2. Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Basis of preparation and liquidity

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”).

The Company reported a net loss of $53,206, $29,086 and $42,585 from continuing operations, and a net loss of $0, $0 and $41,950 from discontinued operations, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities was $2,352 and $2,099 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, while net cash used in operating activities was $10,673 for the year ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $167,437.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had available cash of $16,629, an increase of $6,540 from $10,089 as of December 31, 2016. Based on this available cash, and the projections of growth in revenue and operating results in the coming year, and the January 2018 Registered Direct Offering of $13,500, as defined in Note 20, “Subsequent events,” the Company believes that it will have sufficient cash resources to finance its operations and expected capital expenditures for the next twelve months. The Company will contribute $20.0 million in cash to Red Violet upon completion of the Spin-off (as defined in Note 18, “Spin-off of Red Violet and Business Combination Agreement”).

Reclassifications

The Company has reclassified the cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) amounts from the gross profit section to the costs and expenses section of the consolidated statements of operations for each period presented and the gross profit subtotal has been removed. As a result, total costs and expenses have increased from $87,076 and $48,238 to $220,874 and $58,491 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant transactions among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of intangible assets, recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets, and income tax provision. These estimates are often based on complex judgments and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use.

The Company’s cash and bank deposits were held in major financial institutions located in the United States, which management believes have high credit ratings. The cash and bank deposits held in the United States, denominated in USD, amounted to $16,629 and $10,089 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, among the total cash and cash equivalents, $15,134 was held by Fluent and a portion of this cash may be used by Fluent only for general operating purposes.

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash investments. The Company places its temporary cash instruments with well-known financial institutions within the United States, and, at times, may maintain balances in United States banks in excess of the $250 thousand dollar US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. The Company monitors the credit ratings of the financial institutions to mitigate this risk.

(d) Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are due from customers and are generally unsecured, which consist of amounts earned but not yet collected. None of the Company’s accounts receivable bear interest.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is management’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. Management determines the allowance based on reviews of customer-specific facts and economic conditions. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers. The amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts was $1,852 and $790 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(e) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are charged to expense in the period incurred. Betterments and additions are capitalized. Property and equipment are depreciated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or lease terms that are reasonably assured. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:



Computer and network equipment			5-7 years
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment			3-5 years
Leasehold improvements			4-7 years

When items of property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, loss/income is charged or credited for the difference between the net book value and proceeds received thereon.

(f) Business combination

The Company records acquisitions pursuant to ASC 805 – Business Combinations. We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired intangible assets, useful lives and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

(g) Intangible assets other than goodwill

The Company’s intangible assets are initially recorded at the capitalized actual costs incurred, their acquisition cost, or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination, and amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives, which are the periods over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Company. The Company’s intangible assets represent purchased intellectual property and capitalized litigation costs, software developed for internal use, acquired proprietary technology, customer relationships, trade names, domain names, databases and non-competition agreements, including those resulting from the acquisitions. Intangible assets have estimated useful lives of 2-20 years.

We capitalize related legal and other costs incurred and paid in defending our claims to the intellectual property when a successful outcome in the litigation case is probable, and additionally, we believe the value of the intellectual property involved in the lawsuit is greater than the costs associated with this lawsuit as a result of a successful outcome. The recovery of costs upon a successful outcome will reduce the capitalized litigation costs carrying value. If the Company is ultimately unsuccessful, the costs would be charged to expense. In 2016, the Company wrote off the remaining balance of Purchased IP, as defined in Note 8, “Intangible assets, net,” and capitalized litigation costs of $4,055, which is reflected in costs and expenses as write-off of long-lived assets in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, as a result of an unfavorable ruling in relation to the litigation.

In accordance with ASC 350-40, “Software — internal use software,” the Company capitalizes eligible costs, including salaries and staff benefits, share-based compensation expense, travel expenses incurred by relevant employees, and other relevant costs of developing internal-use software that are incurred in the application development stage when developing or obtaining software for internal use. Once the software developed for internal use is ready for its intended use, it is amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life.

(h) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired when accounted for by the acquisition method of accounting. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the goodwill balance relates to the October 2, 2014 acquisition of Interactive Data by IDI Holdings, the Fluent Acquisition effective on December 8, 2015, and the Q Interactive Acquisition effective on June 8, 2016.

In accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable, by assessing qualitative factors or performing a quantitative analysis in determining whether it is more likely than not that its fair value exceeds the carrying value. A quantitative step one assessment involves determining the fair value of each reporting unit using market participant assumptions. If we believe that the carrying value of a reporting unit with goodwill exceeds its estimated fair value, we will perform a quantitative step two assessment. Step two compares the carrying value of the reporting unit to the fair value of all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit (including any unrecognized intangibles) as if the reporting unit was acquired in a business combination. On October 1, 2017, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which eliminates step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2017-04, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

On October 1, 2017 and 2016, we performed a quantitative step one assessment on both of our reporting units. The results of our step one assessment proved that the estimated fair value of the reporting units exceed their carrying value. We concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

For purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill, we must make various assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair values, including market multiples, discount rates, etc.

(i) Impairment of long-lived assets

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their respective useful lives and, along with other long-lived assets, are evaluated for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying amounts may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, including finite-lived intangibles and property and equipment, the Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition in accordance with ASC 360-10-15. To the extent that estimated future undiscounted cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future undiscounted cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value. Assets to be disposed of and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Due to the continued losses, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets for recoverability and determined no impairment was necessary.

Asset recoverability is an area involving management judgment, requiring assessment as to whether the carrying value of assets can be supported by the undiscounted future cash flows. In calculating the future cash flows, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters such as revenue growth rates, gross margin percentages and terminal growth rates.

In September 2016, the Company wrote off the remaining balance of Purchased IP and capitalized litigation costs of $4,055, as a result of an unfavorable ruling in relation to a litigation matter. In the first quarter of 2017, the Company wrote off the remaining balance of long-lived assets of $3,626, relating primarily to the acquired proprietary technology and trade names acquired in the Q Interactive Acquisition, into the total costs and expenses as a write-off of long-lived assets, as a result of the Q Interactive Integration.

We concluded there was no impairment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(j) Fair value of financial instruments

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

•

Level 1 – defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

•

Level 2 – defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

•

Level 3 – defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, and receivables and payables approximate their carrying amount because of the short-term nature of these instruments. We regard the fair value of the long-term debt to approximate their carrying amounts as of December 31, 2017 based on the facts that the Term Loans have a variable interest rate, and interest rates have been relatively stable. This fair value assessment represents Level 2 measurements. As of December 31, 2016, the net balance of acquisition consideration payable in stock of $10,225 was recognized in relation to the Fluent Acquisition. We used the probability-weighted method to determine the fair value of the acquisition consideration payable in stock, and this fair value assessment represents Level 3 measurements. It was classified as a non-current liability in the December 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet because this liability will be settled with the Company’s common stock. On November 3, 2017, the Company issued a total of 2,750,000 shares of common stock to settle the acquisition consideration payable in stock.

(k) Revenue recognition

The Company provides information services and performance marketing services, and generally recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or a service has been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured.

Information services revenue is generated from the risk management industry and consumer marketing industry. Information service revenue generated from the risk management industry is generally recognized on (a) a transactional basis determined by the customers’ usage, (b) a monthly fee or (c) a combination of both. Revenue pursuant to contracts containing a monthly fee is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is generally 1 year. Revenue pursuant to transactions determined by the customers’ usage is recognized when the transaction is complete. Information service revenue generated from consumer marketing industry is generally recognized when related services are delivered, in accordance with terms detailed in the agreements. These terms typically call for a transactional unit price per record delivered based on predefined qualifying characteristics specified by the customer. These records are tracked in real time by the Company’s systems, reported, recorded, and regularly reconciled against advertiser data either in real time or at various contractually defined periods, whereupon the number of qualified records during such specified period are finalized and adjustments, if any, to revenue are made. Additional revenue is generated through revenue-sharing agreements with marketers who target offers to users provided by the Company from its owned and operated sites.

Performance marketing revenue is recognized when the conversions are generated based on predefined user actions (for example, a click, a registration, an app install or a coupon print) subject to certain qualifying characteristics specified by the customer, in accordance with terms detailed in advertiser agreements and/or the attendant insertion orders. These terms typically call for a specific transactional unit price per conversion generated. These conversions are tracked in real time by the Company’s systems, reported, recorded, and regularly reconciled against advertiser data either in real time or at various contractually defined periods, whereupon the number of qualified conversions during such specified period are finalized and adjustments, if any, to revenue are made.

Costs associated with separately priced customer service contracts are expensed as incurred.

Customer payments received in excess of the amount of revenue recognized are recorded as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets, and are recognized as revenue when the services are rendered. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, deferred revenue totaled $298 and $318, respectively, all of which is expected to be realized in the following year.

(l) Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Our cost of revenue primarily includes data acquisition costs and media costs. Data acquisition costs consist primarily of the cost to acquire data either on a transactional basis or through flat-fee data licensing agreements, including unlimited usage agreements, and is used primarily to power solutions in our Information Services segment. Media costs consist primarily of the cost to acquire traffic through the purchase of impressions or clicks from publishers or third-party intermediaries, such as advertising exchanges, and is used primarily to power solutions in our Performance Marketing segment. Other cost of revenue includes expenses related to third-party infrastructure fees.

(m) Advertising and promotion costs

Advertising and promotion costs are charged to operations as incurred. Advertising and promotion costs, included in sales and marketing expenses amounted to $2,818, $4,027 and $388 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(n) Share-based compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation to employees in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation.” Under ASC 718, the Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and generally recognizes the costs on a straight-line basis over the period the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. For awards with performance conditions, we begin recording share-based compensation when achieving the performance criteria is probable.

The estimated number of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amount will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. Changes in our estimates and assumptions may cause us to realize material changes in share-based compensation expense in the future. During the first quarter of 2017, we adopted ASU 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting,” which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, and the Company elected the option to recognize gross share-based compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, on a retrospective basis.

The Company accounts for share-based compensation to non-employees in accordance with ASC 505-50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.” Under ASC 505-50, share-based payment transactions with non-employees shall be measured at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. In the event that the fair value of the equity instruments issued in a share-based payment transaction with non-employees is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the consideration received, the transaction shall be measured based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued by the Company. Fair value of the consideration is updated each reporting period until the performance required to receive the award is complete. We recognize the fair value as expense on a straight-line basis over the expected service period.

(o) Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires the use of the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates or laws is recognized in income in the period that the change in tax rates or laws is enacted. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

On December 22, 2017, the tax reform legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) was enacted, resulting in significant modifications to existing law, including lowering the U.S. corporate statutory income tax rate to 21%, among other changes. As a full valuation allowance was recognized in the current period, the Act does not have any material net impact on our consolidated financial statements, however, certain income tax disclosures, including the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowance, and the effective income tax rate reconciliation, are affected. The Company follows the guidance in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides additional clarification regarding the application of ASC 740 in situations where the Company does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act for the reporting period in which the Act was enacted. SAB 118 provides for a measurement period beginning in the reporting period that includes the Act’s enactment date and ending when the Company has obtained, prepared, and analyzed the information needed in order to complete the accounting requirements but in no circumstances should the measurement period extend beyond one year from the enactment date. Due to certain ambiguities in the Act, the Company is still evaluating the impact of changes to Code Section 162(m) on our consolidated financial statements. It is the intention of the Company to complete the necessary analysis within the measurement period, upon receiving further clarifying guidance from U.S. Department of the Treasury, no later than December 31, 2018.

ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. This interpretation requires that an entity recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company’s accounting policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if and when required, as interest expense and a component of other expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.

(p) Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and is calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options and unvested shares. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the calculation in the loss periods as their effects would be anti-dilutive.

On March 19, 2015, the Company effected the Reverse Split. The principal effect of the Reverse Split was to decrease the number of outstanding shares of the Company’s common shares. All per share amounts and shares outstanding up to the date of the Reverse Split have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Split.

(q) Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies that cover a wide range of matters. An estimated loss from a loss contingency such as a legal proceeding or claim is accrued if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining whether a loss should be accrued, the Company evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss.

(r) Segment reporting

The Company has two operating segments, Information Services and Performance Marketing, as defined by ASC 280, “Segment Reporting.” As of December 31, 2015, the Company has disposed of all assets and liabilities related to its Advertising Business, and the related results of operations were recorded as discontinued operations.

(s) Significant concentrations and risks

Concentration of Credit Risk

Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were deposited in financial institutions located in the United States, which management believes are of high credit quality. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by credit evaluations the Company performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring process of outstanding balances.

Concentration of Customers

For the year ended December 31, 2017, there was no individual customer that accounted for more than 10% of the total revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized revenue from one major customer, accounting for 12% and 14% of the total consolidated revenue, respectively. Such customer, however, manages the ad platforms of leading search engines and represents a consortium of advertisers, which limits overall concentration risk.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no individual customer that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, net.

Concentration of Suppliers

There was no individual supplier that accounted for more than 10% of the total cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the year ended December 31, 2017. One media supplier accounted for 15% and 11% of the total cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

As of December 31, 2017, there was one media supplier that accounted for 11% of the Company’s total trade accounts payable. As of December 31, 2016, there was no individual vendor that accounted for more than 10% of the of the Company’s total trade accounts payable.

(t) Recently issued accounting standards

In May 2014, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09 (“ASU 2014-09”), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” which delays the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. FASB also agreed to allow entities to choose to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. In March 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in evaluating whether it controls the good or the service before it is transferred to the customer. The new revenue recognition standard will be effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein, that is, the first quarter of 2018. The new standard also permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the modified retrospective method). We plan to adopt ASU 2014-09 for the first quarter of 2018, and we anticipate adopting the standard using the modified retrospective method. Based on our assessment, we concluded that the guidance will not have any material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 (“ASU 2016-02”), “Leases (Topic 842),” which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. This guidance will be effective for public entities in the first quarter of 2019, on a modified retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We do not plan to early adopt ASU 2016-02. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 (“ASU 2016-15”), “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which provides guidance for certain cash flow issues, including contingent consideration payments made after a business combination and debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, etc. The guidance will be effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt ASU 2016-15 for the first quarter of 2018 and we do not expect ASU 2016-15 will have any material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04 (“ASU 2017-04”), “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which eliminates step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2017-04, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2020 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-04 on October 1, 2017, and the standard does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.