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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 6 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and have been consistently applied.
Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements | Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements - The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual financial statements, and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments consisting of only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the Company's financial position as of December 31, 2021 and its results of operations and cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The financial data and other financial information disclosed in the notes to these condensed consolidated interim financial statements related to the six-month periods are also unaudited. The results of operations for the six months ended December 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any other period. The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation – The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company, all the subsidiaries, VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs of the Company. All transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Variable Interest Entities | Variable Interest Entities - A VIE is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company performs ongoing assessments to determine whether an entity should be considered a VIE and whether an entity previously identified as a VIE continues to be a VIE and whether the Company continues to be the primary beneficiary. Assets recognized as a result of consolidating VIEs do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against the Company’s general assets. Conversely, liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets; rather, they represent claims against the specific assets of the consolidated VIEs.
Currency Translation | Currency Translation - The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Yuan (“RMB”) and the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been expressed in Chinese Yuan. The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements as of and for the six months ended December 31, 2021 have been translated into United States dollars (“U.S. dollars”) solely for the convenience of the readers. The translation has been made at the rate of ¥6.3614 = US$1.00, the approximate exchange rate prevailing on December 31, 2021. These translated U.S. dollar amounts should not be construed as representing Chinese Yuan amounts or that the Chinese Yuan amounts have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars.
Estimates and Assumptions | Estimates and Assumptions - The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, which requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are adjusted to reflect actual experience when necessary. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include allowance for credit losses related to trade accounts receivable, other receivables and purchase advances, allowance for inventory, the useful lives of property and equipment, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment assessment for long-lived assets, goodwill and unconsolidated entity, the discount rate for lease and investment, valuation of the convertible notes, price purchase allocation for business combination and the fair value of share- based payments. The use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process; actual results could differ from those estimates. The key assumptions underlying the Company’s accounting for material arrangements and the reasonably likely material effects of resolving any uncertainties on the Company’s allowance for credit losses related to purchase advances. The production of the Company’s products requires custom-made equipment from its suppliers. To ensure that it can secure the required customized equipment, the Company often needs to make full prepayment for its intended purchases. As a standard practice in the petroleum extraction industry, the Company generally must submit a bid in order to secure the sales contract. The bidding process generally takes between one month to one year and the timing depends on the size of the overall project, which timing and size are generally controlled by its client. In order to secure timely purchase delivery and to meet its product delivery schedule, the Company normally prepays for the purchase advances if the Company believes that it is more than likely to win the bid for the sales contract which is accounted as pre-contract costs. After winning the bid and securing the sale contract, the Company normally needs to deliver its products approximately within one week to six months. Based on the Company’s historical experience, the Company generally is able to realize its purchase advances on the customized equipment that it orders. If it subsequently confirms that the Company is unable to secure the planned contracts with a customer after making the advance payments for these planned contracts, the Company evaluates the probable recoverability of the pre-contract cost and charges to expenses when the Company determines that the recovery of such pre-contract cost is improbable.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments | Fair Values of Financial Instruments - The US GAAP accounting standards regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements define fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs are defined as follows: Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable. Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset. The Company measures certain financial assets, including investments under the equity method on other-than-temporary basis, intangible assets and fixed assets at fair value when an impairment charge is recognized. The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim balance sheets for trade accounts receivable, other receivables, purchase advances, trade accounts payable, convertible notes payable, accrued liabilities, advances from customers, investment payable, short-term bank loan and short-term borrowings approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.
Cash | Cash - Cash includes cash on hand consisting of coins, currency, undeposited checks, money orders and drafts, demand deposits in banks, certain short-term highly liquid investments and cash in transit.
Trade Accounts,Net, Other Receivables, Net and Loan to Third Parties | Trade Accounts, Net, Other Receivables, Net and Loan to Third Parties - Accounts receivable are carried at original invoiced amount less a provision for any potential uncollectible amounts. In July 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Topics 326-Credit Loss, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology, as its accounting standard for its trade accounts receivable and other receivables. Other receivables and loan to third parties arise from transactions with non-trade customers. The adoption of the credit loss accounting standard has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated interim financial statements as of July 1, 2020. Accounts receivable, other receivables and loan to third parties are recognized and carried at carrying amount less an allowance for credit loss, if any. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses resulting from the inability of its trade and non-trade customers (“customers”) to make required payments based on contractual terms. The Company reviews the collectability of its receivables on a regular and ongoing basis. The Company has also included in calculation of allowance for credit losses, the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers businesses and their ability to pay their accounts receivable, other receivables and loan to third parties. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. The Company also considers external factors to the specific customer, including current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions, including the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the event the Company recovers amounts previously reserved for, the Company will reduce the specific allowance for credit losses. The balance of allowance for credit loss as of December 31, 2021 decreased approximately ¥2,992,018 ($470,338) from June 30, 2021. The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of all of its customers individually before accepting them and continuously monitors the recoverability of accounts receivable, other receivables and loan to third parties. If there are any indicators that a customer may not make payment, the Company may consider making provision for non-collectability for that particular customer. At the same time, the Company may cease further sales or services to such customer. The following are some of the factors that the Company considers in determining whether to discontinue sales, record as contra revenue or allowance for credit losses:
● | the oil price and fluctuation of the overall oil industry;
● | the customer fails to comply with its payment schedule;
● | the customer is in serious financial difficulty;
● | a significant dispute with the customer has occurred regarding job progress or other matters;
● | the customer breaches any of the contractual obligations;
● | the customer appears to be financially distressed due to economic or legal factors;
● | the business between the customer and the Company is not active; and
● | other objective evidence indicates non-collectability of the accounts receivable, other receivables and loan to third parties.
The Company considers the following factors when determining whether to permit a longer payment period or provide other concessions to customers:
● | the customer’s past payment history;
● | the customer’s general risk profile, including factors such as the customer’s size, age, and public or private status;
● | macroeconomic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay; and
● | the relative importance of the customer relationship to the Company’s business.
Notes Receivable | Notes Receivable - Notes receivable represent short-term notes receivable issued by reputable financial institutions that entitle the Company to receive the full-face amount from the financial institutions at maturity, which generally range from three to six months from the date of issuance.
Purchase Advances, Net | Purchase Advances, Net - Purchase advances are the amounts prepaid to suppliers for business activities, such as standard raw materials, supplies and services. These types of prepayments will be expensed when those products or services have been rendered or consumed.
Inventories, Net | Inventories, Net - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in-first-out basis. The methods of determining inventory costs are used consistently from year to year. Allowance for inventory obsolescence is provided when the market value of certain inventory items is lower than the cost.
Property and Equipment, Net | Property and Equipment, Net - Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation on motor vehicles and office equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from two to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. ​
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Items |  | Useful life
Motor vehicles |  | 5-10 years
Office equipment |  | 2-5 years
Production equipment |  | 10-20 years
Land Use Rights, Net | Land Use Rights, Net - According to the Chinese laws and regulations regarding land use rights, land in urban districts is owned by the State, while land in the rural areas and suburban areas, except otherwise provided for by the State, is collectively owned by individuals designated as resident farmers by the State. In accordance with the legal principle that land ownership is separate from the right to the use of the land, the government grants individuals and companies the rights to use parcels of land for a specified period of time. Land use rights which are usually prepaid, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided over the life of the land use rights, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful life is 50 years, based on the term of the land use rights.
Goodwill | Goodwill - Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired. The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill of the reporting unit would be considered impaired. To measure the amount of the impairment loss, the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For each of these tests, the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units is determined using a combination of valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow methodology. To corroborate the discounted cash flow analysis performed at each reporting unit, a market approach is utilized using observable market data such as comparable companies in similar lines of business that are publicly traded or which are part of a public or private transaction (to the extent available). Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the Step 2 must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2017-04, simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which permits the Company to impair the difference between carrying amounts in excess of the fair value of the reporting unit as the reduction in goodwill. ASU 2017-04 eliminates the requirement in previous GAAP to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.
Intangible assets, net | Intangible assets, net – Intangible assets is composed of customer relationship, which is measured at fair value on initial recognition. Identifiable intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of subsidiaries accounted for using the purchase method of accounting are estimated by management based on the fair value of assets received. The Company amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment. The Company typically amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the contractual terms or the estimated useful lives.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Fair value is determined based on the estimated discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. There was no impairment for the long-lived assets for the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2021.
Long-term Investments | Long-term Investments ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The main provisions require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value through earnings, unless they qualify for a measurement alternative. The new guidance requires modified retrospective application to all outstanding instruments for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to opening accumulated deficit as of the beginning of the first period in which the guidance becomes effective. However, changes to the accounting for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value would be applied prospectively. The Company adopted the new financial instruments accounting standard from July 1, 2018.
- | Equity Investments with Readily Determinable Fair Values - Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded at fair value using the market approach based on the quoted prices in active markets at the reporting date. The Company classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1 of fair value measurements.
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- | Equity Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Values - After the adoption of this new accounting standard, the Company elected to record equity investments without readily determinable fair values and not accounted for under the equity method at cost, less impairment, adjusted for subsequent observable price changes on a nonrecurring basis, and report changes in the carrying value of the equity investments in current earnings. Changes in the carrying value of the equity investments are required to be made whenever there are observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The implementation guidance notes that an entity should make a “reasonable effort” to identify price changes that are known or that can reasonably be known.
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- | Equity Investments Accounted for Using the Equity Method - The Company accounts for its equity investment over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control using the equity method. The Company adjusts the carrying amount of the investment and recognizes investment income or loss for share of the earnings or loss of the investee after the date of investment. The Company assesses its equity investment for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the entities, including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other entity-specific information. The fair value determination, particularly for investment in privately held entities, requires judgment to determine appropriate estimates and assumptions.
| Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation of the fair value of the investment and determination of whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary.
An impairment charge is recorded if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary. The Company recorded no impairment loss on its equity method investment during the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2021. The Company recorded a (¥251,296) investment loss and 15,411 ($2,423) investment income on its equity method investment in unconsolidated entity during the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2021.
Business Combinations | Business Combinations - The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 “Business Combinations”. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date of exchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the acquiree, the difference is recognized directly in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss). During the measurement period, which can be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss). In a business combination considered as a step acquisition, the Company remeasures the previously held equity interest in the acquiree immediately before obtaining control at its acquisition-date fair value and the re-measurement gain or loss, if any, is recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss).
Noncontrolling Interests | Noncontrolling Interests - For the Company’s majority-owned subsidiaries, VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs, a noncontrolling interest is recognized to reflect the portion of their equity which is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company. Noncontrolling interests are classified as a separate line item in the equity section of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim balance sheets and have been separately disclosed in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss) to distinguish the interests from that of the Company.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition - In accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, revenue is recognized when all of the following five steps are met: (i) identify the contract(s) with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; (v) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. The core principle underlying the new revenue recognition Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") is that the Company recognizes revenue to represent the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. The Company identifies contractual performance obligations and determines whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when goods or services are provided to a customer. Disaggregation of Revenues Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The following items represent the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source. In accordance with ASC 606-10-50-5, the Company selects categories to present disaggregated revenue that depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors and delivery conditions of products and fulfillment of obligations. The Company’s disaggregation of revenues for the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 is disclosed in Note 27. Automation Products and Software; Equipment and Accessories The Company generates revenues primarily through delivery of standard or customized products and equipment, including automation products, furnaces and related accessories. Revenue is recognized when products are delivered, and acceptance reports are signed off by customers. The sale of automation products or specialized equipment when combined with services represent a single performance obligation for the development and construction of a single asset. The Company may also provide design or installation services to clients as there may be such obligation in contracts. The promises to transfer the goods and provision of services are not separately identifiable, which is evidenced by the fact that the Company provides significant services of integrating the goods and services into a single deliverable for which the customer has contracted. For such sales arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue using input method, based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs for the contract. Such method is adopted because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of goods and services to the customer. Oilfield Environmental Protection Service The Company provides wastewater treatment products and related service to oilfield and chemical industry companies and generates revenue from special equipment, self-developed chemical products and supporting service, transfer. Revenue is recognized when contract obligations have been performed. For such sales arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue when products are delivered, on-site assistance services rendered, and acceptance reports are signed off by customers. Such method is adopted because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of services to the customer. The Company provides oily sludge disposal and treatment services to oilfield companies and generates revenue from treatment services of oily sludge. Revenue is recognized when contract obligations have been performed. For such sales arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue using output method, based on the percentage-of-completion method. Such method is adopted because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of services to the customer. Platform Outsourcing Services The Company provides online platform development, maintenance, and operation services to gas stations around different provinces in China to complete online transactions; and API (application programming interface) port export service and related maintain services to business cooperators of different industries that may have transactions in the refueling scenario during the service contract period. The Company considered these performance obligations to be indistinguishable contractual performance obligations. As the Company has no right to get the compensation for any performances completed while not accepted by its customers, the Company can only recognize revenue at a point in time, which is when the online transaction is completed. The Company’s services enable terminal users of different mobile apps run by its clients or cooperators to complete refueling in cash or online through different payment channels, when each transaction, including refueling and payment, is completed, the Company is entitled to charge with pre-settled rates of each transaction amount as service fee and recognize the underlying amount as revenue. Related fees are generally billed monthly, based on a per transaction basis. Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations Contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company will allocate revenues to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers or using expected cost-plus margin. Contract Balances Contract balances typically arise when a difference in timing between the transfer of control to the customer and receipt of consideration occurs. The following table provides information about contract costs and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
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​ |  | June 30, |  | December 31, |  | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | U.S. Dollars
​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | (Unaudited) | ​ | (Unaudited)
Contract costs |  | ¥ | 48,795,906 |  | ¥ | 31,364,473 | ​ | $ | 4,930,422
Contract liabilities |  | ¥ | 7,686,276 |  | ¥ | 1,195,862 | ​ | $ | 187,987
​ Contract costs, net - The Company recognizes an asset from the costs incurred to fulfill a contract when those costs meet all of the following criteria: (i) the costs relate directly to a contract or to an anticipated contract that the Company can specifically identify; (ii) the costs generate or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying (or in continuing to satisfy) performance obligations in the future; and (iii) the costs are expected to be recovered.
- | Pre-Contract Costs - Pre-contract costs are the amounts prepaid to suppliers for purchases of customized equipment in anticipation of obtaining planned contracts for the Company's hardware and software revenues. If it subsequently confirms that the Company is unable to secure the planned contracts with a customer after making the advance payments for these planned contracts, the Company evaluates the probable recoverability of the pre-contract cost and charges to expenses when the Company determines that the recovery of such pre-contract cost is improbable.
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- | Executed Contract Costs - Direct costs, such as material, labor, depreciation and amortization and subcontracting costs and indirect costs allocable to contracts include the costs of contract supervision, tools and equipment, supplies, quality control and inspection, insurance, repairs and maintenance for quality assurance purposes before clients' initial acceptance. Once products are delivered, installed and debugged for intended use and accepted by a client, which may last from weeks to months (this process is decided by the client's individual project construction arrangement), the Company records revenue based on the contract or the final clients' acceptance. Minor costs for repair during the maintenance period after initial acceptance are recorded as cost of goods sold as they are incurred. All other general and administrative costs and selling costs are charged to expenses as incurred. The Company generally ships its products approximately one week to six months after production begins and the timing depends on the size of the overall project.
Contract liabilities - Contract liabilities are recognized for contracts where payment has been received in advance of performance under the contract. The Company's contract liabilities consist primarily of the Company's unsatisfied performance obligations as of the balance sheet dates. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. Performance Obligations - Performance obligations include delivery of products and provision of services. The Company recognizes revenue when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied. This occurs when the control of the goods and services have been transferred to the customer. Accordingly, revenue for sale of goods is generally recognized upon shipment or delivery depending on the shipping terms of the underlying contract, and revenue for provision of services is recognized upon the service rendered. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods and providing services. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling activities to fulfill the Company’s promise to transfer the goods are included in revenues, and costs incurred by the Company for the delivery of goods are classified as cost of sales in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Sales, value added, and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. The Company generally offers assurance-type warranties for its products. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary depending upon the product. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its warranties and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time product revenue is recognized. Factors that affect the warranty liability include historical product-failure experience and estimated repair costs for identified matters. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. The amount accrued for expected returns and warranty claims was immaterial as of December 31, 2021. The amount of revenue recognized during the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 that was previously included within contract liability balances was ¥1,870,891 and ¥7,339,616 ($1,153,770), respectively. Practical Expedients Elected Incremental Costs of Obtaining a Contract - The Company has elected the practical expedient permitted in ASC 340-40-25-4, which permits an entity to recognize incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period will be less than one year and not significant. Significant Financing Component - The Company has elected the practical expedient permitted in ASC 606-10-32-18, which allows an entity to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if a contract has a duration of one year or less. As the Company’s contracts are majorly less than one year in length, consideration will not be adjusted. For the Company’s contracts include a standard payment term of 90 days to 180 days; consequently, there is no significant financing component within contracts. There are also some new contracts that will not be completed within one year from year 2021, the Company did calculation and the amount was not material as end of this fiscal year.
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation - Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense with graded vesting on a straight–line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The Company has elected to recognize compensation expenses using the valuation model estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value
Research and Development Expenses | Research and Development Expenses - Research and development expenses relating to improving development efficiency and the quality of the Company’s products and services, including the design of downhole automation platform systems and chemical products used for waste water treatment, are expensed as incurred.
Shipping and Handling Costs | Shipping and Handling Costs - Shipping and handling cost incurred to ship products to customers are included in selling and distribution expenses. Shipping and handling expenses were ¥79,180 and ¥38,811 ($6,101) for the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.
Leases | Leases - The Company follows FASB ASC No. 842, Leases (“Topic 842”). The Company leases office spaces, which are classified as operating leases in accordance with Topic 842. Under Topic 842, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases, usually with initial term of 12 months or less) on the commencement date: (i) lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. At the commencement date, the Company recognizes the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. The ROU asset is recognized initially at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All ROU assets are reviewed for impairment annually. There was no impairment for ROU lease assets as of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes - Provisions for income taxes are based on taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are provided on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, and tax carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the financial statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The Company has not been subject to any income taxes in the United States or the Cayman Islands. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position would be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company has no uncertain tax position as of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the tax years ended December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2021 for the Company’s People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) subsidiaries remain open for statutory examination by PRC tax authorities.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive loss. The foreign currency translation gain or loss resulting from the translation of the financial statements expressed in US$ to RMB is reported in other comprehensive loss in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Earnings (Loss) per Share | Earnings (Loss) per Share - Earnings (loss) Per Share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding. Diluted EPS are computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares and dilutive potential Ordinary Share equivalents outstanding. Potentially dilutive Ordinary Shares consist of Ordinary Shares issuable upon the conversion of ordinary stock options, restricted shares and warrants (using the treasury stock method). The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the six months ended December 31, 2021: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | For the six months ended December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2021
​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB | ​ | U.S. Dollars
​ | ​ | (Unaudited) | ​ | (Unaudited) | ​ | (Unaudited)
Numerator: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Net income (loss) attributable to Recon Technology, Ltd |  | ¥ | (8,935,652) |  | ¥ | 111,357,510 | ​ | $ | 17,505,139
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding – basic |  | ​ | 7,330,866 |  | ​ | 27,312,581 | ​ |  | 27,312,581
Outstanding options/warrants/convertible notes |  | ​ | 11,029,415 |  | ​ | 10,393,622 | ​ |  | 10,393,622
Potentially dilutive shares from outstanding options/warrants/convertible notes |  | ​ | — |  | ​ | 1,464,411 | ​ |  | 1,464,411
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding – diluted |  | ​ | 7,330,866 |  | ​ | 28,776,992 | ​ |  | 28,776,992
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings (loss) per share – basic |  | ¥ | (1.22) |  | ¥ | 4.08 | ​ | $ | 0.64
Earnings (loss) per share – diluted |  | ¥ | (1.22) |  | ¥ | 3.87 | ​ | $ | 0.61
​
Warrants | Warrants - The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own Class A Ordinary Shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding. For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.
Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes Payable - In accordance with ASC 470 Debt with conversion and other options, the Company allocated the proceeds from the convertible notes between debt and equity elements, the company measured the debt component at its fair value, and allocated the remaining proceeds to the equity component in additional paid in capital, as the fair value of equity component is immaterial, the Company allocated the entire proceeds to the debt component. Upon issuance of the shares to settle the obligation, equity is increased by the amount of the liability and no gain or loss is recognized for the difference between the average and the ending market price.
Reclassification | Reclassification - Certain prior year amounts related to contract liabilities on the cash flows statements had been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the results of operations and cash flows previously reported.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The Board is issuing this Update as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards (the Simplification Initiative). The objective of the Simplification Initiative is to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. The specific areas of potential simplification in this Update were submitted by stakeholders as part of the Simplification Initiative. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted this guidance on July 1, 2021 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, "Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815 - 40)" ("ASU 2020-06"). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity's own equity. The ASU is part of the FASB's simplification initiative, which aims to reduce unnecessary complexity in U.S. GAAP. The ASU's amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2020-06 will have on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial position, statements of operations and cash flows.

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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 730 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6420194&loc=d3e21568-108373 + Details
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