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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period en ded September 30, 2024

| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to _________

Commission File Number: 001-41094

ROADZEN INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

British Virgin Islands |  | 98-1600102
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
111 Anza Blvd., Suite 109 Burlingame, California |  | 94010
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 650-414-3530

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share |  | RDZN |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants, each warrant exercisable for one Ordinary Share, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share |  | RDZNW |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 15 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 15 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☒
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 13, 2024, there were 68,440,829 Ordinary Shares, $0.0001 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements |  | Page |
PART I – Financial Information |  |  |
ITEM 1. |  | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 |  | 1 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 |  | 2 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 |  | 3 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' deficit |  | 4 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 |  | 5 |
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 6 |
ITEM 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 36 |
ITEM 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 51 |
ITEM 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 51 |
PART II- Other Information |  | 53 |
ITEM 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 53 |
ITEM 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 53 |
ITEM 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 53 |
ITEM 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 53 |
ITEM 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 53 |
ITEM 5. |  | Other Information |  | 53 |
ITEM 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 53 |
S IGNATURES |  |  |  |  |

i

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Throughout this section, references to "Roadzen," “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Roadzen Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries as the context so requires.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” and “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our strategy, expansion plans, future operations, future operating results, planned capital raises and balance sheet restructuring, estimated revenues (including from new contracts and joint ventures), losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, as well as all other statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors,” “Critical Accounting Estimates,” “Results of Operations,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings. We urge you to consider these factors, risks and uncertainties carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to our company or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. The forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

•
our ability to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability;
•
our ability to raise sufficient capital to support our operations and growth;
•
the fact that we may be unable to accurately predict our future capital needs, and we may not be able to obtain additional financing to fund our operations on favorable terms or at all;
•
substantial regulation and the potential for unfavorable changes to, or our failure to comply with, these regulations, which could substantially harm our business and operating results;
•
our management team’s limited experience managing a public company;
•
the risk that our significant increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations; and
•
the other factors set forth in “Risk Factors,” “Critical Accounting Estimates,” “Results of Operations,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in this Quarterly Report and our other SEC filings.

ii

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

I tem 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited):

Roadzen Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in $, except per share data and share count)

Particulars |  | As of September 30, |  | As of March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  | 2024 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 5,992,238 |  |  | 11,186,095 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 3,224,037 |  |  | 3,652,380 |
Inventories |  |  | 91,503 |  |  | 70,667 |
Prepayments and other current assets |  |  | 13,434,854 |  |  | 34,426,335 |
Investments |  |  | 270,743 |  |  | 507,094 |
Total current assets |  |  | 23,013,375 |  |  | 49,842,571 |
Non current assets |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash |  |  | 17,429 |  |  | 378,993 |
Non marketable securities |  |  | 1,514,796 |  |  | 1,514,796 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 348,746 |  |  | 454,589 |
Goodwill |  |  | 2,095,697 |  |  | 2,061,553 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 946,798 |  |  | 822,327 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 1,102,846 |  |  | 2,989,604 |
Other long-term assets |  |  | 97,880 |  |  | 71,913 |
Total assets |  |  | 29,137,567 |  |  | 58,136,346 |
Liabilities and stockholders' deficit |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term borrowings |  |  | 2,221,055 |  |  | 2,228,471 |
Short-term borrowings |  |  | 20,183,417 |  |  | 15,754,829 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 34,134,516 |  |  | 38,492,487 |
Derivative warrant liabilities |  |  | 1,704,695 |  |  | 5,585,955 |
Short-term operating lease liabilities |  |  | 397,957 |  |  | 358,802 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 2,368,722 |  |  | 3,231,962 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 61,010,362 |  |  | 65,652,506 |
Long-term borrowings |  |  | 1,331,088 |  |  | 1,472,933 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities |  |  | 379,697 |  |  | 268,856 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 699,949 |  |  | 1,241,917 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 63,421,096 |  |  | 68,636,212 |
Commitments and contingencies (refer note 23) |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' deficit |  |  |  |  |
Ordinary Shares and additional paid in capital, $0.0001 par value per share, 220,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30 2024 and March 31, 2024; 68,440,829 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 |  |  | 84,974,378 |  |  | 84,974,378 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (221,225,483 | ) |  | (151,008,419 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) |  |  | (1,075,917 | ) |  | (600,501 | )
Other components of equity |  |  | 103,537,962 |  |  | 56,560,706 |
Total shareholders’ deficit |  |  | (33,789,060 | ) |  | (10,073,836 | )
Non-controlling interest |  |  | (494,468 | ) |  | (426,030 | )
Total deficit |  |  | (34,283,528 | ) |  | (10,499,866 | )
Total liabilities and Shareholders’ deficit, Non-controlling interest |  |  | 29,137,567 |  |  | 58,136,346 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

1

Roadzen Inc.

Condensed Conso lidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(in $, except per share data and share count)

| For the three months ended September 30, |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, |
Particulars | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Revenue |  | 11,874,098 |  |  | 15,470,581 |  |  |  | 20,805,615 |  |  | 21,081,491 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services |  | 5,217,621 |  |  | 6,358,677 |  |  |  | 10,645,061 |  |  | 8,848,771 |
Research and development |  | 1,496,600 |  |  | 602,105 |  |  |  | 3,286,142 |  |  | 1,175,405 |
Sales and marketing |  | 8,076,959 |  |  | 10,059,347 |  |  |  | 13,879,257 |  |  | 13,526,403 |
General and administrative |  | 20,430,960 |  |  | 5,577,477 |  |  |  | 46,257,148 |  |  | 8,179,460 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 193,372 |  |  | 413,315 |  |  |  | 673,721 |  |  | 780,853 |
Total costs and expenses |  | 35,415,512 |  |  | 23,010,921 |  |  |  | 74,741,329 |  |  | 32,510,892 |
Loss from operations |  | (23,541,414 | ) |  | (7,540,340 | ) |  |  | (53,935,714 | ) |  | (11,429,401 | )
Interest income/(expense) |  | (626,834 | ) |  | (617,470 | ) |  |  | (1,448,520 | ) |  | (835,424 | )
Fair value gains/(losses) in financial instruments carried at fair value |  | (1,096,949 | ) |  | (23,590,000 | ) |  |  | (18,249,009 | ) |  | (23,590,000 | )
Other income/(expense) net |  | 3,252,528 |  |  | 637,492 |  |  |  | 3,274,880 |  |  | 699,922 |
Total other income/(expense) |  | 1,528,745 |  |  | (23,569,978 | ) |  |  | (16,422,649 | ) |  | (23,725,502 | )
(Loss)/Income before income tax expense |  | (22,012,669 | ) |  | (31,110,318 | ) |  |  | (70,358,363 | ) |  | (35,154,903 | )
Less: income tax (benefit)/expense |  | (181,264 | ) |  | 10,939 |  |  |  | (74,614 | ) |  | 33,350 |
Net (loss)/income before non-controlling interest |  | (21,831,405 | ) |  | (31,121,257 | ) |  |  | (70,283,749 | ) |  | (35,188,253 | )
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax |  | (21,366 | ) |  | (39,457 | ) |  |  | (66,685 | ) |  | (67,209 | )
Net (loss)/income attributable to Roadzen Inc. |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  |  | (70,217,064 | ) |  | (35,121,044 | )
Net (loss)/income attributable to Roadzen Inc. ordinary shareholders |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  |  | (70,217,064 | ) |  | (35,121,044 | )
Basic and diluted |  | (0.32 | ) |  | (1.40 | ) |  |  | (1.03 | ) |  | (1.81 | )
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share attributable to Roadzen Inc. ordinary shareholders |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 22,272,967 |  |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 19,387,476 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2

Roadzen Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(in $, except per share data and share count)

| For the three months ended September 30, |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Net (loss)/income |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  |  | (70,217,064 | ) |  | (35,121,044 | )
Net loss per share attributable to Roadzen Inc. common stockholders |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  |  | (70,217,064 | ) |  | (35,121,044 | )
Basic and diluted |  | (0.32 | ) |  | (1.40 | ) |  |  | (1.03 | ) |  | (1.81 | )
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share attributable to Roadzen Inc. common stockholders |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 22,272,967 |  |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 19,387,476 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in foreign currency translation reserve |  | 95,693 |  |  | 342,364 |  |  |  | (192,572 | ) |  | 303,400 |
Less: changes in foreign currency translation reserve attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 1,913 |  |  | 3,475 |  |  |  | (1,754 | ) |  | 49 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Roadzen Inc. ordinary shareholders |  | 93,780 |  |  | 338,889 |  |  |  | (190,818 | ) |  | 303,351 |
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Roadzen Inc. ordinary shareholders |  | (21,716,259 | ) |  | (30,742,911 | ) |  |  | (70,407,882 | ) |  | (34,817,693 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

Roadzen Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' deficit (Unaudited)

(in $, except per share data and share count)

|  |  |  |  | Shareholders' deficit |
| Convertible preferred stock |  | Ordinary shares and additional paid in capital |  | Accumulated |  | Debenture Redemption |  | Stock based compensation |  | Accumulated other comprehensive |  | Total shareholders' |
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | deficit |  | Reserve |  |  |  | loss |  | deficit |
Balance as of April 1, 2023 |  | 1,465,100 |  |  | 48,274,279 |  |  | 606,425 |  |  | 303,213 |  |  | (51,448,299 | ) |  | 366,786 |  |  | — |  |  | (66,903 | ) |  | (50,845,203 | )
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 3) |  | 38,403,073 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,895,559 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance as of April 1, 2023 |  | 39,868,173 |  |  | 48,274,279 |  |  | 16,501,984 |  |  | 303,213 |  |  | (51,448,299 | ) |  | 366,786 |  |  | — |  |  | (66,903 | ) |  | (50,845,203 | )
Issuance of Series A1 stock during the period through rights issue |  | 780,410 |  |  | 4,445,027 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuance of Series A1 stock during the period through conversion of loan |  | 467,446 |  |  | 2,662,590 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net profit attributable to common stockholders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,039,244 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,039,244 | )
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35,538 | ) |  | (35,538 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |  | 41,116,029 |  |  | 55,381,896 |  |  | 16,501,984 |  |  | 303,213 |  |  | (55,487,543 | ) |  | 366,786 |  |  | — |  |  | (102,441 | ) |  | (54,919,985 | )
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issuance of Series A1 stock during the period through rights issue |  | 778,506 |  |  | 4,434,382 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Movement attributable to stock based Compensation Reserve |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,526,209 |  |  |  |  | 3,526,209 |
Net profit attributable to common stockholders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (31,081,800 | )
Impact of issuance/repayment of debenture |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,112 |  |  | (45,112 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 338,889 |  |  | 338,889 |
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock upon Business Combination |  | (41,894,535 | ) |  | (59,816,278 | ) |  | 41,894,536 |  |  | 59,816,278 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59,816,278 |
Issuance of common stock upon Business Combination |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,044,309 |  |  | 24,860,834 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,860,834 |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 84,980,325 |  |  | (86,524,231 | ) |  | 321,674 |  |  | 3,526,209 |  |  | 236,448 |  |  | 2,540,425 |
Balance as of April 1, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 84,974,378 |  |  | (151,008,419 | ) |  | 257,571 |  |  | 56,303,135 |  |  | (600,501 | ) |  | (10,073,836 | )
Movement attributable to stock based Compensation Reserve |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26,230,989 |  |  |  |  | 26,230,989 |
Net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,407,025 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,407,025 | )
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | - |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (284,598 | ) |  | (284,598 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 84,974,378 |  |  | (199,415,444 | ) |  | 257,571 |  |  | 82,534,124 |  |  | (885,099 | ) |  | (32,534,470 | )
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Movement attributable to stock based Compensation Reserve |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,746,267 |  |  |  |  | 20,746,267 |
Net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,810,039 | )
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | - |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (190,818 | ) |  | (190,818 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  | 84,974,378 |  |  | (221,225,483 | ) |  | 257,571 |  |  | 103,280,391 |  |  | (1,075,917 | ) |  | (33,789,060 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

Roadzen Inc.

Condensed Consolidat ed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in $)

|  | For the period ended |
Particulars |  | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net loss including non controlling interest |  |  | (70,283,749 | ) |  | (35,188,253 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 673,721 |  |  | 780,853 |
Stock based compensation |  |  | 46,977,256 |  |  | 3,526,209 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (223,516 | ) |  | 79,094 |
Unrealised foreign exchange loss/(profit) |  |  | 101,374 |  |  | (28,884 | )
Fair value losses in financial instruments carried at fair value |  |  | 18,249,009 |  |  | 23,590,000 |
Expected credit loss (net of reversal) |  |  | (112,451 | ) |  | 171,946 |
Balances written off/(back) |  |  | (3,200,441 | ) |  | (1,609 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  | (20,836 | ) |  | (73,732 | )
Income taxes, net |  |  | - |  |  | 19,297 |
Accounts receivables, net |  |  | 380,405 |  |  | 4,352,472 |
Prepayments and other assets |  |  | 2,018,036 |  |  | (30,343,651 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | (1,554,615 | ) |  | 19,106,908 |
Other liabilities |  |  | (4,255,358 | ) |  | (1,118,459 | )
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (11,251,165 | ) |  | (15,127,809 | )
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill |  |  | 39,443 |  |  | (136,220 | )
Acquisition of businesses |  |  | - |  |  | (5,748,000 | )
Proceeds from sale of mutual fund |  |  | 193,606 |  |  | - |
Proceeds from forward purchase agreement |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  | - |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | 1,233,049 |  |  | (5,884,220 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from business combination |  |  | - |  |  | 32,770 |
Proceeds from issue of preferred stock |  |  | - |  |  | 6,079,409 |
Proceeds from long-term borrowings |  |  | - |  |  | 2,805,418 |
Repayments of long-term borrowings |  |  | - |  |  | (569,207 | )
Net proceeds/(payments) from short-term borrowings |  |  | 4,460,327 |  |  | 9,218,689 |
Repayments from short-term borrowings |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Net cash generated from financing activities |  |  | 4,460,327 |  |  | 17,567,079 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 2,368 |  |  | 56,372 |
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash) |  |  | (5,555,421 | ) |  | (3,388,578 | )
Cash acquired in business combination |  |  | - |  |  | 11,252,547 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period (including restricted cash) |  |  | 11,565,088 |  |  | 1,131,830 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period (including restricted cash) |  |  | 6,009,667 |  |  | 8,995,799 |
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 5,992,238 |  |  | 8,109,694 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 17,429 |  |  | 886,105 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 6,009,667 |  |  | 8,995,799 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized |  |  | 885,011 |  |  | 378,064 |
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds |  |  | - |  |  | 83,680 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Consideration payable in connection with acquisitions |  |  | 488,000 |  |  | 1,854,732 |
Interest accrued on borrowings |  |  | 317,597 |  |  | 157,649 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

Roadzen Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

(in USD)

1. Reorgan ization and description of business

Roadzen Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company (the “Parent Company”, formerly known as Vahanna Tech Edge Acquisition I Corp; and sometimes referred to in this filing as "Vahanna") has subsidiaries located in India, the United States and the United Kingdom. The Company is a leading Insurtech platform and provides solutions in relation to insurance products, including distribution, pre-inspection assistance, telematics, claims submission and administration, and roadside assistance. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Roadzen Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "Roadzen" or the "Company”).

Merger agreement

On September 20, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), Vahanna, Roadzen, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Roadzen (DE)”), and Vahanna Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Vahanna (“Merger Sub”), consummated the Business Combination (as defined below) pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 10, 2023, by and among Vahanna, Roadzen (DE) and Merger Sub, as amended by the First Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated June 29, 2023 (as so ammended, the “Merger Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Roadzen (DE), with Roadzen (DE) surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Vahanna (the “Merger,” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the other agreements contemplated thereby, the “Business Combination”).

In connection with the Closing (as defined below), and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, equity interests in Vahanna and Roadzen (DE) were converted into ordinary shares of Parent Company, $0.0001 par value ("Ordinary Shares") as follows: (i) each outstanding share of common stock of Roadzen (DE) including shares of common stock issued upon conversion of each outstanding share of Roadzen (DE)’s convertible preferred stock, was cancelled and converted into 27.21 Ordinary Shares, (ii) each restricted stock unit of Roadzen (DE) (“Roadzen (DE) RSU”) was assumed and converted into the right to receive 27.21 restricted stock units of the Parent Company (each, a “RDZN RSU”) and were assumed as Substitute Awards under the Roadzen Inc. 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan, (iii) each equity security of Roadzen (DE) other than Roadzen (DE) common stock and Roadzen (DE) RSUs (each, a “Roadzen (DE) Additional Security”) was assumed and converted into the right to receive equity interests that may vest, settle, convert or be exercised into 27.21 Ordinary Shares, (iv) each share of common stock of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Closing was cancelled, retired and ceased to exist, and (v) each ordinary share of Vahanna (each, a “Vahanna Ordinary Share”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Closing and not redeemed in connection with the Redemption (as defined below) remained outstanding and is now one Ordinary Share.

Further, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), Vahanna changed its name to “Roadzen Inc.”. Beginning on September 21, 2023, the Company’s Ordinary Shares and warrants trade on the Nasdaq Global Market and Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “RDZN” and “RDZNW” respectively.

The Company determined that Roadzen (DE) was the accounting acquirer in the Business Combination based on an analysis of the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification 805. The determination was primarily based on the following facts:

- Roadzen (DE) stockholders having a controlling voting interest in the Company;

- Roadzen (DE) existing management team serving as the initial management team of the Company and holding a majority of the initial board of directors of the Company;

- Roadzen (DE) management continuing to hold executive management roles for the post-combination company and being responsible for the day-to-day operations; and

- Roadzen (DE) operations comprising the ongoing operations of the Company.

Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Roadzen (DE) issuing stock for the net assets of Vahanna, accompanied by a recapitalization. The primary assets acquired from Vahanna related to cash amounts and a forward purchase agreement ("FPA") that was assumed at fair value upon closing of the Business Combination. No goodwill or other intangible assets were recorded as a result of the Business Combination.

While Vahanna was the legal acquirer in the Business Combination, because Roadzen (DE) was deemed the accounting acquirer, the historical financial statements of Roadzen (DE) became the historical financial statements of the combined company upon the

6

consummation of the Business Combination. As a result, the financial statements reflect (i) the historical operating results of Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of Vahanna and Roadzen (DE) following the closing of the Business Combination; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Roadzen (DE) at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.

In accordance with guidance applicable to these circumstances, the equity structure has been retroactively restated in all comparative periods up to the Closing Date, to reflect the number of Ordinary Shares issued to Roadzen (DE) common shareholders, Roadzen (DE) convertible preferred shareholders and holders of Vahanna ordinary shares not redeemed in connection with the Redemption. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to Roadzen (DE) convertible preferred stock, the common stock of Roadzen (DE) and Vahanna Ordinary Shares not redeemed in connection with the Redemption prior to the Business Combination have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

a)
Basis of presentation and consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the periods presented.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and reflect the financial statements of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an investee but exerts significant influence over the investee, the Company applies the equity method of accounting.

b)
Liquidity and going concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern.

The Company has experienced operating losses in current and preceding periods. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company also has negative operating cash flows and negative working capital position. These events among others, raise substantial doubt over the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. The Company expects to have ongoing requirements for capital investment to implement its business plans to achieve revenue growth forecast, control operating costs, and meet cash flow requirements. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon, among other things, the Company's mitigation plan to (i) raise additional funds from existing or new credit facilities (ii) receive funds by raising additional share capital and/or (iii) re-structure existing liabilities.

The Company has undertaken multiple initiatives to achieve these goals, including agreeing the terms to convert certain liabilities into equity and working to restructure and convert other current liabilities into equity or long-term notes. The Company has also filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with SEC and is pursuing potential financing opportunities. The Company’s plans may change as a result of many factors currently unknown.

The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

c)
Use of estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, which affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumptions which management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and underlying assumptions, including those related to the allowance for accounts receivables, fair values of financial instruments, measurement of defined benefit obligations, impairment of non-financial assets, useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, income taxes, certain deferred tax assets and tax liabilities, and other contingent liabilities. Although these estimates are inherently subject to judgment and actual results could differ from those estimates, management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are reasonable.

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Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

d)
Reclassifications

During the six month ended September 30, 2024, the Company has reclassified certain expenses related to its India brokerage operations to better align with their true nature and industry practice. These expenses, initially categorized under Cost of Services, have been reclassified to Sales & Marketing expenses during the current quarter. This reclassification is based on the recognition that these costs are primarily associated with marketing and sales efforts, including advertising, promotions, and customer acquisition, which more accurately reflect the Company's efforts to drive revenue.

To maintain consistency and comparability, the Company has also adjusted the comparative financial statements of prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. Accordingly, the Company has reclassified $1,029,330 from Cost of Services to Sales & Marketing in the six month ended September 30, 2024 and $192,285 in the six month ended September 30, 2023.

This reclassification impacts the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, where these expenses are now reported under Sales & Marketing instead of Cost of Services. This reclassification does not affect the Company's net income or loss, nor does it alter the figures presented in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, or Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Deficit. The change ensures that the financial statements provide a clearer and more accurate view of the Company's cost structure.

e)
Revenue

Revenues consist primarily of revenue from:

| ‑ | insurance policy distribution in the form of commissions, brokerage, underwriting and other fees; and
| ‑ | insurance support services comprised of pre-inspection and risk assessment, roadside assistance, extended warranty, and claim processing using the Company’s IaaS platform.

The Company recognizes revenue at the time of transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenues cannot be recognized until the performance obligation(s) are satisfied and control is transferred to the customer.

Income from distribution of insurance policies

Insurance policy distribution and brokerage income:

The Company enters into contracts with insurance companies for the purpose of distributing insurance products to end consumers. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to sell insurance policies to earn commissions, brokerage and other fees. Revenue from distribution services is recognized at a point in time when the related services are rendered as per the terms of the agreement with customers. Revenue is disclosed net of the Goods and Service tax charged on such services.

Distribution fee from underwriting and pricing:

The Company enters into contracts with insurance companies for the purpose of underwriting insurance products for the automotive segment including its pricing on behalf of insurers. The risk of underwriting the insurance contract is covered by the insurer and thus the Company is considered as an agent for the purpose of recognizing revenue. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to underwrite and price the policies. The Company generates underwriting fees termed as Managing General Agent fees (MGA fees) on provision of those services. The underwriting fees are determined as a percentage of net insurance premiums payable to the insurer (net of all commissions, royalties, and administration fees). Revenue from underwriting and pricing is recognized upfront based on the point in time i.e., at the time the policy is issued to the customer.

IaaS platform enabled services:

Roadside assistance and extended warranty income:

The Company enters into contracts with insurance companies and other subscribers in order to provide roadside assistance services and extended warranty services to their policyholders/subscribers. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to provide roadside assistance and extended warranty services as a stand ready obligation. The Company is the primary obligor in these transactions and has latitude in establishing prices and selecting and contracting with suppliers, and is accordingly considered as principal

8

for the purpose of recognizing gross revenue. Revenue from roadside assistance and extended warranty services is recorded over the tenure of contract which is usually one year.

Inspection income:

The Company enters into contracts with insurance companies to inspect vehicles for accident claims made by their policyholders. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to inspect and assist in assessing claims for and on behalf of the customers, i.e. the insurance companies. The Company engages with multiple vendors to provide these services in different geographies. The Company is the primary obligor in the transaction and has latitude in establishing prices, and selecting and contracting with suppliers, and is accordingly considered as principal for the purpose of recognizing revenue. Revenue from inspection and risk assessment is recorded when the inspections are conducted.

Administration fee from insurance support and service plan administration:

The Company enters into contracts with insurance companies to provide insurance support services which includes premium collection, policy administration, claims handling and processing, customer service, updating customer files, etc., to provide better customer experience for the policyholders/subscribers. Revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligations are satisfied through effort expended to research, investigate, evaluate, document and process claims, and control of these services are transferred to customers/insurance companies. The Company’s obligation to manage and process the claims under insurance support services can range from one to seven years. The Company receives administration fees from its customers at inception of the contract prior to completion of transferring the services to the customer.

The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to provide the above services as a stand ready obligation. The obligation to provide insurance services lies with the insurer and the Company has no interest other than receiving the commission/management fee retained. The Company provides the above services on behalf of the insurance companies and is accordingly considered as an agent for the purpose of recognizing revenue.

The Company enters into contracts with Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs") primarily to administer the service plans/extended warranty schemes launched by OEMs. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to administer these programs. The Company acts on behalf of the OEMs and is accordingly considered as an agent for the purpose of recognizing revenue, as the primary obligation to fulfill the service/extended warranty schemes belongs to the OEMs. The administration fees received from the provision of service plan administration is recorded ratably over the tenure of contract which usually ranges from one to seven years.

f)
Contract assets and liabilities

A contract asset (unbilled revenue) is the right to receive consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognized for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Contract liabilities consist of amounts paid by the Company’s customers for which the associated performance obligations have not been satisfied and revenue has not been recognized based on the Company’s revenue recognition criteria described above.

Contract liabilities are classified as current in the consolidated balance sheet when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur within one year of the balance sheet date and as long-term when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur in more than one year from the balance sheet date.

g)
Cost of services

The cost of services for the Company's distribution business includes employee related expenses directly involved in generating and servicing revenue and other direct expenses related to facilities.

For the Company's IaaS platform-based services cost of revenue primarily consists of direct costs incurred for delivering the services to customers and the cost of onsite engineering support for roadside assistance, employee related expenses, risk assessment expenses and other direct expenses. Amounts incurred towards vendors/suppliers for inspections and roadside assistance also form part of direct cost. Cost of services also includes cost of telematics devices sold through different subscription or upfront sale model.

Cost of services are recognized as they are incurred.

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h)
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents primarily represent cash balances in current bank accounts. The Company considers all short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents.

i)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash and cash equivalents are pledged as security for contractual arrangements. Restricted cash and cash equivalents are classified as current and noncurrent assets based on the term of the remaining restriction. The reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents to the consolidated balance sheets amounts are as follows:

|  |  | September 30, 2024 |  |  |  | March 31, 2024 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 5,992,238 |  |  | $ | 11,186,095 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents—current |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents—non-current |  | $ | 17,429 |  |  | $ | 378,993 |

j)
Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk are reflected principally in cash and cash equivalents, investment in equity securities and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents and funds with banks that have high credit ratings, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one bank and conducts ongoing evaluations of the creditworthiness of the corporations and banks with which it does business. The Company holds cash and cash equivalent concentrations in financial institutions around the world in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses to date related to these concentrations.

k)
Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivables are recorded at invoice value, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. On a periodic basis, management evaluates its accounts receivable and determines whether to provide an allowance or if any accounts should be written off based on a past history of write-offs, collections, and current credit conditions. A receivable is considered past due if the Company has not received payments based on agreed-upon terms.

l)
Property and equipment

Property and equipment represents the costs of furniture and fixtures, office and computer equipment, and leasehold improvements. Property and equipment cost also includes any costs necessarily incurred to bring assets to the condition and location necessary for its intended use. Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Depreciation is calculated using declining balance method over the assets’ estimated useful lives as follows:

Assets |  | Useful lives
Office and electrical equipment |  | 3-5 years
Computers |  | 3 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 10 years

Leasehold improvements related to office facilities are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvement.

The Company reviews the remaining estimated useful lives of its property and equipment on an ongoing basis. Management is required to use judgment in determining the estimated useful lives of such assets. Changes in circumstances such as technological advances, changes to the Company’s business model, changes in the Company’s business strategy, or changes in the planned use of property and equipment could result in the actual useful lives differing from the Company’s current estimates. In cases where the Company determines that the estimated useful life of property and equipment should be shortened or extended, the Company would apply the new estimated useful life prospectively.

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not

10

be recoverable.

Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in operating expenses.

m)
Intangible assets, net (including intangibles under development)

The Company capitalizes costs incurred on its internal-use software during the application development stage as intangibles under development. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Once the developed software is available for intended use, capitalization ceases, and the Company estimates the useful life of the asset and begins amortization.

Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years and up to eleven.

The Company evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.

n)
Leases

The Company accounts for leases in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”). The Company elected the “package of practical expedients,” which permits us not to reassess under ASC 842 our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company made a policy election not to separate non-lease components from lease components, therefore, the Company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify.

The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception of the arrangement based on whether the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of an identified asset and whether it has the right to direct the use of an identified asset in exchange for consideration, which relates to an asset which the Company does not own. Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are recognized as the lease liability, adjusted for lease incentives received. Lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”), because the interest rate implicit in most of its leases is not readily determinable. The IBR is a hypothetical rate based on our understanding of what the Company’s credit rating would be to borrow and resulting interest it would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment over the lease term on a collateralized basis. Lease payments may be fixed or variable; however, only fixed payments or in-substance fixed payments are included in the Company’s lease liability calculation. Variable lease payments may include costs such as common area maintenance, utilities, real estate taxes or other costs. Variable lease payments are recognized in operating expenses in the period in which the obligation for those payments are incurred.

Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, short-term operating lease liabilities, current and long-term operating lease liabilities, non-current on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. For operating leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis in operations over the lease term. For finance leases, lease expense is recognized as depreciation and interest; depreciation on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest using the effective interest method.

o)
Fair value measurements and financial instruments

The Company holds financial instruments that are measured and disclosed at fair value. Fair value is determined in accordance with a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs and assumptions used, and the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described as follows:

| Level 1 inputs: | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.
| Level 2 inputs: | Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
| Level 3 inputs: | Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

11

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The Company establishes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and established a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value. The recorded amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

p)
Business combination

The Company accounts for an acquisition as a business combination if the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction constitute a business in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 "Business Combinations." Such acquisitions are accounted using the acquisition method i.e., by recognizing the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired business, measured at their acquisition date fair values. Where the set of assets acquired and liabilities assumed do not constitute a business, it is accounted for as an asset acquisition where the individual assets and liabilities are recorded at their respective relative fair values corresponding to the consideration transferred.

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q)
Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business acquisitions accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and is not amortized. Goodwill is measured and tested for impairment on an annual basis in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such events and changes may include: significant changes in performance related to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, significant negative industry or economic trends, and changes in our business strategy.

The Company's test for goodwill impairment starts with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If qualitative factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. For the purposes of impairment testing, the Company determined that it has only one reporting unit.

r)
Foreign currency

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are reported in U.S. Dollars ("USD"), the Parent Company’s functional currency. The functional currency for the Company’s subsidiaries in India, is the Indian Rupee ("INR"), the functional currency of the Company's subsidiary in the United Kingdom is the British Pound Sterling ("GBP"). The translation of the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries into USD is performed for balance sheet accounts using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date and for revenues and expense accounts using an average exchange rate prevailing during the respective period. The gains or losses resulting from such translation are reported as currency translation adjustments ("CTA") under other comprehensive income/loss, or under accumulated other comprehensive income/loss as a separate component of equity.

Monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiary’s functional currency are translated into their respective functional currency at the rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date. Transactions of the Company and its subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiary’s functional currency are translated into the respective functional currencies at the average exchange rate prevailing during the period of the transaction. The gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

s)
Employee benefit plans

Contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to consolidated statements of operations in the period in which services are rendered by the covered employees. Current service costs for defined benefit plans are accrued in the period to which they relate. The liability from defined benefit plans is calculated annually by the Company using the projected unit credit method. Prior service cost, if any, resulting from an amendment to a plan is recognized and amortized over the remaining period of service of the covered employees.

The Company records annual amounts relating to its defined benefit plans based on calculations that incorporate various actuarial and other assumptions, including discount rates, mortality, future compensation increases and attrition rates. The Company reviews its assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is appropriate to do so. The effect of modifications to those assumptions is recorded in its entirety immediately. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording its obligations under its plans are reasonable based on its experience and market conditions.

t)
Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method (FIFO) for all inventories.

u)
Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In estimating future tax consequences, generally all expected future events other than enactments or changes in the tax law or rates are considered.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in tax positions recognized in the consolidated financial statements by recognizing a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized.

13

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their tax bases and for all operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the applicable tax law.

The Company regularly reviews the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and tax planning strategies. The Company’s judgment regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute the business plans and/or tax planning strategies. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the Company’s income tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed.

v)
Income/loss per share attributable to common shareholders

The Company computes net income (loss) per share using the two-class method required for participating securities. The two-class method requires income available to holders of Ordinary Share for the period to be allocated between Ordinary Shares and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. For the reclassified periods prior to the Business Combination, the Roadzen (DE) convertible preferred stock is a participating security because holders of such shares have dividend rights in the event that a cash dividend was declared on the common stock of Roadzen (DE) at an amount equal to dividend paid on each share of Roadzen (DE) common stock. The convertible notes of Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination and of the Company at and subsequent to the Business Combination are not considered participating securities. The holders of the convertible preferred stock in Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination would have been would be entitled to dividends in preference to shareholders of Roadzen (DE) common stock, at specified rates, if declared. Then any remaining earnings would be distributed to the holders of Roadzen (DE) common stock and convertible preferred stock on a pro-rata basis assuming conversion of all convertible preferred stock into common stock of Roadzen (DE).

Basic net income/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income/(loss) attributable to Ordinary Shares or, pre-Business Combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE) by the weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares or, pre-Business Combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE), outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income/(loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income/(loss) attributable to Ordinary Shares or, pre-Business Combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE), by the weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares or, pre-Business Combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE), and potentially dilutive securities that could have been outstanding for the period.

w)
Investments

Equity securities

Equity investments with a readily determinable fair value, other than equity method investments, are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value, are measured at cost, less any impairment.

x)
Commitments and contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Recoveries of environmental remediation costs from third parties that are probable of realization are separately recorded as assets and are not offset against the related environmental liability.

y)
Expenses

Set forth below is a brief description of the components of the Company’s expenses:

i.
Sales, marketing and business development expense

Sales expenses includes costs related to brokerage income which is derived from sale of insurance policies such as broker expenses, cost of sales, promotion expense, and travel and entertainment expenses. Broker expense is the compensation paid

14

to our channel partners when an insurance policy is written through a broker relationship. This function also includes expenses incurred directly or indirectly for selling and marketing a product or service and costs spent on/by personnel employed under the sales or marketing departments and share based compensation expenses. These expenses also include marketing efforts made by the Company to expand its market reach for distributing insurance policies. The expenses include advertisements through different mediums to reach end customers of insurance policies to enhance awareness and educate end customers.

ii.
General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses include personnel costs for corporate, finance, legal and other support staff, including bonus and share based compensation expenses, professional fees, allowance for doubtful accounts and other corporate expenses.

iii.
Research and development expense

Research and development expense consists of personnel costs incurred by the technology development team, subscription costs and other costs associated with ongoing improvements to and maintenance of internally developed software, share based compensation expenses and allocation of certain corporate costs.

z)
Recently issued accounting pronouncements and not yet adopted

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards and to adopt certain of the reduced disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies. As a result of the accounting standards election, the Company will not be subject to the same implementation timeline for new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies which may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements to those of other public companies more difficult.

i.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity," which signifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liability and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity's own equity. The standard reduces the number of models used to account for convertible instruments, removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and requires the if-converted method for calculation of diluted earnings per share for all convertible instruments. The ASU is effective for the Company for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.
ii.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (Topic 805). This ASU requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) from acquired contracts using the revenue recognition guidance in Topic 606. At the acquisition date, the acquirer applies the revenue model as if it had originated the acquired contracts. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the ASU should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is also permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If early adopted, the amendments are applied retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurred during the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.
iii.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. It requires a public entity to disclose the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this ASU retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.
iv.
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which provides for additional disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to annually disclose the income tax rate reconciliation using both amounts and

15

percentages, considering several categories of reconciling items, including state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, tax credits and nontaxable or nondeductible items, among others. Disclosure of the reconciling items is subject to a quantitative threshold and disaggregation by nature and jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose net income taxes paid or received to federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, as well as by individual jurisdiction, subject to a five percent quantitative threshold. ASU 2023 -09 may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.

aa)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Accounting Standards Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets by requiring an allowance to be recorded as an offset to the amortized cost of such assets. The standard primarily impacts the amortized cost of the Company's available-for-sale debt securities. The Company adopted this standard, which did not result in a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Balances with banks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In current accounts |  |  |  |  |  | 5,979,397 |  |  |  | 11,183,189 |
Cash in hand |  |  |  |  |  | 12,841 |  |  |  | 2,906 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 5,992,238 |  |  |  | 11,186,095 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (non - current) |  |  |  |  |  | 17,429 |  |  |  | 378,993 |

4. Accounts receivables, net

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Accounts receivable |  |  |  |  |  | 3,556,244 |  |  |  | 3,997,591 |
Less: allowance for credit losses |  |  |  |  |  | (332,207 | ) |  |  | (345,211 | )
Accounts receivable, net |  |  |  |  |  | 3,224,037 |  |  |  | 3,652,380 |

The following table provides details of the Company's allowance for credit accounts:

Balance, beginning of period |  |  |  |  |  | 345,211 |  |  |  | 13,726 |
Additions charged |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 301,309 |
Existing allowance in acquired entities |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,902 |
Reversal of existing allowance |  |  |  |  |  | (13,004 | ) |  |  | — |
Effect of exchange rate changes |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,726 | )
Balance, end of period |  |  |  |  |  | 332,207 |  |  |  | 345,211 |

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5. Prepayments and other current assets

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Balance with statutory authorities |  |  |  |  |  | 2,145,027 |  |  |  | 1,462,119 |
Unbilled revenue |  |  |  |  |  | 3,112,407 |  |  |  | 1,821,134 |
Advances given (net of doubtful advances of $2,288,182 as of September 30, 2024 and $2,299,569 as of March 31, 2024) |  |  | 1,903,530 |  |  |  | 672,716 |
Other receivables (net of doubtful receivables of $2,800,000 as of September 30 2024 and $2,800,000 as of March 31, 2024) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,829 |
Prepayments |  |  |  |  |  | 699,436 |  |  |  | 1,613,407 |
Forward purchase agreement |  |  |  |  |  | 5,506,801 |  |  |  | 28,784,993 |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  | 67,653 |  |  |  | 65,137 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 13,434,854 |  |  |  | 34,426,335 |

i) Advances given include:

a)
$1,207,017 and $244,087 of advances to suppliers as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
b)
$246,277 and $119,220 of advances to employees as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. Advances to employees include related party balances of $82,876 and $54,082 as of September 30, 2024 and as of March 31, 2024 respectively.
c)
$2,042,459 in advances were extended to Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited, FA Events & Media Private Limited, and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited. However, due to a loss of control over these entities during the previous year, the Company is doubtful on the recovery of these advances and has consequently created a provision.

ii) Other receivables includes a provision of $2,800,000 created against amount to be received from a subscriber on account of issuance of preferred stock of Roadzen (DE) during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 which was converted to ordinary shares upon business combination.

iii) Forward purchase agreement

On August 25 2023, Vahanna entered into an agreement with (i) Meteora Capital Partners, LP (“MCP”), (ii) Meteora Select Trading Opportunities Master, LP (“MSTO”), and (iii) Meteora Strategic Capital, LLC (“MSC” and, collectively with MCP and MSTO, “Seller”) (the “Forward Purchase Agreement" or "FPA”) for OTC Equity Prepaid Forward Transactions. Vahanna is referred to as the “Counterparty” prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, while the Parent Company is referred to as the “Counterparty” after the consummation of the Business Combination.

The Forward Purchase Agreement represents the recognition of the cash payments to the Seller of $44.4 million (including prepayment of $44.39 million and the reimbursable transaction cost of $0.05 million) and the Forward Purchase agreement with regard to 3,440,791 shares (recycled shares) and 702,255 shares (FPA subscription shares).The fair value of the Forward Purchase agreement is comprised of the Prepayment Amount (as defined in the FPA, $44.4 million) and is reduced by the economics of the downside provided to the Sellers ($38.9 million) and the estimated consideration payment at the Cash Settlement Payment Date ($5.5 million). During the six months ended September 30, 2024, an additional $1 million was received from the Seller, bringing the total cash receipts to $4.8 million. The Forward Purchase Agreement asset was adjusted as a result, and will continue to be re-measured at fair value in future periods. The Forward purchase agreement are treated as a Financial Instrument and revalued at each reporting date with the corresponding earnings (loss) reflected in the consolidated statements of operations as a change in fair value of the Forward Purchase Agreement.

Assumptions used in calculating estimated fair value of the Forward Purchase Agreement as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:

Volatility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60.51 | %
Risk-free rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.79 | %
Dividend yield |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.00 | %
Strike price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.77 |
Remaining term (years) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.50 year |

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6. Non-marketable securities

a)
Moonshot - Internet SAS ("Moonshot")

Roadzen (DE) invested $2,410,000 representing 6.68% equity stake in Moonshot - Internet SAS, a simplified Joint Stock Company existing under the laws of France, which is a subsidiary of Société Générale. Moonshot is an InsurTech company, registered as an insurance broker, which specializes in usage-based insurance products and services dedicated to E-Commerce. Roadzen (DE) has a representative on the board of directors of Moonshot, however the investment of 6.68% does not give Roadzen (DE) the ability to significantly influence the operating and financial policies of Moonshot, since majority ownership of Moonshot is concentrated with a single shareholder. Therefore, Roadzen (DE) uses the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values for its investment in Moonshot. The Company carries this investment at cost, less impairment.

b)
Daokang (Beijing) Data Science Company Ltd. ("Daokang")

Roadzen (DE) entered into a joint venture contract with WI Harper VIII LLP and Shangrao Langtai Daokang Information Technology Co. Ltd. and invested an amount of $2,500,030 (representing a 34.5% equity interest) of Daokang. Despite its significant equity interest in Daokang, Roadzen (DE) has attempted but has not been able to obtain adequate financial information as per USGAAP to apply equity method. Roadzen (DE), therefore, was unable to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Daokang. Accordingly, Roadzen (DE) used the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values for its investment in Daokang. The Company carries this investment at cost, less impairment.

The Company evaluates its non-marketable equity securities for impairment in each reporting period based on a qualitative assessment that considers various potential impairment indicators. This evaluation consists of several factors including, but not limited to, an assessment of significant adverse change in the economic environment, significant adverse changes in the general market condition of the geographies and industries in which our investees operate, and other available financial information as per the local reporting requirements applicable to the relevant jurisdictions that affects the value of our non-marketable equity securities. Based on such assessment, the Company has created an impairment of $2,140,530 for Moonshot - Internet SAS and $1,254,704 for Daokang (Beijing) Data Science Company Ltd.

7. Property and equipment, n et

The components of property and equipment, net were as follows:

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Computers |  |  |  |  |  | 725,138 |  |  |  | 660,504 |
Office equipment |  |  |  |  |  | 332,152 |  |  |  | 422,046 |
Furniture & fixtures |  |  |  |  |  | 289,484 |  |  |  | 162,851 |
Electrical equipment |  |  |  |  |  | 30,941 |  |  |  | 30,972 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  |  |  |  | 31,632 |  |  |  | 31,736 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | 1,409,347 |  |  |  | 1,308,109 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  |  |  |  | (1,060,601 | ) |  |  | (853,520 | )
Property and equipment, net |  |  |  |  |  | 348,746 |  |  |  | 454,589 |

The Company capitalized $101,238 (net of disposal, transfer and CTA impact of nil, $103,210 and $ (1,387) respectively) and capitalized $687,130 (net of disposal and CTA impact of $106 and $(1,180), respectively) for the period ended September 30, 2024 and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 respectively, of which $396,123 is related to acquisition of FA Premium Insurance Broking Pvt. Ltd., Global Insurance Management Limited and National Automobile Club for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company ceased to hold board control over Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited and FA Events & Media Private Limited with effect from October 1, 2023 and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited with effect from January 1, 2024, as a result property and equipment worth $73,641 has been derecognized. The Company capitalized $15,762 and $28,008 towards computers for the six month period ended September 30, 2024 and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, respectively. Depreciation expense relating to property and equipment amounted to $54,453 and $152,113 for the six month period ended September 30, 2024 and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 respectively out of which $17,377 and $77,422 relate to computers for the six month period ended September 30, 2024 and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 respectively.

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8. Intangible assets, net

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Software for internal use |  |  |  |  |  | 8,295,276 |  |  |  | 8,583,145 |
Customer contracts - (refer note 19) |  |  |  |  |  | 1,209,556 |  |  |  | 2,299,835 |
Intangible assets under development |  |  |  |  |  | 568,195 |  |  |  | 439,374 |
Intellectual property |  |  |  |  |  | 158,798 |  |  |  | 153,487 |
Trademark |  |  |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 54 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | 10,231,879 |  |  |  | 11,475,895 |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  | (9,085,391 | ) |  |  | (8,442,649 | )
Less: impairment loss |  |  |  |  |  | (43,642 | ) |  |  | (43,642 | )
Intangible assets, net |  |  |  |  |  | 1,102,846 |  |  |  | 2,989,604 |

During the six month period ended September 30, 2024, the Company has decapitalized intangible assets worth $1,456,289 out of which customer contracts with Global Insurance management worth $1,157,920 and accumulated amortization of $389,714 associated with these contracts were written back on account of termination of contract and no future economic benefits is available with the Company. Also the Company decapitalized software of $298,369 and written back associated accumulated amortization of $215,489. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company acquired intangible assets worth $4,955,565 related to FA Premium Insurance Broking Pvt. Ltd., Global Insurance Management Limited and National Automobile Club. The Company ceases to hold board control over Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited and FA Events & Media Private Limited with effect from October 1, 2023 and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited with effect from January 1, 2024, as a result intangible assets worth $2,017,117 have been derecognized and impairment & amortization on customer contract of $335,185 has been reversed.

The Company performed qualitative assessment for intangible assets and indicated that it was more likely than not that the carrying value of the acquired entities exceeded its fair value, therefore, it did not result in an impairment.

The estimated amortization schedule for the Company’s intangible assets for future periods is set out below:

For Period Ended September 30 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  | Amount |
2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 247,692 |
2026 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123,743 |
2027 and thereafter |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,718 |

9. Other long-term assets

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  | 12,311 |  |  |  | 12,672 |
Advances |  |  |  |  |  | 61,094 |  |  |  | 34,685 |
Interest accrued |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,503 |
Deferred tax assets (refer note 25) |  |  |  |  |  | 24,475 |  |  |  | 22,053 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 97,880 |  |  |  | 71,913 |

10. Accounts payable and accrued expenses

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  | 20,353,769 |  |  |  | 22,795,847 |
Accrued expenses |  |  |  |  |  | 5,686,066 |  |  |  | 5,916,896 |
Amounts due to employees |  |  |  |  |  | 1,010,211 |  |  |  | 860,895 |
Due to insurer |  |  |  |  |  | 7,084,470 |  |  |  | 8,918,849 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 34,134,516 |  |  |  | 38,492,487 |

19

1)
Accounts Payable includes certain Accounts Payable assumed by Roadzen (DE) in connection with the Business Combination amounting to $1 5,730,405 and $17,422,094 as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 respectively. Accrued expenses included the amount of $0.31 million on account of interest due but not paid.
2)
Amount due to employees consists of reimbursements and salaries payable. The total includes related parties balance of $177,267 and $95,971 as of September 30, 2024 and as of March 31, 2024, respectively.
3)
Accounts payable includes $2.5 million owed to Marco Polo Securities with whom the Company entered into a definitive agreement on July 18, 2024 to convert these accounts payable into equity in the Company by issuing additional shares at the greater of $2.80 and the 30 trading-day trailing Volume-Weighted Average Price (“VWAP”) as reported by Bloomberg at the close of trading on the 33rd trading day after the day that Roadzen Inc filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, its Form 10-Q for the first quarter of its fiscal 2025. As the VWAP did not reach $2.80 per share, the $2.5 million liability will be exchanged for 892,857 Ordinary Shares.

11. Other current liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Statutory liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 787,735 |  |  |  | 1,252,384 |
Deferred revenue |  |  |  |  |  | 964,681 |  |  |  | 656,968 |
Advances from customers |  |  |  |  |  | 69,517 |  |  |  | 445,696 |
Retirement benefits |  |  |  |  |  | 15,607 |  |  |  | 14,128 |
Other payables |  |  |  |  |  | 531,182 |  |  |  | 862,786 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 2,368,722 |  |  |  | 3,231,962 |

Other Payables include consideration payable on acquisition of National Automobile Club in the amount of $488,000 during each of the three and six month period ended September 30, 2024 and year ended March 31, 2024

12. Derivative warrant liabilities

Fair valuation of warrants issued to lenders as a part of a senior secured note agreement entered into between Roadzen (DE) and Mizuho Securities USA LLC ("Mizuho") as administrative agent amounted to $1,704,695. Each warrant grants the holder the right to purchase one Ordinary Share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.001 with a cashless settlement option where the difference between the exercise price and the market price would be paid to the warrant holder in the form of Ordinary Shares. Since the Company has Warrants traded under the symbol RDZNW, market price method was used to compute the fair market value on the reporting date. The warrants issued are recognized as derivative liabilities and were initially measured using the Black-Scholes model and are subsequently re-measured at each reporting period with changes recorded in consolidated statements of operation. As per the agreement entered into, if the principal and interest payments are not made as per the repayment schedule, the Company is obliged to issue warrants in the sequence below. On May 14, 2024, as required by the terms of this agreement, the Company issued to Mizuho a warrant to purchase 1,432,517 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.

Milestone (days past due) | Warrants Shares based on fully diluted Ordinary Shares of the Company as of the issuance date |
180 days |  | 1.00 | %
210 days |  | 1.17 | %
240 days |  | 1.33 | %
270 days |  | 1.50 | %
300 days |  | 1.67 | %
330 days |  | 1.83 | %
360 days |  | 2.50 | %

The assumptions used in calculating estimated fair value of the warrant due as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:

20

Closing price |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.19 |
Risk Free rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.58 | %
Dividend Yield |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 | %
Volatility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 169.23 | %
Expected Life of the option |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.25 years |

13. Borrowings

A.
Long-term borrowings consist of the following:

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Loans from banks (note a) |  |  |  |  |  | 121,796 |  |  |  | 112,169 |
Secured debentures (note b) |  |  |  |  |  | 2,203,787 |  |  |  | 2,214,754 |
Convertible debenture (note c) |  |  |  |  |  | 1,226,560 |  |  |  | 1,374,481 |
Less: current portion of long-term borrowings |  |  |  |  |  | (2,221,055 | ) |  |  | (2,228,471 | )
|  |  |  |  |  | 1,331,088 |  |  |  | 1,472,933 |

a)
Loan from banks:

Particulars |  |  | Interest rate |  | Maturity date |  | Amount outstanding |
Long-term borrowings from banks |  |  | 8.75% |  | 10-Aug-30 |  |  | 104,986 |
Long-term borrowings from banks |  |  | 9.00% |  | 1-May-29 |  |  | 16,810 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 121,796 |

The above loans are vehicle loans and secured by way of hypothecation against the vehicle for which each loan is granted.

b)
Secured debentures:

Particulars |  |  | Interest rate |  |  | Maturity date |  | Amount outstanding |
N1 Series Debentures |  |  |  | 19.50 | % |  | 31-Mar-25 |  |  | 575,274 |
N2 Series Debenture |  |  |  | 19.50 | % |  | 31-Mar-25 |  |  | 325,791 |
N3 Series Debentures |  |  |  | 19.25 | % |  | 31-Mar-25 |  |  | 407,614 |
N4 Series Debentures |  |  |  | 20.00 | % |  | 31-Mar-25 |  |  | 895,108 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,203,787 |

The debentures are secured by a subordinated lien on intellectual property, current assets and movable property and equipment of certain material foreign subsidiaries.

During the three month period ended September 30, 2024, the Company has entered into a modification arrangement with the debenture holders, resulting in changes to the repayment terms for the following series of debentures:

Particulars |  |  |  |  | Original terms (Months) |  |  | Modified Terms (Months) |
N1 Series Debentures |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 34 |
N2 Series Debenture |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 32 |
N3 Series Debentures |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 28 |
N4 Series Debentures |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 27 |

As part of this modification, a portion of the imposed penalties totaling $314,360 were waived out of $756,626 by Debenture holders.

c)
Convertible debenture

During the period ended September 30, 2024, the Company has outstanding $1.10 million unsecured convertible debentures to different parties which have maturity date of December 15, 2025. The instruments carry an interest rate of 13% per annum, unless otherwise

21

specified, as below.

Redemption/Conversion

On Maturity

If any amount of principal or interest under the notes remain outstanding on the maturity date, the Company shall repay the principal together with payment of accrued interest.

Optional Conversion

The unpaid principal amount of this debenture (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) shall be convertible, in whole or in part, at the option of the Holder at any time prior to the payment in full of the principal amount of this Debenture, into such number of Ordinary Shares as is determined by dividing the principal amount of the Debenture so converted (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) by the conversion price i.e. $10 per share.

However the conversion price is subject to downward adjustment if, on December 15, 2024, the volume-weighted average price (or VWAP) of RDZN for the thirty (30)-trading day period immediately preceding the December 15, 2024 is less than the original conversion price, subject to a floor of $8.50 per share.

Mandatory Conversion by Company

If at any time after the original issuance date, the closing price of the Common Stock of the company for any 20 Trading Days within a consecutive 30 Trading Day-period exceeding 130% of the then-applicable Conversion Price, then the Company shall thereafter have the right, at any time upon written notice to the Holder, to convert the unpaid principal amount of this Debenture (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) into such number of shares of fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock as is determined by dividing the principal amount of the Debenture (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) by the Conversion Price (a “Company Conversion”).

Warrants Entitlement

The Company has agreed to issue the warrants to the debenture holder within 90 days of the closing of the securities purchase agreement. The warrants shall be equivalent to the 10% of the original principal balance of the notes. The exercise price of the warrants shall be eight dollars and fifty cents ($8.50) per warrant share. The warrants shall expire five (5) years after issuance.

The assumptions used in calculating estimated fair value of warrants due as of June 30, 2024 are as follows:

Risk free rate |  |  |  |  | 3.58 | %
Volatility |  |  |  |  | 169.23 | %
Annual Interest rate |  |  |  |  | 13 | %
Conversion Price |  |  |  | $10 |

d. As of September 30 2024, the aggregate maturities of long-term borrowings are as follows:

Period ending March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,212,273 |
Period ending March 31, 2026 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,057 |
Period ending March 31, 2027 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,718 |
Period ending March 31, 2027 onwards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75,535 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,325,583 |

B.
Short-term borrowings

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Loans from banks (note a) |  |  |  |  |  | 236,173 |  |  |  | 781,455 |
Loans from related parties (note b) |  |  |  |  |  | 1,080,444 |  |  |  | 1,096,109 |
Loans from others (note c) |  |  |  |  |  | 18,866,800 |  |  |  | 13,877,265 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 20,183,417 |  |  |  | 15,754,829 |

22

a)
Loans from banks and others

Particulars |  | Weighted average borrowing rate |
Short-term borrowings from banks and others |  |  | 14.91 | %

b) Loan from related parties

1.
During the period ended September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with Avacara Pte Ltd on July 18, 2024 to convert the principal outstanding amount of USD 938,000 into equity of the company by issuing additional shares at the greater of $2.80 and the 30 trading-day trailing Volume-Weighted Average Price (“VWAP”) as reported by Bloomberg at the close of trading on the 33rd trading day after the day that Roadzen Inc files with the Securities and Exchange Commission, its Form 10-Q for the first quarter of its fiscal 2025. As the VWAP did not reach $2.80 per share, the $938,000 liability will be exchanged for 335,000 Ordinary Shares.

c) Loans from others

1.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, Roadzen (DE) entered into a $7.5 million senior secured notes agreement with Mizuho as a lender and administrative agent, which originally had a maturity date of 30 June, 2024. On May 14, 2024, as required by the terms of this senior secured notes agreement, the Company issued to the lender, a warrant to purchase 1,432,517 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. On July 26, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the senior secured notes, providing for an additional $4 million in principal amount to a total of $11.5 million, and an extension of the maturity date to December 31, 2024. Terms of the notes are otherwise the same as the original notes issued in June 2023, including an interest rate of 15% per annum, and did not require any additional warrants.
2.
As the accounting acquirer Roadzen (DE) has assumed a promissory note in the principal amount of $2.46 million at a discount of 10% which was obtained to finance transaction costs in connection with the Business Combination. The Promissory note is not convertible, accrues interest at the rate of 20% per annum and is due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination or the date of the liquidation of the Company. The Company has not honored repayment of the promissory note on the due date.
3.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, Good Insurance Brokers Private Limited secured loan facilities from two financial institutions. A loan of $0.33 million was obtained from Mufin Green Finance Ltd., bearing an interest rate of 17.5%, with repayments scheduled in monthly installments up to November 2024. Additionally, a loan of $0.83 million was obtained from Hindon Mercantile Ltd., carrying an interest rate of 21%, with the principal amount repayable in bullet payments within 60 days from the date of each disbursement.
4.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 the Company ha s issued $1.0 million and $0.5 million respectively, in original principal amount of promissory notes, bearing interest at a rate of 17.5% per annum and mature on the sixth month anniversary of the funding of the notes respectively. As per the term of the agreement the interest rate on the notes can be increased up to a maximum of 29%.
5.
As the accounting acquirer, Roadzen (DE) is deemed to have assumed a Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $1.03 million which was obtained to finance transaction costs in connection with the Business Combination. The Convertible Promissory Notes is a non-interest bearing instrument and payable upon the consummation of a Business Combination or may be convertible into warrants of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the holder's discretion. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants described in note 16. The Company has not honored repayment of the promissory note on the due date.

Fair Value of the Warrants:

Closing price |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.06 |
Open price |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.06 |
High |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.06 |
Low |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.06 |

14. Other long-term liabilities

23

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Retirement benefits |  |  |  |  |  | 296,532 |  |  |  | 250,399 |
Deferred tax liability |  |  |  |  |  | 40,975 |  |  |  | 263,665 |
Deferred revenue |  |  |  |  |  | 362,442 |  |  |  | 727,853 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 699,949 |  |  |  | 1,241,917 |

15. Ordinary Shares

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was authorized to issue 220,000,000 ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value.

The holders of Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share at meetings of the Company. In the event of liquidation, the holders of ordinary shares are eligible to receive an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company based on their percent of ownership.

As of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, 68,440,829 of the Company's Ordinary Shares were outstanding.

The following table summarizes the Company’s Ordinary Shares reserved for future issuance on an as-converted basis:

|  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Conversion of outstanding redeemable convertible instruments |  |  |  |  |  | 122,656 |  |  |  | 137,448 |
Remaining shares available for future issuance under the Company's equity incentive plan |  |  |  |  |  | 9,714,986 |  |  |  | 9,707,986 |
Warrants |  |  |  |  |  | 21,618,972 |  |  |  | 21,045,965 |

16. Warrants

In connection with Vahanna's initial public offering in 2021, 10,004,994 public warrants were issued (the “Public Warrants”) and 9,152,087 warrants were issued in a private placement (the "Private Placement Warrants"). Both Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants remained outstanding and became warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares in the Company upon the close of the Business Combination.

As of September 30, 2024, there were 10,004,994 Public Warrants outstanding. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one Ordinary Share at a price of $11.50 per share. The Public Warrants became exercisable as of October 20, 2023. The Public Warrants will expire five years from the consummation of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants:

•
at a price of $0.01 per warrant;
•
upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption given to each warrant holder; and
•
if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing once th e warrants become exercisable and ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, as described above, its management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, except as described below, the Public Warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of Ordinary Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Public Warrants.

As of September 30, 2024, there were 9,152,087 Private Placement Warrants outstanding. The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the

24

Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or saleable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions.

Pursuant to the terms of a Securities Purchase Agreement entered into among the Company, Supurna VedBrat and Krishnan-Shah Family Partners, LP on March 28, 2024 (the “March 2024 SPA”), on April 22, 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 50,000 Ordinary Shares to Krishnan-Shah Family Partners, LP, on June 20, 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 50,000 Ordinary Shares to Ms. VedBrat, and the Company expects to issue warrants to purchase an additional 50,000 Ordinary Shares to Ms. VedBrat in the near future (such warrants collectively the “March 2024 SPA Warrants"). Each March 2024 SPA Warrant will be exercisable at any time during the period commencing on March 28, 2025 (or earlier under certain circumstances described in the March 2024 SPA Warrants) (as applicable, the “Vesting Date”) through March 28, 2031 (or until the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, if earlier). The exercise price of the March 2024 SPA Warrants is equal to 80% of the lower of (i) the volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) of the Ordinary Shares, as reported on the relevant market or exchange, over the 60 trading days subsequent to the first loan funding pursuant to the March 2024 SPA, (ii) the opening price of any public offering of straight equity securities of the Company occurring within six months after the issue date of the March 2024 SPA Warrants and (iii) the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares over the 60 trading days immediately prior to the V esting Date. Ms. VedBrat is a director of the Company. Ajay Shah, another director of the Company, and his wife, are trustees of the general partner of the Krishnan-Shah Family Partners, LP.

On May 14, 2024, as required by the terms of this senior secured notes agreement entered with Mizuho in June 30, 2023, the Company issued to Mizuho a warrant to purchase 1,432,517 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share (the "Mizuho Warrants").

As of September 30, 2024, there were 100,000 March 2024 SPA Warrants and 1,432,517 Mizuho Warrants outstanding.

17. Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by the Company's service offerings:

| For the three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2023 |
Revenue from services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commission and Distribution Income |  | 5,917,433 |  |  |  | 8,381,753 |  |  |  | 9,000,085 |  |  |  | 9,459,946 |
Income from Insurance as a Service |  | 5,956,665 |  |  |  | 7,088,828 |  |  |  | 11,805,530 |  |  |  | 11,621,545 |
|  | 11,874,098 |  |  |  | 15,470,581 |  |  |  | 20,805,615 |  |  |  | 21,081,491 |

There were three customers that individually represented 25%, 12% and 10% of the Company’s revenue for the period ended September 30, 2024 and one customer that represented 13% of the Company's accounts receivable balance as of September 30, 2024.

There was one customer that represented 45% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended March 31, 2024 and two customers that individually represented 28% and 18% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2024.

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

|  |  |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2023 |
Contract liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue |  |  |  |  |  | 1,327,123 |  |  |  | 1,787,252 |
Total contract liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 1,327,123 |  |  |  | 1,787,252 |
Contract assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unbilled revenue |  |  |  |  |  | 3,112,407 |  |  |  | 3,803,937 |
Total contract assets |  |  |  |  |  | 3,112,407 |  |  |  | 3,803,937 |

The Company records deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of Company's performance. Deferred revenues primarily relate to commission and distribution income and insurance as a service. The amount of revenue recognized for the period ended September 30, 2024 that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2024 was $656,968. The amount of revenue recognized in the year ended March 31, 2024 that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2023 was $108,442.

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Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that become a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from the timing of revenue recognition or cash collection and are included in "prepayments and other current assets" in the consolidated balance sheets which will be billed in the month subsequent to the period in which performance obligations were satisfied.

18. Other Income (expense) net

Other income consists of certain write-backs of provisions and payables no longer required based on commercial negotiations with the vendors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 amounting to $3,869,319.

19. Business combinations

a)
Global Insurance Management Limited

During the period ended June 30, 2023, Roadzen (DE) (on June 30, 2023) acquired 100% of the equity interests in Global Insurance Management Limited for cash consideration of $3,998,000. Global Insurance Management Limited was incorporated in the United Kingdom and is engaged in the business of underwriting, pricing and distribution of Insurance products. The financial results of Global Insurance Management have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from June 30, 2023 as the Company has possessed the power to direct the relevant activities of Global Insurance Management from the share purchase agreement date.

The major classes of assets and liabilities to which the Company has allocated the purchase price were as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,997,974 |
Acquired customer contract (Refer Note 8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,157,920 |
Other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,157,343 |
Other liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (15,947,363 | )
Net assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,365,874 |
Purchase consideration |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,998,000 |
Goodwill (Refer Note 19(c)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 632,126 |

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributed to the synergies expected from marketing expertise and penetration which the acquiree possesses.

Following are details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired:

|  |  |  |  |  | Amount |  |  | Weighted average life
Acquired customer contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,157,920 |  |  | 3 years

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b)
National Automobile Club

During the period ended June 30, 2023, Roadzen (DE) (on June 06, 2023) acquired 100% of the equity interests in National Automobile Club for cash consideration of $2,238,000. National Automobile Club was incorporated in the state of California and is engaged in the business of roadside assistance services. As of September 30, 2024, Roadzen (DE) has paid consideration amounting to $1,750,000, however, Roadzen (DE) has exercised board control over National Automobile Club from June 6, 2023. The financial results of National Automobile Club have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from June 6, 2023 as the Company has possessed the power to direct the relevant activities of National Automobile Club from the share purchase agreement date.

The major classes of assets and liabilities to which we have allocated the purchase price were as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 182,713 |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,384 |
Acquired customer contract (Refer Note 8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 870,027 |
Other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,947,606 |
Other liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,215,247 | )
Net assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,798,483 |
Purchase consideration |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,238,000 |
Goodwill (Refer Note 19(c)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 439,517 |

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributed to the synergies expected from marketing expertise and penetration which the acquiree possesses.

Following are details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired:

|  |  |  |  |  | Amount |  |  | Weighted average life
Acquired customer contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  | 870,027 |  |  | 3 years

c) Goodwill

|  |  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Opening balance |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,061,553 |  |  |  | 996,441 |
Goodwill relating to acquisitions consummated during the year (Refer Note 19(a) & (b)) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,475,685 |
Derecognition on deconsolidation of subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (535,844 | )
Impairment reversed on goodwill during the year on account of deconsolidation of subsidiaries |  |  | — |  |  |  | 131,803 |
Effect of exchange rate changes |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34,144 |  |  |  | (6,532 | )
Closing balance |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,095,697 |  |  |  | 2,061,553 |

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company acquired Global Insurance Management Limited and National Automobile Club with goodwill of $632,126 and $439,517 respectively.

The Company performed qualitative assessment for other entities and indicated that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the acquired entities exceeded its carrying value, therefore, the assessment did not result in an impairment.

20. Financial instruments

The Company measures its convertible promissory notes and Forward Purchase Agreement asset at fair value. The Company’s convertible promissory notes are categorized as Level 1 because they are measured based on observable listed prices of such instruments. The Forward Purchase Agreement is categorized as Level 3 because of unobservable inputs and other estimation techniques due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the tenure of such financial instruments.

27

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024:

|  |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measured using |
Particulars |  |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative warrant liabilities |  |  |  |  | 1,704,695 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,704,695 |
Convertible debentures |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,226,560 |  |  |  | 1,226,560 |
|  |  |  |  | 1,704,695 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,226,560 |  |  |  | 2,931,255 |

|  |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measured using |
Particulars |  |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward purchase agreement |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,506,801 |  |  |  | 5,506,801 |
|  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,506,801 |  |  |  | 5,506,801 |

The Company uses a third-party valuation specialist to assist management in its determination of the fair value of its Level 1 classified derivative warrant liabilities. The fair value of these financial instruments is based on the volatility of its ordinary share warrants, based on implied volatility from the Company’s traded warrants and from historical volatility of select peer company’s ordinary shares that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. For key aspects of valuation of convertible debentures refer note 13.

The Company uses a third party valuation specialist to assist management in its determination of the fair value of its Level 3 classified Convertible debentures and Forward Purchase Agreement. The instruments were fair valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model utilizing assumptions related to the contractual term of the instruments and current interest rates. For key aspect of the valuation inputs refer notes 13 (c) and 5 (iii) respectively.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024:

|  |  |  | Financial asset |  |  | Financial liability |
|  | Forward purchase agreement |  |  | Convertible debentures |
Initial measurement |  |  |  |  | 28,784,993 |  |  |  | 1,374,481 |
Change in fair value |  |  |  |  | (23,278,192 | ) |  |  | (147,921 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  | 5,506,801 |  |  |  | 1,226,560 |

Assets measured at Fair Value on a non-recurring basis

The Company’s non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment are adjusted to fair value when an impairment charge is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominately on Level 3 inputs.

Non-Marketable Equity Securities

The Company measures its non-marketable equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values under the measurement alternative at cost less impairment, adjusted by price changes from observable transactions recorded within "Other income/(expense) net" in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values and primarily relate to its investments in Daokang and Moonshot. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment loss for its non-marketable equity securities, refer note 6.

Management of risks

Interest rate risk - Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to change to market interest rates. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk for its long-term debts where the interest rates are variable according to the market conditions.

28

Foreign currency risk - The Company monitors its foreign currency exposures on a regular basis. The operations are primarily denominated in United States Dollars, Pounds Sterling, Indian Rupees and Euros. For the purpose of analyzing foreign currency exchange risk, we considered the historical trends in foreign currency exchange rates. Based on a sensitivity analysis we have performed as of September 30, 2024, an adverse 10% foreign currency exchange rate change applied to total monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the United States Dollar would not have a material effect on our financial statements.

21. Sum due to insurer

Represents the net amounts of premium due to insurer based on the respective contract with each insurer. The net amount due is equal to the gross written premium less the Company’s commission for policies that have reached their effective date. Sum due to insurer is $7,084,470 as of September 30, 2024, which represents funds from the insurer to meet working capital requirements/contingencies arising out of claim settlement.

22. Investments

These balances include certain investments in mutual funds that are recorded at fair value. Any changes to the fair value are recorded in "Fair value gains/(losses) in financial instruments carried at fair value" due to the election of the fair value option of accounting for financial instruments.

23. Commitments and contingencies

A. Leases - Accounted as per ASC 842 for the Period Ended September 30, 2024

Operating leases

The Company leases office space under non-cancellable operating lease agreements, which expire on various dates through April 2031. Some property leases contain extension options exercisable by the Company. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The components of lease cost for the period ended September 30, 2024 are summarized below:

i)
The following tables presents the various components of lease costs:

Particulars |  |  |  | For the period ended September 30, 2024 |
Lease : |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |  | 135,040 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  |  |  | 42,757 |
Total lease cost |  |  |  |  | 177,797 |

ii)
The following table presents supplemental information relating to the cash flow and non cash flows arising from lease transactions. Cash payments related to short-term leases are not included in the measurement of operating liabilities, and, as such, are excluded from the amounts below.

Particulars |  |  |  | For the period ended September 30, 2024 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 96,076 |

iii)
Balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

29

Particulars |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |
Operating Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Lease ROU Asset, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 946,798 |
Short term liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 397,957 |
Long term liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 379,697 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 777,654 |

iv)
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (In years)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |
Operating leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.12 |

v)
Weighted Average Discount Rate

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |
Operating leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.57 | %

vi)
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

Particulars |  |  |  | Lease Liabilities (USD)* |
For Period Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 357,464 |
2026 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 177,555 |
2027 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 151,925 |
2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 91,185 |
2029 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 91,069 |
Thereafter |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 189,525 |
Total Lease Payments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,058,723 |
Less: Imputed Interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (281,069 | )
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 777,654 |

* The lease liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars using the closing rate for the period ended September 30, 2024

C.
Litigation and loss contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be subject to other legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and government inquiries (collectively, "Legal Proceedings") in the ordinary course of business. It may receive claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights, defamation, labor and employment rights, privacy, and contractual rights. There are no currently pending Legal Proceedings that the Company believes will have a material adverse impact on the business or consolidated financial statements.

D.
Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which the Company agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including losses arising out of intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties, if the Company has violated applicable laws, if the Company is negligent or commits acts of willful misconduct, and other liabilities with respect to its products and services and its business. In these circumstances, payment is typically conditional on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its consolidated financial statements.

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24. Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the number of weighted-average outstanding Ordinary Shares. Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders is determined by giving effect to all potential common equivalents during the reporting period, unless including them yields an antidilutive result. The Company considers its preferred stocks, convertible notes and share warrants as potential common equivalents, but excluded them from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders in the periods presented, as their effect was antidilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders and preferred stock holders:

Particulars |  |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2023 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  |  |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  |  | (70,217,064 | ) |  |  | (35,121,044 | )
Less: dividend attributable to preferred stockholders for the current year |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 40,297 |
Net loss attributable to Roadzen Inc. ordinary shareholders |  |  |  |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  | - |  |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  |  | (70,217,064 | ) |  |  | (35,161,341 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Roadzen Inc. ordinary shareholders - basic and diluted |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  |  |  | 22,272,967 |  |  |  | 68,440,829 |  |  |  | 19,387,476 |
Net loss per share attributable to Roadzen Inc. ordinary shareholders - basic and diluted |  |  | (0.32 | ) |  |  |  | (1.40 | ) |  |  | (1.03 | ) |  |  | (1.81 | )

The following table summarizes the number of potential Ordinary Shares equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders for the periods presented:

Particulars |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2023 |
Share warrants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21,618,972 |  |  |  | 19,157,081 |
Restricted stock units |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,714,986 |  |  |  | - |
Convertible instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54,542 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,388,500 |  |  |  | 19,157,081 |

25. Income taxes

The Company's net loss before provision for income taxes for the period ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were as follows:

Particulars |  |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2023 |
Domestic |  |  |  |  | (19,101,833 | ) |  |  | (5,606,269 | ) |  |  | (45,372,274 | ) |  |  | (9,350,380 | )
Foreign |  |  |  |  | (2,910,836 | ) |  |  | (25,504,049 | ) |  |  | (24,986,089 | ) |  |  | (25,804,523 | )
Total |  |  |  |  | (22,012,669 | ) |  |  | (31,110,318 | ) |  |  | (70,358,363 | ) |  |  | (35,154,903 | )

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The components of the provision for income taxes for the period ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were as follows:

Particulars |  |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2023 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  |  |  |  | 4,214 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 17,147 |  |  |  | — |
Foreign |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,135 |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 72,077 |
|  |  |  |  | 4,214 |  |  |  | 50,135 |  |  |  |  | 17,147 |  |  |  | 72,077 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign |  |  |  |  | (185,478 | ) |  |  | (39,196 | ) |  |  |  | (91,761 | ) |  |  | (38,727 | )
|  |  |  |  | (185,478 | ) |  |  | (39,196 | ) |  |  |  | (91,761 | ) |  |  | (38,727 | )
Total provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  | (181,264 | ) |  |  | 10,939 |  |  | - |  |  | (74,614 | ) |  |  | 33,350 |

The following is a reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the period ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023:

Particulars |  |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | For the six months ended September 30, 2023 |
Federal statutory income tax rate |  |  |  |  | 21.00 | % |  |  | 21.00 | % |  |  | 21.00 | % |  |  | 21.00 | %
Non deductible expenses |  |  |  |  | (0.22 | %) |  |  | 0.14 | % |  |  | (0.25 | %) |  |  | (6.86 | %)
Valuation allowance |  |  |  |  | (20.54 | %) |  |  | (21.00 | %) |  |  | (20.93 | %) |  |  | (14.13 | %)
Foreign rate differential |  |  |  |  | (0.29 | %) |  |  | (0.24 | %) |  |  | (0.19 | %) |  |  | (0.18 | %)
Share warrants |  |  |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %
Other |  |  |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  | (0.04 | %) |  |  | 0.08 | %
Total provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  | (0.05 | %) |  |  | (0.04 | %) |  |  | (0.41 | %) |  |  | (0.09 | %)

The components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets as of the period ended September 30, 2024 and year ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:

Particulars |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carry forwards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40,187,359 |  |  |  | 25,515,511 |
Unabsorbed depreciation carry forwards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 107,638 |  |  |  | 76,126 |
Retirement benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77,213 |  |  |  | 72,349 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 80,333 |  |  |  | 109,299 |
Others |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,694 |  |  |  | 244,136 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40,469,236 |  |  |  | 26,017,421 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40,444,762 | ) |  |  | (25,995,368 | )
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,475 |  |  |  | 22,053 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangibles on account of business combination |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40,975 | ) |  |  | (263,665 | )
Net deferred tax assets/ (liabilities) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16,500 | ) |  |  | (241,612 | )

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Movement in net deferred tax assets:

|  |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |  |  | Recognized/ reversed through statements of operations |  |  | Impact of currency translation and acquisitions |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carry forwards |  |  |  |  | 25,515,511 |  |  |  | 14,671,848 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,187,359 |
Unabsorbed depreciation carry forwards |  |  |  |  | 76,126 |  |  |  | 31,512 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 107,638 |
Retirement benefits |  |  |  |  | 72,349 |  |  |  | 4,864 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 77,213 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 109,299 |  |  |  | -28,966 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80,333 |
Fair value changes on convertible notes |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Others |  |  |  |  | 244,136 |  |  |  | (227,442 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,694 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  |  |  | (25,995,368 | ) |  |  | (14,449,394 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (40,444,762 | )
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangibles on account of business combination |  |  |  |  | (263,665 | ) |  |  | 222,690 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (40,975 | )
Acquisitions |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 635,965 |  |  |  | (635,965 | ) |  |  | — |
Deconsolidation |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | — |
Currency translation |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (284,598 | ) |  |  | 284,598 |  |  |  | — |
Net deferred tax assets/ (liabilities) |  |  |  |  | (241,612 | ) |  |  | 576,479 |  |  |  | (351,367 | ) |  |  | (16,500 | )

Particulars |  |  |  | As of March 31, 2023 |  |  | Recognized/ reversed through statements of operations |  |  | Impact of currency translation and acquisitions |  |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carry forwards |  |  |  |  | 8,480,316 |  |  |  | 17,035,195 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,515,511 |
Unabsorbed depreciation carry forwards |  |  |  |  | 54,438 |  |  |  | 21,688 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 76,126 |
Retirement benefits |  |  |  |  | 56,603 |  |  |  | 15,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72,349 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 50,918 |  |  |  | 58,381 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 109,299 |
Fair value changes on convertible notes |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Others |  |  |  |  | 5,965 |  |  |  | 238,171 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 244,136 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  |  |  | (8,565,895 | ) |  |  | (17,429,473 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25,995,368 | )
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangibles on account of business combination |  |  | - |  |  |  | (263,665 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (263,665 | )
Gain on convertible notes |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 608,233 |  |  |  | (608,233 | ) |  |  | - |
Currency translation |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (193,121 | ) |  |  | 193,121 |  |  |  | — |
Acquisitions |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (48,330 | ) |  |  | 48,330 |  |  |  | - |
|  |  |  |  | 82,345 |  |  |  | 42,825 |  |  |  | (366,782 | ) |  |  | (241,612 | )

The Company regularly reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and tax planning strategies. The Company's judgment regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute the business plans and/or tax planning strategies. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the Company's income tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed. The Company's valuation allowance increased by $14,528,970 during the period ended September 30, 2024 and $17,429,473 during the year ended March 31, 2024 .

The Company has not provided U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because the Company intends to permanently reinvest such earnings outside the U.S.

Net operating loss and credit carry forwards

As of September 30, 2024, the Company has U.S. federal net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $130,238,537, of which none are subject to limitation under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (IRC Section 382). The federal net operating loss carry forwards that were generated prior to the 2018 tax year will begin to expire in 2030 if not utilized. For net operating loss carry forwards arising in tax years beginning after March 31, 2017, the tax act limits the Company's ability to utilize carry forwards to 80% of taxable income, however, these operating losses may be carried forward indefinitely. The state (Delaware) net operating loss carry forwards will begin to expire in 2032 if not utilized. The Company has foreign tax credits which will expire at the end of 8 years from the end of the assessment year in which these tax credits were originated.

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Utilization of the net operating loss carry forwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change provisions of IRC Section 382 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the inability to fully offset future annual taxable income and could result in the expiration of net operating loss carry forwards before utilization. The Company continually reviews the impact to net operating losses of any ownership changes.

Unrecognized tax benefits

The Company has adopted authoritative guidance which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s income tax return, and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The Company did no t have any unrecognized tax benefits with a significant impact on its financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024.

The Company's major tax jurisdictions are India, the United Kingdom and the U.S. The U.S. federal, state and foreign jurisdictions have statutes of limitations that generally range from three to six years. Due to the Company's net losses, substantially all of its federal and state income tax returns are subject to examination for federal and state purposes.

26. Segment reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity where discrete financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in a single reporting segment.

27. Stock based compensation

The share-based compensation awards issued under the Company’s 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan") to the Company’s employees, officers and directors, are all equity-classified instruments. Restricted stock units ("RSUs") outstanding as of September 30, 2024 have service vesting conditions up to March 2027. Compensation expenses are based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and recognized over the requisite service period using a straight-line method for stock options and a graded vesting method for RSUs. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures of employee stock awards as they occur.

Share-based compensation is in the form of RSUs. The fair value per RSU is calculated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.

Option value and assumption

Fair value per share (as of grant date) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10.83 |
Exercise price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |
Assumptions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Volatility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30.82 | %
Expected dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.00 | %
Expected term (in years) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Risk free rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.24 | %

RSU vesting schedule for year ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |
March 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79,995 |
March 2026 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,579,589 |
March 2027 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63,336 |

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Stock option activity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |
Opening unvested units (as of April 01, 2024) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,707,928 |
Granted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 215,000 |
Exercised |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |
Cancelled |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 200,008 |
Closing unvested units |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,722,920 |

Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs granted to employees was $20,746,267 and $46,977,256 for three months and six months ended September 30, 2024 respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was approximately $494,822 which is expected to be recognized over the remaining unvested period of RSUs.

On September 18, 2023, prior to the business combination, Roadzen DE granted 9,903,500 Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) under the 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan. These RSUs were initially scheduled to vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date, specifically on September 17, 2024. However, prior to this date, the Board of Directors of Roadzen decided to extend the vesting period by an additional year to September 17, 2025.

Based on the current market price of the shares, management has assessed that this revised vesting timeline will not result in any additional RSU compensation expense being recognized in the Company's financial statements for the above stated outstanding RSUs

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ITEM 2. MANAGE MENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Throughout this section, references to "Roadzen," “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Roadzen and its consolidated subsidiaries as the context so requires.

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Roadzen Inc. and its subsidiaries should be read in conjunction with the “Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Roadzen Inc. as of and for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023,” together with related notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q (in the section of this Form 10-Q entitled “Financial Information”). The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See the section titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth or referred to under the section titled “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

Overview

Roadzen is a leading Insurtech company on a mission to transform global auto insurance powered by advanced artificial intelligence ("AI"). At the heart of our mission is our commitment to create transparency, efficiency, and a seamless experience for the millions of end customers who use our products through our insurer, OEM, and fleet (such as trucking, delivery, and commercial fleets) partners. We seek to accomplish this by combining computer vision, telematics and AI with continually updated data sources to provide a more efficient, effective and informed way of building auto insurance products, assessing damages, processing claims and improving driver safety. Insurers and other partners of Roadzen across the world use Roadzen’s technology to launch new auto insurance products, manage risk better and resolve claims faster. These products are built with dynamic underwriting capabilities, Application Programming Interface, or API-led distribution and real-time claims processing.

Roadzen has built a pioneering technology platform that uses telematics, computer vision and data science to spearhead innovation across the insurance value chain, namely underwriting, distribution, claims and road safety. We call it the Roadzen “Insurance as a Service” (“IaaS”) platform. Our business generates commission-based revenue as an insurance broker focused on embedded and B2B2C (Business-to-Business-to-Customer) insurance distribution, and fee-based revenue as a provider of innovative cloud, mobile, AI-based telematics applications for the auto insurance economy.

Roadzen has four major clients types:

• Insurance — including insurance companies, reinsurers, agents, brokers;

• Automotive — including carmakers, dealerships, online-to-offline car sales platforms;

• Fleets — including small and medium fleets, taxi fleets, ridesharing platforms, commercial and corporate fleets; and

• Other distribution channels such as financial services companies providing auto loans and telematics companies.

Our operations are global, and our partners consists of market-leading insurance companies, fleets, automotive original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and carmakers, including AXA, SCOR, Arch, Société Générale Jaguar Land Rover, Audi, Mercedes, Volvo and several others. In June of 2023, we made two acquisitions as part of our market entry strategy into the important U.S. and U.K. markets. Our subsidiary in the U.K., Global Insurance Management Ltd. ("GIM"), is a leading specialist Managing General Agent ("MGA") providing auto insurance, extended warranties, and claims management to insurers, car dealers, car companies, and fleets. GIM delivers services globally, leveraging its MGA licenses in the U.K. market and using third-party licenses elsewhere. GIM provides brokerage services to insurance companies, where it acts as a delegated authority of the insurance company to sell the insurer’s policies using its brokerage platform, as well as to adjudicate and pay claims. GIM collects a commission and an administrative fee as a percentage of the Gross Written Premium ("GWP") from each policy sold from the insurer/re-insurer during this process. GIM’s specialty insurance contracts typically have an average term of five years. GIM is headquartered in Coventry, England. Roadzen's subsidiary in the U.S., National Automobile Club ("NAC"), is a licensed auto club in California and a provider of claims management and 24/7 commercial roadside assistance ("RSA") in the U.S. NAC focuses on the commercial automotive industry and its network comprises over 75,000 professional service providers, offering tow, transport, and first notice of loss (“FNOL”) services. NAC’s customers include government fleets, enterprises, commercial fleets, car companies and insurers across the U.S. NAC is headquartered in Burlingame, California.

Our mission is to build the leading company at the intersection of artificial intelligence ("AI"), insurance and mobility. To further our mission, we have built a pioneering lab focused on fundamental and applied AI research. We work on core research areas in computer vision, generative AI, and traditional machine learning to develop product experiences that improve the safety, convenience, and protection of millions of drivers across the world. Roadzen is a founding member of the AI Alliance fostering safe, responsible, and open source development alongside industry leaders such as Meta, IBM, Hugging Face, Stability AI, AMD, Service Now, and others. Our approach to build precision AI models in insurance and mobility has won several industry accolades. In October 2021 Forbes Magazine ranked Roadzen

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among the Top 10 AI companies. In 2022, Financial Express named Roadzen AI Startup of the Year. Additionally, the Company won two awards at the prestigious Global Artificial Intelligence Summit & Awards: "Best Use of AI in Mobility" and "Best Use of AI in Insurance," both presented by the All India Council for Robotics & Automation (AICRA).

On September 20, 2023, Roadzen Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company (the “Parent Company”, formerly known as Vahanna Tech Edge Acquisition I Corp; and sometimes referred to in this filing as "Vahanna") completed the Business Combination in which it acquired Roadzen (DE). Roadzen (DE) was determined to be the accounting acquiror in the Business Combination. Accordingly, the historical financial statements of Roadzen (DE) became the historical financial statements of the combined company upon the consummation of the Business Combination. As a result, the financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of the Parent Company and Roadzen (DE) following the Closing of the Business Combination; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Roadzen (DE) at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.

Our Business Model

Roadzen has two principal models for generating revenue: 1) platform sales of our IaaS platform, and 2) brokerage commission and fees. We follow a capital-light business model, meaning that we do not underwrite any risk ourselves or carry it on our balance sheet for either source of revenue.

1. Platform Sales:

Roadzen provides an IaaS platform addressed towards insurance for mobility. The IaaS platform has a suite of products that work cohesively to address the auto insurance value chain. Roadzen sells its IaaS platform to insurers, car manufacturers, and fleet companies to deliver services for their respective insured customers. Our deep understanding of the insurance industry has enabled us to develop a unified suite of modules and products that is tailored to address the key challenges faced in auto insurance. Our solution suite includes several products that support the insurance lifecycle, such as:

•
Via: enables fleets, carmakers and insurers to inspect a vehicle using computer vision;
•
Global Distribution Network (GDN): enables the configuration, customer quote, payment (in any currency), and administration of any insurance policy with any insurance carrier as the underwriter;
•
xClaim: enables digital, touchless and real-time resolution of claims from FNOL through payment, using telematics and computer vision;
•
StrandD: enables digital, real-time dispatch and tracking for roadside assistance ("RSA") and FNOL during accident claims;
•
DrivebuddyAI: enables any vehicle to get advanced driver-assistance capabilities utilizing cameras and neural networks to deliver better safety on the road; and
•
Good Driving: enables insurers and fleets to recognize their best drivers, train poor drivers and build usage based insurance ("UBI") programs.

Our technology revolutionizes the customer experience by helping customers obtain a policy within seconds and process a claim estimate within minutes in comparison with existing processes that can take weeks. Roadzen’s revenue derived from platform sales is usage-based, meaning we get paid on a per-vehicle or per-use basis.

Sales of Roadzen’s IaaS platform represented approximately 50% and 56% of revenues for the for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024.

2. Brokerage Commission and Fees:

Roadzen acts as an insurance broker utilizing its technology to sell insurance through our embedded and Business to Business to Consumer ("B2B2C") distribution model. The policies are sold by insurance intermediaries such as agents and through captive distributors such as dealerships, fleets and used car platforms. Our B2B2C channel partners choose us for a variety of reasons — for the ease of integrating our technology through APIs into their ecosystem, for a seamless, fully digital customer experience from obtaining a policy to submitting a claim, and for integrations with a large number of insurance companies who sell their policies through our platform to give users a handful of policy options. Lastly, we can provide a superior customer experience by bundling telematics for road safety, RSA and claims management to the customer — a customer experience that we believe is unrivaled by other traditional brokers. Roadzen’s revenues from brokerage services are based on commissions and other fees that are paid by our insurance carrier partners as a percentage of the Gross Written Premium ("GWP") underwritten for each policy.

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Roadzen’s brokerage solutions accounted for 50% and 44% of revenues for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Our financial condition and results of operations have been, and will likely continue to be, affected by a number of factors, including the following:

Investment in Core Technology and AI

We continue to develop and invest in our technology platform to drive scalability and build innovative products. We believe our significant proprietary investments into our data pipelines, training, model development and our core technology platform are key advantages that allow us to stay ahead of the competition, support our growth into global markets and improve operating margins.

Investment in Sales and Marketing

Our sales and marketing efforts are a key component of our growth strategy. Our investments in this area have enabled us to build and sustain our customer base while creating long-term customer relationships. Our sales efforts are materially dependent on our three different channels: (1) strategic sales to insurers and car companies; (2) sales to small-and-medium fleet owners; and (3) brokerage sales driven by agents, captive distribution channels and reinsurance partnerships. We plan to continue investing in each of these channels of growth including hiring sales personnel, event marketing and global travel.

Investments in Innovation for Future Growth

The world of mobility is changing rapidly due to advances in connected, electric, and autonomous vehicles. We believe this presents an exciting and large opportunity to build insurance for this evolving environment. For this reason, our performance will be impacted by our ability to continuously innovate our underwriting algorithms, internalize new data sources and technologies such as Advanced Driving Assistance Systems ("ADAS") and video telematics for accident prevention, and invest in partnerships with carmakers for their insurance offerings and for selling insurance into fleets.

Acquiring New Customers

Our long-term growth will depend on our continued ability to attract new customers to our platform. We intend to continue to drive customers to our platform by expanding our B2B2C model through different avenues.

•
In addition to our existing geographic and product footprint, we aim to grow by expanding into new markets across our target geographies, leveraging our technology platform to increase our speed to market.
•
We intend to consistently offer cutting edge technology at the intersection of mobility and insurance - a capability that traditional insurance carriers and other insurance intermediaries have struggled to provide. As our clients look to digitize and capture a greater part of the insurance value chain, our technology is the differentiator for them to choose Roadzen as a partner.

Expanding Sales Within Our Existing Customer Base

A central part of our strategy is expanding solutions adoption across our existing customer base. We have developed long-term relationships with our customers and have a proven track record of successfully cross-selling product offerings. We have the opportunity to realize incremental value by selling additional functionality to customers that do not currently utilize our full solution portfolio from our platform. As we innovate and bring new technology and solutions to market, we also have the opportunity to realize incremental growth by selling new products to our existing customer base.

Our ability to expand sales within our customer base will depend on a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction, pricing, competition, and changes in our customers’ spending levels. Roadzen’s customers include leading insurers and car companies that have a global presence and are spending millions of dollars on digitizing their insurance offerings. We believe that successful integration in one geography may open up opportunities within other geographies. Roadzen has shown the ability to expand contracts from low ticket size in India to higher ticket size in global markets. We have a significant focus on maximizing the lifetime value of our customer relationships, and we continue to make significant investments in order to grow our customer base.

Since January 1, 2023 we began tracking customer segmentation for Roadzen, described as such: enterprise clients that include insurers, automakers and large fleets (above 100 vehicles), and SMB clients, which include agents, brokers, small dealerships, and small fleets (under 100 vehicles). As of September 30, 2024, we had 34 insurance customer agreements (including carriers, self-insureds and other entities processing insurance claims), 74 automotive customer agreements, and approximately 3,550 agents and fleet customers agreements.

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Strength of the Auto Insurance Market

We generate a majority of our revenues through commissions and fees which are a reflection of the total insurance policy premium. Roadzen derived 50% of revenue from its brokerage solutions and 50% from its platform sales of its IaaS platform for the three months ended September 30, 2024. A softening of the insurance market characterized by a period of declining premium rates due to competition or regulation could negatively impact our financial results.

Our Regulatory Environment

Our insurance brokerage business is subject to various laws and regulations and our inability to comply with them may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and reputation.

Our subsidiary in India is licensed to act as a direct insurance broker (life and general) under the Insurance Brokers Regulations of India. Accordingly, we are subject to certain laws, regulations and licensing requirements. Insurance brokers operating in India are required to comply with various regulatory requirements, including stipulations that: (i) the principal officer and broker qualified persons of an insurance broker must undergo training and pass the relevant examinations specified by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (the “IRDAI”); (ii) the principal officer, directors, shareholders and key management personnel must fulfill the “fit and proper” criteria specified under the Insurance Brokers Regulations; (iii) insurance brokers may not undertake multi-level marketing for solicitation and procuring of insurance products; (iv) insurance brokers may not offer any rebate or any other inducement to a client; (v) insurance brokers must conduct their business in compliance with the code of conduct specified under the Insurance Brokers Regulations; and (vi) insurance brokers must ensure that not more than 50% of their remuneration emanates from one client in a financial year. The IRDAI may undertake inspection of the premises of an insurance broker to ascertain how activities are carried on, and inspect their books of accounts, records and documents. The Insurance Brokers Regulations specify certain approval and reporting requirements to be adhered to by the insurance brokers from time to time, as applicable. We would be subject to fines and penalties if we fail to comply with the Insurance Brokers Regulations. We derive revenues primarily from commissions and other fees paid by insurance carriers for insurance products purchased by our customers.

The commissions that we can charge to our insurer partners are based on charges set forth under the IRDAI (Payment of Commission or Remuneration or Reward to Insurance Agents and Insurance Intermediaries) Regulations, 2016 (“IRDAI Commissions Regulations”). The IRDAI (Minimum Information Required for Investigation and Inspection) Regulations, 2020 (“Minimum Information Regulations”), effective from May 23, 2021, are applicable to all insurers and insurance intermediaries in relation to purposes of investigation and inspection by the IRDAI.

Inter-related companies within the group are subject to a stringent regulatory framework that affects the flexibility of our operations and increases compliance costs, and any regulatory action against us and our employees may result in penalties and/or sanctions that could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

The regulatory and policy environment in which we operate is evolving and is subject to change. The government of India (“GoI”) may implement new laws or other regulations and policies that could affect the fintech industry, which could lead to new compliance requirements, including requiring us to obtain approvals and licenses from the GoI and other regulatory bodies, or impose onerous requirements. New compliance requirements could increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our subsidiary in the U.K. is licensed as a MGA, under which we are subject to stringent oversight by the FCA. Our operations must align with FCA regulations that are specifically tailored to govern the conduct and obligations of MGAs, which act as an intermediary between insurers and clients, with delegated authority to underwrite and process claims on behalf of insurers. Our adherence to these regulations encompasses a variety of compliance obligations, including but not limited to, ensuring that underwriting decisions are made with the requisite skill and care, maintaining accurate and secure records of insurance contracts, managing potential conflicts of interest, and safeguarding client funds. The FCA also imposes comprehensive conduct rules and solvency requirements that require us to act with due care in the interests of policyholders.

The FCA’s regime for MGAs mandates a high level of financial prudence and transparency, necessitating robust internal controls and reporting systems. Failure to meet these stringent regulatory requirements could result in significant sanctions, including financial penalties, suspension of authorization, or other disciplinary actions. Given the evolving nature of the regulatory environment, changes in the FCA’s rules or the introduction of new legislation could necessitate adjustments to our operational and compliance processes. These changes could carry implications for our business model and may incur additional compliance costs, ultimately impacting our financial results and operational flexibility.

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Roadzen is committed to maintaining a rigorous compliance posture to meet the FCA’s expectations for MGAs. Any lapse in our compliance framework could lead to regulatory scrutiny, damage our reputation, and negatively affect our business operations and financial position. It is imperative for us to continuously monitor regulatory developments and adapt our compliance measures accordingly to mitigate the risk of enforcement actions and to uphold the trust of our clients and partners.

The FCA has recently conducted a comprehensive review of the Guaranteed Asset Protection ("GAP") product, a key contributor to our operations in the U.K., resulting in a directive for all insurers, including our insurance partner, to temporarily cease selling the GAP product in February 2024. The regulator has mandated that insurers make a resubmission, or new GAP proposal, outlining the product features, coverages and pricing for approval by the FCA before sales of the GAP product can be resumed.

As our insurance partner is obligated to adhere to FCA guidelines, any delay or challenges in their obtaining FCA approval of their resubmission may have a negative impact on our business. The resubmission process introduces uncertainty, as there is no guarantee of swift regulatory approval. The temporary suspension of GAP sales may have a significant impact on our revenue, financial performance, and overall profitability. We are actively working with our insurance partner to address the concerns raised by the regulator, expedite the resubmission process, and seek timely FCA approval to resume GAP sales, however, there can be no assurance that the resubmission will receive prompt regulatory approval. Delays in obtaining approval may result in prolonged disruption to our business operations, potential reputational damage, and potential loss of clients and customer confidence. Additionally, the resubmission process may require adjustments to the GAP product, potentially increasing our costs and decreasing our profit margin and any delays or unfavorable outcomes may materially impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our subsidiary in the U.S. is licensed as an auto club in California, which exposes Roadzen to a distinct set of risks due to the stringent regulatory landscape enforced by the California Department of Insurance (“CDI”). Compliance with these regulations is paramount, as they govern a wide spectrum of our activities, including membership services, claims management, and financial integrity.

Our Ability to Manage Risk with Data and Technology

Our operations are highly dependent on the reliability, availability, and security of our technology platform and data. Our operations rely on the secure processing and storage of confidential information, including our information systems and networks and those of our third-party service providers. Disruptions in the technology platform, systems and control failures, security breaches, or inadvertent disclosure of user data could result in legal exposure, harm our reputation and brand, and ultimately affect our ability to attract and retain customers. Although we have implemented administrative and technical controls and have taken protective actions to reduce risk, such measures may be insufficient to prevent unauthorized and malicious attacks. As our technology-enabled platform is reliant on data from external parties, such attacks or disruption in our data sources can impact our ability to operate effectively and result in damage to our reputation and results.

Lock-up Agreements

In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, certain holders of equity in Vahanna and Roadzen (DE) entered into lock-up agreements (the “Lock-up Agreements”) with the Parent Company and Roadzen (DE). Pursuant to the Lock-up Agreements, certain holders of our ordinary shares agreed, subject to certain customary exceptions, to be subject to a lock-up period lasting until the earlier of (x) the one year anniversary of consummation of the Business Combination, (y) the date that the closing price of Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share recapitalizations, subdivisions, reorganizations and the like), for 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period at least 150 days following the Closing of the Business Combination, and (z) the consummation of a liquidation, merger, capital share exchange, reorganization, tender or exchange offer as the first step of a two-step transaction or other similar transaction that results in all of the Parent Company's shareholders having the right to exchange their equity holdings in the Parent Company for cash, securities or other property; provided that equityholders of Roadzen (DE) that held less than 5% of the equity securities of Roadzen (DE) (on a fully diluted basis) immediately prior to the Closing were permitted to transfer and/or sell up to 25% of their shares following the six month anniversary of the date of the Closing of the Business Combination. On April 1, 2024, 3,502,949 Ordinary Shares were released from the Lock-up Agreements pursuant to such provisions. In September 2024, holders of approximately 56 million ordinary shares subject to the Lock-up Agreements agreed to extend the lock-up period for an additional twelve months, to September 20, 2025 (subject to earlier termination as described above).

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We provide access to our IaaS solutions through contractual agreements with our customers, whereby the customer receives one or a bundle of our solutions, which can include inspection, claims management, RSA, and/or telematics offerings. The average contract length for our IaaS customers is approximately three years. Our clients pay us on a fixed fee per-incident or per-vehicle. Our brokerage revenues

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are based on commissions and fees that we receive from our insurance partners for selling their policies to customers as well as providing other client services such as claims management. Our commissions and fees are calculated as a percentage of the GWP underwritten for each policy.

Cost of Services

The cost of services for distribution business includes commissions paid to the point-of-sale person, cost of employees and other direct expenses related to facilities.

For our IaaS platform, cost of services primarily consists of direct costs involved in delivering the services to the customers, including external provider cost for inspections and RSA, as well as additional costs such as employee benefit expenses. Costs forming part of cost of revenue are recognized as incurred.

Research and Development

Research and development costs consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, employee benefits and other expenses. It also includes the cost of annotating data pipelines for AI, the cost of building and maintaining our own AI servers for training and the cloud costs for production deployments. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on adding new features and products.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses primarily include expenditures related to advertising, channel partner incentives, media, promotional and bundling costs, brand awareness activities, business development, corporate partnerships and allocated overhead costs. These expenses are a reflection of our efforts to expand our market reach for distributing insurance policies. Sales and marketing expenses also consist of employee-related costs directly associated with our sales and marketing activities, including salaries, stock-based compensation and employee benefits.

We plan to continue to invest in sales and marketing to grow our customer base and increase the awareness of end customers about our products. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future. While we expect our sales and marketing expenses to decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the long-term, our sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related costs for executive, finance, legal, human resources, IT, and facilities personnel, including salaries, stock-based compensation, employee benefits, professional fees for external legal, accounting, and other consulting services, and allocated overhead costs.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future to support our growth due to additional costs associated with legal, accounting, compliance, insurance, investor relations, and other costs as we operate as a public company. While we expect our general and administrative expenses to decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the long-term, our general and administrative expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization reflects the recognition of the cost of our tangible and intangible assets over their useful life. Depreciation expenses relate to equipment, hardware and purchased software. Amortization relates to investments related to recent acquisitions, internal software development and investments made in intellectual property development. Depreciation and amortization are expected to increase slightly in dollar amount over time but will likely decrease as a percentage of revenue as investments in platform technology reach scale.

Fair Value Changes in Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Our outstanding notes and warrants are financial liabilities measured at fair value with fair value changes recognized in profit or loss. We carry out a periodic fair valuation exercise and recognize the increase or decrease in the carrying values of these financial instruments in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Such fair value changes are primarily driven by changes in our equity value, risk free interest rates and credit risk premia.

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles with definite life

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles can arise from various factors, including economic fluctuations, industry changes, technological advancements, and evolving customer preferences. When the carrying value of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount,

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impairment occurs, leading to a decrease in reported value on our financial statements. Recognizing and addressing impairment in a timely and effective manner is essential. Regular assessments and impairment tests are necessary to identify potential impairments and determine the recoverable amount of these assets.

Income Tax Expense/(Benefit)

Income tax expense/(benefit) consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance against our U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions’ deferred tax assets because we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

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Results of Operations (all figures are denominated in US$)

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023

| For the three months ended September 30, |  | Change amount |  | % |
Particulars | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | 11,874,098 |  |  | 15,470,581 |  |  | (3,596,483 | ) |  | -23 | %
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services |  | 5,217,621 |  |  | 6,358,677 |  |  | (1,141,056 | ) |  | -18 | %
Research and development |  | 1,496,600 |  |  | 602,105 |  |  | 894,495 |  |  | 149 | %
Sales and marketing |  | 8,076,959 |  |  | 10,059,347 |  |  | (1,982,388 | ) |  | -20 | %
General and administrative |  | 20,430,960 |  |  | 5,577,477 |  |  | 14,853,483 |  |  | 266 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 193,372 |  |  | 413,315 |  |  | (219,943 | ) |  | -53 | %
Total costs and expenses |  | 35,415,512 |  |  | 23,010,921 |  |  | 12,404,591 |  |  | 54 | %
Loss from operations |  | (23,541,414 | ) |  | (7,540,340 | ) |  | (16,001,074 | ) |  | 212 | %
Interest income/(expense) |  | (626,834 | ) |  | (617,470 | ) |  | (9,364 | ) |  | 2 | %
Fair value gains/(losses) in financial instruments carried at fair value |  | (1,096,949 | ) |  | (23,590,000 | ) |  | 22,493,051 |  |  | -95 | %
Other income/(expense) net |  | 3,252,528 |  |  | 637,492 |  |  | 2,615,036 |  |  | 410 | %
Total other income/(expense) |  | 1,528,745 |  |  | (23,569,978 | ) |  | 25,098,723 |  |  | -106 | %
(Loss)/Income before income tax expense |  | (22,012,669 | ) |  | (31,110,318 | ) |  | 9,097,649 |  |  | -29 | %
Less: income tax (benefit)/expense |  | (181,264 | ) |  | 10,939 |  |  | (192,203 | ) |  | -1757 | %
Net (loss)/income before non-controlling interest |  | (21,831,405 | ) |  | (31,121,257 | ) |  | 9,289,852 |  |  | -30 | %
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax |  | (21,366 | ) |  | (39,457 | ) |  | 18,091 |  |  | -46 | %
Net (loss)/income attributable to Roadzen Inc. |  | (21,810,039 | ) |  | (31,081,800 | ) |  | 9,271,761 |  |  | -30 | %

Comparison of the Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023

| For the six months ended September 30, |  | Change amount |  | % |
Particulars | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | 20,805,615 |  |  | 21,081,491 |  |  | (275,876 | ) |  | -1 | %
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services |  | 10,645,061 |  |  | 8,848,771 |  |  | 1,796,290 |  |  | 20 | %
Research and development |  | 3,286,142 |  |  | 1,175,405 |  |  | 2,110,737 |  |  | 180 | %
Sales and marketing |  | 13,879,257 |  |  | 13,526,403 |  |  | 352,854 |  |  | 3 | %
General and administrative |  | 46,257,148 |  |  | 8,179,460 |  |  | 38,077,688 |  |  | 466 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 673,721 |  |  | 780,853 |  |  | (107,132 | ) |  | -14 | %
Total costs and expenses |  | 74,741,329 |  |  | 32,510,892 |  |  | 42,230,437 |  |  | 130 | %
Loss from operations |  | (53,935,714 | ) |  | (11,429,401 | ) |  | (42,506,313 | ) |  | 372 | %
Interest income/(expense) |  | (1,448,520 | ) |  | (835,424 | ) |  | (613,096 | ) |  | 73 | %
Fair value gains/(losses) in financial instruments carried at fair value |  | (18,249,009 | ) |  | (23,590,000 | ) |  | 5,340,991 |  |  | -23 | %
Other income/(expense) net |  | 3,274,880 |  |  | 699,922 |  |  | 2,574,958 |  |  | 368 | %
Total other income/(expense) |  | (16,422,649 | ) |  | (23,725,502 | ) |  | 7,302,853 |  |  | -31 | %
(Loss)/Income before income tax expense |  | (70,358,363 | ) |  | (35,154,903 | ) |  | (35,203,460 | ) |  | 100 | %
Less: income tax (benefit)/expense |  | (74,614 | ) |  | 33,350 |  |  | (107,964 | ) |  | -324 | %
Net (loss)/income before non-controlling interest |  | (70,283,749 | ) |  | (35,188,253 | ) |  | (35,095,496 | ) |  | 100 | %
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax |  | (66,685 | ) |  | (67,209 | ) |  | 524 |  |  | -1 | %
Net (loss)/income attributable to Roadzen Inc. |  | (70,217,064 | ) |  | (35,121,044 | ) |  | (35,096,020 | ) |  | 100 | %

Revenue

Revenue decreased by $3.6 million representing a change of -23% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease was driven primarily by the suspension of the GAP product in the U.K.

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Revenue decreased by 0.3 million representing a change of -1% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease was primarily attributed to suspension of GAP product in the U.K. with a subset of increase in organic revenue in the previous quarter.

Roadzen sold 70,618 policies for a total GWP of approximately $10.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to 78,009 policies for a total GWP of approximately $20.6 million for the same period in the prior year. Additionally, 607,577 claims, roadside assistance and vehicle inspections were conducted during the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 406,897 for the same period in the prior year.

Cost of Services

Cost of services decreased by $1.1 million representing a change of -18% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the decrease in revenue.

Cost of services increased by $1.8 million representing a change of 20% for the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the cost of services for acquired entities NAC and GIM, which were not included for April 2023 to May 23, and April 2023 to June 2023 respectively

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased by $0.9 million representing a change of 149% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to higher non-cash compensation expense of $1.0 million related to RSU grants.

Research and development expenses increased by $2.1 million representing a change of 180% for the six months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to increased non-cash compensation expense of $2.4 million related to RSU grants and capitalization of technology personnel costs.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $2.0 million representing a change of -20% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily attributable to decrease in Sales & Marketing expenses in the U.K. because of the pause of the GAP product, and $1.3 million increase in non-cash compensation expense related to RSU grants.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.4 million representing a change of 3% for the six months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to the decrease in Sales & Marketing expenses in the U.K. due to the GAP product pause, and $3.2 million increase of non-cash compensation expense related to RSU grants.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses ("G&A") increased by $14.9 million representing a change of 266% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period last year primarily due to $14.6 million of non-cash expense increase related to RSU grants.

G&A increased by $38.1 million representing a change of 466% for the six months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due primarily due to $37.4 million of higher non-cash expense related to RSU grants.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization decreased by $0.2 million representing a change of -53% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to decapitalization of a part of software capitalized during fiscal year 2024.

Depreciation and amortization decreased by $0.1 million representing a change of -14% for the six months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year.

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Interest Income (Expense)

Interest expense increased by $0.01 million representing a change of 2% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to an increase in borrowings from banks.

Interest expense increased by $0.6 million representing a change of 73% for the six months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to an increase in borrowings from banks and the issuance of non-convertible debentures.

Fair Value Gains (Losses) in Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Losses on fair valuation changes decreased by $22.5 million representing a change of -95% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the fair valuation of our Forward Purchase Agreement and convertible instruments, derivative warrants at each reporting period.

Loss on fair valuation changes decreased by $5.3 million representing a change of -23% for the six months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period last year. This was primarily due to the fair valuation losses of our Forward Purchase Agreement, convertible promissory notes, and share warrants.

Other Income / (Expense)

Other Income increased by $2.6 million representing a change of 410% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the write back of certain provisions and liabilities of $3.8 million, and $0.7 million customer contracts write-off created as a Purchase price allocation at the time of acquisition of Global Insurance Management.

Other Income increased by $2.6 million representing a change of 368% for the six months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to $3.8 million write back of certain provisions and liabilities, and $0.7 million customer contracts write-off created as a Purchase price allocation at the time of acquisition of Global Insurance Management.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) is a non-GAAP financial measure which excludes the impact of finance costs, taxes, depreciation and amortization and certain other items from reported net profit or loss. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA aids investors by providing an operating profit/loss without the impact of non-cash depreciation and amortization and certain other items to help clarify sustainability and trends affecting the business. For comparability of reporting, management considers non-GAAP measures in conjunction with U.S. GAAP financial results in evaluating business performance. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, the measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following table reconciles our net loss reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and the same period in the prior year:

| For the three months ended September 30, |
Particulars | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Net loss |  | (21,831,405 | ) |  | (31,121,257 | )
Adjusted for: |  |  |  |
Other (income)/expense net |  | (3,252,528 | ) |  | (637,492 | )
Interest (income)/expense |  | 626,834 |  |  | 617,470 |
Fair value changes in financial instruments carried at fair value(1) |  | 1,096,949 |  |  | 23,590,000 |
Tax (benefit)/expense |  | (181,264 | ) |  | 10,939 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 193,372 |  |  | 413,315 |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 20,746,267 |  |  | 3,526,209 |
Non-cash expenses |  | 351,130 |  |  | - |
Non-recurring expenses |  | 105,725 |  |  | - |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | (2,144,920 | ) |  | (3,600,816 | )

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(1) Fair value changes in financial instruments are considered to be financing costs as they relate to convertible notes, share warrants and the Forward Purchase Agreement. These changes are non-cash as these changes in fair value are affected by the volatility of the Company’s share price.

The following table reconciles our net loss reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP to Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and the same period in the prior year:

| For the six months ended September 30, |
Particulars | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Net loss |  | (70,283,749 | ) |  | (35,188,253 | )
Adjusted for: |  |  |  |
Other (income)/expense net |  | (3,274,880 | ) |  | (699,922 | )
Interest (income)/expense |  | 1,448,520 |  |  | 835,424 |
Fair value changes in financial instruments carried at fair value(1) |  | 18,249,009 |  |  | 23,590,000 |
Tax (benefit)/expense |  | (74,614 | ) |  | 33,350 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 673,721 |  |  | 780,853 |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 46,977,256 |  |  | 3,526,209 |
Non-cash expenses |  | 636,190 |  |  | - |
Non-recurring expenses |  | 630,483 |  |  | 1,819,746 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | (5,018,064 | ) |  | (5,302,593 | )

(1) Fair value changes in financial instruments are considered to be financing costs as they relate to convertible notes, share warrants and the Forward Purchase Agreement. These changes are non-cash as these changes in fair value are affected by the volatility of the Company’s share price.

Limitations and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for financial information presented under U.S. GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of non-GAAP financial measures versus comparable financial measures determined under U.S. GAAP. For example, other companies in our industry may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance. These limitations could reduce the usefulness of these non-GAAP financial measures as analytical tools. Investors are encouraged to review the related U.S. GAAP financial measures and the reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures and to not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our incorporation, we have financed our operations primarily through the issuance of equity, convertible instruments, debt (including working capital lines), and customer payments. As of September 30, 2024, we have raised an aggregate of $43.2 million, net of issuance costs, through the issuance of preferred stock of Roadzen (DE) and the issuance of convertible and non-convertible instruments. Our accumulated deficit stood at $222.3 million as of September 30, 2024, up from $151.5 million from March 31, 2024. These accumulated deficits stem from substantial operating losses which amounted to $41.6 million and $36.1 million, fair valuation losses of $55.4 million and $37.1 million, RSU vesting expenses of $103.3 million and $56.3 million, transaction costs arising from the Business Combination of $17.7 million and $17.7 million, and impairment of investment and intangible assets of $4.3 million and $4.3 million as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. We anticipate that we will continue to experience operating losses and generate negative cash flows from operations over an extended period due to the planned investments in our business. Consequently, we may need to secure additional capital resources to support the execution of our strategic initiatives for growing our business in the coming years.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, our growth, our ability to attract and retain customers, the continued market acceptance of our solutions, the timing and extent of spending to support our efforts to develop our platform, and the expansion of sales and marketing activities. Further, we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services and technologies. We will be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:

| For the six months ended September 30, |  | Change amount |
Particulars | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |
Cash flow from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss including non-controlling interest |  | (70,283,749 | ) |  | (35,188,253 | ) |  | (35,095,496 | )
Adjustments for cash flow from operation |  | 62,464,952 |  |  | 28,117,609 |  |  | 34,347,343 |
Changes in working capital |  | (3,432,368 | ) |  | (8,057,165 | ) |  | 4,624,797 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (11,251,165 | ) |  | (15,127,809 | ) |  | 3,876,644 |
Cash flow from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  | 39,443 |  |  | (136,220 | ) |  | 175,663 |
Acquisition of businesses |  | - |  |  | (5,748,000 | ) |  | 5,748,000 |
Investment in mutual funds |  | 193,606 |  |  | - |  |  | 193,606 |
Proceeds from forward purchase agreement |  | 1,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Net Cash used in investing activities |  | 1,233,049 |  |  | (5,884,220 | ) |  | 6,117,269 |
Cash flow from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issue of preferred stock |  | - |  |  | 6,079,409 |  |  | (6,079,409 | )
Proceeds from long-term borrowings |  | - |  |  | 2,805,418 |  |  | (2,805,418 | )
Repayment of long-term borrowings |  | - |  |  | (569,207 | ) |  | 569,207 |
Net proceeds/(payments) from short-term borrowings |  | 4,460,327 |  |  | 9,218,689 |  |  | (4,758,362 | )
Net cash generated from financing activities |  | 4,460,327 |  |  | 17,567,079 |  |  | (13,106,752 | )

Operating Activities

Our largest sources of cash provided by operations are increases in accounts payables and payments received from our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities include employee-related expenses, sales and marketing expenses, third-party cloud infrastructure expenses and other overhead costs.

Net cash used in operating activities was $11.3 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $15.1 million for the six months ended September 30, 2023. This consisted of a net loss of $70.3 million and net cash outflows of $3.4 million provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities, and partially offset by non-cash charge add-backs of $62.5 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of fair valuation losses of $18.2 million, stock based compensation of $47.0 million and depreciation/amortization of $0.7 million.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $1.2 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024, which primarily consisted of $1 million received from the FPA and $0.2 million from sale of mutual fund (held for sale).

Financing Activities

We have generated negative cash flows from operations since our inception and have supplemented working capital through net proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt and preferred equity securities. Cash provided by financing activities was $4.5 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024, which primarily consisted of loans from banks and other parties.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2024

(1)
The amount of debt represents the carrying amount of borrowings (excluding interest) which the Company is obligated to repay in cash.

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Description of Indebtedness:

Particulars |  |  | For thhe period ended September 30, 2024 |
| Total |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-3 year |  | 3-5 year |  | After |
Debt(1) |  | 23,735,560 |  |  | 22,404,472 |  |  | 1,289,815 |  |  | 41,273 |  |  |
Operating Leases(2) |  | 1,058,723 |  |  | 357,464 |  |  | 329,480 |  |  | 182,254 |  |  | 189,525 |
Deferred Revenue |  | 1,327,122 |  |  | 964,681 |  |  | 353,318 |  |  | 9,123 |  |  |
Accounts Payable & accrued expenses |  | 34,134,516 |  |  | 34,134,516 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | 60,255,921 |  |  | 57,861,133 |  |  | 1,972,613 |  |  | 232,650 |  |  | 189,525 |

(1)
The amount of debt represents the carrying amount of borrowings (excluding interest) which the Company is obligated to repay in cash.

| As of September 30, 2024 |  | As of March 31, 2024 |
Particulars | Long Term Borrowings |  | Short Term Borrowings |  | Long Term Borrowings |  | Short Term Borrowings |
Loans from banks |  | 121,796 |  |  | 236,173 |  |  | 112,169 |  |  | 781,455 |
Secured debentures |  | 2,203,787 |  |  |  |  | 2,214,754 |  |  |
Convertible debenture |  | 1,226,560 |  |  |  |  | 1,374,481 |  |  |
Current portion of long-term borrowings |  | (2,221,055 | ) |  | 2,221,055 |  |  | (2,228,471 | ) |  | 2,228,471 |
Loan from Related Parties |  |  |  | 1,080,444 |  |  |  |  | 1,096,109 |
Loan from Others |  |  |  | 18,866,800 |  |  |  |  | 13,877,265 |
|  | 1,331,088 |  |  | 22,404,472 |  |  | 1,472,933 |  |  | 17,983,300 |

(2)
The Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, which expire on various dates through September 2028. The operating lease includes $303,701 of imputed interest due to implementation of ASC-842.

Operating Lease Commitment:

Particulars | Long Term Borrowings |
Operating Leases: |  |
Other current liabilities |  | 397,957 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | 379,697 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | 777,654 |

Senior Secured Mizuho Notes

On June 30, 2023, Roadzen entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the "Note Purchase Agreement") with Mizuho Securities USA LLC (“Mizuho”), as administrative agent and collateral agent, and as a purchaser, pursuant to which Mizuho purchased an aggregate principal amount of $7,500,000 of senior secured notes (the "Mizuho Notes"). The Mizuho Notes bear interest at a rate of 15.0% per annum, which will automatically increase by 5% if we fail to prepay the Mizuho Notes upon the occurrence of certain mandatory prepayment events as set forth in the Note Purchase Agreement. The Mizuho Notes were originally scheduled to mature on June 30, 2024. On June 30, 2024, Mizuho granted to the Company a waiver of payment until July 31, 2024. On July 26, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the senior secured notes, providing for an additional $4 million in principal amount to a total of $11.5 million, and an extension of the maturity date to December 31, 2024. Terms of the notes are otherwise the same as the original notes issued in June 2023, including an interest rate of 15% per annum, and did not require any additional warrants.

As a condition precedent to closing under the Note Purchase Agreement, Roadzen entered into a Security Agreement, pursuant to which each of the Loan Parties, as defined therein, granted a first priority lien on substantially all of Roadzen's assets to Mizuho, as administrative agent and collateral agent.

Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, because the Mizuho Notes were not repaid in full by December 30, 2023, we became obligated to issue to the noteholders, warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares equal to 2.5% of the ownership interests of Roadzen on a

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fully diluted basis as of June 30, 2023, the date of the closing on the Note Purchase Agreement (the “Mizuho Warrants”). The shares underlying the Mizuho Warrants are referred to herein as the “Mizuho Warrant Shares.” On May 14, 2024, the Company issued the Mizuho Warrants representing a right to purchase 1,432.517 Ordinary Shares at a purchase price of $0.001 per share. The Mizuho Warrants will expire five (5) years after issuance or earlier upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the issuer. The number of Mizuho Warrant Shares underlying and the applicable exercise price of the Mizuho Warrants are subject to customary adjustment for dividends, splits, reclassifications and other modifications. The Note Purchase Agreement contains certain covenants that restrict the Loan Parties’ ability to, among other things, transfer or sell assets, create liens, incur indebtedness, make payments and investments and transact with affiliates. Additionally, the Loan Parties are collectively required to maintain a cash reserve of at least $1 million in the aggregate to satisfy the minimum liquidity condition as set forth in the Note Purchase Agreement.

The Note Purchase Agreement provides for customary events of default, if not cured or waived, would result in the acceleration of substantially all of the outstanding debt and interest owed under the Mizuho Notes (and any other debt containing a cross-default or cross-acceleration provision) and default interest of an additional two percent (2.0%) for so long as an event of default is continuing.

December 2023 Junior Unsecured Convertible Debenture

On December 15, 2023, the Company issued a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "December 2023 Convertible SPA"), among the Company and the investors party thereto from time to time. Pursuant to the terms of the December 2023 Convertible SPA, the Company may issue and sell an aggregate of up to $50 million in principal amount of convertible debentures (the “December 2023 Convertible Debentures”), on a private placement basis (collectively, the “December 2023 Private Placement”). The Company held an initial closing of the December 2023 Private Placement, at which it received $400,000 in proceeds on December 15, 2023. On January 19, 2024, the Company issued an additional convertible debenture under the December 2023 Convertible SPA in the principal amount of $500,000 to Supurna VedBrat (the “VedBrat Debenture”), a director of the Company, for a purchase price equal to the principal amount of the VedBrat Debenture. Also on January 19, 2024, Ms. VedBrat became a party to the December 2023 Convertible SPA and entered into a letter agreement with the Company (the “Letter Agreement”) with respect to her investment in the Company pursuant to the VedBrat Debenture. On February 7, 2024 the Company issued an additional convertible debenture under the December 2023 Convertible SPA in the principal amount of $200,000 and may sell additional Debentures at additional closings from time to time.

The December 2023 Convertible Debentures bear interest, in arrears, at a rate of 13% per annum, payable semi-annually commencing on June 15, 2024, and matures on December 15, 2025. Interest is payable in kind, subject to the right of the Company to make any interest payments in cash. The Debentures are convertible into the Company’s Ordinary Shares, at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per Ordinary Share (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like. In addition, if the average volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for the 30 trading days immediately preceding December 15, 2024 (the “Average VWAP”) is less than the Conversion Price then in effect, the Conversion Price will be adjusted to an amount equal to such Average VWAP, subject to a floor of 85% of the Conversion Price then in effect. The Company has the right to require the Debentures to be converted into Ordinary Shares if the closing price of the Ordinary Shares exceeds 130% of the then-applicable Conversion Price for any 20 trading days within a consecutive 30 trading day-period.

The indebtedness evidenced by the December 2023 Convertible Debentures is subordinate to all other indebtedness of the Company. The Company has agreed in the December 2023 Convertible Debentures that it will not, while the December 2023 Convertible Debentures remain outstanding, incur additional indebtedness other than indebtedness (i) evidenced by other December 2023 Convertible Debentures, (ii) senior to the December 2023 Convertible Debentures in an aggregate principal amount of no more than $50 million and (iii) pari passu or junior to the December 2023 Convertible Debentures in an aggregate principal amount of no more than $50 million. The December 2023 Convertible Debentures contain customary events of default, including defaults in payment or performance that remain uncured after specified cure periods and certain events of bankruptcy.

Pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement, the Company has (i) granted Ms. VedBrat certain most favored nations rights with respect to future issuances of securities while the VedBrat Debenture is outstanding and (ii) agreed to issue to Ms. VedBrat, warrants to purchase a number of Ordinary Shares equal in value as of December 15, 2023 to ten percent (10%) of the original principal balance of the VedBrat Debenture, at an exercise price of $8.50 per share. The Company entered into a substantially similar letter agreement with the first investor that purchased December 2023 Convertible Debentures at the initial closing under the December 2023 Convertible SPA.

Senior Secured 2024 Notes

On March 28, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “March 2024 SPA”) with Supurna VedBrat and Krishnan-Shah Family Partners, LP (together, the “2024 Purchasers”). Ms. VedBrat is a director of the Company. Ajay Shah, another

49

director of the Company, and his wife, are trustees of the general partner of the Krishnan-Shah Family Partners, LP. Each of the 2024 Purchasers purchased $500,000 in principal amount of the 2024 SPA Notes on the date of the March 2024 SPA (the "March 2024 Notes"). On May 23, 2024, Ms. VedBrat purchased an additional $500,000 in principal amount of the 2024 SPA Notes (the "May 2024 Note").

Pursuant to the terms of the March 2024 SPA, the Company may issue and sell up to an additional $2.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 SPA Notes to one or more other purchasers. The March 2024 SPA contains covenants by the Company, including requirements to cause each of its subsidiaries (other than certain excluded subsidiaries) to guaranty the Company’s obligations under the 2024 SPA Notes and to take certain actions required to grant the 2024 Purchasers perfected security interests in the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries (subject to the existing liens of Mizuho). Pursuant to the terms of the March 2024 SPA, the Company and the 2024 Purchasers will enter into the Buyer Security Documents as defined in the March 2024 SPA.

The 2024 SPA Notes bear interest at a rate of 17.5% per annum and mature on the six-month anniversary of funding of the respective note (the “Initial Rate Adjustment Date”). Interest is payable in cash or in kind, at the option of the Company, on each three-month anniversary of funding through the Initial Rate Adjustment Date (after which date all interest is payable in cash unless the parties agree to payment in kind). The Company’s failure to repay all principal and accrued interest by the Initial Rate Adjustment Date would not constitute an event of default under the applicable 2024 SPA Note, however, the interest rate payable under such 2024 SPA Note would increase on such date to 19.5% per annum going forward, and thereafter would increase by an additional 200 basis points on each monthly anniversary of the Initial Rate Adjustment Date until each of the respective 2024 SPA Notes is paid in full, subject to a maximum interest rate of 29.5% per annum. Following the Initial Rate Adjustment Date, all unpaid principal and accrued interest would be payable within five business days of the holder’s written demand. If any interest under the 2024 SPA Notes is paid in kind, such payment would be made through the issuance of that number of the Company’s ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value per share (“Ordinary Shares”), calculated by dividing the amount payable by the lowest of (i) $8.00, (ii) the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Ordinary Shares over the 60 trading days ending three trading days prior to the interest payment date, (iii) the opening price per share of the Ordinary Shares in any public offering of Ordinary Shares after the issuance of the respective 2024 SPA Notes, and (iv) the price per Ordinary Share after market close on the first day of trading following any such public offering of Ordinary Shares.

The indebtedness evidenced by the 2024 SPA Notes is intended to rank senior to all outstanding and future indebtedness of the Company, other than the Company’s outstanding indebtedness to Mizuho, and is to be secured pursuant to the Buyer Security Documents. The 2024 SPA Notes contain covenants of the Company that, among other things, prohibit the Company from incurring additional indebtedness or liens, subject to certain exceptions, for so long as the 2024 SPA Notes are outstanding. The 2024 SPA Notes contain customary events of default, including certain defaults in payment or performance and certain events of bankruptcy.

Also pursuant to the terms of the March 2024 SPA, the Company agreed to issue to each Purchaser warrants (the “March 2024 SPA Warrants”) to purchase, for each $10,000 in original principal amount of 2024 SPA Notes purchased, 1,000 Ordinary Shares. Each of the March 2024 SPA Warrant will be exercisable at any time during the period commencing on March 28, 2025 (the “Vesting Date”) through March 28, 2031 (or until the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, if earlier). The exercise price of the March 2024 SPA Warrants is equal to 80% of the lower of (i) the VWAP of the Company’s Ordinary Shares (RZDN), as reported on the relevant market or exchange, over the 60 trading days subsequent to the first loan funding, (ii) the opening price of any public offering of straight equity securities of the Company occurring within six months after the issue date of the March 2024 SPA Warrants and (iii) the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares over the 60 trading days immediately prior to the Vesting Date. The March 2024 SPA Warrants have customary anti-dilution protections in the event the Company declares dividends or distributions on the Ordinary Shares or subdivides, combines or reclassifies its outstanding Ordinary Shares. On April 22, 2024, the Company issued March 2024 SPA Warrants to purchase 50,000 Ordinary Shares to Krishnan-Shah Family Partners, LP. On June 20, 2024, the Company issued March 2024 SPA Warrants to purchase 50,000 Ordinary Shares to Ms. VedBrat and the Company expects to issue March 2024 SPA Warrants to purchase an additional 50,000 Ordinary Shares to Ms. VedBrat in connection with her purchase of the May 2024 Note.

Secured, Non-Convertible 2022 Debentures

One of our material subsidiaries issued Secured, Non-Convertible Debentures with NP1 Capital Trust with an aggregate principal amount of $3.7 million during the FY. 22-23 with varying maturity dates between January 2024 and July 2024 and interest rates ranging from 19.25% to 20.00% per annum. The principal outstanding as on September 30, 2024 is $2.22 million. On September 30, 2024 the Company entered into an amendment agreement restructuring the principal repayments and extending the maturity date to March 31, 2025.

Debt Exchange

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In July 2024, the Company announced it was kicking off a balance sheet reconstitution program aimed at strengthening and simplifying its balance sheet, while addressing the legacy overhang inherited through the going-public process. To start this program, the Company agreed to convert $2.5 million of its accounts payables and $0.9 million of its short term borrowings due to entities affiliated with its Chairman and CEO into equity.

Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2024. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards and to adopt certain of the reduced disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies. As a result of the accounting standards election, the Company will not be subject to the same implementation timeline for new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies which may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements to those of other public companies more difficult.

Net Income (Loss) per Ordinary Share

The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Net income per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the period.

The calculation of diluted income per ordinary share does not consider the effect of the Company's outstanding warrants since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As a result, diluted net income per ordinary share is the same as basic net income per ordinary share for the periods presented.

Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our financial statements.

ITEM 3. Quantit ative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act. As a result, pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

ITEM 4. C ontrols and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions

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regarding required disclosure. Our management evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our “Certifying Officers”), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Certifying Officers concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PA RT II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGA L PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we may be subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and we are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceeding against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.

IT EM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K we filed with the SEC on July 1, 2024 which are incorporated herein by reference. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. We may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Recent actions by the FCA could materially impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The U.K.'s financial regulatory body, the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") has recently conducted a comprehensive review of the Guaranteed Asset Protection (GAP) product, a key contributor to our operations in the UK, resulting in a directive for all insurers, including our insurance partner, to temporarily cease selling the GAP product in February 2024. The regulator has mandated that insurers make a resubmission, or new GAP proposal, outlining the product features, coverages and pricing for approval by the FCA before sales of the GAP product can be resumed.

As our insurance partner is obligated to adhere to FCA guidelines, any delay or challenges in them obtaining FCA approval of their resubmission may have a negative impact on our business. The resubmission process introduces uncertainty, as there is no guarantee of swift regulatory approval. The temporary suspension of GAP sales has had, and may continue in the future to have a significant impact on our revenue, financial performance, and overall profitability. We are actively working with our insurance partner to address the concerns raised by the regulator, expedite the resubmission process, and seek timely FCA approval to resume GAP sales, however, there can be no assurance that the resubmission will receive prompt regulatory approval. Continued delays in obtaining approval may result in prolonged disruption to our business operations, potential reputation damage, and potential loss of clients and customer confidence. Additionally, the resubmission process may require adjustments to the GAP product, potentially increasing our costs and decreasing our profit margin and any delays or unfavorable outcomes may materially impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 2. UNRE GISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

Other than as previously disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K, none.

ITEM 3. DEF AULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

ITEM 4. M INE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OT HER INFORMATION.

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibits
4.1 |  | Form of warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Roadzen Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40194), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2024)
4.2 |  | Amended and Restated Senior Secured Note, dated July 26, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Roadzen Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40194), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 31, 2024)
4.3 |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement, dated July 26, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Roadzen Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40194), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 31, 2024)
10.1 |  | Form of Binding Term Sheets dated as of July 18, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Roadzen Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40194), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2024)
10.2 |  | Form of Lock-Up Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Roadzen Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40194), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 27, 2024)
31.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1** |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002
32.2** |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* |  | Filed herewith.
** |  | Furnished.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ROADZEN INC.
By: |  | /s/ Rohan Malhotra
|  | Name: Rohan Malhotra
|  | Title: Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

ROADZEN INC.
By: |  | /s/ Jean-Noël Gallardo
|  | Name: Jean-Noël Gallardo
|  | Title: Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)

Dated: November 13, 2024

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