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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

 

(a) Basis of preparation

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

 

From time to time, the Company  may enter into relationships or investments with other entities, and, in certain instances, the entity in which the Company has a relationship or investment  may qualify as a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The Company consolidates a VIE in its financial statements if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is the party that has the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the operations of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

 

Going concern

 

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern, management must evaluate whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date these accompanying audited consolidated financial statements are issued (the "issuance date"). As part of this evaluation, management  may consider the potential mitigating impact of its plans that have not been fully implemented as of the issuance date if (a) it is probable that management's plans will be effectively implemented on a timely basis, and (b) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will alleviate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the issuance date.

 

The Company has experienced a continued decline in the number of users who register on its O&O Sites starting in 2020 when the Company initiated the TQI where it eliminated a large portion of our third-party affiliate traffic. In 2023, the FTC Consent Order imposed more rigorous standards and vetting of the Company's third-party publishers, many of whom elected not to work with the Company, which also negatively impacted the Company's registration volume on its O&O Sites (see Note 15,Contingencies). These issues, coupled with intermittent difficulties sourcing traffic from social media sites have resulted in declining revenue and profitability. Based on the above, the borrowings under the SLR Revolver (as defined in Note 8, Long-term debt, net) under the SLR Credit Agreement (as defined and discussed in Note 8, Long-term debt, net) are limited to a borrowing base, that fluctuates as regularly as weekly, based on eligible accounts receivable. As a result, the available borrowing capacity is at times insufficient to fund operations and meet the Company's needs.

 

As of  December 31, 2024, the Credit Parties were  not in compliance with their financial covenants under the SLR Credit Agreement, which the Borrower had to report by January 31, 2025, and which would have resulted in an event of default. However, the Credit Parties entered into two letter agreements pursuant to which SLR (as defined and discussed below in Note  8, Long-term debt, net) extended the deadline for delivery of the compliance certificate required for the fiscal month ended   December 31, 2024, and the related notice of event of default, first to March 4, 2025, then to March 10, 2025.

 

On March 10, 2025, the Credit Parties and SLR entered into the Fourth Amendment (as defined and discussed in Note 16, Subsequent Events) to the SLR Credit Agreement, which required the Company to raise at least $5,000 of additional capital by March 20, 2025. In addition, the Fourth Amendment waived non-compliance with the financial covenants as of  December 31, 2024, extended the duration of the call protection applicable to the loans, and modified the financial covenants, among other things. 

 

On March 20, 2025, the Company raised $5.0 million in aggregate net proceeds from the sale of pre-funded warrants, satisfying the capital raising conditions of the Fourth Amendment (as defined and discussed in Note 16, Subsequent Events).

 

Additionally, given the continued challenges the Company has faced achieving profitability, the Company made reductions in workforce during 2024 and the beginning of 2025 and will continue to consider further cost reduction measures and focus resources on opportunities that will enable the Company to meet its projected budget and cash flow requirements. Initial measures included divesting a non-core business unit (see Note 14Variable Interest Entity), transferring another business unit (see Note 6Intangible assets, net), ceased continuing operations of a non-core business, and will continue to review additional other business units to determine the impact of potential divestments.

 

The financial covenants under the SLR Credit Agreement were reset based on the Company's twelve month projections. However, the Company has not met its projections for certain recent quarters and is currently trending below its 2025 first quarter projections. If during any fiscal quarter, the Company does not comply with any of its financial covenants, such non-compliance would result in an event of default that would give SLR the right to accelerate maturities. In such case, the Company would not have sufficient funds to repay the SLR Term Loan (as defined and discussed in Note 8, Long-term debt, net) under the SLR Credit Agreement and any outstanding balance on the SLR Revolver (as defined below in Note 8, Long-term debt, net). Furthermore, even with the additional capital raise completed in March 2025, there is no assurance that the available cash, plus borrowing base on the SLR Revolver will be sufficient to fund operations over the next twelve months and the Company expects to raise additional capital. The Company will consider implementing cost-saving measures, but there is no guarantee that such plans would be successfully executed or have the expected benefits. As a result, management concluded that there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date of issuance of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of recorded assets and classification of liabilities that might result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

 

Principles of consolidation

 

All significant transactions among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 

(b) Reverse stock split

 

On  April 11, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-6 reverse split of the issued shares (the "Reverse Stock Split") of the Company's common stock. All historical share amounts disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been retroactively restated to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, as fractional shares of common stock were rounded up to the nearest whole share. See Note 11Equity, for additional information.

 

(c) Use of estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for credit losses, useful lives of intangible assets, recoverability of the carrying amounts of goodwill and intangible assets, the portion of revenue subject to estimates for variances between internally-tracked conversions and those confirmed by the customer, the variable commission revenue based on the estimated LTV, purchase accounting, consolidation of variable interest entity, fair value of Convertible Notes with related parties based on input assumptions, shared-based compensation and income tax provision. These estimates are often based on complex judgments and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

 

(d) Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. Restricted cash had included a separately maintained cash account, required under the terms of a lease agreement the Company entered into on  October 10, 2018 for office space in New York City, which was initially released in 2021, but was subsequently required in 2024 due to the New Credit Facility (as defined in Note 8Long-term debt, net).

 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held in major financial institutions located in the United States, which have high credit ratings. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash and cash equivalents were available for use in servicing the Company's debt obligations and general operating purposes.

 

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash investments. The Company places its temporary cash instruments with highly rated financial institutions within the United States, and, at times, may maintain balances in such institutions in excess of the $250 thousand U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. The Company monitors the credit ratings of its financial institutions to mitigate this risk.

 

(e) Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses 

 

Accounts receivables are due from customers, which are generally unsecured, and consist of amounts earned but not yet collected. None of the Company’s accounts receivable bear interest.

 

The allowance for credit losses is management’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. Management determines this allowance based on reviews of customer-specific facts and circumstances along with an application of a percentage against the balance based upon aging and historic charge offs. Management also evaluates the macroeconomic environment to determine if any additional adjustments are needed. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for credit losses after all customary means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. 

 

Movements within the allowance for credit losses consist of the following:

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 

(In thousands)

 

2024

  

2023

 

Beginning balance

 $231  $544 

Charges to expenses

  401  $124 

Write-offs

  (145) $(437)

Ending balance

 $487  $231 

 

(f) Property and equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to expense in the period incurred. Betterments and additions are capitalized. Property and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or lease terms that are reasonably assured. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:

 

  

Years

 

Computer and network equipment

  5 

Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment

  7 

Leasehold improvements

  6 - 7 

 

Assets to be disposed of, and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. When items of property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, loss or income on disposal is recorded for the difference between the net book value and proceeds received therefrom.

 

(g) Business combination

 

The Company records acquisitions pursuant to ASC 805, Business Combinations, by allocating the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and estimated fair values of intangible assets acquired. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired intangible assets, useful lives, and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to acquired assets and assumed liabilities, with corresponding offsets to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of a measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

 

(h) Intangible assets other than goodwill

 

The Company’s intangible assets are initially capitalized based on actual costs incurred, acquisition cost, or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives, which are the periods over which these assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Company. The Company’s intangible assets represent purchased intellectual property, software developed for internal use, acquired proprietary technology, customer relationships, trade names, domain names, databases, and non-competition agreements, including those resulting from acquisitions. Intangible assets have estimated useful lives of 2-20 years.

 

In accordance with ASC 350-40, Software - Internal-Use Software, the Company capitalizes eligible costs, including applicable salaries and benefits, share-based compensation, travel, and other direct costs of developing internal-use software that are incurred in the application development stage. Once the internal-use software is ready for its intended use, it is amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life.

 

Finite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment periodically, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying amounts may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. In evaluating intangible assets for recoverability, the Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition in accordance with ASC 360-10-15. To the extent that estimated future undiscounted net cash flows are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value.

 

Asset recoverability is an area involving management judgment, requiring assessment as to whether the carrying values of assets are supported by their undiscounted future cash flows. In estimating future cash flows, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters such as revenue growth rates, operating expenses, and terminal growth rates.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company determined the value of intangible assets was recoverable except for certain internally developed software costs, developed technology, customer relationships, as discussed in Note 6, Intangible assets, net. As of  December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company reviewed the indicators for impairment and concluded that no impairment of its finite-lived intangible assets existed.

 

(i) Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of net assets acquired, when accounted for by the acquisition method of accounting. As of December 31, 2024, no goodwill balance remained, and as of  December 31, 2023, the goodwill balance was related to the AdParlor Acquisition (as defined in Note 6Intangible assets, net).

 

In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable, by assessing qualitative factors or performing a quantitative analysis in determining whether it is more likely than not that its fair value exceeds the carrying value. For purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill, we make certain assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair values, including market multiples and discount rates, among others. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level and is conducted by estimating and comparing the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units to its carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss equal to the amount of the excess, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

 

 

(j) Fair value of financial instruments

 

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

 

Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure describes a fair value hierarchy based on the following three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that  may be used to measure fair value:

 

 

Level 1 – defined as observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets;

   
 

Level 2 – defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

   
 

Level 3 – defined as unobservable inputs, for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

 

See Note 9Fair Value Measurements, for further details. 

 

(k) Revenue recognition

 

Data and performance-based marketing revenue

 

Revenue is generated when there is a transfer of control of a good or service for a consideration amount the Company is expected to be entitled to. Revenue is recognized when a company has satisfied its performance obligations to a customer and can reasonably expect and measure the payment. The Company's performance obligations are typically to (a) deliver data records based on predefined qualifying characteristics specified by the customer, (b) generate conversions based on predefined user actions (for example, a click, a registration, or the installation of an app) and subject to certain qualifying characteristics specified by the customer, (c) transfer calls with the Company's advertiser clients as a part of the call center operation, or (d) deliver media spend as a part of the business of AdParlor, LLC ("AdParlor"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. These Company performance obligations have the customer simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits provided.

 

The Company applies the practical expedient related to the review of a portfolio of contracts in reviewing the terms of customer contracts as one collective group, rather than by individual contract. Based on historical performance of the contracts contained in this portfolio and the similar nature and characteristics of the customers, the Company concluded that the financial statement effects are not materially different than accounting for revenue on a contract-by-contract basis.

 

The Company has elected the "right to invoice" practical expedient available within ASC 606-10-55-18 as the measure for revenue to be recognized, as it corresponds directly with the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company's revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components. The Company has further concluded that revenue does not require disaggregation.

 

For each identified performance obligation in a contract with a customer, the Company assesses whether it or the third-party supplier is the principal or agent. In arrangements where the Company has substantive control of the specified goods and services, is primarily responsible for the integration of products and services into the final deliverable to the customer, and has inventory risk and discretion in establishing pricing, the Company is considered to have acted as the principal. For performance obligations in which the Company acts as principal, the Company records the gross amount billed to the customer within revenue and the related incremental direct costs incurred as cost of revenue. If the third-party supplier, rather than the Company, is primarily responsible for the performance and deliverable to the customer, and the Company solely arranges for the third-party supplier to provide services to the customer, the Company is considered to have acted as the agent. For performance obligations in which the Company acts as the agent, the net fees on such transactions are recorded as revenue, with no associated costs of revenue for the Company.

 

If a customer pays consideration before the Company's performance obligations are satisfied, such amounts are classified as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. As of  December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the balance of deferred revenue was $556, $430, and $1,014, respectively. The majority of the deferred revenue balance as of  December 31, 2024 will be recognized into revenue during the first quarter of 2025.

 

When there is a delay between the period in which revenue is recognized and when a customer invoice is issued, revenue is recognized, and the related amounts are recorded as unbilled revenue within accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, unbilled revenue included in accounts receivable was $18,625 and $21,488, and $26,878, respectively. In line with industry practice, the unbilled revenue balance is recorded based on the Company's internally tracked conversions, net of estimated variances between this amount and the amount tracked and subsequently confirmed by customers. Substantially all amounts included within the unbilled revenue balance are invoiced to customers within the month directly following the period of service. Historical estimates related to unbilled revenue have not differed materially from actual invoiced revenue.

 

Sales commissions are recorded at the time revenue is recognized and recorded in sales and marketing in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has elected to utilize a practical expedient to expense incremental costs incurred related to obtaining a contract.

 

In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.

 

Commission revenue

 

The Company, acting as the agent, recognizes commission revenue that it expects to receive from the insurance provider from the sale of certain of its health insurance policies, which includes the assumed automatic renewals of such policies once its performance obligation is satisfied. The Company considers its performance obligation related to commissions for both the initial policy sale and future renewals of the policy to be satisfied upon submission by the Company of the initial policy application.

 

The Company applies the practical expedient to estimate the commission revenue for each insurance policy by applying the use of the portfolio approach to policies grouped together by product type and period submitted for effectuation.

 

The commission revenue is variable based on a policy's estimated lifetime value ("LTV"), which is the amount of time the Company expects the policy will remain effective based on past trends, industry data, expectations as to future retention rates, and commission rates, based on the expected value method. Further, the Company considers the application of constraints to the LTV and only recognizes the amount of variable consideration believed probable to be received that will not be subject to a significant revenue reversal in the future. Based on this, the commission revenue is recorded upon satisfaction of the performance obligation, with the associated payment, typically paid monthly, over time, by the insurance provider as the consumer renews and pays the insurance provider for the policy over the duration the consumer remains on the policy.

 

The Company reassesses the estimated LTV for the health insurance policies on a quarterly or as-needed basis. Adjustments to the LTV  may result in an increase or decrease in revenue and the corresponding asset in the period the change is made. Due to the higher attrition of policies sold, the Company reassessed its estimated LTV for the health insurance policies by increasing the constraints applied to the amount of consideration deemed probable which led to a reduction of estimated LTV during the quarter ended  June 30, 2024. Further, due to higher than anticipated attrition rate, partly related to the impact of regulatory challenges in the marketplace, the Company again reassessed its estimated LTV for the health insurance policies by increasing those constraints applied to the amount of consideration deemed probable, which led to an additional reduction of estimated LTV during the quarter end  December 31, 2024.

 

Revenue Disaggregation 

 

The following table presents the Company’s disaggregated revenue by media resources along with its availability and demand for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, based on segment reporting: 

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 
  

2024

 
  

Fluent

  

All Other

  

Consolidated

 

(In thousands)

            

Owned and Operated

 $168,411  $  $168,411 

Commerce Media Solutions

  41,267      41,267 

Call Solutions

  31,133      31,133 

AdParlor

     9,918   9,918 

All Other(1)

     3,894   3,894 

Total Revenue

 $240,811  $13,812  $254,623 

 

(1)

 Balance is partially related to all of the commission revenues

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 
  

2023

 
  

Fluent

  

All Other

  

Consolidated

 

(In thousands)

            

Owned and Operated

 $235,709  $  $235,709 

Commerce Media Solutions

  10,744      10,744 

Call Solutions

  32,681      32,681 

AdParlor

     9,316   9,316 

All Other(1)

     9,949   9,949 

Total Revenue

 $279,134  $19,265  $298,399 

 

(1)

 Balance is partially related to all of the commission revenues

 

(l) Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

 

Cost of revenue primarily includes media and related costs, which consist of the cost to acquire traffic through the purchase of impressions, clicks or actions from publishers or third-party intermediaries, such as advertising exchanges, and technology costs that enable media acquisition, or in the case of Commerce Media Solutions, the revenue share or per impression fees paid to media partners. The costs also include enablement costs associated with call centers and tracking costs for consumer data. These costs are used primarily to drive user traffic to the Company's and its clients' media properties. Cost of revenue additionally consists of indirect costs such as call center software, hosting, and fulfillment costs. Cost of revenue is presented exclusive of depreciation and amortization expenses.

 

(m) Advertising costs

 

Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, advertising costs, included in sales and marketing expenses, were $553 and $860, respectively.

 

(n) Share-based compensation

 

The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). Under ASC 718, for awards with time-based conditions, the Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and generally recognizes such costs on a straight-line basis over the period the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. For equity awards with market conditions, the Company recognizes costs on a straight-line basis, regardless of whether the market conditions are achieved and the awards ultimately vest. For equity awards with performance conditions, the Company begins recording share-based compensation when achievement of the performance criteria is probable using grant date fair value. For equity based awards settled in cash, we record the share-based compensation when achievement of the performance criteria is deemed probable adjusted for fair value at each reporting period. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

 

(o) Income taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the use of the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

 

The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates or laws is recognized in income in the period that the change in tax rates or laws is enacted. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized based on management's review of historical results and forecasts.

 

ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. This interpretation requires that an entity recognizes in its financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company’s accounting policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if and when required, as interest expense and a component of other expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.

 

(p) Income (loss) per share

 

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and restricted common stock that have vested but not been delivered during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and is calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options, RSUs, restricted stock, warrants (see Note 11Equity below), direct offering (see Note 11Equity below), deferred common stock, and unvested shares. Stock equivalent shares are excluded from the calculation in loss periods, as their effects would be anti-dilutive. 

 

(q) Segment data

 

The Company identifies operating segments as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and performance assessment. The Company defines the term "chief operating decision maker" or "CODM" to be its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined it has three operating segments and one reportable segment.

 

(r) Contingencies

 

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies that cover a range of matters. An estimated loss from a loss contingency, such as a legal proceeding or claim, is accrued if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining whether a loss should be accrued, the Company evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability and the ability to reasonably estimate the amount of any such loss.

 

(s) Recently issued and adopted accounting standards

 

Accounting pronouncements not listed below were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 

In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SECs Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiatives, which incorporates updates to the Codification to align with SEC Disclosure requirements in response to the August 2018 SEC Release No. 33-10532. The amendment updates and simplifies certain SEC disclosure requirements that were duplicative, overlapping, or outdated due to changes in other SEC requirements and in U.S. GAAP, International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), or the overall financial reporting environment. The new guidance is effective for each amendment only if the SEC removes the related disclosure of presentation requirements from its existing regulations by June 30, 2027. The guidance is to be applied prospectively, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the ASU on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

 

In  November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and an explanation of any additional measures the CODM uses in deciding how to allocate resources. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance was applied on a retrospective basis, with such disclosures made in regard to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company completed its assessment and concluded this update had no material impact on its consolidated financial statements, which it adopted as of December 31, 2024.

 

In  December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 470): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which are designed to increase the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures for financial statement users. The ASU follows investors' indication and request for enhanced tax disclosures in order to better assess an entity’s operations, related tax risks, jurisdictional tax exposures, and increase transparency regarding tax information through improvements to tax disclosures, specifically rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and unrecognized tax benefits and certain temporary differences. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

 

In  November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income StatementReporting Comprehensive IncomeExpense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires additional disclosures about a public business entity’s costs and expenses on the face of the financial statements. The ASU follows investor's requests for more detailed information and disclosures of disaggregated financial reporting information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions (such as cost of sales, selling, general, and administrative, and research and development), including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after  December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after  December 15, 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date, or retrospectively to any and all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.