Common stock, preferred stock and warrants

Common stock

As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the number of issued shares of common stock was 76,525,581, 61,631,573 and 53,717,996, respectively, which included shares of treasury stock of 1,233,198, 352,523 and 160,235, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the change in the number of issued shares of common stock comprised the following issuances:


•	An aggregate of 12,194,008 shares of common stock were issued as a result of the vesting of RSUs, and included 875,675 shares of common stock withheld to cover withholding taxes upon such vesting, which are reflected as additions to treasury stock in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders' equity.


•	An aggregate of 2,700,000 shares of common stock were issued in a registered direct offering ("Registered Direct Offering") to certain investors with a purchase price of $5.00 per share, pursuant to a definitive securities purchase agreement entered into on January 10, 2018, for proceeds of $13,392, net of issuance costs of $108.


•	Concurrent with the Registered Direct Offering, the Company issued to such institutional buyers, for no additional consideration, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,350,000 shares of common stock. These warrants have an exercise price of $6.00 per share and are exercisable until July 11, 2020.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the change in the number of issued shares of common stock comprised the following issuances:


•	An aggregate of 4,001,808 shares of common stock were issued as a result of the vesting of RSUs and the issuance of restricted stock, including 192,288 shares of common stock withheld to cover withholding taxes upon such vesting, which are reflected as additions to treasury stock in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders' equity.

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On October 17, 2017, the Company entered into certain amendments (the “Intracoastal and Anson Warrant Amendments”) to the common stock purchase warrants dated July 23, 2015, May 17, 2016 and November 23, 2016 with Intracoastal Capital, LLC (“Intracoastal”) and the common stock purchase warrant dated May 17, 2016 with Anson Investments Master Fund LP (“Anson”), which represented warrants to purchase a total of 861,769 shares of the Company’s common stock previously granted to these warrant holders pursuant to the common stock purchase warrants described above. The Company agreed to reduce the exercise price of these warrants to $3.00 per share. In October 2017, Intracoastal and Anson exercised all of such warrants, as a result of which the Company received proceeds of $2,585 and issued an aggregate of 861,769 shares of common stock.

The Intracoastal and Anson Warrant Amendments also provided that the Company issue to Intracoastal and Anson additional warrants for common stock equal to 25% of the number of shares exercised, resulting in an aggregate issuance of 215,443 additional warrants with an exercise price of $5.35 per share (the “Additional Warrants”).

For the year ended December 31, 2017, a loss of $1,005 was recognized in other expenses, net as a result of the Intracoastal and Anson Warrant Amendments.

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On November 3, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 300,000 shares of common stock to Whitehorse, in connection with the exercise of the Whitehorse Warrants, pursuant to the Whitehorse Warrant Amendments. Gross proceeds of $900 in total were received in November 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, together with the exercise of warrants by Intracoastal and Anson, discussed above, an aggregate of $3,484 was received as a result of the exercise of warrants to purchase 1,161,769 shares of common stock.


•	On November 3, 2017, the Company issued a total of 2,750,000 shares of common stock to settle the additional acquisition consideration payable in stock related to the Q Interactive Acquisition.

Treasury stock

As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company held 1,233,198, 352,523 and 160,235 shares in treasury, with a cost of $3,272, $1,274 and $531, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the increase in treasury stock was attributable to 875,675 shares that were withheld to cover withholding taxes upon the vesting of RSUs and restricted stock. The increase in treasury stock also included a purchase on April 9, 2018 by the Company of 729,167 shares of treasury stock for $1,581, which represented the aggregate shares that Red Violet employees had elected to sell to cover the withholding of taxes on the accelerated vesting of RSUs related to the Spin-off. On October 17, 2018, the Company repurchased 5,000 shares from an outside investor.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the increase in treasury stock was attributable to 192,288 shares that were withheld to cover withholding taxes upon the vesting of RSUs and restricted stock.

Warrants

As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,498,776, 1,273,776 and 2,220,102 shares of common stock were outstanding, respectively. The current exercise prices for outstanding issuances range from 3.75 to 6.00 per share.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the increase in warrants resulted from the issuance of warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,350,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $6.00 per share. These issuances occurred concurrent with the Registered Direct Offering. Pursuant to the First Amendments to the Amended Whitehorse Warrants, the parties agreed to reduce the price per share at which the warrant holders have the right, but not the obligation, to require the Company to purchase from the warrant holders the Warrant Shares to $3.8334 per share, to modify the period during which the Put Right could be exercised to the period commencing January 1, 2019 and ending December 15, 2019 and to modify the minimum price that the warrant holders can transfer any of the Warrant Shares to no less than $3.8334 per share.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, as a result of certain amendments of warrants, as discussed above under "Common Stock", the exercise price of warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,161,769 of common stock was lowered to $3.00 per share. These warrants were subsequently exercised in full.

As of December 31, 2017, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,273,776 shares of common stock were outstanding, and included the following:

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Concurrent with the Registered Direct Offering, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 500,000 shares of common stock were issued to five investors, and included 375,000 warrants to Intracoastal and Anson, with an exercise price of $8.00 per share. These warrants became exercisable beginning November 21, 2016, the date that was six months and one day from the date of issuance, and were to expire 24 months from the date that they became exercisable. As a result of the Intracoastal and Anson Warrant Amendments, warrants previously issued to Intracoastal and Anson were amended and exercised, with an exercise price of $3.00 per share. As of December 31, 2017, there were remaining warrants to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock.

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The Intracoastal and Anson Warrant Amendments provided that the Company deliver an aggregate of 215,443 Additional Warrants to these two investors, with an exercise price of $5.35 per share. These Additional Warrants were to be exercisable from the date of issuance and expire on the earlier of the close of business on the two-year anniversary of (i) the date a registration statement registering the resale of the underlying shares is declared effective by the SEC, or (ii) the commencement date that such Additional Warrant may be exercised by means of a “cashless exercise.”

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Concurrent with the Registered Direct Offering, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,000,000 and 100,000 shares of common stock, with exercise prices of $3.75 and $5.00 per share, respectively, were issued to four investors, including Intracoastal and related agents, respectively. The warrants issued to the four investors became exercisable beginning six months and one day from the date of issuance and were to expire 5 years from the date these warrants became exercisable. The warrants issued to related agents became exercisable beginning six months and one day from the date of issuance and were to expire 24 months from the date they became exercisable. As a result of the Intracoastal and Anson Warrant Amendments, warrants to purchase 166,667 shares of common stock previously issued to Intracoastal were amended and exercised, with an exercise price of $3.00 per share. This exercise resulted in remaining warrants in aggregate to purchase 833,333 and 100,000 shares of common stock, with exercise prices of $3.75 and $5.00 per share, respectively, being issued to the remaining three investors and related agents, respectively.

Preferred stock

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had 10.0 million shares of preferred stock with par value of $0.0001 per share authorized. No shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding.