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Income Tax | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax [Abstract] |  |
INCOME TAX |
| 7. | INCOME TAX
Tax on losses have been calculated at the rates of tax prevailing in the countries/jurisdictions in which the Group operates.
|  | For the six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  | (Unaudited) |
|  | US$ |  |  | US$ |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge for the period |  |  | 57,256 |  |  |  | 34,352 |
Deferred |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | - |
Total tax expense for the period |  |  | 57,459 |  |  |  | 34,352 |
| 9. | INCOME TAX
The applicable corporate income tax rates for Hong Kong, Singapore, Philippines, Taiwan and Malaysia subsidiaries are 16.5%, 17%, 20% to 25%, 20% and 24%, respectively for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Tax on losses have been calculated at the rates of tax prevailing in the countries/jurisdictions in which the Group operates.
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | US$ |  |  | US$ |  |  | US$ |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge for the year |  |  | 64,343 |  |  |  | 28,516 |  |  |  | 26,647 |
Overprovision in prior years |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (26,778 | )
Deferred (note 24) |  |  | (1,360 | ) |  |  | (280,295 | ) |  |  | (38,042 | )
Income tax expense/(credit) for the year |  |  | 62,983 |  |  |  | (251,779 | ) |  |  | (38,173 | )
A reconciliation of the tax expense/(credit) applicable to loss before tax at the statutory tax rate for the countries/jurisdictions in which the Group’s operations are domiciled to the tax credit at the Group’s effective tax rate is as follows:
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | US$ |  |  | US$ |  |  | US$ |
Loss before tax |  |  | (172,537,530 | ) |  |  | (49,693,594 | ) |  |  | (30,970,178 | )
Tax credit at the domestic rates applicable to losses in the countries/jurisdictions where the Group operates |  |  | (3,809,856 | ) |  |  | (7,164,497 | ) |  |  | (5,220,261 | )
Income not subject to tax |  |  | (180,380 | ) |  |  | (134,867 | ) |  |  | (13,785 | )
Expenses not deductible for tax |  |  | 1,511,627 |  |  |  | 4,606,490 |  |  |  | 2,883,631 |
Adjustments in respect of current tax of previous periods |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (26,778 | )
Tax losses and deductible temporary differences not recognized |  |  | 2,771,027 |  |  |  | 2,448,213 |  |  |  | 2,453,971 |
Tax losses and deductible temporary differences utilized from previous periods |  |  | (282,239 | ) |  |  | (4,352 | ) |  |  | (118,103 | )
Others |  |  | 52,804 |  |  |  | (2,766 | ) |  |  | 3,152 |
Income tax expense/(credit) at the Group’s effective tax rate |  |  | 62,983 |  |  |  | (251,779 | ) |  |  | (38,173 | )
At the end of the reporting period, the Group had unused tax losses of US$62,470,655 (2022: US$58,224,610; 2021: US$70,645,159), subject to the agreement by the relevant tax authorities, that are available for offsetting against future taxable profits of the entities in which the losses arose, of which, an aggregate amount of US$32,753,721 (2022: US$26,692,435; 2021: US$38,395,574) are available indefinitely and the remaining will expire between one to ten years. The Group had deductible temporary differences of US$18,659,174 (2022: US$9,811,082 ; 2021: US$9,930,252) at the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in respect of these losses and deductible temporary differences as they have mainly arisen in entities that have been loss-making and, in the opinion of management, it is currently not considered probable that taxable profits will be available against which the tax losses can be utilized. At the end of the reporting period, no deferred tax has been recognized for withholding taxes of the Group’s subsidiaries established in certain jurisdictions with relevant tax laws and regulations. In the opinion of the directors, it is not probable that these subsidiaries will distribute such earnings in the foreseeable future. The aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries in these jurisdictions amounted to US$363,858 (2022: US$379,325; 2021: US$328,824), for which deferred tax liabilities of US$2,292 (2022: US$5,316; 2021: US$1,247) have not been recognized at December 31, 2023.

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