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Long-term debt, net | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Long-term debt, net | 11. Long-term debt, net Long-term debt, net, including promissory notes payable to certain shareholders, net, as of December 31, 2017, consist of the following:
|  | 12% term loan, |  |  | 12% incremental term loan, |  |  | 10% promissory notes, |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | due 2020 |  |  | due 2020 |  |  | due 2021 |  |  | Total |
Principal amount |  | $ | 40,688 |  |  | $ | 14,312 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 65,000 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (2,753 | ) |  |  | (672 | ) |  |  | (312 | ) |  |  | (3,737 | )
Add: PIK interest accrued to the principal balance |  |  | 542 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 1,149 |  |  |  | 1,700 |
Long-term debt, net |  |  | 38,477 |  |  |  | 13,649 |  |  |  | 10,837 |  |  |  | 62,963 |
Less: Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | (2,062 | ) |  |  | (688 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,750 | )
Long-term debt, net (non-current) |  | $ | 36,415 |  |  | $ | 12,961 |  |  | $ | 10,837 |  |  | $ | 60,213 |
Long-term debt, net, including promissory notes payable to certain shareholders, net, as of December 31, 2016, consist of the following:
|  | 12% term loan, |  |  | 10% promissory notes, |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | due 2020 |  |  | due 2021 |  |  | Total |
Principal amount |  | $ | 42,750 |  |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 52,750 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (3,964 | ) |  |  | (384 | ) |  |  | (4,348 | )
Add: PIK interest accrued to the principal balance |  |  | 479 |  |  |  | 1,132 |  |  |  | 1,611 |
Long-term debt, net |  |  | 39,265 |  |  |  | 10,748 |  |  |  | 50,013 |
Less: Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | (4,135 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,135 | )
Long-term debt, net (non-current) |  | $ | 35,130 |  |  | $ | 10,748 |  |  | $ | 45,878 |
Term Loan On December 8, 2015, Fluent entered into an agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with certain financial institutions and the administrative agent (collectively, “Whitehorse”), for a term loan in the amount of $45.0 million (“Term Loan”). Fluent’s obligations in respect of the Term Loan are guaranteed by the Company and substantially all of the other direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company. The obligations of Fluent and the obligations of the guarantors are secured by substantially all of such entities’ assets. The Credit Agreement has a five-year term. Prior to the Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement entered into on January 19, 2017 (the “Amendment No. 3”), payments of principal in the amount of $563 each are due on the last day of each quarter during the term of the Credit Agreement, commencing March 31, 2016. Additionally, 50% of excess cash flow of Fluent and its subsidiaries for the immediately preceding fiscal year is required, in Whitehorse’s sole discretion, to be paid towards the Term Loan obligations, commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016. As a result of the excess cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2016, we reclassified a total amount of $1,885 into current portion of long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. Whitehorse subsequently refused the prepayment and we reclassified the $1,885 back to non-current portion of long-term debt in the first quarter of 2017. Whitehorse also refused the prepayment of $4,608 resulting from the excess cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Credit Agreement provides for certain other customary mandatory prepayments upon certain events, and also provides for certain prepayment premiums during the first four years of the Term Loan, provided that the prepayment premiums are not applicable to scheduled payments of principal, the required excess cash flow payments and certain other required prepayments. Incremental Term Loan On January 19, 2017, Fluent entered into Amendment No. 3, amending Fluent's Term Loan facility dated December 8, 2015. The Amendment No. 3, among other things, provides for a new term loan in the principal amount of $15,000 ("Incremental Term Loan"), subject to the terms and conditions of the Amendment No. 3, and modifies certain other Credit Agreement provisions, including certain financial covenants and related definitions. The entire Incremental Term Loan of $14,039, net of debt issuance costs of $961, was received on February 1, 2017. The Term Loan and Incremental Term Loan (collectively, the "Term Loans") are guaranteed by the Company and the other direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company, and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Fluent, in each case, on an equal and ratable basis. The Term Loans accrue interest at the rate of: (a) either, at Fluent's option, LIBOR (subject to a floor of 0.50%) plus 10.5% per annum, or base rate plus 9.5% per annum, payable in cash, plus (b) 1% per annum, payable, at Fluent's option, in either cash or in-kind. Payments of principal of the Term Loans are $688 per quarter, replacing the original $563 for the Term Loan, payable at the end of each calendar quarter, commencing on March 31, 2017. The Term Loans mature on December 8, 2020. Whitehorse Warrants In connection with the Term Loan, on December 8, 2015, the Company issued warrants to purchase, in aggregate, 200,000 shares of common stock, to Whitehorse. Such warrants are exercisable at any time (i) following the date of approval for listing of the common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants on the NYSE MKT and (ii) prior to the 10-year anniversary of the date of issuance of such warrants at $8.00 per share. Pursuant to a Limited Consent and Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement entered into on September 30, 2016 (the “Amendment No. 2”), the exercise price of the above-mentioned warrants was amended to $5.08 from $8.00, and the Company also issued additional new warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $5.08 per share and an expiration date of September 30, 2026. As a result of the amended and newly issued warrants, an aggregate of $492 was recognized as debt issuance costs and additional paid-in capital. On November 3, 2017, the Company entered into warrant amendments (the "Whitehorse Warrant Amendments") with Whitehorse, regarding the warrants to purchase an aggregate of 300,000 shares of common stock (collectively, the “Whitehorse Warrants”), at an exercise price of $5.08 per share. The Company agreed to reduce the exercise price to $3.00 per share. Whitehorse exercised all the Whitehorse Warrants for 300,000 shares of common stock (the “Whitehorse Shares”) and gross proceeds of an aggregate of $900 were received in November 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the Whitehorse Warrant Amendments, Whitehorse is prohibited from engaging or otherwise agreeing to any sale, pledge, or other transfer of the Whitehorse Shares for a period of 120 days (the “Whitehorse Lock-Up Period”) following the exercise of such warrants in full. Following the Whitehorse Lock-Up Period, (i) Whitehorse may only sell such number of shares underlying the warrants representing up to 5% of the Company’s daily trading volume on the immediately prior trading day prior to a sale and (ii) Whitehorse may not transfer any of the Whitehorse Shares for less than $4.50 per share, provided that Whitehorse may not transfer any Whitehorse Shares unless the Company has an effective registration statement permitting the resale of the Whitehorse Shares. Upon either the Record Date or the termination of the Business Combination Agreement, Whitehorse can require the Company to purchase from them all the Whitehorse Shares at a price of $4.50 per share. As of December 31, 2017, a liability of $1,350 in relation to the Whitehorse Shares with put rights was classified into current liabilities. The fair value of warrants issued to Whitehorse (collectively, the “Whitehorse Warrants”) of $492 and $1,586 were recognized as debt costs for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. A gain of $350, as a result of the Whitehorse Warrant Amendments, was capitalized as a deduction to the balance of debt costs during the year ended December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the debt costs balance was $897 and $1,679, respectively. We estimate the fair value of such warrants on the date of grant or amendment using a Black-Scholes pricing model, applying the following assumptions, and amortize the fair value to interest expense over the term of the Term Loans using the interest method:
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Expected term (in years) |  | 0.08 - 9 |  | 10 |  | 10
Risk-free interest rate |  | 1.02% - 2.35% |  | 1.56% |  | 2.24%
Expected volatility |  | 82.50% |  | 90.47% |  | 114.33%
Expected dividend yield |  | 0.00% |  | 0.00% |  | 0.00%
Credit Agreement The Credit Agreement, as amended, contains customary representations and warranties, covenants (including certain financial covenants), and events of default, upon the occurrence of which Whitehorse may accelerate the obligations under the Credit Agreement. Certain restrictive covenants impose limitations on the way we conduct our business, including limitations on the amount of additional debt we can incur and restricts our ability to make certain investments and other restricted payments, including certain intercompany payments of cash and other property. The financial covenants include the requirement that the Company and its subsidiaries attain, on a quarterly basis, certain minimum EBITDA thresholds for the immediately preceding twelve-month period, Fluent and its subsidiaries attain, on a quarterly basis, certain minimum EBITDA thresholds for the immediately preceding twelve-month period, Fluent and its subsidiaries meet certain leverage ratios on a quarterly basis, Fluent and its subsidiaries meet certain fixed charge coverage ratios on a quarterly basis, and Fluent and its subsidiaries maintain at all times cash and cash equivalent balances of at least $2.0 million (or such lesser amount agreed to by Whitehorse), in the aggregate. On August 7, 2017, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 4”). Amendment No. 4 provides that there shall be no requirement that the Company and its subsidiaries meet any minimum EBITDA threshold for the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2017. The requirement that Fluent and its subsidiaries meet the required minimum EBITDA threshold for the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2017 was not impacted by Amendment No. 4. On November 3, 2017, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into Amendment No. 5 to the Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 5”). Amendment No. 5 provides for certain amendments to the definition of EBITDA by adding back acquisition and restructuring costs resulting from the Business Combination Transaction (as defined below), and costs relating to litigation with TRADS that we settled on July 22, 2017. Amendment No. 5 also amends the minimum EBITDA threshold for the Company and its subsidiaries beginning with the quarter ended September 30, 2017. In addition, Amendment No. 5 allows for additional transfer of cash from Fluent to the Company, provided that Fluent maintains a minimum cash balance. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement. Promissory Notes On December 8, 2015, the Company entered into and consummated the promissory notes financing (the “Promissory Notes”) with each of Frost Gamma Investment Trust (“Frost Gamma”), an affiliate of Phillip Frost, M.D., the Vice Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, Michael Brauser, the Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors then, and another investor (the “Promissory Note Investors”), pursuant to which the Company issued Promissory Notes of $5.0 million to Frost Gamma, $4.0 million to Michael Brauser, and $1.0 million to another investor, for an aggregate financing in the amount of $10.0 million. The Promissory Note Investors received (i) a promissory note in the principal amount equal to the amount of their respective promissory notes, with a rate of interest of 10% per annum, which interest shall be capitalized monthly by adding to the outstanding principal amount of such Promissory Notes, and (ii) a grant of 100 shares of the Company’s Series B Non-voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series B Preferred”) for each $1.0 million increment of their respective Promissory Notes, with a total of 1,000 shares of Series B Preferred granted (“Promissory Note Shares”), pursuant to fee letter agreements. Each share of Series B Preferred automatically converted into 50 shares of common stock in February 2016. Under the terms of the Promissory Notes, the Company is required to repay the principal and all accrued interest six months after the repayment of all amounts due under the Credit Agreement, except that the Company may repay the Promissory Notes earlier from the proceeds of a round of public equity financing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid accrued paid-in-kind (“PIK”) interest of $533, $426, and $107 to Frost Gamma, Michael Brauser and another investor, respectively. The fair value of Promissory Note Shares of $413 was calculated by multiplying the closing common stock market price of the Company on December 8, 2015 of $8.45, with the total shares granted, as converted, which was recognized as debt costs, and the unamortized balance as at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $284 and $350, respectively. In connection with the Promissory Notes, on December 8, 2015, the Company, each lender under the Promissory Notes, and Whitehorse entered into a Subordination Agreement (the “Subordination Agreement”), pursuant to which the debt under the Promissory Notes was made expressly subordinate to the debt under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Subordination Agreement restricts certain terms of the Promissory Notes. The terms of the Subordination Agreement shall remain in effect until such time that all obligations under the Credit Agreement are paid in full. The net balance of Promissory Notes was presented as promissory notes payable to certain shareholders, net, in the consolidated balance sheets. Maturities Excluding potential additional principal payments due on the Term Loans based on excess cash flows for the immediately preceding fiscal year, as mentioned above, scheduled future maturities of total debts as of December 31, 2017 were as follows:
(In thousands) |  |  |  |
Year |  |  |  |
2018 |  | $ | 2,750 |
2019 |  |  | 2,750 |
2020 |  |  | 49,500 |
2021 |  |  | 10,000 |
Total maturities |  |  | 65,000 |
Add: Accrued PIK interest, added to the principal |  |  | 1,700 |
Less: Unamortized debts issuance costs |  |  | (3,737 | )
Total |  | $ | 62,963 |
Fair value As mentioned above, the Company’s long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2017 represented 1) the Term Loans with interest at (a) either, at Fluent's option, LIBOR (subject to a floor of 0.50%) plus 10.5% per annum, or base rate plus 9.5% per annum, payable in cash, plus (b) 1% per annum, payable, at Fluent's option, in either cash or in-kind, and 2) the Promissory Notes pursuant to the agreements effective December 8, 2015, with a rate of interest of 10% per annum. Considering the Term Loans have a variable interest rate, and interest rates have been relatively stable, we regard the fair values of the long-term debt to approximate their carrying amount as of December 31, 2017. This fair value assessment represents Level 2 measurements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 + Details
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