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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and are expressed in United States dollars (“US dollars”).

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, all the subsidiaries, VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs of the Company. All transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation.

We consolidate all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which we or one of our consolidated subsidiaries is the primary beneficiary. Control generally equates to ownership percentage, whereby (i) affiliates that are more than 50% owned are consolidated; (ii) investments in affiliates of 50% or less but greater than 20% are generally accounted for using the equity method where we have determined that we have significant influence over the entities; and (iii) investments in affiliates of 20% or less are generally accounted for using the cost method.

We consolidate a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the results of the VIE and the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE. Along with the VIEs that are consolidated in accordance with the above guidelines, we also hold variable interests in other VIEs that are not consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary. We continually monitor both consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs to determine if any events have occurred that could cause the primary beneficiary to change. A change in determination could have a material impact on our financial statements.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities - A VIE is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company performs ongoing assessments to determine whether an entity should be considered a VIE and whether an entity previously identified as a VIE continues to be a VIE and whether the Company continues to be the primary beneficiary.

Assets recognized as a result of consolidating VIEs do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against the Company’s general assets. Conversely, liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets; rather, they represent claims against the specific assets of the consolidated VIEs.

Currency Translation

Currency Translation - The Company’s functional currency is US dollars and the consolidated financial statements have been expressed in Chinese Yuan (“RMB”) as RMB is the Company’s reporting currency. The consolidated financial statements as of and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 have been translated into US dollars solely for the convenience of the readers. The translation has been made at the rate of ¥7.2993 = US$1.00, the approximate exchange rate prevailing on December 31, 2024. These translated US dollar amounts should not be construed as representing Chinese Yuan amounts or that the Chinese Yuan amounts have been or could be converted into US dollars.

Estimates and Assumptions

Estimates and Assumptions - The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, which requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are adjusted to reflect actual experience when necessary. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable, other receivables and purchase advances, allowance for inventory, the useful lives of property and equipment, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment assessment for long-lived assets, goodwill and investment in unconsolidated entity, the discount rate for lease and investment, valuation of the convertible notes, price purchase allocation for business combination and the fair value of share-based payments. The use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process; actual results could differ from those estimates.

The key assumptions underlying the Company’s accounting for material arrangements and the reasonably likely material effects of resolving any uncertainties on the Company’s allowance for credit losses related to purchase advances. The production of the Company’s products requires custom-made equipment from its suppliers. To ensure that it can secure the required customized equipment, the Company often needs to make full prepayment for its intended purchases. As a standard practice in the petroleum extraction industry, the Company generally must submit a bid in order to secure the sales contract. The bidding process generally takes between one month to one year and the timing depends on the size of the overall project, which timing and size are generally controlled by its client. In order to secure timely purchase delivery and to meet its product delivery schedule, the Company normally prepays for the purchase advances if the Company believes that it is more than likely to win the bid for the sales contract which is accounted as pre-contract costs. After winning the bid and securing the sale contract, the Company normally needs to deliver its products approximately within one week to six months. Based on the Company’s historical experience, the Company generally is able to realize its purchase advances on the customized equipment that it orders. If it subsequently confirms that the Company is unable to secure the planned contracts with a customer after making the advance payments for these planned contracts, the Company evaluates the probable recoverability of the pre-contract cost and charges to expenses when the Company determines that the recovery of such pre-contract cost is improbable.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair Values of Financial Instruments - The U.S. GAAP accounting standards regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements define fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The three levels of inputs are defined as follows:

Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable.

Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for short-term investments, accounts receivable, notes receivable, other receivables, purchase advances, contract cost, accounts payable, other payable, accrued liabilities, contract liabilities, short-term bank loans and short-term borrowings – related parties approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts of the long-term borrowings due to related party approximate its fair value because the stated interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable credit risk and maturities.

Cash

Cash - Cash includes cash on hand consisting of coins, currency, undeposited checks, money orders and drafts, demand deposits in banks, certain short-term highly liquid investments and cash in transit.

Short-term investments

Short-term investments - Short-term investments include wealth management products, which are certain deposits with fixed interest rates and the principal are guaranteed by the financial institutions. The carrying values of the Company’s short-term investments approximate fair value because of their short-term maturities within one year. The interest earned is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as interest income. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, the Company had short-term investments balance of ¥88.1 million and nil, including accrued interests of ¥0.9 million and nil, respectively.

Accounts Receivables, Net, Other Receivables, Net and Loan to Third Parties

Accounts Receivables, Net, Other Receivables, Net and Loan to Third Parties - Accounts receivables are carried at original invoiced amount less a provision for any potential uncollectible amounts. In July 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Topics 326-Credit Loss, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology, as its accounting standard for its accounts receivable and other receivables. Other receivables and loan to third parties arise from transactions with non-trade customers.

The adoption of the credit loss accounting standard has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of July 1, 2020. Accounts receivable, other receivables and loan to third parties are recognized and carried at carrying amount less an allowance for credit loss, if any. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses resulting from the inability of its trade and non-trade customers (“customers”) to make required payments based on contractual terms. The Company reviews the collectability of its receivables on a regular and ongoing basis. The Company has also included in calculation of allowance for credit losses. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. The Company also considers external factors to the specific customer, including current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. In the event the Company recovers amounts previously reserved for, the Company will reduce the specific allowance for credit losses.

The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of all of its customers individually before accepting them and continuously monitors the recoverability of accounts receivable, other receivables and loan to third parties. If there are any indicators that a customer may not make payment, the Company may consider making provision for non-collectability for that particular customer. At the same time, the Company may cease further sales or services to such customer. The following are some of the factors that the Company considers in determining whether to discontinue sales, record as contra revenue or allowance for credit losses:

● the oil price and fluctuation of the overall oil industry;

● the customer fails to comply with its payment schedule;

● the customer is in serious financial difficulty;

● a significant dispute with the customer has occurred regarding job progress or other matters;

● the customer breaches any of the contractual obligations;

● the customer appears to be financially distressed due to economic or legal factors;

● the business between the customer and the Company is not active; and

● other objective evidence indicates non-collectability of the accounts receivable, other receivables and loan to third parties.

The Company considers the following factors when determining whether to permit a longer payment period or provide other concessions to customers:

● the customer’s past payment history;

● the customer’s general risk profile, including factors such as the customer’s size, age, and public or private status;

● macroeconomic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay; and

● the relative importance of the customer relationship to the Company’s business.

Notes Receivable

Notes Receivable - Notes receivable represent short-term notes receivable the Company receives from its customers as payment for amounts owed to the Company in normal course of business operation. The notes receivables are issued by reputable financial institutions that entitle the Company to receive the full-face amount from the financial institutions at maturity, which generally ranges from three to six months from the date of issuance.

Purchase Advances, Net

Purchase Advances, Net - Purchase advances are the amounts prepaid to suppliers for materials, services, and capital expenditures, including equipment, construction-related goods, and third-party supervision services. These amounts are initially classified as current assets (Advances to Suppliers) if expected to be settled within 12 months or non-current assets if the benefit period exceeds one year. Upon receipt of goods/services, advances are reclassified to Inventory, Property, Plant, and Equipment, or expensed as incurred. Unrecoverable advances are recognized as impairments. Significant balances are disclosed separately.

Inventories, Net

Inventories, Net - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in-first-out basis. The methods of determining inventory costs are used consistently from year to year. Market value of the inventories is determined based on its estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price less normally predictable costs of disposal and transportation. The Company records write-downs of inventory that is obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand or market value based on consideration of product lifecycle stage, technology trends, product development plans and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Actual demand may differ from forecasted demand, and such differences may have a material effect on recorded inventory values. Inventory write-downs are charged to cost of revenue and establish a new cost basis for the inventory.

Deferred offering costs

Deferred offering costs - ASC 340-10, Deferred offering costs consisted of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the sale of the Company’s ordinary shares, including the legal, accounting, printing and other offering related costs. Upon completion of the offering, these deferred offering costs are to be reclassified from current assets to shareholders’ equity and recorded against the net proceeds from the offering. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, deferred offering costs amounted to nil and $0.8 million, respectively.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net - Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation on motor vehicles and office equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from two to five years. Production equipment includes Equipment and Utilities and Facilities, both of which are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful life of the assets. The useful life of Equipment is 10 years, while the useful life of Utilities and Facilities is 20 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets.

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​	​	​
Items		Useful life
Motor vehicles		3-5 years
Office equipment and fixtures		2-5 years
Production equipment, including:		​
Equipment	​	10 years
Utilities and Facilities	​	20 years
Leasehold improvement	​	Lesser of useful life and lease term

​

Construction in progress includes property and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progress is carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Goodwill

Goodwill - Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired. The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill of the reporting unit would be considered impaired. To measure the amount of the impairment loss, the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For each of these tests, the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units is determined using a combination of valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow methodology. To corroborate the discounted cash flow analysis performed at each reporting unit, a market approach is utilized using observable market data such as comparable companies in similar lines of business that are publicly traded or which are part of a public or private transaction (to the extent available). The Company evaluates qualitative factors and overall financial performance to determine whether it is necessary to perform the first step of the two-step goodwill test. This step is referred to as “Step 0.” Step 0 involves qualitative assessment, among other qualitative factors, weighing the relative impact of factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. After assessing those various factors, if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the entity will need to proceed to the first step of the goodwill impairment test. Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the Step 2 must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2017-04, simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which permits the Company to impair the difference between carrying amounts in excess of the fair value of the reporting unit as the reduction in goodwill. ASU 2017-04 eliminates the requirement in previous GAAP to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. The Company considers various factors in performing the qualitative test, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, the overall financial performance of the Company’s reporting units, the Company’s share price and the excess amount or “cushion” between the Company reporting unit’s fair value and carrying value as indicated on the Company’s most recent quantitative assessment.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible Assets, Net – Intangible assets is composed of customer relationship, which is measured at fair value on initial recognition. Identifiable intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of subsidiaries accounted for using the purchase method of accounting are estimated by management based on the fair value of assets received. The Company amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment. The Company typically amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the contractual terms or the estimated useful lives.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Fair value is determined based on the estimated discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. The Company considers the events or changes in circumstances that may indicate the impairment of the Company’s long-lived assets, such as a significant decrease occurs in the market price of a long-lived asset (or asset group); a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset (or asset group) is being used or in its physical condition; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset (or asset group), including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset (or asset group); a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset (or asset group); and a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (or asset group) will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The Company concluded that there was no impairment for the long-lived assets for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively.

Long-term Investments

Long-term Investments - ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The main provisions require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value through earnings, unless they qualify for a measurement alternative. The new guidance requires modified retrospective application to all outstanding instruments for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to opening accumulated deficit as of the beginning of the first period in which the guidance becomes effective. However, changes to the accounting for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value would be applied prospectively. The Company adopted the new financial instruments accounting standard from July 1, 2018.

- Equity Investments with Readily Determinable Fair Values - Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are measured and recorded at fair value using the market approach based on the quoted prices in active markets at the reporting date. The Company classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1 of fair value measurements.

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- Equity Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Values - After the adoption of this new accounting standard, the Company elected to record equity investments without readily determinable fair values and not accounted for under the equity method at cost, less impairment, adjusted for subsequent observable price changes on a nonrecurring basis, and report changes in the carrying value of the equity investments in current earnings. Changes in the carrying value of the equity investments are required to be made whenever there are observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The implementation guidance notes that an entity should make a “reasonable effort” to identify price changes that are known or that can reasonably be known.

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- Equity Investments Accounted for Using the Equity Method - The Company accounts for its equity investment over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control using the equity method. The Company adjusts the carrying amount of the investment and recognizes investment income or loss for share of the earnings or loss of the investee after the date of investment. The Company assesses its equity investment for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the entities, including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other entity-specific information. The fair value determination, particularly for investment in privately held entities, requires judgment to determine appropriate estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation of the fair value of the investment and determination of whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary.

An impairment charge is recorded if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary. The Company recorded no impairment loss on its equity method investment during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. The Company recorded no investment income on its equity method investment in unconsolidated entities during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations - The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 “Business Combinations”. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date of exchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the acquiree, the difference is recognized directly in the consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss). During the measurement period, which can be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss).

In a business combination considered as a step acquisition, the Company remeasures the previously held equity interest in the acquiree immediately before obtaining control at its acquisition-date fair value and the re-measurement gain or loss, if any, is recognized in the consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss).

Non-controlling Interests

Non-controlling Interests - For the Company’s majority-owned subsidiaries, VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs, a non-controlling interest is recognized to reflect the portion of their equity which is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company. Non-controlling interests are classified as a separate line item in the equity section of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and have been separately disclosed in the Company’s consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss) to distinguish the interests from that of the Company.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation - Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense with graded vesting on a straight–line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The Company has elected to recognize compensation expenses using the valuation model estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value

Research and Development Expenses

Research and Development Expenses - Research and development costs comprise the costs of developing and improving new and existing products and services, including employee compensation, materials, depreciation of equipment and contracted technical services. All R&D costs are expensed as incurred unless specific development projects (e.g. qualifying software systems or equipment prototypes) demonstrate technological feasibility and probable future economic benefits. Field testing costs for pre-commercial products are classified as R&D until technological validation is achieved. As of December 31, 2024, we have had no capitalization.

Leases

Leases - The Company follows FASB ASC No. 842, Leases (“Topic 842”). The Company leases office spaces and land use rights, which are classified as operating leases in accordance with Topic 842. Under Topic 842, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases, usually with initial term of 12 months or less) on the commencement date: (i) lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.

At the commencement date, the Company recognizes the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. The ROU asset is recognized initially at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All ROU assets are reviewed for impairment annually. There was no impairment for ROU lease assets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes - Provisions for income taxes are based on taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are provided on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, and tax carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the financial statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The Company has not been subject to any income taxes in the United States or the Cayman Islands.

The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position would be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company has no uncertain tax position as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

In general, the PRC tax authority has up to five years to conduct examinations of the Company’s tax filings. Accordingly, the PRC subsidiaries’ and VIE and subsidiaries of the VIE’s tax years ended December 31, 2020 through December 31, 2024 for the Company’s People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) subsidiaries remain open for statutory examination by PRC tax authorities.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). The foreign currency translation gain or loss resulting from the translation of the financial statements expressed in US$ to RMB is reported in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Earnings (Loss) per Share - Earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding. Diluted EPS are computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares and dilutive potential Ordinary Share equivalents outstanding. Potentially dilutive Ordinary Shares consist of Ordinary Shares issuable upon the conversion of ordinary share options, restricted shares and warrants (using the treasury share method).

Given the fact that the “2024 Reverse Split” only affected the outstanding number of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares, the weighted average number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding had been retroactively restated for the 1-for-18 reverse shares split. While the Class B Ordinary Shares’ number and voting power were not subjected to the 2024 Reverse Split, according to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated M&A and Articles of Association, “each Class B Ordinary Share entitles its holder the right to convert it into one eighteenth (1/18) of a Class A Ordinary Share at any time. Correspondingly, each one eighteenth (1/18) of a share of Class B Ordinary Share has dividend rights equivalent to the one share of Class A Ordinary Share”. In addition, (a) since becoming public, the Company has never declared a dividend, and (b) if a dividend were declared, the Board of Directors would intend to make sure the dividends were properly allocated among the Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares to give effect to the 1/18 ratio. The Company believes that all of these treatments are designed to ensure that the dividend rights and the dividend rate are the same with that for Class A and Class B Ordinary Shares. To calculate EPS equally for all ordinary shares, the Company use the sum of the weighted average number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding and one-eighteenth of the weighted average number of Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding as the denominator.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

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​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		For the six months ended December 31,
​		2023			2024			2024
​	​	RMB		​	RMB		​	US Dollars
​	​	(Unaudited)		​	(Unaudited)		​	(Unaudited)
Numerator:		​			​			​
Net loss attributable to Recon Technology, Ltd		¥	(22,554,022)		¥	(20,588,329)	​	$	(2,820,588)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Denominator:		​	​		​	​	​		​
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding – basic*		​	2,728,056		​	8,978,328	​		8,978,328
Class A Ordinary Shares*	​	​	2,333,612	​	​	7,987,959	​	​	7,987,959
Class B Ordinary Shares (used for EPS calculation) **	​	​	394,444	​	​	990,369	​	​	990,369
Potentially dilutive shares from outstanding options/warrants		​	—		​	—	​		—
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding – diluted*		​	2,728,056		​	8,978,328	​		8,978,328
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Earnings (loss) per share – basic and diluted *		¥	(8.27)		¥	(2.29)	​	$	(0.31)

* Retrospectively restated for the 1-for-18 reverse share split on May 1, 2024.

** The Class B Ordinary Shares were not subjected to reverse shares split, and each Class B Ordinary Share is convertible into one-eighteenth (1/18) of one Class A Ordinary Share at any time by the holder thereof, so the weighted average number of Class B Ordinary Shares is calculated on a one-for-eighteen basis of issued and outstanding Class B Ordinary Shares.

Warrants

Warrants - The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own Class A Ordinary Shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 18, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-02—Liabilities (405), which is also known as Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 122 to rescind SAB 121. SAB 121 previously required an entity to recognize a liability and corresponding asset for its obligation to safeguard crypto assets. Full retrospective application of SAB 122 is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, but entities are permitted to early adopt SAB 122 in any interim or annual financial statement period included in filings with the SEC on or after January 30, 2025. The Company believes there is no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures and will not adopt this new guidance.

On January 6, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date. The amendment in this Update amends the effective date of Update 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption of Update 2024-03 is permitted. The company evaluated and believe there is no effect on the on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosure.

On November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expenses Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”. The standard is intended to enhance transparency of income statement disclosures primarily through additional disaggregation of relevant expense captions. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with prospective or retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. This ASU requires additional quantitative and qualitative income tax disclosures to enable financial statements users better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on its condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows.

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Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.

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Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process.

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Disclosure of accounting policy for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology and assumption used in measuring cost.

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