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Stock-Based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation In addition to cash compensation, the Company may compensate certain service providers, including employees, directors, consultants, and other advisors, with equity-based compensation in the form of stock options and restricted stock awards. The Company recognizes all equity-based compensation as stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the compensation measured at the grant date. For stock options, fair value is calculated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. For restricted stock awards, fair value is the closing stock price for the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The expense is recognized over the vesting period of the grant. For the periods presented, all stock-based compensation expense was classified as a component within selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The amount of stock-based compensation expense is as follows:
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  |  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Stock options |  | $ | 33,975 |  |  | $ | 28,445 |  |  | $ | 113,857 |  |  | $ | 64,820 |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 2,697 |  |  |  | 16,773 |  |  |  | 14,613 |  |  |  | 60,419 |
Total |  | $ | 36,672 |  |  | $ | 45,218 |  |  | $ | 128,470 |  |  | $ | 125,239 |
During three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company awarded stock options to purchase 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.55 per share to one of our business consultants. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company awarded stock options to purchase 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.71 per share to the members on the Company’s Board of Directors. No other stock options were awarded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following assumptions:
|  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Number of options awarded to purchase common shares |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 105,750 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.50% |  |  |  | 2.6% - 2.8% |
Expected volatility |  |  | 100.3% |  |  |  | 149.3 - 154.3% |
Assumed dividend yield |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Expected life of options from the date of grant |  |  | 9.8 years |  |  |  | 9.8 years |
The estimated unrecognized compensation cost from unvested awards which will be recognized ratably over the remaining vesting phase is as follows:
Years ended December 31st: |  |  | Unvested stock options |  |  | Unvested restricted stock awards |  |  | Total unrecognized compensation expense |
2019 (remaining three months) |  |  |  | 36,909 |  |  |  | 1,061 |  |  |  | 37,970 |
2020 |  |  |  | 113,378 |  |  |  | 4,251 |  |  |  | 117,629 |
2021 |  |  |  | 70,896 |  |  |  | 706 |  |  |  | 71,602 |
2022 |  |  |  | 3,722 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,722 |
|  |  | $ | 224,905 |  |  | $ | 6,018 |  |  | $ | 230,923 |
Equity Incentive Plans Our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”) provides for the issuance of stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors and consultants. The Plan permits the granting of stock awards and stock options. The vesting of stock-based awards is generally subject to the passage of time and continued employment through the vesting period. Stock Option Activity Stock option activity under our Equity Incentive Plan is summarized as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted avg. |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted avg. |  |  | Weighted avg. |  |  | remaining |  |  |  |
|  |  | Number of |  |  | exercise price |  |  | grant date fair |  |  | contractual life |  |  | Aggregate |
|  |  | awards |  |  | per share |  |  | value per share |  |  | (in years) |  |  | intrinsic value |
Outstanding, December 31, 2018 |  |  |  | 434,451 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  |  | 6.91 |  |  | $ | 230,039 |
Granted |  |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | $ | — |
Exercised |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Expired/Forfeited |  |  |  | (7,325 | ) |  | $ | 1.83 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Outstanding, September 30, 2019 |  |  |  | 437,126 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  |  | 6.23 |  |  | $ | 148,775 |
Exercisable, September 30, 2019 |  |  |  | 256,919 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.22 |  |  |  | 4.43 |  |  | $ | 148,775 |
Unvested, September 30, 2019 |  |  |  | 180,207 |  |  | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |  |  |  | 8.78 |  |  | $ | — |
The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between the closing price of our common stock on September 30, 2019 and the exercise price for the in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all the in-the-money options had been exercised on September 30, 2019. Restricted Stock Activity Restricted stock activity under our Equity Incentive Plan is summarized as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted avg. |
|  |  | Number of |  |  | grant date |
|  |  | options |  |  | fair value |
Non-vested restricted shares, December 31, 2018 |  |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | $ | 2.38 |
Granted |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Vested |  |  |  | (25,000 | ) |  | $ | 2.35 |
Forfeited |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Non-vested restricted shares, September 30, 2019 |  |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 2.55 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 + Details
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