10-K 1 wfcf-10k_123119.htm ANNUAL REPORT

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to _____________

Commission File No. 333-133624

WHERE FOOD COMES FROM, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Colorado | 43-1802805
(State of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

202 6th Street, Suite 400

Castle Rock, CO 80104

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:

(303) 895-3002

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.001 par value

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer: | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer: | ☐
Non-accelerated filer: | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company: | ☒
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 28, 2019, the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $21,689,707, based on the closing stock price on June 28, 2019 of $1.77.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding as of February 20, 2020 was 25,049,462.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: Part III is incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed, pursuant to Regulation 14A, within 120 days after the close of the registrant’s 2019 fiscal year.

|  | Page
| PART I |
ITEM 1. | BUSINESS | 3
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 10
ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | 17
ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES | 17
ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 18
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 18
| PART II |
ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES | 19
ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 20
ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 20
ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 30
ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 30
ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 69
ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 69
ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION | 70
| PART III |
ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | 71
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 71
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 71
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE | 71
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES | 71
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES | 72
ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY | 73
| SIGNATURES | 74

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

GENERAL

Where Food Comes From, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“WFCF,” the “Company,” “our,” “we,” or “us”) is a leading trusted resource for third-party verification of food production practices in North America. The Company supports more than 15,000 farmers, ranchers, vineyards, wineries, processors, retailers, distributors, trade associations, consumer brands and restaurants with a wide variety of value-added services provided through its family of verifiers, including IMI Global, International Certification Services, Validus Verification Services, Sterling Solutions, and A Bee Organic. In order to have credibility, product claims such as gluten-free, non-GMO, non-hormone treated, humane handling, and others require verification by an independent third-party such as WFCF. The Company’s principal business is conducting both on-site and desk audits to verify that claims being made about livestock, crops and other food products are accurate.

Through our more recent acquisitions, including SureHarvest Services LLC; Sow Organic, LLC; and JVF Consulting, LLC, we provide sustainability programs, compliance management and farming information management solutions to drive sustainable value creation. We employ a software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) revenue model that bundles annual software licenses with ongoing software enhancements and upgrades and a wide range of professional services that generate incremental revenue specific to the food and agricultural industry.

Finally, the Company’s Where Food Comes From Source Verified® retail and restaurant labeling program utilizes the verification of product attributes to connect consumers directly to the source of the food they purchase through product labeling and web-based information sharing and education. With the use of Quick Response Code (“QR”) technology, consumers can instantly access information about the producers behind their food.

WFCF was founded in 1996 and incorporated in the state of Colorado as a subchapter C corporation in 2006. The Company’s shares of common stock trade on the OTCQB marketplace under the stock ticker symbol, “WFCF.”

The Company’s original name – Integrated Management Information, Inc. (d.b.a. IMI Global) – was changed to Where Food Comes From, Inc. in 2012 to better reflect the Company’s mission. Early growth was attributable to source and age verification services for beef producers that wanted access to markets overseas following the discovery of “mad cow” disease in the U.S. Over the years, WFCF has expanded its portfolio to include verification and software services for most food groups and over 50 programs and organizations. This growth has been achieved both organically and through the acquisition of other companies.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

What We Do

The Company is one of the nation’s largest independent, third-party traceability and verification providers. We use rigorous verification processes on food production processes to ensure that claims made by food producers and processors are accurate. We care about food and other agricultural products, how it is grown and raised, the quality of what we eat, what farmers and ranchers do, and authentically telling that story to the consumer. Our team visits farms and ranches and looks at their plants, animals, and records, and compares the information we collect to specific standards or claims that farms and ranches want to make about how they are producing food. Our customers include top-tier players in the food and wine space.

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The Company also provides sustainability programs, compliance management and farming information management solutions to drive sustainable value creation. We employ a software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) revenue model that bundles annual software licenses with ongoing software enhancements and upgrades and a wide range of professional consulting services that generate incremental revenue specific to the food and agricultural industry.

The Company’s business benefits from growing demand by consumers, retailers and government for increased transparency into food production practices.

Consumers: Due to concerns about food safety, animal welfare and an overall increase in health consciousness, consumers are demanding more information about the food they purchase.

Retailers: Responding to consumer demands for increased transparency as well as to the negative impact food scandals have on their bottom lines, retailers are requiring their suppliers to adhere to more stringent traceability and verification of product claims.

Government Regulation: Regulations including the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal Disease Traceability program, international export requirements, non-GMO and gluten-free testing requirements, and ingredient labeling regulations are all impacting product verification.

Growth Strategy

Due to organic growth in our portfolio of auditing standards, consumer demand and acquisitions, our sales have grown rapidly from $1.1 million in 2006 to $20.8 million in 2019, a 13-year compounded annual growth rate of approximately 25%.

Our growth strategy is as follows:

| ● | To cover more food groups than any other verification provider. Currently we verify beef, lamb, pork, poultry, dairy, eggs, produce, grain and finished products. In the future, we hope to include seafood, beverages and other produce.

| ● | To offer solutions for ALL participants in the food supply chain, including feed and input ingredient providers, farmers, producers, packers, auction barns, processors, handlers, distributors, restaurants, retailers and consumers.

| ● | To expand on the industry’s largest solutions portfolio. We currently are verifying or certifying to more than 50 certification standards or guidelines. To our knowledge, that is the most in the industry.

| ● | To continue organic growth. We leverage our bundling capability to aggressively pursue new customers, while sustaining our recurring revenue model and high retention rates.

| ● | To continue growth through merger and acquisition opportunities. Through selective acquisitions, we can expand our footprint, add new services, food groups and revenue streams.

Acquisition of SureHarvest Services, LLC

On December 28, 2016, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “SureHarvest Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, SureHarvest Services LLC (the “Buyer” or “SureHarvest”); and SureHarvest, Inc., a California corporation (the “Seller”).

We purchased the business assets of the Seller in exchange for total consideration of approximately $2.66 million, comprised of approximately $1,122,000 in cash and 850,852 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $1,534,900 on December 28, 2016. Additionally, we issued the Seller a 40% membership interest in SureHarvest.

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On December 17, 2019 the Company exercised its option to acquire the remaining 40% membership interest in SureHarvest for $1,000,000 in cash and 303,951 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $547,000 based on the closing price of our stock on December 17, 2019 of $1.80 per share.

SureHarvest develops software and provides services related to sustainability measurement and benchmarking, traceability, verification and certification to the food and agriculture industries. Its patented sustainability software solutions support more than 6,000 agri-food operations, including growers, packers, shippers, processors, wineries and trade associations. We believe that SureHarvest provides us with complementary solutions and services, a unique customer base and a valuable patent portfolio. It expands and diversifies our commodity reach with high value specialty crops, including wine grapes, almonds, hazelnuts, mushrooms, cut flowers, leafy greens and other fresh produce. Additionally, the SaaS model bundles annual software subscriptions with professional services to provide predictable, recurring revenue.

Acquisition of Sow Organic, LLC

On May 16, 2018, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Sow Organic, LLC, for $450,000 in cash and 217,654 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $433,100 based on the closing price of our stock on May 16, 2018, of $1.99 per share. We believe the transaction adds complementary solutions and services. Sow Organic’s software as a service (SaaS) model allows organic certification bodies to automate and accelerate new customer onboarding by converting traditional paper-based processes to digital format, resulting in lower costs, improved workflow management and increased productivity. Sow Organic’s unique design allows certification bodies to digitize any certification scheme. Likewise, the software affords producers and handlers a more efficient way to become certified and to digitally manage their records on an ongoing basis, including completing annual certification requirements fully online. We intend to further develop the organic business opportunity and collaborate on a broader rollout of the solution to other certification markets where the tool is equally suited to improve efficiencies and reduce costs in the certification process. This transaction further strengthens our intellectual property portfolio, which we believe represents a distinct competitive advantage for the Company.

Acquisition of JVF Consulting, LLC

On August 30, 2018, we acquired substantially all of the assets of JVF Consulting, LLC (“Seller” or “JVF”), for $500,000 in cash and 158,437 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $315,300 based on the closing price of our stock on August 29, 2018, of $1.99 per share. We believe the transaction adds value to certain of our existing software solutions which are based on intellectual property built and owned by the Seller. JVF is currently the largest technology provider to our SureHarvest division. With this acquisition, WFCF controls the intellectual property associated with its current Software as a Service (SaaS) offerings. Additionally, WFCF employed three of the Seller’s employees who enhance our ability to address new markets and services with our SaaS Solutions.

INDUSTRY BACKGROUND

The value-added food industry has been growing rapidly for the past several years in response to increased consumer interest about food production practices. We continue to see a growing interest from consumers regarding how their food is produced. We are in an increasingly global food market with food products traveling around the world, and brands differentiating themselves in the market. These key drivers are increasing the number of food labeling claims made on food products.

Natural and/or organic are examples of food labels that indicate that the food or other agricultural product has been produced in a certain way. Natural and organic sales are only part of the story of how consumers look for the verification of practices tied to food labeling claims. Other factors are also becoming increasingly more important to consumers, evidenced on menus and product labels. While not an exhaustive list, some of the issues that farms, ranches, producers, processors, restaurants and retailers are addressing include how animals are cared for and handled, how a product’s production impacts the environment and societies, and what inputs were used in the production of food items (like antibiotics).

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As consumers want more assurance about the trustworthiness of labeling claims, there is a growing trend for verification of practices around sustainability. As the agriculture, livestock and food industries continue to mature and expand internationally, there is an increasing need to record, manage, report and verify information regarding the source, age, genetic background, animal husbandry, environmental stewardship, practices surrounding the people and community, and other credence attributes. We believe verification of labeling claims by an independent third-party can meet consumer demands and expectations. Third-party verification also benefits producers, processors, distributors, restaurants, and retailers by addressing marketplace differentiation and global competitiveness.

Current Marketplace Opportunities

Because of growing demand for increased transparency into food production practices, we believe there are three main market drivers to promote forward momentum for our business:

Market Driver #1 - Consumer awareness and expectations

● | Per the Global Organic Food Market Forecast and Opportunities, 2020 produced by TechSci Research, the global organic food market is projected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of 16%, in value terms, during 2015 – 2020. Growing awareness regarding health benefits of organic food consumption, rising per capita spending on organic food products and increasing health concerns due to the growing number of chemical poisoning cases are expected to drive global organic food market in the coming years. Moreover, easy accessibility and product labelling are also expected to drive the global organic food market over the next five years. In addition, continuing product innovations and aggressive marketing strategies adopted by major players and online retailers would positively influence the global organic food market during the forecast period.

● | Most consumers are concerned about where their food comes from. Robust insight into food practice and processes within the entire supply chain is fundamental to reducing the risk inherent to manufacturing food and protecting consumers. For example, before a hamburger lands on a customer’s plate, at least half a dozen businesses – ranches, feedlots, packers, processors, distribution centers, and restaurants – have had a hand in its creation and transportation. Through verification using our in-house technology, we collect data to provide transparency to the supply chain and trust to the consumer.

Market Driver #2 - Global competitiveness and risk mitigation among producers and retailers

● | At the December 2019 Organic Grower Summit, Nikki Rodoni, CEO and founder of Measure to Improve, stated “More and more growers are being asked by food companies to communicate everything from fertilizer efficiency to water efficiency to energy efficiency, as well as social responsibility. All of this is an effort by food companies to mitigate their risk in the supply chain and to also credibly market that their products are sustainably sourced. All of this being driven by customers making a shift to more sustainable products.

● | Producers, restaurant chains and retailers with dominant market shares and large buying power, like Dannon, McDonald’s and Wal-Mart, are leading the way in prioritizing sustainable food supply initiatives in response to consumer demands. With information literally at our fingertips, Google searches and smart phone apps are making it easier to expose where sustainable food supply chains are, and where they are not. We believe our technology will play a key role in capturing data to improve yields and communicate our customer’s values, practices and other initiatives to consumers.

● | Producers, packers, distributors and retailers understand that verification, identification and traceability are key competitive differentiators. Oftentimes, it is necessary for export into international markets, including Korea, Russia, China and the European Union.

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Market Driver #3 - Government regulation

● | On July 15, 2019 the European Council approved an agreement to establish a duty-free tariff rate quote (TRQ) exclusively for the United States. Under the agreement, American ranchers will have an initial TRQ of 18,500 metric tons annually, valued at approximately $220 million. Over seven years, the TRQ will grow to 35,000 metric tons valued at approximately $420 million. American ranchers will be guaranteed a bigger share of Europe’s beef market, with annual duty-free exports expected to grow from $150 million (or 13,000 metric tons) currently to $420 million (or 35,000 metric tons) when the agreement is fully implemented. We believe the EU quota will continue to fuel demand for non-hormone treated cattle (“NHTC”).

● | The Phase One economic and trade agreement signed by the United States and China on January 15, 2020, will provide U.S. exporters of beef, pork and poultry, as well as live breeding cattle with expanded access to China’s rapidly growing market. While the requirements for source and age verification are unclear at the moment, programs including Source and Age, NHTC and VNB continue to be significant drivers in many export markets. Because of the 2-3 year life cycle of cattle, we believe producers and packers will be more willing to invest in verified cattle to access all export market opportunities.

● | The Animal Disease Traceability Rule promulgated by the USDA primarily covers beef cattle 18 months of age or older. Under the final rule, unless specifically exempted, livestock moved interstate must be officially identified and accompanied by an interstate certificate of veterinary inspection or other documentation, such as owner-shipper statements or brand certificates. Although animal disease traceability does not prevent disease, an efficient and accurate traceability system reduces the number of animals and response time involved in a disease investigation.

● | The development of the U.S. Hemp Authority Certified program demonstrates commitment toward high standards and transparency with hemp cultivation. The 2014 Farm Bill allowed farmers to start pilot programs for hemp alongside their agricultural programs. As of 2018, a new bill allows farmers to grow hemp with all the protections traditional farming receives. This Farm Bill allows farmers to legally grow hemp, which means more CBD products on the shelves. Through this bill, hemp will no longer be considered a controlled substance but rather take its place alongside all other types of traditional farming.

REVENUES

We offer a wide array of services, including verification, certification, consulting and SaaS, to help food producers, brands and consumers differentiate certain attributes and production methods in the marketplace. We sell our services directly to customers at various levels in the agriculture, food and livestock supply chain. Most of our service offerings can be bundled to provide a “one-stop shop” for customers that have multiple levels of verification and certification needs, such as source verification and food safety certification. Our customers include some of the largest U.S. beef and pork packers, organic producers and processors, and specialty retail chains. No single customer generated more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in 2019 or 2018.

With each acquisition, we assess the need to disclose discrete information related to our operating segments. Because of the similarities of certain of our acquisitions that provide certification and verification services, we aggregate operations into one verification and certification reportable segment. The operating segments included in the aggregated verification and certification segment include IMI Global, ICS and Validus. The factors considered in determining this aggregated reporting segment include the economic similarity of the businesses, the nature of services provided, production processes, types of customers and distribution methods.

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The Company also determined that it has a software sales and related consulting reportable segment. SureHarvest, which includes Sow Organic and JVF Consulting, is the sole operating segment under the software sales and related consulting reportable segment. This segment includes software license, maintenance, support and software-related consulting service revenues.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the Company’s CEO) allocates resources and assesses the performance of its operating segments. Segment management makes decisions, measures performance, and manages the business utilizing internal operating segment information. Performance of operating segments are based on net sales, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and most importantly, operating income.

Verification and Certification Segment

Our verification and certification service revenues consist of fees charged for verification audits and other verification and certification related services that the Company performs for customers. We include fees earned from our WFCF labeling program and consulting/program development services in our verification and certification revenues due to the immateriality of the revenue stream and because it represents a value-added extension of our source verification. We are recognized and utilized by numerous standard-setting bodies as an accredited verification or certification service provider. We enable food producers and brands to make certain claims on live animals or packaged food products by verifying that they are meeting the standards or guidelines associated with the claim(s) they are making. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, our third-party verification programs provided 74.9% and 77.2% of our total revenue, respectively.

Our product sales are an ancillary part of our verification and certification services and represent sales of cattle identification ear tags. While our product sales have lower profit margins than do our proprietary offerings, the products allow us to offer our customers a comprehensive solution. Approximately 15.9% and 12.7% of our total revenue was generated by the sale of hardware during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment

Software license, maintenance and support services represents a SaaS revenue model that bundles annual software licenses with ongoing software customizations, enhancements and upgrades and a wide range of professional services that generate incremental revenue specific to the food and agricultural industry.

Software-related consulting service revenue represents fees earned from professional appearances, customer education and training related services.

MARKETING

Our marketing strategy includes direct marketing, advertising, event sponsorship, and trade show participation. From a public relations perspective, members of our staff are frequently quoted in industry trade journals and requested as speakers at various industry events as subject matter experts on the topics of animal identification, traceability, branding, third-party verification and certification, and the USDA verification programs.

In order to reach additional customers, we continually develop strategic marketing partnerships with leading companies in the industry with complementary abilities and products. We do not currently rely on any third-party contracts with distributors, licensors or manufacturers in conducting our business.

We also use social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter to help promote our business, market our product offerings, and connect consumers with current topics in the agriculture, livestock and food industries.

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COMPETITION

The competition for third-party verification services in the food and agriculture industry is growing more intense, especially within the organic market. As of December 31, 2019, we estimate that there are approximately eight key competitors serving the food and agricultural industry, including Quality Assurance International, California Certified Organic Farmers, Oregon Tilth, Organic Crop Improvement Association, Earth Claims, FoodChain ID, NSF International, SGS and SCS Global Services. Differentiation hinges upon understanding all facets of food verification and the complex compliance challenges to make product verifications efficient, cost-effective, and seamless. Our core business and expertise focus on the “on farm” verifications to a variety of standards, guidelines and criteria, including source verification, natural, animal care and well-being, and sustainability verification.

SEASONALITY

Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Significant portions of our verification and certification service revenue is typically realized during late May through early October when the calf marketings and the growing seasons are at their peak. Because of the seasonality of the business and our industry, results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for any other quarter or for the full fiscal year.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

We create, own and maintain a variety of intellectual property assets that we believe are among our most valuable assets. Our intellectual property assets include patents and patent applications related to our innovations, products and services, trademarks related to our brands, products and services, and other property rights. We also have licensing arrangements when features from our programs are desirable to incorporate into either a new or an existing technology we offer. We seek to protect our intellectual property right assets through patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark and other laws of the United States and other countries, and through contractual provisions. Additional information regarding certain risks related to our intellectual property is included in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2019, we had 66 total employees, of which 58 were full-time employees. Our future success is substantially dependent upon the performance of our key senior management personnel, as well as our ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical personnel. Additional information regarding certain risks related to our employees is included in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our corporate website is located at www.wherefoodcomesfrom.com. We make available free of charge on our investor relations website under “SEC Filings” our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Further, a copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is located at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings at http://www.sec.gov.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

John Saunders, 48, founded the Company in 1998 and has served as the Chief Executive Officer since then. Mr. Saunders is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company and has served in this position since 1998. Previously, Mr. Saunders was a partner and consultant for Pathfinder Consulting Services, Inc. in Parker, Colorado. An expert in both technology and the livestock industry, Mr. Saunders is a graduate of Yale University.

Leann Saunders, 49, began working for the Company in 2003 and has been the President of the Company since 2008. Mrs. Saunders is also a Director on our Board of Directors and has served in this position since January 2012. Prior to 2003, Mrs. Saunders worked for PM Beef Holdings (“PM”), an integrated beef company, and developed a supply system for PM’s Ranch to Retail product line and managed PM’s USDA Process Verified program. She then served as the company’s Vice President of Marketing and Communications. Prior to joining PM in 1996, Mrs. Saunders worked for McDonald’s Corporation as a Purchasing Specialist, and Hudson Foods Corporation. Mrs. Saunders graduated with a B.S. in Agriculture Business and an M.S. in Beef Industry Leadership from Colorado State University. Mrs. Saunders sits on the Board of Directors for the International Stockmen’s Education Foundation and was the Chair for the United States Meat Export Federation for the 2015-2016 year.

Dannette Henning, 50, has been the Chief Financial Officer of the Company since January 2008. Prior to her appointment, she was engaged by the Company as a consultant beginning in November 2007. From 2004 to 2007, Mrs. Henning was the Corporate Controller for Einstein Noah Restaurant Group. From 2001 to 2003, she served as the Controller for Vari-L Company. Mrs. Henning’s previous experience includes financial management positions with KPMG Peat Marwick, DF&R Restaurant Company, and CSI/CDC Company. Mrs. Henning is a Certified Public Accountant with more than 25 years of professional experience. She received a B.B.A. degree in Accounting from the University of Texas at Arlington.

Family Relationships

John Saunders, our CEO and Chairman of the Board, is married to Leann Saunders, our President. Both Mr. and Mrs. Saunders serve on our Board of Directors.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information included in this report and our other public filings and releases, the following factors should be considered when evaluating our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects:

We operate in a competitive industry with a limited market characterized by changing technology, frequent introductions of new service offerings, service enhancements, and evolving industry standards.

We compete with many other vendors of products and services designed for tracking cattle and other livestock and for herd management and crop production practices. Our competitors range from small start-up companies to multi-national firms. Our competitors may have significantly more financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. Competition is likely to intensify as current competitors expand their service offerings and as new companies enter the market. Additionally, competition may intensify as our competitors enter into business combinations or alliances, and established companies in other market segments expand to become competitive with our business. Increasing competition may result in reduced margins and the loss of market share. Our competitors may offer broader service offerings or technologies that are more commercially attractive and gain greater market acceptance than our current or future products. Additionally, new technology may render our products and services obsolete.

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The success of our business model depends on the broad acceptance of our technologies into markets that are continuing to develop as a result of the increasing focus on food safety and assurance.

We are currently benefiting from a slow but growing movement among the agriculture, livestock and food industries to source and/or age verify products. This emerging trend is fueled in part by consumers’ focus on food safety and assurance. However, we can offer no assurances that there will be market acceptance of our technologies. Furthermore, some of our primary target segments within the agriculture, livestock and food industries are experiencing unpredictable economic conditions and are expected to continue to struggle with supply, trade and profitability issues in the near term. Although we believe that our products, if adopted on a wide-scale basis, would have a significant impact on improving the safety, quality and confidence in the world’s food supply, our customers for these products historically have been very slow to change and reluctant to adopt new technologies and business practices.

We face risks of rapidly changing regulations which may negatively impact our programs.

Regulations and standards are continually evolving and present a challenging risk. For example, in January 2013, the Japanese government announced a change to its import requirements on U.S. beef. Because the change enabled a significant increase in the amount of product qualifying for export to Japan, it negatively impacted the premiums typically seen in the marketplace for source and age verified cattle. As a result, it negatively impacted our source and age verification business by approximately 68% from 2012 to 2013. Due to the diversification of our product offerings and our strategy of managing to profitability, we were able to quickly minimize the impact of these adverse changes. While we attempt to mitigate these risks by creating innovative programs that mitigate the risk of rapidly changing regulations, we can give no assurance that we will be successful in overcoming the potential negative impact to the results of our operations.

We face risks that highly contagious diseases or viral outbreaks may negatively impact the source of product we are able to verify.

Today, infectious disease and viral outbreaks appear to be emerging more quickly than ever. For example, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDv) negatively impacted the pork/sow industry in 2014 and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, more commonly known as Bird Flu, impacted poultry operations in 2016. The Coronavirus is causing financial panic in China and has caused GDP growth to hit a wall and imports of food related products to be halted. Additionally, contagious disease or viral outbreaks create increased bio-exclusion considerations in our business. While we have created innovative solutions that mitigate the risk of transferring disease, we can give no assurance that we will be successful in overcoming the potential negative impact to the results of our operations.

In the event that market demand for third-party verified products declines, our customers may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to justify the purchase of our verification solutions and consulting services.

Public attitudes towards food production practices may be influenced by claims that these products are unsafe for consumption or pose unknown health risks. For example, decreased demand for beef and other livestock products could have a material adverse effect on the operating results and financial condition of our existing or prospective customers. If operating results of our customers are impaired, the resources that our customers can devote to building information systems for tracking cattle and other livestock and herd management are reduced, which in turn may limit purchases of our verification solutions and consulting services. Therefore, our ability to generate revenue is subject to the risks and uncertainties relating to the financial condition of our customers.

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We look for opportunities to expand our presence in international markets in which we may have limited experience, and inherently international operations are subject to increased risks which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We continually seek to expand our product and service offerings in international markets. As we expand into new international markets, we will have only limited experience in marketing and operating our products and services in such markets. In other instances, we may rely on the efforts and abilities of foreign business partners in such markets. Certain international markets may develop more slowly than do domestic markets, and our operations in international markets may not develop at a rate that supports our level of investment.

In addition to uncertainty about our ability to expand into international markets, there are certain risks inherent in doing business internationally, including, but not limited to:

| ● | trade barriers and changes in trade regulations;

| ● | difficulties in developing, staffing and simultaneously managing varying foreign operations as a result of distance, language and cultural differences;

| ● | stringent local labor laws and regulations;

| ● | longer payment cycles;

| ● | currency exchange rate fluctuations;

| ● | political or social unrest or economic instability;

| ● | import or export restrictions;

| ● | seasonal volatility in business activity;

| ● | risks related to government regulation or required compliance with local laws in certain jurisdictions, including those more fully described above; and

| ● | potentially adverse tax consequences.

One or more of these factors could harm our future international operations and consequently could harm our brand, business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business could suffer if we are unsuccessful in making, integrating, and maintaining our acquisitions and investments.

We have acquired and invested in a number of companies, and we may acquire or invest in or enter into joint ventures with additional companies. These transactions create risks such as:

| ● | disruption of our ongoing business, including loss of management focus on existing businesses;

| ● | problems retaining key personnel;

| ● | additional operating losses and expenses of the businesses we acquired or in which we invested;

| ● | the potential impairment of tangible and intangible assets and goodwill, including those that are a result of acquisitions;

| ● | the potential impairment of customer and other relationships of the company we acquired or in which we invested or our own customers as a result of any integration of operations;

| ● | the difficulty of incorporating acquired technology and rights into our offerings and unanticipated expenses related to such integration;

| ● | the difficulty of integrating a new company’s accounting, financial reporting, management, information and information security, human resource, and other administrative systems to permit effective management, and the lack of control if such integration is delayed or not implemented;

| ● | for investments in which an acquired company’s financial performance is incorporated into our financial results, either in full or in part, the dependence on such company’s accounting, financial reporting, and similar systems, controls, and processes;

| ● | the difficulty of implementing at companies we acquire the controls, procedures, and policies appropriate for a public company; and

| ● | potential unknown liabilities associated with a company we acquire or in which we invest.

12

As a result of future acquisitions or mergers, we might need to issue additional equity securities, spend our cash, or incur debt, contingent liabilities, or amortization expenses related to intangible assets, any of which could reduce our profitability and harm our business. In addition, valuations supporting our acquisitions and strategic investments could change rapidly given the current global economic climate. We could determine that such valuations have experienced impairments or other-than-temporary declines in fair value which could adversely impact our financial results.

Federal, state or local laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with such laws and regulations, could increase our expenses and expose us to legal risks.

We are subject to a wide range of general and industry-specific laws and regulations imposed by federal, state and local authorities such as sales tax, intellectual property infringement, zoning and occupancy matters. In addition, various federal and state laws govern our relationship with, and other matters pertaining to, our employees, including wage and hour laws, laws governing independent contractor classifications, requirements to provide meal and rest periods or other benefits, family leave mandates, requirements regarding working conditions and accommodations to certain employees, citizenship or work authorization and related requirements, insurance and workers’ compensation rules and anti-discrimination laws. We believe that we have complied with these laws and regulations; however, there is a risk that we will become subject to claims that allege we have failed to do so. Any claim that alleges a failure by us to comply with any of the foregoing laws and regulations may subject us to fines, penalties, injunctions, litigation and/or potential criminal violations, which could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and operating results.

Any changes to the foregoing laws or regulations or any new laws or regulations that are passed or go into effect may make it more difficult for us to operate our business and in turn adversely affect our operating results.

We may also be subject to audits by various taxing authorities. Similarly, changes in tax laws in any of the multiple jurisdictions in which we operate, or adverse outcomes from tax audits that we may be subject to in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate, could result in an unfavorable change in our effective tax rate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our future success depends upon our ability to obtain and enforce patents; prevent others from infringing on our patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights; and operate without infringing upon the patents and proprietary rights of others.

We will be able to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that it is covered by valid and enforceable patents and trademarks. Patent protection generally involves complex legal and factual issues and, therefore, the enforceability of patent rights cannot be predicted with certainty. Moreover, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. In the event that patents owned by us do not provide adequate protection, we may not be able to prevent competitors from offering substantially similar products and services.

In the event that third parties claim that our current or future products or services infringe upon their intellectual property, we may face litigation and be prevented from selling the products and services at issue. Infringement or other claims could be asserted or prosecuted against us in the future, and it is possible that past or future assertions or prosecutions could harm our business. Litigation either in defense of our intellectual property rights or in response to infringement claims made by others may be both expensive and time consuming, which in turn would adversely affect our business.

13

A significant data breach or information technology system disruption could adversely affect our business, financial results, or reputation, and we may be required to increase our spending on data and system security.

We rely heavily on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to manage or support a wide variety of important business processes and activities throughout our operations.

Our information technology systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, power outages, hardware failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, ransomware attacks, malware attacks, malicious employees or other insiders, telecommunications failures, human errors or catastrophic events. Hackers, foreign governments, cyber-terrorists and cyber-criminals, acting individually or in coordinated groups, may launch distributed denial of service attacks or other coordinated attacks that may cause service outages, gain inappropriate or block legitimate access to systems or information, or result in other interruptions in our business. In addition, breaches in security could expose us and our customers, or the individuals affected, to a risk of loss or misuse of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of customers, employees and others. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently, may be difficult to detect for a long time and often are not recognized until launched against a target. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventive measures.

We also depend on and interact with the information technology networks and systems of third parties for many aspects of our business operations, including our customers and service providers such as cloud service providers and third-party delivery services. These third parties may have access to information we maintain about our company, operations, customers, employees and vendors, or operating systems that are critical to or can significantly impact our business operations. Like us, these third parties are subject to risks imposed by data breaches and cyber-attacks and other events or actions that could damage, disrupt or close down their networks or systems. Security processes, protocols and standards that we have implemented and contractual provisions requiring security measures that we may have sought to impose on such third parties may not be sufficient or effective at preventing such events, which could result in unauthorized access to, or disruptions or denials of access to, or misuse of, information or systems that are important to our business, including proprietary information, sensitive or confidential data, and other information about our operations, customers, employees and suppliers, including personal information.

Any of these events that impact our information technology networks or systems, or those of acquired businesses, customers, service providers or other third parties, could result in disruptions in our operations, the loss of existing or potential customers, damage to our brand and reputation, regulatory scrutiny, and litigation and potential liability for the Company. Among other consequences, our customers’ confidence in our ability to protect data and systems and to provide services consistent with their expectations could be impacted, further disrupting our operations. Similarly, an actual or alleged failure to comply with applicable U.S. or foreign data protection regulations or other data protection standards may expose us to litigation, fines, sanctions or other penalties.

We have invested and continue to invest in technology security initiatives, information technology risk management and disaster recovery plans. The cost and operational consequences of implementing, maintaining and enhancing further data or system protection measures could increase significantly to overcome increasingly intense, complex and sophisticated global cyber threats. Despite our best efforts, we are not fully insulated from data breaches and system disruptions. There is no assurance that such impacts will not be material in the future, and our efforts to deter, identify, mitigate and/or eliminate future breaches may require significant additional effort and expense and may not be successful.

14

We face several risks relating to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

In connection with the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, we identified control deficiencies that constitute material weaknesses in the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting. Control deficiencies could result in a future material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. The controls were remediated during 2019 and no internal control deficiencies were identified in preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Internal control deficiencies could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. Please see Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of certain measures we have undertaken to remediate our material weaknesses.

Our future success depends to a significant degree upon the continued service of key senior management personnel, in particular, John and Leann Saunders.

Both John and Leann Saunders’ reputation and prominence in the field provide us with a strong competitive advantage. While they are currently bound by employment agreements, we can offer no assurance that John and/or Leann Saunders will be able to continue to work for us in the event of an unforeseen accident, severe injury or major disease, or on a long-term basis. The loss of key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Directors, executive officers, principal stockholders and affiliated entities beneficially own or control a significant amount of our outstanding common stock and together meaningfully influence our activities.

As of February 19, 2020, John Saunders, our Chairman and CEO, and Leann Saunders, our President, beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 28% of our common stock. These officers, if they determine to vote in the same manner, would have a significant impact on the outcome of any matter requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions or terms of any liquidation. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company that may be favored by other shareholders. This could prevent transactions in which shareholders might otherwise recover a premium for their shares over current market prices.

Because we are not presently subject to the same corporate governance standards as companies listed on registered stock exchanges or NASDAQ, our officers and directors may have interests adverse to those of the shareholders.

Registered stock exchanges and NASDAQ have enhanced corporate governance requirements that apply to issuers that list their securities on those exchanges. For example, we are not required to have any independent directors or to adopt a code of ethics. In certain circumstances, management may not have the same interests as the shareholders’ and conflicts of interest may arise. Notwithstanding the exercise of their fiduciary duties as directors and executive officers and any other duties that they may have to us or our shareholders in general, these persons may have interests different than yours which could adversely affect your investment.

We have not paid any cash dividends.

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock since our incorporation Payment of future cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that the Board of Directors considers relevant. In the absence of dividends, investors will only see a return on their investment if the value of our common stock appreciates.

15

Future sales of our securities in the public or private markets could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and our ability to continue to raise funds in new stock offerings.

It is likely that we will sell common stock or securities exercisable or convertible into common stock in order to finance our future growth plans. Future sales of substantial amounts of our securities in the public or private markets would dilute our existing shareholders and potentially adversely affect the trading prices of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of securities. Alternatively, we may rely on debt financing and assume debt obligations that require us to make substantial interest and principal payments that could adversely affect our business and future growth potential.

Price volatility of our publicly traded securities could adversely affect investors’ portfolios.

In recent months and years, the securities markets in the United States have experienced high levels of price and volume volatility, and the market prices of securities of many companies have experienced wide fluctuations that have not necessarily been related to the operating performance or prospects of such companies. It is likely that continual fluctuations in market and share prices will occur. Our shares of common stock trade on the OTCQB marketplace, which may not provide as much liquidity for our common stock as would a registered stock exchange. The price of our common stock has been subject to price and volume volatility in the past and will likely continue to be subject to such volatility in the future. In addition, unlike the registered stock exchanges, there are few corporate governance requirements imposed on OTCQB quoted companies.

Because our common stock is deemed a “penny stock,” an investment in our common stock should be considered high risk and subject to marketability restrictions.

Since our common stock is a penny stock, as defined in Rule 3a51-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), it will be more difficult for investors to liquidate their investment even if and when a market develops for our common stock. Until the trading price of our common stock rises above $5.00 per share, if ever, trading in our common stock is subject to the penny stock rules of the Exchange Act specified in Rules 15g-1 through 15g-10. Those rules require broker-dealers, before effecting transactions in any penny stock, to:

| ● | deliver to the customer, and obtain a written receipt for, a disclosure document;

| ● | disclose certain price information about the stock;

| ● | disclose the amount of compensation received by the broker-dealer or any associated person of the broker-dealer;

| ● | send monthly statements to customers with market and price information about the penny stock; and

| ● | in some circumstances, approve the purchaser’s account under certain standards and deliver written statements to the customer with information specified in the rules.

Consequently, the penny stock rules may restrict the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect the ability of holders to sell their common stock in the secondary market and the price at which such holders can sell any such securities. These additional procedures could also limit our ability to raise additional capital in the future.

As a public company, we are subject to complex legal and accounting requirements that require us to incur substantial expenses, and our financial controls and procedures may not be sufficient to ensure timely and reliable reporting of financial information, which, as a public company, could materially harm our stock price and listing on the OTCQB marketplace.

As a public company, we are subject to numerous legal and accounting requirements that do not apply to private companies. The cost of compliance with many of these requirements is substantial, not only in absolute terms but, more importantly, in relation to the overall scope of the operations of a small company.

16

Failure to comply with these requirements can have numerous adverse consequences, including, but not limited to, our inability to file required periodic reports on a timely basis, loss of market confidence, delisting of our securities and/or governmental or private actions against us. We cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with all of these requirements or that the cost of such compliance will not prove to be a substantial competitive disadvantage as compared with privately held and larger public competitors.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”) requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley (“Section 404”). Our compliance with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley requires that we incur substantial accounting expenses and expend significant management efforts. The effectiveness of our controls and procedures may in the future be limited by a variety of factors, including:

| ● | faulty human judgment and simple errors, omissions or mistakes;

| ● | fraudulent action of an individual or collusion of two or more people;

| ● | inappropriate management override of procedures; and

| ● | the possibility that any enhancements to controls and procedures may still not be adequate to assure timely and accurate financial information.

If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identifies deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, we may be subject to delisting, investigations by the SEC and civil or criminal sanctions.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company leases approximately 15,700 square feet of office space for its corporate headquarters. Total rental payments are approximately $39,400 per month as of December 31, 2019, which includes common area charges, and are subject to annual increases over the term of the lease. The lease agreement has an initial term of five years plus two renewal periods, which the Company is likely to renew. This space is being leased from a company in which our CEO and President, each a related party to the Company, have a 24.3% jointly held ownership interest.

In September 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for our Urbandale, Iowa office space. The lease is for a period of two years and expired on August 31, 2019. This lease was extended for an additional 3 years, terminating on August 31, 2022. Rental payments are approximately $3,000 per month, which includes common area charges, and are not subject to annual increases over the term of the lease.

The Company owns approximately ¾ acre on which a 2,300-square foot building is located, in Medina, North Dakota. Until January 12, 2018, the Company leased space in this building under a five-year lease with an expiration date of March 1, 2018. Under the lease, the Company was charged a monthly rental rate of approximately $150 plus all insurance, taxes and other costs based on actual expenses to maintain the building. On January 12, 2018, the Company purchased the 2,300-square foot building and terminated the lease. The purchase price of approximately $135,600 was funded by cash on hand.

In connection with our acquisition of SureHarvest, we added two locations in California: Soquel and Modesto. Our office space in Soquel expired on November 30, 2018 and was extended until February 28, 2019. It required rental payments of approximately $2,700 per month. The monthly rental payments for our leased space in Modesto was approximately $600 and the lease agreement was month-to-month. We ceased using the Modesto location in July 2018.

17

In connection with our acquisition of JVF, we added one additional location in Pleasanton, California. The lease expired November 30, 2018. Rental payments were approximately $2,200 per month.

In December 2018, we entered into a new lease agreement and relocated our offices in Soquel, Modesto and Pleasanton, California to San Ramon, California. The lease is for a period of sixty-six months and expires on May 1, 2024. Rental payments are approximately $5,900 per month as of December 31, 2019, which includes common area charges, and are subject to annual increases over the term of the lease.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in various legal actions, administrative proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We generally record losses for claims in excess of the limits of purchased insurance in earnings at the time and to the extent they are probable and estimable.

There are currently no pending proceedings against the Company.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

18

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information for Common Stock

The Company’s common stock is traded over-the-counter under the symbol “WFCF.”

Stockholders

As of February 19, 2020, we estimate that there were 117 record holders of our common stock. A significant number of the outstanding shares of common stock which are beneficially owned by individuals and entities are registered in the name of Cede & Co. A nominee of The Depository Trust Company, Cede & Co. is a securities depository for banks and brokerage firms.

Dividends

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

In connection with the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Sow Organic, LLC, we issued 217,654 shares of common stock of Where Food Comes From, Inc. valued at approximately $433,100 based upon the closing price of our stock on May 16, 2018, of $1.99 per share.

In connection with the purchase of ten percent of the membership interests of Progressive Beef, LLC, we issued 50,340 shares of common stock of Where Food Comes From, Inc. valued at approximately $91,100 based upon the closing price of our stock on August 9, 2018, of $1.81 per share.

In connection with the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of JVF Consulting, LLC, we issued 158,437 shares of common stock of Where Food Comes From, Inc. valued at approximately $315,300 based upon the closing price of our stock on August 29, 2018, of $1.99 per share.

In connection with the acquisition of the non-controlling interest in SureHarvest Services, LLC, we issued 303,951 shares of common stock of Where Food Comes From, Inc. valued at approximately $547,000 based upon the closing price of our stock on December 17, 2019, of $1.80 per share.

The issuances of the shares of our common stock described above were pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and related state private offering exemptions. All of the investors were Accredited Investors as defined in the Securities Act who took their shares for investments purposes without a view to distribution and had access to information concerning the Company and its business prospects, as required by the Securities Act. In addition, there was no general solicitation or advertising for these shares. All certificates for these shares issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) contain a restrictive legend. Finally, our stock transfer agent has been instructed not to transfer any of such shares, unless such shares are registered for resale or there is an exemption with respect to their transfer.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On September 30, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a plan to buy back up to ten million additional shares of our common stock from the open market (“Stock Buyback Plan”). Our Stock Buyback Plan has been and will be used to return capital to shareholders and to minimize the dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards. In the future, we may consider additional share repurchases under our plan based on several factors, including our cash position, share price, operational liquidity, and planned investment and financing needs.

19

Activity for the quarter ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Cost of Shares |  |  | Average Cost per Share |
Shares purchased - October 2019 |  |  | 46,323 |  |  | $ | 77,637 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |
Shares purchased - November 2019 |  |  | 43,009 |  |  |  | 67,885 |  |  | $ | 1.58 |
Shares purchased - December 2019 |  |  | 21,900 |  |  |  | 38,688 |  |  | $ | 1.77 |
Total |  |  | 111,232 |  |  | $ | 184,210 |  |  | $ | 1.66 |

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not applicable.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and other publicly available documents, including the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Additionally, our officers and representatives may from time to time make forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “believe,” “project,” “estimate,” “expect,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “will” and similar references to future periods. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding:

| ● | our expectations and beliefs about the market and industry and competitive landscape;

| ● | our goals, plans, and expectations regarding our operations and properties and results;

| ● | our beliefs about our competitive advantages, the diversification of our product offerings, and the keys to our success;

| ● | plans regarding our Stock Buyback Plan;

| ● | our beliefs and expectations regarding our financial position, ability to finance operations and growth, and pay dividends;

| ● | the amount of financing necessary to support operations; and

| ● | our beliefs regarding the impact of the adoption of certain accounting standards on our financial statements.

20

Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

| ● | changing technology and evolving standards in the livestock and food industry;

| ● | consumer focus on food safety and assurance;

| ● | competition from other providers serving the food and agriculture industry;

| ● | economic and financial conditions in the livestock and food industry;

| ● | international export market activities, including trade barriers to certain beef and other livestock exports;

| ● | market demand for beef and other livestock products;

| ● | seasonal volatility in business activity;

| ● | developments and changes in laws and regulations, including increased regulation of the livestock and food industry through legislative action and revised rules and standards;

| ● | strategic actions, including acquisitions and our success in integrating acquired businesses;

| ● | enforceability of our patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights;

| ● | continued service of key senior management personnel; and

| ● | such other factors as discussed throughout Part II, “Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018

The following table shows information for reportable operating business segments:

|  | Year ended December 31, 2019 |  |  | Year ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Verification and Certification Segment |  |  | Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment |  |  | Eliminations and Other |  |  | Consolidated Totals |  |  | Verification and Certification Segment |  |  | Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment |  |  | Eliminations and Other |  |  | Consolidated Totals |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible and other assets, net |  | $ | 1,303,795 |  |  | $ | 1,943,900 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,247,695 |  |  | $ | 1,464,435 |  |  | $ | 2,387,686 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,852,121 |
Goodwill |  |  | 1,133,122 |  |  |  | 1,812,613 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,945,735 |  |  |  | 1,133,122 |  |  |  | 2,010,612 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,143,734 |
Total assets |  |  | 13,236,311 |  |  |  | 5,001,150 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,237,461 |  |  |  | 9,178,009 |  |  |  | 5,285,929 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,463,938 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Verification and certification service revenue |  | $ | 15,564,411 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,564,411 |  |  | $ | 13,743,311 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,743,311 |
Product sales |  |  | 3,300,799 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,300,799 |  |  |  | 2,266,771 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,266,771 |
Software license, maintenance and support services revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,273,820 |  |  |  | (207,277 | ) |  |  | 1,066,543 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 993,161 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 993,161 |
Software-related consulting service revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 947,524 |  |  |  | (104,861 | ) |  |  | 842,663 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800,316 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800,316 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 18,865,210 |  |  | $ | 2,221,344 |  |  | $ | (312,138 | ) |  | $ | 20,774,416 |  |  | $ | 16,010,082 |  |  | $ | 1,793,477 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,803,559 |
Costs of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs of verification and certification services |  |  | 8,628,292 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (183,983 | ) |  |  | 8,444,309 |  |  |  | 7,564,946 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,564,946 |
Costs of products |  |  | 2,148,564 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,148,564 |  |  |  | 1,438,648 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,438,648 |
Costs of software license, maintenance and support services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 615,248 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 615,248 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 644,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 644,746 |
Costs of software-related consulting services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 486,880 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 486,880 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 411,468 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 411,468 |
Total costs of revenues |  |  | 10,776,856 |  |  |  | 1,102,128 |  |  |  | (183,983 | ) |  |  | 11,695,001 |  |  |  | 9,003,594 |  |  |  | 1,056,214 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,059,808 |
Gross profit |  |  | 8,088,354 |  |  |  | 1,119,216 |  |  |  | (128,155 | ) |  |  | 9,079,415 |  |  |  | 7,006,488 |  |  |  | 737,263 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,743,751 |
Depreciation & amortization |  |  | 373,583 |  |  |  | 722,877 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,096,460 |  |  |  | 320,094 |  |  |  | 622,324 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 942,418 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 5,624,489 |  |  |  | 934,250 |  |  |  | (128,155 | ) |  |  | 6,430,584 |  |  |  | 5,245,707 |  |  |  | 681,073 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,926,780 |
Segment operating (loss)/income |  | $ | 2,090,282 |  |  | $ | (537,911 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,552,371 |  |  | $ | 1,440,687 |  |  | $ | (566,134 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 874,553 |
Other items to reconcile segment operating income (loss) to net income attributable to WFCF: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expense (income) |  |  | (92,584 | ) |  |  | 161,985 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69,401 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (109,433 | ) |  |  | (109,433 | )
Income tax (benefit)/expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 460,000 |  |  |  | 460,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 309,008 |  |  |  | 309,008 |
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | 322,195 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 322,195 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 125,758 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 125,758 |
Net (loss)/income attributable to WFCF |  | $ | 2,182,866 |  |  | $ | (377,701 | ) |  | $ | (460,000 | ) |  | $ | 1,345,165 |  |  | $ | 1,440,687 |  |  | $ | (440,376 | ) |  | $ | (199,575 | ) |  | $ | 800,736 |

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Verification and Certification Segment

Verification and certification service revenues consist of fees charged for verification audits and other verification and certification related services that the Company performs for customers. Fees earned from our WFCF labeling program are also included in our verification and certification revenues as it represents a value-added extension of our source verification. Verification and certification service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased approximately $1.82 million, or 13.3% compared to 2018. Overall, the increase is due to an increase in new verification customers, as well as an increase in product offerings. We continue to see increased demand from cattle producers in response to the re-opening of the export market to China as discussed in Item 1. “Business - Industry Background - Current Marketplace Opportunities.”

Our product sales are an ancillary part of our verification and certification services and represent sales of cattle identification ear tags. Product sales for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased approximately $1.0 million, or 45.6% compared to 2018. Overall, our product sales have increased primarily in response to the re-opening of the China export market and the requirement for source and age verification using an identification tag at birth for cattle.

Costs of revenues (for services and product sales) for the verification and certification segment for the year ended December 31, 2019 were approximately $10.6 million compared to approximately $9.0 million in 2018. Gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased slightly to 42.2% compared to 43.8% in 2018. Our margins are impacted primarily due to competitive pricing offered to dairy calf ranches for significantly higher purchase volumes of cattle identification ear tags. Our margins are generally impacted by various costs such as cost of products, salaries and benefits, insurance and taxes.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased 5.5% compared to 2018. Overall, the increase in our selling, general and administrative expenses is due in part to continued increase in head count and increasing public company compliance costs and professional fees due to implementing new accounting standards.

Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment

Software license, maintenance and support services revenue is a revenue stream specific to our acquisitions of SureHarvest, Sow Organic and JVF Consulting. We employ a SaaS revenue model that bundles annual software licenses with ongoing software enhancements and upgrades and a wide range of professional services that generate incremental revenue specific to the food and agricultural industry. For the year ended December 31, 2019, software license, maintenance and support services revenue increased approximately 7.4% over 2018 predominately due to an increase in the number of billable hours of staff focused on software enhancements and upgrades.

Software-related consulting service revenue primarily represents fees earned from professional appearances, customer education and training related services specific to our acquisition of SureHarvest. Software-related consulting service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased approximately 5.3% over 2018 predominately due to growth in customer education and training services.

Costs of revenues for our software sales and related consulting segment for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $1.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2019, gross margin increased to 58.6% compared to 41.1% in 2018. The lower margin in 2018 was predominately due to additional costs absorbed from the Sow Organic and JVF acquisitions during 2018. Our margins in 2019 are impacted by changes in overall efficiency, as well as streamlining other costs of salaries and benefits, insurance, and taxes.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased 27.1% compared to 2018. The increase is predominately due to additional fixed costs absorbed from the Sow Organic and JVF acquisitions.

As with all of our acquisitions, we continue to identify synergies and implement best practices. We focus our efforts to create value in various ways such as improving the performance of our acquired businesses, removing excess capacity, creating market access for products, acquiring skills and technologies more quickly or at a lower cost than we can build in-house, exploiting our industry-specific scalability and bundling opportunities, and picking winners early and helping them develop their businesses. Achieving any or all of these strategies take time to implement. We have learned that it can take two to three years after an acquisition to fully understand the complexities, at which time, we have seen solid improvements in revenues and/or costs.

Dividend Income from Progressive Beef, LLC

On August 9, 2018, the Company purchased a ten percent membership interest in Progressive Beef, LLC (“Progressive Beef”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $991,000. The Company received dividend income of $120,00 and $100,000 during 2019 and 2018, respectively, from Progressive Beef representing a distribution of their earnings.

Income Tax Expense

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded income tax expense of approximately $460,000 compared to approximately $309,000 for 2018. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 was 30.1% compared to a federal corporate rate of 21.0%. The increase is primarily related to expired/forfeited stock options and the minority interest in SureHarvest. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2018 was 31.4%.

Net Income and Per Share Information

As a result of the foregoing, net income attributable to WFCF shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019 was approximately $1,345,200 or $0.05 per basic and diluted common share, compared to approximately $800,700 or $0.03 per basic and diluted common share in 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2019, we had cash, cash equivalents and certificates of deposits (classified as short-term and long-term investments) of approximately $2.9 million compared to approximately $2.0 million at December 31, 2018. Our working capital at December 31, 2019 was approximately $3.1 million compared to approximately $2.7 million at December 31, 2018.

Net cash provided by operating activities during 2019 was approximately $2.9 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $1.2 million during the same period in 2018. Net cash provided by operating activities is driven by our net income and adjusted by non-cash items. Non-cash adjustments primarily include depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, and deferred taxes. Fluctuations are primarily due to operating performance offset by the timing of cash receipts and cash disbursements.

Net cash used in investing activities during 2019 was approximately $1.1 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of approximately $2.0 million during 2018. Net cashed used in the 2019 period was primarily the $1.0 million cash paid in the acquisition of the non-controlling interest in SureHarvest. Net cash used in the 2018 period was primarily attributable to business acquisitions (Sow Organic and JVF Consulting) and other business investments (Progressive Beef) for $1.9 million in cash, $0.1 million for the purchase of a 2,300-square foot building located in Medina, North Dakota, which was previously leased, approximately $0.1 million for leasehold improvements for the expansion of our Corporate Office, offset by $0.3 million in proceeds from the maturity of a certificate of deposit.

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Net cash used in financing activities during 2019 was approximately $0.6 million compared to net cash used of $0.4 million in the 2018 period. Net cash used in the both the 2019 and 2018 period was primarily due to the repurchase of common shares under the Stock Buyback Plan.

Historically, our growth has been funded through a combination of convertible debt from private investors and private placement offerings and more recently cashflows from operations. We continually evaluate all funding options, including additional offerings of our securities to private, public and institutional investors and other credit facilities as they become available.

The primary driver of our operating cash flow is our third-party verification solutions, specifically the gross margin generated from services provided. Therefore, we focus on the elements of those operations, including revenue growth and long-term projects that ensure a steady stream of operating profits to enable us to meet our cash obligations. On a weekly basis, we review the performance of each of our revenue streams focusing on third-party verification solutions compared with prior periods and our operating plan. We believe that our various sources of capital, including cash flow from operating activities, overall improvement in our performance, and our ability to obtain additional financing, are adequate to finance current operations as well as the repayment of current debt obligations. We are not aware of any other event or trend that would negatively affect our liquidity. In the event such a trend develops, we believe that there are sufficient financing avenues available to us and from our internal cash-generating capabilities to adequately manage our ongoing business.

The culmination of all our efforts has brought significant opportunities to us, including increased investor confidence and renewed interest in our company, as well as the potential to develop business relationships with long-term strategic partners. In keeping with our core business, we will continue to review our business model with a focus on profitability, long-term capital solutions and the potential impact of acquisitions or divestitures, if such an opportunity arises.

Our plan for continued growth is primarily based on diversification in our product offerings within national and international markets, as well as, potential acquisitions. We believe that there are significant growth opportunities available to us because of growing consumer awareness and demand on a national level. Internationally, a quality verification program is often the only way to overcome import or export restrictions.

Debt Facility

The Company has a revolving line of credit (“LOC”) agreement which matures April 12, 2020. The LOC provides for $75,080 in working capital. The interest rate is at the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 1.50% and is adjusted daily. Principal and interest are payable upon demand, but if demand is not made, then annual payments of accrued interest only are due, with the principal balance due upon maturity. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the effective interest rate was 6.25% and 7.0%, respectively. The LOC is collateralized by all the business assets of International Certification Services, Inc. (“ICS”), a subsidiary of WFCF. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, there were no amounts outstanding under this LOC.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2019, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements of any type.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Below is a discussion of the accounting policies and related estimates that we believe are the most critical to understanding our consolidated financial statements, financial condition and results of operations and which require complex management judgments, uncertainties and/or estimates. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during a reporting period; however, actual results could differ from those estimates. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of the critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Information regarding our other accounting policies is included in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

Verification and Certification Segment

We offer a range of products and services to maintain identification, traceability, and verification systems. We conduct both on-site and desk audits to verify that claims being made about livestock, food, other high-value specialty crops and agricultural products are accurate. We generate revenue primarily from the sale of our verification solutions, consulting services and hardware sales. We sell our products and services directly to customers at various levels in the livestock and agricultural supply chains.

Verification and certification service revenue primarily consists of fees charged for verification audits and other verification services that the Company performs for customers. We recognize revenue utilizing an input method to measure over-time progress of each verification audit based on the number of audit days performed.

For certain of our third-party crop and other processed product audits, we assess a fixed fee for the annual certification period. We recognize revenue utilizing an input method to measure progress toward satisfaction of the annual assessment based on the percentage of activities/phases or input reviews completed under the annual assessment.

Product sales are primarily generated from the sale of cattle identification ear tags. Revenue for product sales is recognized upon delivery of the goods to customer, at which point title, custody and risk of loss transfer to the customer.

We had deferred revenue of approximately $0.6 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily related to the annual certification period for certain of our third-party crop and other processed product audits. The balance of these contract liabilities at the beginning of the period is expected to be recognized as revenue during 2020.

Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment

We predominately offer software products via a SaaS model, which is an annual subscription-based model. Support services are generally included in the subscription. We also provide web-hosting services on an annual basis to all of our customers in conjunction with their software subscription.

We recognize revenue related to the SaaS arrangement over an annual subscription period utilizing a time-based output measure of progress that results in a straight-line attribution of revenue. We had deferred revenue of approximately $0.2 million at both December 31, 2019 and 2018, primarily due to the SaaS arrangements.

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In some of our SaaS contracts, we also provide software-related consulting services to our customers during an annual software subscription period. Consulting services fees are derived from a standard rate card by employee level, and we invoice for consulting services monthly on a time-incurred basis. We recognize revenue over time utilizing the practical expedient that allows us to recognize revenue in the amount to which we have a right to invoice.

In connection with web-hosting services under our SaaS arrangements, we present revenue on a gross basis, with consideration received from our customer for the web-hosting service recorded as revenue and the cost paid to the third-party to provide those web-hosting services recorded as an expense.

Other

Generally, we do not provide right of return or warranty on product sales or services performed.

In connection with the provision of on-site audits, reimbursable expenses are incurred and billed to customers, and such amounts are recognized on a gross basis as both revenue and cost of revenue.

Any amounts collected on behalf of a third-party and remitted in full to that third-party are excluded from the transaction price and, thus, revenue.

Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Significant portions of our verification and certification service revenue is typically realized during late May through early October when the calf marketings and the growing seasons are at their peak. Although this seasonality does not impact our policies for revenue recognition, it does generally impact our results of operations by potentially causing an increase in its profit margins during May through October and decreased margins during November through April.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes all equity-based compensation as stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the compensation measured at the grant date. For stock options, fair value is calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. For restricted stock awards, fair value is the closing stock price for the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The expense is recognized over the vesting period of the grant.

Calculating stock-based compensation expense using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the stock-based awards, stock price volatility, and the pre-vesting option forfeiture rate. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including the types of awards, employee classification and historical experience. Actual forfeitures may differ substantially from our current estimate. Under this pricing model, which incorporates ranges of assumptions for inputs, our assumptions are as follows:

● | Dividend yield is based on our historical policy of not paying cash dividends.

● | Expected volatility assumptions were derived from our actual volatilities.

● | The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term at the grant date.

● | The expected term of options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules, based on historical exercise patterns, which we believe are representative of future behavior.

There is a risk that our estimates of the fair values may differ from the actual values. It is possible that employee stock options may expire worthless or otherwise result in zero intrinsic value as compared to the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. Alternatively, value may be realized from these instruments that are significantly in excess of the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. The fair value determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer / willing seller market transaction.

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Estimates of share-based compensation expense are highly subjective as to value and have an impact on our financial statements, but these expenses will never result in the payment of cash by us. For this reason, and because we do not view share-based compensation as being related to our operational performance, we exclude estimated share-based compensation expense when internally evaluating our performance.

Income Taxes

We record income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect our estimation of the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. We determine deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and income tax reporting. Accordingly, we determine the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize the underlying items of income and expense.

We consider the probability of future taxable income and our historical profitability, among other factors, in assessing the amount of the valuation allowance. Significant judgment is involved in this determination, including projections of future taxable income.

Our liability for unrecognized tax benefits contains uncertainties because management is required to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the exposures associated with our various filing positions.

Our effective income tax rate is also affected by changes in tax law, our level of earnings and the results of tax audits.

As of December 31, 2019, we concluded that a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets was not considered necessary. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company did not have an unrecognized tax liability. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the tax provision as recorded.

Goodwill

We perform an impairment test of our goodwill annually or when events and circumstances indicate goodwill might be impaired. Impairment testing of goodwill is required at the reporting unit level and involves a two-step process. However, we may first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test.

The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of our reporting units with the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill. If we determine that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, we perform a second step to compare the carrying amount of goodwill to the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as utilized to recognize goodwill in a business combination. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess.

We evaluate our reporting units on an annual basis or when events or circumstances indicate our reporting units might change.

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including performing the qualitative assessment, the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit.

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Estimating the fair value of an individual reporting unit requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, industry and economic conditions and our actual results and conditions may differ over time. Examples of events or circumstances that could have a negative effect on the estimated fair value of our reporting units include (i) changes in technology or customer demands that were not anticipated; (ii) competition or regulatory developments in the industry that may adversely affect profitability; (iii) a prolonged weakness in general economic conditions; (iv) a sustained decrease in share price; (v) volatility in the equity and debt markets which could result in a higher discount rate; and (vi) the inability to execute our strategy to grow our growth products.

These types of analyses contain uncertainties because they require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate industry economic factors and the profitability of future business strategies.

We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to evaluate impairment of goodwill during the past two years.

As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $2.9 million of goodwill.

During the fourth quarter of 2019, we performed a qualitative assessment on our ICS and Validus reporting units (within the Verification and Certification Services segment) and concluded that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded their carrying value.

Also, during the fourth quarter of 2019, we utilized a valuation expert to estimate the fair value of our SureHarvest reporting unit. SureHarvest, which includes Sow Organic and JVF Consulting, is the sole operating segment within the Software Sales and Related Consulting segment. We estimated fair value using a 14-year projection of discounted cash flows which incorporates planned growth rates, market-based discount rates and estimates of residual value. Additionally, we used a market-based, weighted-average cost of capital of 20.1% to discount the projected cash flows of those operations. As of December 31, 2019, the fair value did not exceed the carrying value of net assets by approximately 4.0%. An impairment of goodwill was recognized of $0.2 million during the year ended 2019.

Long-Lived Assets

Our definite-lived intangible assets consist of customer relationships, accreditations, tradenames/trademarks and patents related to our acquisitions, recorded at estimated fair value. It also consists of our trademark rights and the related costs incurred to obtain the trademark rights recorded at cost. These definite-lived assets are subject to amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful-lives of the respective assets, which range from two to fifteen years. Estimates of useful-lives are based on the nature of the underlying assets as well as our experience with similar assets and intended use. We periodically review estimated useful-lives for reasonableness.

We evaluate recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Assumptions and estimates about future values and remaining useful-lives can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as consumer spending habits and general economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts.

We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology or useful-lives we use to account for long-lived assets during the past two years.

We adopted ASU 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842) as of January 1, 2019. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in the right-of-use (ROU) assets, current operating lease liabilities and noncurrent operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current finance lease obligations and long-term finance lease obligations in our consolidated balance sheet.

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ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

Indefinite-Lived Assets

Our non-amortizable intangible assets which have an indefinite life relate to the trademarks/tradenames acquired in the Validus acquisition. Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, if an intangible asset is determined to have an indefinite useful life, it shall not be amortized until its useful life is determined to no longer be indefinite. Accordingly, we evaluate the remaining useful life of an intangible asset that is not being amortized each reporting period to determine whether events or circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life.

In addition, an intangible asset that is not subject to amortization shall be tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Entities testing an indefinite-lived intangible asset for impairment have the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the asset. If entities determine, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the likelihood of the indefinite-lived intangible asset being impaired is below a “more-likely-than-not” threshold (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50 percent), the entity would not need to calculate the fair value of the asset.

As of December 31, 2019, there have been no changes to the indefinite life determination pertaining to these intangible assets. Based on the qualitative assessment on Validus reporting unit, we concluded that the likelihood of the indefinite lived asset being impaired was below a “more-likely-than-not” threshold.

Business Combinations

A component of our growth strategy has been to acquire businesses that complement our existing operations. We account for business combinations in accordance with the guidance for business combinations and related literature. Accordingly, we allocate the purchase price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of purchase. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

In determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, we use various recognized valuation methods, including present value modeling and referenced market values (where available). Further, we make assumptions within certain valuation techniques, including discount rates and the timing of future cash flows. Valuations are performed by management or independent valuation specialists under management’s supervision, where appropriate. We believe that the estimated fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on reasonable assumptions that marketplace participants would use. However, such assumptions are inherently uncertain and actual results could differ from those estimates.

Additionally, when acquiring a company that has recorded deferred revenue in its historical, pre-acquisition financial statements, we are required as part of purchase accounting to re-measure the deferred revenue as of the acquisition date. Deferred revenue is re-measured to represent solely the cost that relates to the associated legal performance obligation which we assumed as part of the acquisition, plus a normal profit margin representing the level of effort or assumption of risk assumed. Legal performance obligations that simply relate to the passage of time would not result in recognized deferred revenue as there is little to no associated cost.

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RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a detailed description of recent accounting pronouncements.

ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Financial Statements

| Page
Financial Statements: |
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms | 31
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 | 33
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 34
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 35
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 36
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 37

30

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Castle Rock, Colorado

OPINION ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Where Food Comes From, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

BASIS FOR OPINION

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Causey Demgen & Moore, P.C.

We have served as the Company’s auditors since 2019.

Denver, Colorado

March 5, 2020

31

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Castle Rock, Colorado

OPINION ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Where Food Comes From, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statement of operations, equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

BASIS FOR OPINION

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Crowe LLP

We served as the Company’s auditors from 2018 to 2019.

Denver, Colorado

March 29, 2019

32

Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,637,665 |  |  | $ | 1,482,391 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |  |  | 2,515,244 |  |  |  | 2,205,162 |
Short-term investments in certificates of deposit |  |  | 258,097 |  |  |  | 245,597 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 450,346 |  |  |  | 439,424 |
Total current assets |  |  | 5,861,352 |  |  |  | 4,372,574 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 1,545,294 |  |  |  | 1,675,472 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 3,268,343 |  |  |  | — |
Long-term investments in certificates of deposit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 252,999 |
Investment in Progressive Beef |  |  | 991,115 |  |  |  | 991,115 |
Intangible and other assets, net |  |  | 3,247,695 |  |  |  | 3,852,121 |
Goodwill, net |  |  | 2,945,734 |  |  |  | 3,143,734 |
Deferred tax assets, net |  |  | 377,928 |  |  |  | 175,923 |
Total assets |  | $ | 18,237,461 |  |  | $ | 14,463,938 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 1,022,835 |  |  | $ | 533,925 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 673,768 |  |  |  | 492,601 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 797,033 |  |  |  | 654,872 |
Current portion of notes payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,173 |
Current portion of finance lease obligations |  |  | 8,317 |  |  |  | 11,309 |
Current portion of operating lease obligations |  |  | 239,519 |  |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 2,741,472 |  |  |  | 1,702,880 |
Notes payable, net of current portion |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,220 |
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion |  |  | 21,405 |  |  |  | 32,747 |
Operating lease obligation, net of current portion |  |  | 3,525,462 |  |  |  | — |
Deferred rent liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 119,187 |
Lease incentive obligation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 362,088 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 6,288,339 |  |  |  | 2,249,122 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingently redeemable non-controlling interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,449,007 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 95,000,000 shares authorized; 25,802,066 (2019) and 25,473,115 (2018) shares issued, and 24,977,344 (2019) and 24,968,256 (2018) shares outstanding |  |  | 25,802 |  |  |  | 25,473 |
Additional paid-in-capital |  |  | 11,424,512 |  |  |  | 11,031,264 |
Treasury stock of 824,722 (2019) and 504,859 (2018) shares |  |  | (1,664,490 | ) |  |  | (1,109,061 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 2,163,298 |  |  |  | 818,133 |
Total equity |  |  | 11,949,122 |  |  |  | 10,765,809 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 18,237,461 |  |  | $ | 14,463,938 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

33

Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |
Verification and certification service revenue |  | $ | 15,564,411 |  |  | $ | 13,743,311 |
Product sales |  |  | 3,300,799 |  |  |  | 2,266,771 |
Software license, maintenance and support services revenue |  |  | 1,066,543 |  |  |  | 993,161 |
Software-related consulting service revenue |  |  | 842,663 |  |  |  | 800,316 |
Total revenues |  |  | 20,774,416 |  |  |  | 17,803,559 |
Costs of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs of verification and certification services |  |  | 8,444,309 |  |  |  | 7,564,946 |
Costs of products |  |  | 2,148,564 |  |  |  | 1,438,648 |
Costs of software license, maintenance and support services |  |  | 615,248 |  |  |  | 644,746 |
Costs of software-related consulting services |  |  | 486,880 |  |  |  | 411,468 |
Total costs of revenues |  |  | 11,695,001 |  |  |  | 10,059,808 |
Gross profit |  |  | 9,079,415 |  |  |  | 7,743,751 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 7,527,044 |  |  |  | 6,869,198 |
Income from operations |  |  | 1,552,371 |  |  |  | 874,553 |
Other expense (income): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend income from Progressive Beef |  |  | (120,000 | ) |  |  | (100,000 | )
Gain on sale of assets |  |  | (9,326 | ) |  |  | — |
Impairment of goodwill |  |  | 198,000 |  |  |  | — |
Other income, net |  |  | (9,330 | ) |  |  | (14,270 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 10,057 |  |  |  | 4,837 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 1,482,970 |  |  |  | 983,986 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 460,000 |  |  |  | 309,008 |
Net income |  |  | 1,022,970 |  |  |  | 674,978 |
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | 322,195 |  |  |  | 125,758 |
Net income attributable to Where Food Comes From, Inc. |  | $ | 1,345,165 |  |  | $ | 800,736 |
Per share - net income attributable to Where Food Comes From, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 24,850,409 |  |  |  | 24,825,933 |
Diluted |  |  | 25,027,247 |  |  |  | 24,989,457 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

34

Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 1,022,970 |  |  | $ | 674,978 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,096,460 |  |  |  | 942,418 |
Impairment of goodwill |  |  | 198,000 |  |  |  | — |
Lease incentive obligation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,321 | )
Deferred rent liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 119,187 |
Write-off beneficial lease arrangement |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,457 |
Gain on sale of assets |  |  | (9,326 | ) |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 162,405 |  |  |  | 161,128 |
Deferred tax benefit |  |  | (97,645 | ) |  |  | (96,301 | )
Bad debt expense |  |  | 27,295 |  |  |  | 30,000 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (337,377 | ) |  |  | (336,412 | )
Short-term investments |  |  | (12,500 | ) |  |  | (5,390 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | (10,922 | ) |  |  | (194,351 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 488,910 |  |  |  | 76,618 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 181,167 |  |  |  | (108,814 | )
Deferred revenue |  |  | 142,161 |  |  |  | (150,027 | )
Right of use assets and liabilities, net |  |  | 23,333 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 2,874,931 |  |  |  | 1,154,170 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of Sow Organic |  |  | — |  |  |  | (450,000 | )
Acquisition of JVF Consulting |  |  | — |  |  |  | (500,000 | )
Acquisition of non-controlling interest in SureHarvest Services, LLC, net of tax effect |  |  | (1,000,000 | ) |  |  | — |
Investment in Progressive Beef |  |  | — |  |  |  | (900,000 | )
Proceeds from sale of assets |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of property, equipment and software development costs |  |  | (369,200 | ) |  |  | (366,691 | )
Proceeds from maturity of short-term investments |  |  | 252,999 |  |  |  | 250,000 |
Redemption (purchases) of other long-term assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,131 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (1,115,201 | ) |  |  | (1,974,822 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayments of notes payable |  |  | (42,393 | ) |  |  | (9,505 | )
Repayments of finance lease obligations |  |  | (6,634 | ) |  |  | (8,699 | )
Stock repurchase under Stock Buyback Plan |  |  | (555,429 | ) |  |  | (384,531 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (604,456 | ) |  |  | (402,735 | )
Net change in cash |  |  | 1,155,274 |  |  |  | (1,223,387 | )
Cash at beginning of period |  |  | 1,482,391 |  |  |  | 2,705,778 |
Cash at end of period |  | $ | 2,637,665 |  |  | $ | 1,482,391 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

35

Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Equity

Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Retained |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2018 |  |  | 24,652,895 |  |  | $ | 24,972 |  |  | $ | 10,353,037 |  |  | $ | (724,530 | ) |  | $ | 17,397 |  |  | $ | 9,670,876 |
Effect of acquisition fair value adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (321,937 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (321,937 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161,128 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161,128 |
Issuance of common shares in acquisition of Sow Organic LLC |  |  | 217,654 |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | 432,913 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 433,131 |
Issuance of common shares for investment in Progressive Beef LLC |  |  | 50,340 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 91,065 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 91,115 |
Issuance of common shares in acquisition of JVF Consulting LLC |  |  | 158,437 |  |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 315,132 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 315,291 |
Repurchase of common shares under Stock Buyback Plan |  |  | (185,070 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (384,531 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (384,531 | )
Vesting of restricted shares issued to employees |  |  | 74,000 |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net income attributable to Where Food Comes From, Inc. |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800,736 |  |  |  | 800,736 |
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 24,968,256 |  |  | $ | 25,473 |  |  | $ | 11,031,264 |  |  | $ | (1,109,061 | ) |  | $ | 818,133 |  |  | $ | 10,765,809 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 162,405 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 162,405 |
Acquisition of non-controlling interest in SureHarvest Services, LLC, net of tax effect |  |  | 303,951 |  |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 230,868 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 231,172 |
Repurchase of common shares under Stock Buyback Plan |  |  | (319,863 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (555,429 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (555,429 | )
Vesting of restricted shares to Employees |  |  | 25,000 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net income attributable to Where Food Comes From, Inc. |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,345,165 |  |  |  | 1,345,165 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 24,977,344 |  |  | $ | 25,802 |  |  | $ | 11,424,512 |  |  | $ | (1,664,490 | ) |  | $ | 2,163,298 |  |  | $ | 11,949,122 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

36

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - The Company and Basis of Presentation

Business Overview

Where Food Comes From, Inc. is a Colorado corporation based in Castle Rock, Colorado (“WFCF”, the “Company,” “our,” “we,” or “us”). We are an independent, third-party food verification company conducting both on-site and desk audits to verify that claims being made about livestock, food, other high-value specialty crops and agricultural products are accurate. We care about food and other agricultural products, how it is grown and raised, the quality of what we eat, what farmers and ranchers do, and authentically telling that story to the consumer. Our team visits farms and ranches and looks at their plants, animals, and records, and compares the information we collect to specific standards or claims that farms and ranches want to make about how they are producing food. We strive to ensure that everyone involved in the food business - from growers and farmers to retailers and shoppers – can count on WFCF to provide authentic and transparent information about the food we eat and how, where, and by whom it is produced.

We also provide sustainability programs, compliance management and farming information management solutions to drive sustainable value creation. We employ a software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) revenue model that bundles annual software licenses with ongoing software enhancements and upgrades and a wide range of professional services that generate incremental revenue specific to the food and agricultural industry. Finally, the Company’s Where Food Comes From Source Verified® retail and restaurant labeling program utilizes the verification of product attributes to connect consumers directly to the source of the food they purchase through product labeling and web-based information sharing and education.

Most of our customers are located throughout the United States.

Basis of Presentation

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues, costs and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from the estimates.

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany transactions and amounts have been eliminated. The results of businesses acquired are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We place our cash with high quality financial institutions. At times, cash balances may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limit; however, we have not experienced any losses related to balances that exceed such FDIC insurance limits (currently $250,000), and we believe our credit risk is minimal. At times, we may also invest in short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less, which we consider to be cash and cash equivalents, since they are readily convertible to cash.

37

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Short-Term Investments in certificates of deposit

Certificates of deposit with original maturities greater than three months and remaining maturities less than one year are classified as “short-term investments.”

Long-Term Investments in certificates of deposit

Certificates of deposit with original maturities greater than three months and remaining maturities greater than one year are classified as “long-term investments.” As of December 31, 2019, the previous long-term investments fully mature in May 2020 and have been reclassed to short-term investments in certificates of deposit.

Revenue Recognition

Verification and Certification Segment

We offer a range of products and services to maintain identification, traceability, and verification systems. We conduct both on-site and desk audits to verify that claims being made about livestock, food, other high-value specialty crops and agricultural products are accurate. We generate revenue primarily from the sale of our verification solutions, consulting services and hardware sales. We sell our products and services directly to customers at various levels in the livestock and agricultural supply chains.

Verification and certification service revenue primarily consists of fees charged for verification audits and other verification services that the Company performs for customers.

A more detailed summary of our verification and certification services is included in the subsections below.

Animal Verification and Certification Services

Our animal verification and certification services contracts are generally structured in one of the following ways: (i) we commit to perform the required number of animal audits to verify a customer’s compliance with a standard or claim, or (ii) we commit to perform animal audit services at a fixed price by site or location type as requested by our customer during an annual period. These contract structures are discussed in more detail in the subsections below.

Contract to Provide Required Number of Animal Audit Services

For certain of our animal verification and certification services, we commit to perform the required number of location or site audits within our customer’s supply chain to verify customer’s compliance with a contractually-specified standard or claim. Each location or site audit is typically very short-term in nature, with a typical duration of one to two weeks. Upon completion of an audit, we provide the customer with an audit verification report for the specific site or location that was audited. Payment is made by customer upon completion of each site or location audit.

We generally enter into revenue contracts with a one-year term. Our customers generally have the right to terminate the contract without prejudice with thirty days’ written notice. We have determined that, as a result of the termination provisions present in these contracts, the accounting contract term is a thirty-day period, with each thirty-day time increment representing a separate accounting contract under ASC 606.

38

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Furthermore, we have concluded that there is a single performance obligation that is a series comprised of each distinct location or site audit performed. Our customers are charged a standard daily rate for the provision of an audit based on the scale of site operations and geographical location. Consideration attributable to each audit within the series is variable, as the number of days required to complete each audit is not known until performance of that audit occurs. We have concluded that it is appropriate to allocate variable consideration (that is, the number of days required to complete an audit) to each audit within the series. This is because the consideration that we earn for each audit relates specifically to our efforts to transfer to our customer that discrete audit, and the resulting audit opinion or verification report, for that specified site or location, and this allocation is consistent with the allocation objective as defined in ASC 606. As a result, instances in which the Company evaluates and applies the constraint on variable consideration are immaterial.

We further concluded that over-time recognition is appropriate because: (i) our performance of audits does not create an asset with an alternative use, as the audit and related verification report relates to facts and circumstances that are specific to each customer site or location (that is, there is a practical limitation on our ability to readily direct the asset to another customer) and (ii) we have an enforceable right to payment, inclusive of a reasonable profit, for performance completed to date. We utilize an input method to measure over-time progress of each audit within the series based on the number of audit days performed.

We do, however, note that there are instances in which we only have an enforceable right to payment upon completion of an audit, and thus, over-time recognition is not permitted. For these contracts, revenue is recognized at the point in time at which an audit is completed. This does not result in a significant difference in the timing of revenue recognition (as compared to those audits that are recognized over time) due to the very short-term duration of an audit.

Our customers may also have the option to purchase incremental review services (for example, an investigative audit or video review services) that are unrelated to the audit services to verify compliance with a specified standard or claim. The incremental review services are also typically very short-term in nature (that is, one to two weeks). We have concluded that these optional purchases do not reflect a material right under ASC 606 because the incremental review services are performed at standard pricing that would be charged to other similarly situated customers. Upon customer request for an incremental review service, we believe that our customer has made a discrete purchasing decision that should be treated as a separate accounting contract under ASC 606.

We charge a fixed fee for the incremental review service, and thus, upon customer request, we are entitled to fixed consideration for that service under ASC 606. We concluded that over-time revenue recognition is appropriate for incremental review services because: (i) our performance of incremental review services does not create an asset with an alternative use because that review service, and the associated customer deliverable, relates to facts and circumstances that are specific to each customer site or location (that is, there is a practical limitation on our ability to readily direct the asset to another customer) and (ii) we have an enforceable right to payment, inclusive of a reasonable profit, for performance completed to date on incremental review services. We utilize a time-based input method to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of an incremental review service, which is based on the number of hours performed on the incremental review service relative to the total number of hours required to complete that review service. As previously mentioned, our incremental review services are typically completed within one to two weeks of a customer request.

39

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Contract to Provide Animal Audit Services at Customer Request

Other animal verification and certification services contracts are structured such that we commit to perform audit services at a fixed price by site or location type as requested by our customer during an annual period. Performance of an audit typically occurs within a one to two-week period. We invoice our customer upon completion of an audit, and payment is due from customer within thirty days or less of receipt of invoice.

Under this contract structure, the customer is, in effect, provided a pricing list for animal audit services, and pricing is effective over a one-year period. We have concluded that enforceable rights and obligations do not arise until a customer actually engages us to perform an audit service documented in the pricing list; therefore, each customer request represents a purchasing decision that is a separate accounting contract under ASC 606.

We note that the termination provisions specified in our pricing lists vary. In certain instances, a customer may only have the right to terminate in the event of non-performance. Alternatively, in other contracts, a customer may have the right to terminate without prejudice at any time or with thirty days’ written notice. However, regardless of the termination provision specified, we have concluded that the accounting contract term is equal to the duration of the requested audit service (that is, the termination provisions generally do not affect the accounting contract term for each requested audit service).

Upon a customer’s request for an audit service, consideration is fixed, as we charge the customer a fixed fee by audit type over the annual period per the pricing list.

We concluded that over-time revenue recognition is appropriate for a requested audit service because: (i) our performance of the requested audit service does not create an asset with an alternative use as that audit, and the associated audit report, relate to facts and circumstances that are specific to each customer site or location (that is, there is a practical limitation on our ability to readily direct the asset to another customer) and (ii) we have an enforceable right to payment, inclusive of a reasonable profit, for performance completed to date on a requested audit. A time-based input method is utilized to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of an audit based on the number of hours performed on that audit relative to the total number of hours expected to be required to complete the audit. As previously mentioned, our audit services are typically completed within one to two weeks of a customer request.

Other Considerations for Animal Certification and Verification Services

In connection with the provision of on-site audits related to animal certification and verification services, reimbursable expenses are incurred and billed to customers, and such amounts are recognized on a gross basis as both revenue and cost of revenue.

Any amounts collected on behalf of a third-party and remitted in full to that third-party are excluded from the transaction price and, thus, revenue.

Crop and Other Processed Product Verification and Certification Services

Third-party crop and other processed product audits are generally structured such that we commit to perform an independent audit to verify that food producers and/or farmers comply with certain standards. We generally provide verification services related to organic, Non-GMO and gluten-free standards. Depending on the crop or product type, verification audit activities may take two months to one year to complete. During this assessment period, various integrated audit activities and/or input reviews are performed in accordance with the regulations specified by the relevant standard.

40

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The fee structure is such that customers pay an annual assessment fee for a crop or other processed product to verify compliance with the specified standard. This fee is payable upfront on a nonrefundable basis. Our customers can typically terminate a crop or other processed product audit at any time without prejudice. However, given the nonrefundable upfront payment structure for the annual assessment service, we have concluded that the contract term is one year. We record the upfront payment made by the customer for the annual assessment service as deferred revenue.

The audit activities and input reviews required in the provision of an annual assessment are not distinct under ASC 606, and consequently, we account for an annual assessment as a single integrated performance obligation.

For certain of our third-party crop and other processed product audits, the annual assessment fee is fixed for the annual period. In other scenarios, the annual assessment fee may be variable due to increased review activities required for incremental inputs to a crop or processed product identified through the assessment process. At the time that an incremental input is identified, which generally occurs in the early stages of an annual assessment, the incremental consideration for the provision of review services related to that incremental input also becomes known.

We allocate the transaction price derived from the annual assessment fee to the single integrated performance obligation for that annual assessment. Revenue related to the annual assessment is recognized over time in accordance with ASC 606. This is because the annual assessment service does not create an asset with an alternative use, as it relates to facts and circumstances that are specific to a customer’s crop or processed product. Further, we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date on the annual assessment due to the nonrefundable upfront payment made by customer. We utilize an input method to measure progress toward satisfaction of the annual assessment based on the percentage of activities/phases or input reviews completed under the annual assessment.

As it relates to the upfront payment for the annual assessment, we have utilized the practical expedient that exempts us from adjusting consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when we expect that the period between customer payment and the provision of the related service is one year or less.

In certain contracts, an independent third-party inspection may be required for a site or location in our customer’s supply chain in accordance with the regulations for a specified standard. An inspection is performed by an independent third-party inspector, and the customer is charged an hourly rate for these inspection services.

Under this scenario, a separate accounting contract arises upon initiation and performance of an inspection, and we typically invoice our customer for the inspection upon completion of the inspection service. Given that the customer has the ability to terminate at any time without prejudice, we have concluded that the contract term for each inspection ends as control of an inspection service transfers. Inspections are generally short-term in nature with a term ranging from a few days to two weeks.

We have further determined that inspections are distinct from an annual assessment. Consideration attributable to an inspection is variable, as the inspector is only able to provide a high-level estimate of the cost of the inspection based on the inspector’s hourly rate until the inspector is at the relevant producer/supplier site to determine the time and level of effort required to complete the inspection. Given the very short-term nature of an inspection, variability related to an inspection generally resolves itself within a reporting period. However, we are typically required by certain regulations to provide an inspection cost estimate to our customer, and, if required, we utilize that estimate as our estimate of variable consideration. The cost estimate is generally derived from the cost to perform the prior-year inspection for that specific customer site or location or, when required, the historical cost to provide an inspection for a comparable site or location. In our experience, the historical cost of inspections has been predictive of the future cost of an inspection.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Other Considerations for Crop and Other Processed Product Verification Services

Reimbursable expenses incurred in the provision of an annual assessment or required inspection are billed to our customers, and such amounts are recognized on a gross basis as both revenue and cost of revenue.

In addition, any amounts collected on behalf of a third-party and remitted in full to that third-party are excluded from the transaction price and, thus, revenue.

Product Sales

Product sales are primarily generated from the sale of cattle identification ear tags. Each customer purchase request represents a purchasing decision made by customer. As such, enforceable rights and obligations (and, thus, a separate accounting contract under ASC 606) arise at the time a customer submits its purchase request to us. At the time of request, we are entitled to fixed consideration, as the sales quantity and related price of the product is known. All of our customers are charged the same fixed price per tag.

Revenue for product sales is recognized upon delivery of the goods to customer, at which point title, custody and risk of loss transfer to the customer. We typically deliver product to the customer within a few days of customer’s sales request. At the time of delivery, we invoice our customer for the related product sales and record invoiced amounts to accounts receivable. Payment is typically due by customer upon receipt of invoice.

In relation to our product sales, the sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities are excluded from revenue.

Additionally, we do not typically provide right of return or warranty on product sales.

Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment

We predominately offer software products via a SaaS model, which is an annual subscription-based model. Support services are generally included in the subscription. We also provide web-hosting services on an annual basis to all of our customers in conjunction with their software subscription. Customers have the ability to terminate without prejudice upon thirty days’ written notice; however, the subscription fee, inclusive of maintenance and support services, and the web-hosting fee are paid upfront by the customer on a nonrefundable basis. Consequently, we have concluded that the contract term for the annual software subscription and web-hosting services is one year.

We have determined that a software license subscription and the related hosting service should be accounted for as a service transaction, as we provide the functionality of our software through the hosting arrangement. The SaaS arrangement provides customers with unlimited access to our software and, thus, is accounted for as a series of distinct daily service periods that provide substantially the same service (that is, continuous access to the hosted software) each day during the annual contract term. Further, the provision of basic technical support services also represents a stand-ready obligation that is a series of distinct daily service periods that provide substantially the same service (that is, access to our technical support infrastructure) during the annual contract term. Because the basic technical support services and SaaS each represent performance obligations that are a series of distinct daily service periods, we have elected to combine these performance obligations.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

We are entitled to fixed consideration for the software license subscription, inclusive of support services, and the related hosting service. The software license subscription and hosting fees in our contracts represent the standalone selling price for that related service. This is because the fees charged for the software license subscription and hosting service represent the software license subscription and hosting service fees that are charged to other customers with a similar level of data loaded into the software (regardless of whether that customer contracts for professional services). Accordingly, the software license subscription and hosting fees are allocated to the combined SaaS performance obligation.

We recognize revenue related to the SaaS arrangement over time because a customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit from the provision of access to the hosted software over the annual subscription period. Accordingly, we utilize a time-based output measure of progress that results in a straight-line attribution of revenue. That is, revenue related to the combined SaaS obligation should be recognized daily on a straight-line basis over the one-year subscription term, as this reflects the direct measurement of value to a customer of the provision of access to the software via hosting each day.

As it relates to the upfront payment for the software subscription and hosting service, we have utilized the practical expedient that exempts us from adjusting consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when we expect that the period between customer payment and the provision of the related service is one year or less.

In addition, we record the upfront payment made by customer for the annual assessment service as deferred revenue.

In some of our SaaS contracts, we also provide software-related consulting services to our customers during an annual software subscription period. Consulting services fees are derived from a standard rate card by employee level, and we invoice for consulting services monthly on a time-incurred basis. Due to the termination provisions present in our SaaS contracts, our customers have an in-substance renewal decision each month for further consulting services (that is, via their decision not to terminate the contract each month). Accordingly, the contract term for consulting services is on a month-to-month basis within the annual subscription period.

We have concluded that consulting services are distinct from the SaaS arrangement. To the extent that consulting services result in a software enhancement or new functionality, we have determined that those consulting services are still distinct because added features typically provide new, discrete capabilities with independent value to a customer and a customer accesses the SaaS in a single-tenant architecture. Further, additional features and functionality are often made available to a customer substantially after the “go-live” date of the software (via the hosting service). As a result, our software-related consulting services represent distinct performance obligations.

We recognize revenue related to consulting services over time in accordance with ASC 606. This is because our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use, as consulting services, and, if applicable, any related software enhancements, are highly tailored to the farming industry specific to the given customer, and we have an enforceable right to payment, inclusive of profit, for performance completed to date. As a result, for our consulting services, we have elected to utilize the practical expedient that allows us to recognize revenue in the amount to which we have a right to invoice, as we believe that we have a right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date for the provision of consulting services.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Principal versus Agent Considerations

Under certain of our verification and certification service contracts, a third-party inspector may be required to perform an independent inspection of a site or location within our customer’s supply chain in accordance with regulations of a certain standard or claim. In this scenario, we have concluded that we are the principal in the provision of inspection services to our customer, as we control the inspection service, and the related inspection report, before it is transferred to our customer. In accordance with this conclusion, we present revenue related to inspections on a gross basis, with customer payment for an inspection presented as revenue and the inspection cost paid to the third-party inspector presented as an expense.

In addition, we utilize a third-party to provide web-hosting services in the provision of our SaaS arrangements. In this scenario, we are primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide web-hosting services to the customer, and we establish the fee that the customer is charged for the web-hosting services. Consequently, we have also concluded that we are the principal in the provision of web-hosting services under our SaaS arrangements. As such, we present revenue on a gross basis, with consideration received from our customer for the web-hosting service recorded as revenue and the cost paid to the third-party to provide those web-hosting services recorded as an expense.

Disaggregation of Revenue

We have identified four material revenue categories in our business: (i) verification and certification service revenue, (ii) product sales, (iii) software license, maintenance and support services revenue and (iv) software-related consulting service revenue.

Revenue attributable to each of our identified revenue categories is disaggregated in the table below.

|  | Year ended December 31, 2019 |  |  | Year ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Verification and Certification Segment |  |  | Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment |  |  | Eliminations and Other |  |  | Consolidated Totals |  |  | Verification and Certification Segment |  |  | Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment |  |  | Eliminations and Other |  |  | Consolidated Totals |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Verification and certification service revenue |  | $ | 15,564,411 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,564,411 |  |  | $ | 13,743,311 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,743,311 |
Product sales |  |  | 3,300,799 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,300,799 |  |  |  | 2,266,771 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,266,771 |
Software license, maintenance and support services revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,273,820 |  |  |  | (207,277 | ) |  |  | 1,066,543 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 993,161 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 993,161 |
Software-related consulting service revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 947,524 |  |  |  | (104,861 | ) |  |  | 842,663 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800,316 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800,316 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 18,865,210 |  |  | $ | 2,221,344 |  |  | $ | (312,138 | ) |  | $ | 20,774,416 |  |  | $ | 16,010,082 |  |  | $ | 1,793,477 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,803,559 |

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

We generally enter into revenue contracts with a one-year term. In certain instances, we have concluded that our contract term is less than one year because: (i) the termination provisions present in the contract impact the contract term under ASC 606 or (ii) a contract under ASC 606 arises at the time our customer requests the provision of a good or service that is delivered within or over a few days to a couple of weeks. As a result of our short-term contract structures, we have utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 that exempts us from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Contract Balances

Under our animal verification and certification services contracts, we invoice customers once the performance obligation for the provision of a site or location audit has been satisfied, at which point payment is unconditional. In addition, any product sales are invoiced upon delivery to the customer, at which point payment is also unconditional. Accordingly, our animal verification and certification services contracts do not give rise to a contract asset under ASC 606; rather, invoiced amounts reflect accounts receivable.

Under our crop and other processed product verification and certification services, a nonrefundable payment for an annual assessment of compliance with a standard is typically made by our customers upfront upon contract execution. That is, payment is made in advance of the provision of annual assessment services. Accordingly, we recognize deferred revenue upon receipt of the upfront payment from our customers for crop and other processed product audit assessment services. Revenue is subsequently recognized, and the related deferred revenue is reduced, over the one-year period during which assessment services are provided to the customer using the over-time measure of progress selected in accordance with ASC 606. To the extent that an inspection is required during the annual assessment period, we invoice customers once the performance obligation for the inspection has been satisfied, at which point payment is unconditional. As such, inspection services give rise to accounts receivable.

Our software subscriptions, web-hosting, and support services are paid by our customers upfront on a nonrefundable basis. That is, payment is made in advance of the provision of these services to our customers. As a result, we recognize deferred revenue upon receipt of the upfront payment from our customers for software subscriptions, web-hosting and maintenance and support services. Revenue is subsequently recognized, and the related deferred revenue is reduced, on a straight-line basis during the annual contract term that these stand-ready services are provided to customer.

Software-related consulting services are invoiced monthly on a time-incurred basis, at which point we have an enforceable right to payment for those services. Because payment is unconditional upon invoicing, our software-related consulting services are reflected as accounts receivable.

As of December 31, 2019, and January 1, 2019, accounts receivable from contracts with customers, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, were approximately $2.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2019, and January 1, 2019, deferred revenue from contracts with customers were approximately $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The balance of the contract liabilities at December 31, 2018 was recognized as revenue in 2019 and the balance at December 31, 2019 is expected to be recognized as revenue during 2020.

The following table reflects the changes in our contract liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2019:

Deferred revenue: |  |  |  |
Unearned revenue January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 654,873 |
Unearned billings |  |  | 2,683,647 |
Revenue recognized |  |  | (2,541,487 | )
Unearned revenue December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 797,033 |

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Costs to fulfill a contract

Prior to August 2018, we incurred a fixed cost, payable to JVF Consulting, LLC, a third-party provider, to perform set-up activities for new (or first-year) customers that contract for our software subscription and hosting services. As discussed in Note 3, on August 30, 2018, we acquired JVF Consulting, which included three key employees. We concluded that those set-up activities performed by JVF did not transfer a good or service as defined in ASC 606 to our customers.

We capitalize fixed set-up costs as an asset on the following basis: (i) the fixed set-up costs incurred relate specifically to a customer contract for our software subscription and hosting service, (ii) the fixed set-up costs incurred are expected to be recovered via provision of the software subscription and hosting service to that customer and (iii) the set-up costs generate or enhance resources of the Company by permitting us to provide software subscription and hosting services to our customer, which, in turn, generates revenues.

Capitalized costs related to those set-up activities are amortized on a straight-line basis over the one-year license subscription and hosting period.

The ending balance at December 31, 2018 of capitalized assets attributable to the set-up costs incurred to fulfill software subscription and hosting contracts was not material. No set-up costs related to our software subscription and hosting services were incurred for the years-ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

In addition, amortization of capitalized set-up costs for the year ended December 31, 2018 was not material, and no impairment loss was incurred related to capitalized set-up costs for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Commissions and other costs to obtain a contract are expensed as incurred as our contracts are typically completed in one year or less, and where applicable, we generally would incur these costs whether or not we ultimately obtain the contract.

Cost of Revenues

Salaries and related fringe benefits directly associated with our verification and certification service revenues are allocated to costs of verification and certification services.

Costs of products primarily represents the cost of livestock ear tags generally used in connection with our verification programs. Livestock identification ear tags sold in connection with our verification offerings are purchased primarily from one supplier. However, there are numerous other companies which manufacture and market such ear tags.

Costs of product support, including web-hosting fees, salaries and related fringe benefits directly associated with our software license, maintenance and support services, are allocated to costs of software license, maintenance and support services.

Salaries and related fringe benefits directly associated with our software-related consulting revenues are allocated to costs of software-related consulting services.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Our receivables are generally due from trade customers. Credit is extended based on our evaluation of the customer’s financial condition, and generally collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are generally due approximately 30 days from the invoice date and are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable that are outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. We determine our allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time trade accounts receivable are past due, our previous loss and payment history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligations to us and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. We write-off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $75,700 and $65,400, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

No single customer accounted for greater than 10% of our accounts receivable balances at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure, establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value for financial assets and liabilities that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

| ● | Level 1: Quoted prices available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

| ● | Level 2: Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities that are observable for the asset or liability;

| ● | Level 3: Unobservable pricing inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources, such as discounted cash or valuation models.

The financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

The Company’s non-recurring fair value measurements include purchase price allocations for the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired through business combinations. Please refer to Note 3 for further discussion of business combinations.

The acquisition of a group of assets in a business combination transaction requires fair value estimates for assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value of assets and liabilities acquired through business combinations is calculated using a discounted future cash flows method. The discounted cash flows are developed using the income approach in which a value (based on management’s expectations for the future) is determined by converting anticipated benefits. The fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent fair value measurements which are designated as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. Key assumptions and considerations include:

| a) | A discount rate range of 19-32 percent;

| b) | Terminal value based on long-term sustainable growth rates of 3 percent;

| c) | Financial data of comparable companies for market participant assumptions; and
| d) | Consideration of the marketability that market participants would consider when measuring the fair value of a non-controlling interest in our acquisition.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Other Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. The carrying values shown for short-term investments, long-term investments and notes payable also approximate fair value because current interest rates and terms offered to us for similar instruments are substantially the same (Level 2 inputs).

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful-lives of the respective assets. Land is not depreciated. Buildings are depreciated over 15 to 20 years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term, which generally includes reasonably assured option periods, or the estimated useful-lives of the assets. All other property and equipment have depreciable lives which range from two to seven years. Upon retirement or disposal of assets, the accounts are relieved of cost and accumulated depreciation and the related gain or loss is reflected in earnings.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of tangible net assets of acquired businesses at the acquisition date, after amounts allocated to other identifiable intangible assets. Factors that contribute to the recognition of goodwill include synergies that are specific to our business and not available to other market participants and are expected to increase net sales and profits; acquisition of a talented workforce; cost savings opportunities; the strategic benefit of expanding our presence in core and adjacent markets; and diversifying our product portfolio.

The fair values of other identifiable intangible assets are primarily determined using the income approach. Other intangible assets include, but are not limited to, developed technology, customer relationships, accreditations, a beneficial lease arrangement, and tradenames/trademarks and patents. Intangible assets with determinable useful-lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful-lives of two to 15 years. Certain acquired trade names are considered to have indefinite lives and are not amortized but are assessed annually for potential impairment as described below.

Goodwill, Intangibles and Long-Lived Asset Impairment Tests

We perform our annual impairment test for goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year. We consider qualitative indicators of the fair value of a reporting unit when it is unlikely that a reporting unit has impaired goodwill. In certain circumstances, we may also utilize a discounted cash flow analysis that requires certain assumptions and estimates be made regarding market conditions and our future profitability. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also tested at least annually for impairment by comparing the individual carrying values to the fair value.

We review long-lived assets for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The evaluation is performed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows. Undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the related assets are estimated over the asset’s useful life based on updated projections. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, any potential impairment is measured based upon the fair value of the related asset or asset group as determined by an appropriate market appraisal or other valuation technique.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Research and Development and Software Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. We did not incur any research and development expense in 2019 and 2018.

Internal use software development costs represent the capitalization of certain external and internal computer software costs incurred during the application development stage. The application development stage is characterized by software design and configuration activities, coding, testing and installation. Training costs and maintenance are expensed as incurred, while upgrades and enhancements are capitalized if it is probable that such expenditures will result in additional functionality.

Website software development costs related to certain planning and training costs incurred in the development of website software are expensed as incurred, while application development stage costs are capitalized.

Software development costs for external sale are capitalized once technological feasibility is achieved. Capitalized costs are amortized over the expected benefit period. We generally expense a significant portion of software development costs because technological feasibility occurs very late in the software development process. In connection with our acquisitions (Note 3), software developed for external sale with an estimated fair value of approximately $921,000 is included in property and equipment at both December 31, 2019 and 2018. During 2019 and 2018, the amortization of capitalized costs totaled approximately $256,000 and $222,000, respectively, and is included in depreciation expense (Note 4).

Advertising and Marketing Expenses

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Total advertising and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, were approximately $466,400 and $477,300, respectively.

Income Taxes

We record income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect our estimation of the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. We determine deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and income tax reporting. Accordingly, we determine the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize the underlying items of income and expense. We consider all relevant factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent earnings experience by jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income and the carryforward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, as well as assessing available tax planning strategies. We may establish a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. Due to inherent complexities arising from the nature of our businesses, future changes in income tax law, tax sharing agreements or variances between our actual and anticipated operating results, we make certain judgments and estimates. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates.

The accounting standard related to income taxes applies to all tax positions and defines the confidence level that a tax position must meet in order to be recognized in the financial statements. The accounting standard requires that the tax effects of a position be recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority as of the reporting date. If a tax position is not considered “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are to be recognized. Differences between financial and tax reporting which do not meet this threshold are required to be recorded as unrecognized tax benefits. This standard also provides guidance on the presentation of tax matters and the recognition of potential Internal Revenue Service interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not have an unrecognized tax liability.

49

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company classifies penalty and interest expense related to income tax liabilities as an income tax expense. The Company did not incur any interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and various state jurisdictions, and there are open statutes of limitation for taxing authorities to audit our tax returns from 2015 through the current period.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes all equity-based compensation as stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the compensation measured at the grant date. For stock options, fair value is calculated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. For restricted stock awards, fair value is the closing stock price for the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The expense is recognized over the vesting period of the grant.

Calculating stock-based compensation expense using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the stock-based awards, stock price volatility, and the pre-vesting option forfeiture rate. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including the types of awards, employee classification and historical experience. Actual forfeitures may differ substantially from our current estimate. Under this pricing model, which incorporates ranges of assumptions for inputs, our assumptions are as follows:

● | Dividend yield is based on our historical policy of not paying cash dividends.

● | Expected volatility assumptions were derived from our actual volatilities.

● | The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term at the grant date.

● | The expected term of options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules, based on historical exercise patterns, which we believe are representative of future behavior.

Leases

We adopted ASU 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842) as of January 1, 2019. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in the right-of-use (ROU) assets, current operating lease liabilities and noncurrent operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current finance lease obligations and long-term finance lease obligations in our consolidated balance sheet.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

50

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

As the discount rates in the Company’s lease are not implicit, the Company estimated the incremental borrowing rate based on the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow a similar amount on a collateralized basis over a similar term.

Our lease term includes options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees.

We have operating and finance leases for corporate offices, other regional offices, and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 15 years, some of which include multiple options to extend the leases for up to 5 years each.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification is the sole source of authoritative GAAP other than SEC issued rules and regulations that apply only to SEC registrants. The FASB issues an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) to communicate changes to the codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASU’s. ASU’s not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) using the modified retrospective method of transition. Under this method of transition, we applied ASU 606 to all new contracts entered into on or after January 1, 2018 and all existing contracts for which all (or substantially all) of the revenue attributable to a contract had not been recognized under legacy revenue guidance as of January 1, 2018.

ASU 606 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and includes a five-step process to recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services.

The impact of adoption on our current period results is as follows:

|  | Year ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Under ASC |  |  | Under ASC |  |  | Increase / |
|  | 606 |  |  | 605 |  |  | (Decrease) |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Verification and certification service revenue |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 170,340 |  |  | $ | (170,340 | )
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of verification and certification services |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 170,340 |  |  | $ | (170,340 | )
Gross profit |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Retained earnings |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

51

Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Changes to verification and certification service revenue and costs of verification and certification services are due to the conclusion that fees collected on behalf of the Non-GMO Project related to the Company’s Non-GMO verification services should be excluded from the transaction price (and, thus, revenue), as these amounts are collected on behalf of a third-party. This represents a change from our accounting practice under legacy revenue guidance of presenting these amounts on a gross basis in verification and certification service revenue, with an offsetting amount presented as an expense in costs of verification and certification services.

On January 1, 2018 we adopted ASU No. 2016-01 which requires an entity to: (i) measure equity investments at fair value through net income, with certain exceptions; (ii) present the changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured using the fair value option in Other Comprehensive Income; (iii) present financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset; (iv) calculate the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes based on an exit price and; (v) assess a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to unrealized losses of available-for-sale debt securities in combination with other deferred tax assets. The Update provides an election to subsequently measure certain nonmarketable equity investments at cost less any impairment and adjusted for certain observable price changes. The update also requires a qualitative impairment assessment of such equity investments and amends certain fair value disclosure requirements. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

On January 1, 2018 we adopted ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation, which revises the guidance related to changes in terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2017-09, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases that are not short-term in nature. For a lessor, the accounting applied is also largely unchanged from previous guidance. Additionally, we elected the optional transition method that allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption and will not restate prior periods. The adoption of this update did have a material impact on assets and liabilities on the balance sheet as the standard requires the recognition of a right of use asset and corresponding lease liability. However, the adoption dd not have a material impact to our consolidated results of operations or statement of cash flows.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments made to nonemployees so the accounting for such payments is substantially the same as those made to employees. Under this ASU, share-based awards to nonemployees will be measured at fair value on the grant date of the awards, entities will need to assess the probability of satisfying performance conditions if any are present, and awards will continue to be classified according to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718 upon vesting which eliminates the need to reassess classification upon vesting, consistent with awards granted to employees. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which adds a new Topic 326 to the Codification and removes the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under current U.S. GAAP, companies generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. The revised guidance will remove all recognition thresholds and will require companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the company expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. The Company is currently required to adopt the new standard in 2023.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In April 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As a result, under the ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company is required to adopt the new standard in 2020.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 8420): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the requirements associated with the hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The provisions of this ASU are effective for reporting periods after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. The Company has performed its analysis and determined there will be no material impact to the Company’s financial statements with the implementation of this standard.

In August 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software - Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which amends the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to align with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. There will be no material impact to the Company’s financial statements with the implementation of this standard.

Note 3 – Business Acquisitions

Sow Organic Acquisition

On May 16, 2018, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Sow Organic for $450,000 in cash and 217,654 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $433,100. We believe the transaction further diversifies our offerings by adding complementary solutions and services available to new and existing customers. Sow Organic’s software as a service (SaaS) model allows organic certification bodies to automate and accelerate new customer onboarding by converting traditional paper-based processes to digital format, resulting in lower costs, improved workflow management and increased productivity. Sow Organic’s unique design allows certification bodies to digitize any certification scheme. Likewise, the software affords producers and handlers a more efficient way to become certified and to digitally manage their records on an ongoing basis, including completing annual certification requirements fully online. We intend to further develop the organic business opportunity and collaborate on a broader rollout of the solution to other certification markets where the tool is equally suited to improve efficiencies and reduce costs in the certification process. This transaction further strengthens our intellectual property portfolio, which we believe represents a distinct competitive advantage for the Company.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

We believe the impacts on proforma revenue and earnings are immaterial. The following table summarizes the final fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities acquired in addition to the excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired at the acquisition date. Measurement period adjustments were completed in 2018 and reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the Acquisition Date. Accordingly, the carrying amounts were retrospectively adjusted as of May 16, 2018. The impact of the retrospective adjustments was not material to the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for the period from the Acquisition Date through December 31, 2018.

Sow Organic, LLC: |  | May 16, 2018 (as reported) |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | May 16, 2018 (as adjusted) |
Software acquired |  | $ | 445,000 |  |  |  | (289,000 | ) |  | $ | 156,000 |
Identifiable intangible assets: |  |  | 143,754 |  |  |  | (143,754 | ) |  |  | — |
Tradenames and trademarks |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,000 |  |  |  | 48,000 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 84,000 |  |  |  | 84,000 |
Customer relationships |  |  | — |  |  |  | 162,000 |  |  |  | 162,000 |
Goodwill |  |  | 294,377 |  |  |  | 138,754 |  |  |  | 433,131 |
Total consideration |  | $ | 883,131 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 883,131 |

Excess attributable to goodwill reflects the excess over the identifiable intangible assets acquired based on the final allocation of the purchase price. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the operational and financial benefits expected to be realized from the acquisition, including cost saving synergies from operating efficiencies, future growth in bundling opportunities across divisions and brands, realized savings from a more sophisticated information technology infrastructure, and strategic advances from expansion of our intellectual property.

JVF Consulting Acquisition

On August 30, 2018, we acquired substantially all of the assets of JVF Consulting, LLC (“Seller” or “JVF”) for $500,000 in cash and 158,437 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $315,300. We believe the transaction adds value to certain of our existing software solutions which are based on intellectual property built and owned by the Seller. JVF is currently the largest technology provider to our SureHarvest division. With this acquisition, WFCF controls the intellectual property associated with its current Software as a Service (SaaS) offerings. Additionally, WFCF employed three of the Seller’s employees who enhance our ability to address new markets and services with our SaaS Solutions.

We believe the impacts on proforma revenue and earnings are immaterial. The following table summarizes the final fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities acquired in addition to the excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired at the acquisition date. Measurement period adjustments were completed in 2018 and reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the Acquisition Date. Accordingly, the carrying amounts were retrospectively adjusted as of August 30, 2018. The impact of the retrospective adjustments was not material to the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for the period from the Acquisition Date through December 31, 2018.

JVF Consulting, LLC: |  | August 30, 2018 |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | August 30, 2018 (as adjusted) |
Software acquired |  | $ | 250,000 |  |  |  | (43,000 | ) |  | $ | 207,000 |
Identifiable intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tradenames and trademarks |  |  | 5,290 |  |  |  | 81,710 |  |  |  | 87,000 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 27,000 |  |  |  | 37,000 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 100,000 |  |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 104,000 |
Goodwill |  |  | 450,000 |  |  |  | (69,710 | ) |  |  | 380,290 |
Total consideration |  | $ | 815,290 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 815,290 |

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Excess attributable to goodwill reflects the excess over the identifiable intangible assets acquired based on the final allocation of the purchase price. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the operational and financial benefits expected to be realized from the acquisition, including cost saving synergies from operating efficiencies, future growth in bundling opportunities across divisions and brands, realized savings from a more sophisticated information technology infrastructure, and strategic advances from expansion of our intellectual property.

SureHarvest Consulting, LLC

On December 17, 2019 the Company exercised its option to acquire the remaining 40% membership interest in SureHarvest for $1,000,000 in cash and 303,951 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $547,000 based on the closing price of our stock on December 17, 2019 of $1.80 per share. The Additional Paid-In Capital amount reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Equity includes adjustments for deferred income tax of approximately $102,000 and reversal of the previously recorded allocation of net losses attributable to the non-controlling interest of approximately $420,000.

Note 4 - Property and Equipment

The major categories of property and equipment are as follows as of December 31st:

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Automobiles |  | $ | 115,127 |  |  | $ | 130,841 |
Furniture and office equipment |  |  | 539,122 |  |  |  | 419,014 |
Software and tools |  |  | 1,449,216 |  |  |  | 1,299,454 |
Website development and other enhancements |  |  | 183,385 |  |  |  | 183,385 |
Building and leasehold improvements |  |  | 992,386 |  |  |  | 984,058 |
Land |  |  | 2,436 |  |  |  | 2,436 |
|  |  | 3,281,672 |  |  |  | 3,019,188 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | 1,736,378 |  |  |  | 1,343,716 |
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 1,545,294 |  |  | $ | 1,675,472 |

Total depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $472,600 and $372,300, respectively. Depreciation expense for assets recorded under finance leases was approximately $22,000 and $8,967 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 5 - Investment in Progressive Beef, LLC

On August 9, 2018, the Company purchased a ten percent membership interest in Progressive Beef, LLC (“Progressive Beef”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $991,000. The purchase price was payable in cash of $900,000 and 50,340 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $91,100 based upon the closing price of our stock on August 9, 2018, of $1.81 per share. Where Food Comes From is the primary certifier for Progressive Beef. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received dividend income of approximately $120,000 and $100,000, respectively, from Progressive Beef representing a distribution of their earnings. The income is reflected within the “other (expense) income” section of the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The investment is accounted for as a financial instrument under ASC 321 and the Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to value the investment at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The Company completed a qualitative assessment and determined that there were no impairment indicators as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 6 – Intangible and Other Assets

The following table summarizes our intangible assets as of:

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | Estimated
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Useful Life
Intangible assets subject to amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tradenames and trademarks |  | $ | 417,307 |  |  | $ | 417,307 |  |  | 2.5 - 8.0 years
Accreditations |  |  | 85,395 |  |  |  | 85,395 |  |  | 5.0 years
Customer relationships |  |  | 3,350,551 |  |  |  | 3,350,551 |  |  | 3.0 - 15.0 years
Patents |  |  | 970,100 |  |  |  | 970,100 |  |  | 4.0 years
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 121,000 |  |  |  | 121,000 |  |  | 5.0 years
|  |  | 4,944,353 |  |  |  | 4,944,353 |  |  |
Less accumulated amortization |  |  | 2,181,984 |  |  |  | 1,577,558 |  |  |
|  |  | 2,762,369 |  |  |  | 3,366,795 |  |  |
Tradenames/trademarks (not subject to amortization) |  |  | 465,000 |  |  |  | 465,000 |  |  |
|  |  | 3,227,369 |  |  |  | 3,831,795 |  |  |
Other assets |  |  | 20,326 |  |  |  | 20,326 |  |  |
Intangible and other assets: |  | $ | 3,247,695 |  |  | $ | 3,852,121 |  |  |

We reviewed our long-lived assets for indicators of impairment in 2019 and 2018 and concluded in each year that no impairments exist.

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $604,400 and $570,100, respectively.

As of December 31, 2019, future scheduled amortization of intangible assets is as follows:

Fiscal year ending December 31: |
2020 |  |  |  | 579,925 |
2021 |  |  |  | 330,666 |
2022 |  |  |  | 318,106 |
2023 |  |  |  | 277,636 |
2024 |  |  |  | 266,403 |
Thereafter |  |  |  | 989,634 |
|  |  | $ | 2,762,370 |

Beneficial Lease Arrangement

In connection with our acquisition of ICS in 2012, we recorded a beneficial lease arrangement of $120,200 related to a 2,300-square foot building located on approximately ¾ acre in Medina, North Dakota. On January 12, 2018, the Company purchased the 2,300-square foot building and terminated the lease. The net book value of the beneficial lease arrangement at December 31, 2017 was approximately $56,500 and was fully amortized in January 2018.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 7 – Goodwill

Changes in the net carrying value of goodwill by segment are as follows:

|  |  | Verification and Certification Segment |  |  | Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
January 1, 2018 |  |  | $ | 1,279,762 |  |  | $ | 1,372,488 |  |  | $ | 2,652,250 |
Additions |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 813,421 |  |  |  | 813,421 |
Adjustments |  |  |  | (146,640 | ) |  |  | (175,297 | ) |  |  | (321,937 | )
December 31, 2018 |  |  | $ | 1,133,122 |  |  | $ | 2,010,612 |  |  | $ | 3,143,734 |
Additions |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Impairment |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (198,000 | ) |  |  | (198,000 | )
December 31, 2019 |  |  | $ | 1,133,122 |  |  | $ | 1,812,612 |  |  | $ | 2,945,734 |

Annual Impairment Test of Goodwill

We performed a qualitative assessment on our ICS and Validus reporting units (within our reportable operating segment: Verification and Certification Segment) for our 2019 annual test and concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and, therefore, a two-step impairment test was not necessary. The qualitative assessment compares current performance, expectations and other indicators against what was expected as part of the most recent Step 1 valuation. Consequently, the key estimates and assumptions related to the most recent Step 1 valuation pertaining to this reporting unit had not changed since our previous annual report.

For our 2019 annual test, we performed a quantitative assessment on our SureHarvest reporting unit. SureHarvest, which includes Sow Organic and JVF Consulting, is the sole operating segment within the Software Sales and Related Consulting segment. We estimated the SureHarvest reporting unit’s fair value using a 14-year projection of discounted cash flows which incorporates planned growth rates, market-based discount rates and estimates of residual value. Additionally, we used a market-based, weighted-average cost of capital of 20.1% to discount the projected cash flows of those operations. Estimating the fair value of an individual reporting unit requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, industry and economic conditions and our actual results and conditions may differ over time. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s net assets exceeds its fair value, the second step is applied to measure the difference between the carrying value and implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, the goodwill is considered impaired and reduced to its implied fair value. In connection with our testing, we noted the SureHarvest reporting unit was more sensitive to near-term changes in discounted cash flow assumptions. As of December 31, 2019, the fair value did not exceed the carrying value of net assets by approximately 4.0%. An impairment of goodwill of approximately $198,000 was recognized as of December 31, 2019.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 8 – Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The following table summarizes our accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of:

|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Income and sales taxes payable |  | $ | 170,850 |  |  | $ | 19,978 |
Payroll related accruals |  |  | 201,015 |  |  |  | 147,798 |
Customer deposits |  |  | 62,305 |  |  |  | 72,982 |
Professional fees and other expenses |  |  | 239,598 |  |  |  | 251,843 |
|  | $ | 673,768 |  |  | $ | 492,601 |

Note 9 - Notes Payable and Lease Obligations

Equipment Note

|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Vehicle note |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,393 |
Less current portion of notes payable and other long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,173 | )
Notes payable and other long-term debt |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,220 |

In September 2017, we entered into a note payable of $54,165 for the purchase of a vehicle. Interest and principal payments are due in equal monthly installments of $1,087 over five years beginning October 2017. This note bears an interest rate of 7.44% per annum and is fully secured by the vehicle. The Company paid the balance of the note in full during 2019.

Unison Revolving Line of Credit

The Company has a revolving line of credit (“LOC”) agreement which matures on April 12, 2020. The LOC provides for $75,080 in working capital. The interest rate is at the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 1.50% and is adjusted daily. Principal and interest are payable upon demand, but if demand is not made, then annual payments of accrued interest only are due, with the principal balance due upon maturity. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the effective interest rate was 6.25% and 7.0%, respectively. The LOC is collateralized by all the business assets of ICS. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no amounts outstanding under this LOC.

Lease Obligations

We have operating and finance leases for corporate offices, other regional offices, and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 15 years, some of which include multiple options to extend the leases for up to 5 years each.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The components of lease expense were as follows:

|  | Year ended December 31, 2019 |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 469,231 |
Finance lease cost |  |  |  |
Amortization of assets |  |  | 8,406 |
Interest on finance lease obligations |  |  | 7,298 |
Variable lease cost |  |  | — |
Total net lease cost |  | $ | 484,935 |

Included in the table above, is approximately $339,500 for the year ended December 31, 2019, respectively, of operating lease cost for our corporate headquarters. This space is being leased from The Move, LLC. Our CEO and President, each a related party to WFCF, have a 24.3% jointly-held ownership interest in The Move, LLC.

Rent and lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $614,300 and $548,300, respectively.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

|  | December 31, 2019 |
Operating leases: |  | Related Party |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Right of use asset |  | $ | 2,932,803 |  |  | $ | 314,433 |  |  | $ | 3,247,236 |
Current operating lease liabilities |  |  | 158,306 |  |  |  | 81,213 |  |  |  | 239,519 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities |  |  | 3,259,509 |  |  |  | 265,954 |  |  |  | 3,525,462 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 3,417,815 |  |  | $ | 347,167 |  |  | $ | 3,764,981 |

Finance leases: |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Right of use asset, at cost |  | $ | 43,041 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (21,934 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Right of use asset, net |  | $ | 21,107 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current obligations of finance leases |  | $ | 8,317 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases, net of current obligations |  |  | 21,405 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total finance lease liabilities |  | $ | 29,722 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 11.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average discount rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 5.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases |  |  | 20.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

|  | Year ended December 31, 2019 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 430,359 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  | $ | 7,298 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  | $ | 6,634 |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | $ | 3,513,347 |

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

Years Ending December 31st, |  |  | Operating Leases |  |  | Finance Leases |
2020 |  |  | $ | 448,992 |  |  | $ | 13,597 |
2021 |  |  |  | 461,657 |  |  |  | 12,355 |
2022 |  |  |  | 465,759 |  |  |  | 10,051 |
2023 |  |  |  | 461,310 |  |  |  | 4,514 |
2024 |  |  |  | 407,133 |  |  |  | — |
Thereafter |  |  |  | 2,901,022 |  |  |  | — |
Total lease payments |  |  |  | 5,145,873 |  |  |  | 40,517 |
Less amount representing interest |  |  |  | (1,380,892 | ) |  |  | (10,795 | )
Total lease obligations |  |  |  | 3,764,981 |  |  |  | 29,722 |
Less current portion |  |  |  | (239,519 | ) |  |  | (8,317 | )
Long-term lease obligations |  |  | $ | 3,525,462 |  |  | $ | 21,405 |

Note 10 - Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Current income tax expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 438,528 |  |  | $ | 334,526 |
State |  |  | 81,681 |  |  |  | 70,783 |
Total current income tax expense |  |  | 520,209 |  |  |  | 405,309 |
Deferred income tax benefit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (51,419 | ) |  |  | (82,241 | )
State |  |  | (8,790 | ) |  |  | (14,060 | )
Total deferred income tax benefit |  |  | (60,209 | ) |  |  | (96,301 | )
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 460,000 |  |  | $ | 309,008 |

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the statutory rates to our effective tax rate is as follows:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Expected tax expense |  | $ | 320,808 |  |  | $ | 196,428 |
State tax provision, net |  |  | 54,843 |  |  |  | 41,227 |
Permanent differences |  |  | 11,030 |  |  |  | 6,765 |
Minority interest |  |  | 75,785 |  |  |  | 30,924 |
Other, net |  |  | (2,466 | ) |  |  | 33,664 |
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 460,000 |  |  | $ | 309,008 |

The income tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Deferred tax assets (liabilities): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accruals, stock-based compensation and other |  | $ | 181,062 |  |  | $ | 162,430 |
Property and equipment |  |  | (14,654 | ) |  |  | (67,676 | )
Intangibles assets |  |  | 211,520 |  |  |  | 81,169 |
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 377,928 |  |  |  | 175,923 |

Note 11 – Stock Buyback Plan

On January 7, 2008, we announced our intention to buy back up to one million shares of our common stock from the open market at the quoted market price on the date of repurchase. On September 30, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a new plan to buyback up to ten million additional shares of our common stock from the open market (“Stock Buyback Plan”). Activity under the Stock Buyback Plan by year is as follows:

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Cost of Shares |  |  | Average Cost per Share |
Balance, January 1, 2018 |  |  | 319,789 |  |  | $ | 724,530 |  |  | $ | 2.27 |
Shares purchased during 2018 |  |  | 185,070 |  |  |  | 384,531 |  |  |  | 2.08 |
Balance, December 31, 2018 |  |  | 504,859 |  |  |  | 1,109,061 |  |  |  | 2.20 |
Shares purchased during 2019 |  |  | 319,863 |  |  |  | 555,429 |  |  |  | 1.74 |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  |  | 824,722 |  |  | $ | 1,664,490 |  |  | $ | 2.02 |

The repurchased shares are recorded as part of treasury stock and are accounted for under the cost method.

Our Stock Buyback Plan has been and will be used to return capital to shareholders and to minimize the dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards. In the future, we may consider additional share repurchases under our plan based on several factors, including our cash position, share price, operational liquidity, and planned investment and financing needs.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 12 – Stock-Based Compensation

In addition to cash compensation, the Company may compensate certain service providers, including employees, directors, consultants, and other advisors, with equity-based compensation in the form of stock options and restricted stock awards. The Company recognizes all equity-based compensation as stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the compensation measured at the grant date. For stock options, fair value is calculated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. For restricted stock awards, fair value is the closing stock price for the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The expense is recognized over the vesting period of the grant. For the periods presented, all stock-based compensation expense was classified as a component within selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

The amount of stock-based compensation expense is as follows:

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Stock options |  | $ | 146,731 |  |  | $ | 94,751 |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 15,674 |  |  |  | 66,377 |
Total |  | $ | 162,405 |  |  | $ | 161,128 |

As of December 31, 2019, the estimated unrecognized compensation cost from unvested awards which will be recognized ratably over the remaining vesting phase is as follows:

Years ended December 31st: |  |  | Unvested stock options |  |  | Unvested restricted stock awards |  |  | Total unrecognized compensation expense |
2020 |  |  | $ | 113,378 |  |  | $ | 4,251 |  |  | $ | 117,629 |
2021 |  |  |  | 70,896 |  |  |  | 706 |  |  |  | 71,602 |
2022 |  |  |  | 3,722 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,722 |
2023 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | $ | 187,996 |  |  | $ | 4,957 |  |  | $ | 192,953 |

The Company estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Number of options awarded to purchase common shares |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 183,750 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.50% |  |  |  | 2.6% - 3.0% |
Expected volatility |  |  | 100.3% |  |  |  | 115.9 - 154.3% |
Assumed dividend yield |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Expected life of options from the date of grant |  |  | 9.8 years |  |  |  | 9.8 years |

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Equity Incentive Plans

Our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”) and 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan,” and together with the 2006 Plan, the “Plans”) provide for the issuance of stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors and consultants. The Plans permit the granting of stock awards and stock options. The vesting of stock-based awards is generally subject to the passage of time and continued employment through the vesting period.

Our 2006 Plan provided for the issuance of a maximum of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock. The 2006 Plan terminated in September 2016. As of December 31, 2019, the 2006 Plan had 168,751 awards outstanding.

Our 2016 Plan was ratified by our shareholders in May 2016 and provides for the issuance of a maximum of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock, of which 4,712,375 shares were still available for issuance as of December 31, 2019.

Stock Option Activity

The Company generally grants stock options to directors, eligible employees and officers as a part of its equity incentive plan. Restrictions and vesting periods for the stock option grants are set forth in the award agreements. A stock option grant represents an option to purchase a defined number of shares of the Company’s common stock to be released from restrictions upon completion of the vesting period. The awards typically vest in equal increments over one to three years. Stock option activity during 2019 and 2017 is summarized as follows:

|  |  | Number of awards |  |  | Weighted avg. exercise price per share |  |  | Weighted avg. grant date fair value per share |  |  | Weighted avg. remaining contractual life (in years) |  |  | Aggregate intrinsic value |
Outstanding, January 1, 2018 |  |  |  | 266,585 |  |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.22 |  |  |  | 6.06 |  |  | $ | 462,508 |
Granted |  |  |  | 183,750 |  |  | $ | 1.91 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |  |  |  | 9.68 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Expired/Forfeited |  |  |  | (15,884 | ) |  | $ | 1.85 |  |  | $ | 1.83 |  |  |  | 7.86 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, December 31, 2018 |  |  |  | 434,451 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  |  | 6.91 |  |  | $ | 230,039 |
Granted |  |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  |  | 9.80 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Expired/Forfeited |  |  |  | (7,325 | ) |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 1.83 |  |  |  | 7.55 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, December 31, 2019 |  |  |  | 437,126 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  |  | 5.97 |  |  | $ | 150,417 |
Exercisable, December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 310,728 |
Unvested, December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 126,398 |

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between the closing stock price of our common stock on December 31, 2019 and the exercise price for in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all in-the-money options had been exercised on December 31, 2019.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, a total of 7,325 options were forfeited, 3,365 of which were unvested. The options were forfeited upon the employees’ termination from the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2018, a total of 15,884 options were forfeited, 8,318 of which were unvested.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Restricted Stock Activity

The Company grants shares of restricted stock to directors, eligible employees and officers as a part of its equity incentive plan. Restrictions and vesting periods for the awards are set forth in the award agreements. Each share of restricted stock represents one share of the Company’s common stock to be released from restrictions upon completion of the vesting period. The awards typically vest in equal increments over one to three years. Shares of restricted stock are valued at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and are recognized as selling, general and administrative expense over the vesting period of the award.

The following table summarizes activity for restricted stock awards for the fiscal years presented:

|  | Number of options |  |  | Weighted avg. grant date fair value |
Non-vested restricted shares, January 1, 2018 |  |  | 99,000 |  |  | $ | 2.56 |
Granted |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 2.55 |
Vested |  |  | (74,000 | ) |  | $ | 2.63 |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Non-vested restricted shares, December 31, 2018 |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | $ | 2.38 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Vested |  |  | (25,000 | ) |  | $ | 2.35 |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Non-vested restricted shares, December 31, 2019 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 2.55 |

Note 13 - Basic and Diluted Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share was computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method. Under this method, options and restricted stock awards are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and as if funds plus unrecognized stock-based compensation obtained thereby were used by the Company to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.

The following is a reconciliation of the share data used in the basic and diluted income per share computations:

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 24,850,409 |  |  |  | 24,825,933 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 24,850,409 |  |  |  | 24,825,933 |
Weighted average effects of dilutive securities |  |  | 176,838 |  |  |  | 163,524 |
Total |  |  | 25,027,247 |  |  |  | 24,989,457 |
Antidilutive securities: |  |  | 283,459 |  |  |  | 270,700 |

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The effect of the inclusion of the antidilutive shares would have resulted in an increase in earnings per share. Accordingly, the weighted average shares outstanding have not been adjusted for antidilutive shares.

Note 14 - Related Party Transactions

In 2019 and 2018, we recorded total net revenue of approximately $5,000 and $7,900, respectively, from related parties. The related parties consisted of a business owned by the father of Leann Saunders, our President, and businesses owned by members of our Board of Directors.

The Company leases its corporate headquarters from a company in which our CEO and President have a 24.3% jointly-held ownership interest (Note 15). Under the related party arrangement, approximately $464,500 and $490,600 was paid in rent and CAM for our corporate headquarters was included in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases & Lease Incentive Obligation

The Company leases approximately 15,700 square feet of office space for its corporate headquarters. This space is being leased from The Move, LLC in which our CEO and President, each a related party to the Company, have a 24.3% jointly-held ownership interest. The lease agreement has an initial term of five years plus two renewal periods, which the Company is more likely than not to renew. Total rental payments are approximately $39,400 per month as of December 31, 2019. The rental payments include common area charges and are subject to annual increases over the term of the lease.

Prior to 2018, the Company recorded leasehold improvements of approximately $425,000, which included approximately $163,000 in lease incentives. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company has recorded an additional $370,500 in leasehold improvements in connection with the August 2017 amended lease agreement, which included approximately $230,200 in lease incentives to build out the new additional square footage. Leasehold improvements are included in property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets. Lease incentives have been included in calculating the lease liability recorded on the balance sheet.

In September 2017, the Company entered into a new lease agreement for our Urbandale, Iowa office space. The lease was for a period of two years and expired on August 31, 2019. This lease was extended for an additional 3 years, terminating on August 31, 2022. Rental payments are approximately $3,000 per month, which includes common area charges, and are not subject to annual increases over the term of the lease.

The Company also owns approximately ¾ acre on which a 2,300-square foot building is located in Medina, North Dakota. Until January 12, 2018, the Company leased space in this building under a five-year lease with an expiration date of March 1, 2018. Under the lease, the Company was charged a monthly rental rate of approximately $150 plus all insurance, taxes and other costs based on actual expenses to maintain the building. On January 12, 2018, the Company purchased the 2,300-square foot building and terminated the lease. The purchase price of approximately $135,600 was funded by cash on hand.

In connection with our acquisition of SureHarvest, we added two locations in California: Soquel and Modesto. Our office space in Soquel expired on November 30, 2018 and was extended until February 28, 2019. It required rental payments of approximately $2,700 per month. The monthly rental payments for our leased space in Modesto was approximately $600 and the lease agreement was month-to-month. We ceased using the Modesto location in July 2018.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In connection with our acquisition of JVF, we added one additional location in Pleasanton, California. The lease expired November 30, 2018. Rental payments were approximately $2,200 per month.

In December 2018, we entered into a new lease agreement and relocated our offices in Soquel, Modesto and Pleasanton, California to San Ramon, California. The lease is for a period of sixty-six months and expires on May 1, 2024. Rental payments are approximately $5,900 per month as of December 31, 2019, which includes common area charges, and are subject to annual increases over the term of the lease.

See Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed description of maturities of lease liabilities related to our leases.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various legal actions, administrative proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We generally record losses for claims in excess of the limits of purchased insurance in earnings at the time and to the extent they are probable and estimable.

Employee Benefit Plan

The Company has established a 401(k) plan for the benefit of our employees. The plan covers substantially all of our employees who have attained age 21. We may make a discretionary matching contribution in an amount that is determined by our Board of Directors. If a matching contribution is made, the amount cannot exceed the elective deferral contributions. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we made aggregate matching contributions of approximately $168,700 and $174,700, respectively.

Contingently Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

On December 28, 2016, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “SureHarvest Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, SureHarvest Services LLC (the “Buyer” or “SureHarvest”); and SureHarvest, Inc., a California corporation (the “Seller”). We purchased the business assets of the Seller for total consideration of approximately $2.66 million, comprised of approximately $1,122,000 in cash and 850,852 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $1,534,900. Additionally, we issued the Seller a 40% membership interest in SureHarvest, with the Company holding a 60% interest.

Because SureHarvest, Inc. at its option, could require the Company to purchase its 40% interest in SureHarvest, the SureHarvest non-controlling interest met the definition of a contingently redeemable non-controlling interest. Redeemable non-controlling interests are presented at the greater of their carrying amount or redemption value at the end of each reporting period and are shown as a separate caption between liabilities and equity (mezzanine section) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

On December 17, 2019 the Company exercised its option to acquire the remaining 40% membership interest in SureHarvest for $1,000,000 in cash and 303,951 shares of common stock of WFCF valued at approximately $547,000 based on the closing price of our stock on December 17, 2019 of $1.80 per share. Accordingly, the redeemable non-controlling interest is presented as zero at December 31, 2019.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below reflects the activity of the contingently redeemable non-controlling interest:

Balance, January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 1,574,765 |
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in SureHarvest for the year to date period ended December 31, 2018 |  |  | (125,758 | )
Balance, December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 1,449,007 |
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in SureHarvest for the year to date period ended December 17, 2019 |  |  | (322,195 | )
Acquisition of non-controlling interest in SureHarvest on December 17, 2019 |  |  |  |
Cash paid |  |  | (1,000,000 | )
Fair market value of stock |  |  | (547,112 | )
Adjustment to additional paid-in capital |  |  | 420,300 |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | — |

Note 16 – Supplemental Cash Flow Information

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Cash paid during the year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  | $ | 10,057 |  |  | $ | 4,837 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 343,818 |  |  | $ | 759,300 |
Non-cash investing and financing activites: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock issued in connection with acquisition of non-controlling interest in SureHarvest Services, LLC |  | $ | 547,112 |  |  | $ | — |
Common stock issued in connection with acquisition of Sow Organic |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 433,131 |
Common stock issued in connection with investment in Progressive Beef |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 91,115 |
Common Stock issued in connection with acquisition of JVF Consulting |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 315,291 |
Equipment acquired under a capital lease |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,809 |
Lease incentive obligation |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 230,220 |

Note 17 - Segments

With each acquisition, we assess the need to disclose discrete information related to our operating segments. Because of the similarities of certain of our acquisitions that provide certification and verification services, we aggregate operations into one verification and certification reportable segment. The operating segments included in the aggregated verification and certification segment include IMI Global, ICS, and Validus. The factors considered in determining this aggregated reporting segment include the economic similarity of the businesses, the nature of services provided, production processes, types of customers and distribution methods.

The Company also determined that it has a software sales and related consulting reportable segment. SureHarvest, which includes Sow Organic and JVF Consulting, is the sole operating segment. This segment includes software license, maintenance, support and software-related consulting service revenues.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the Company’s CEO) allocates resources and assesses the performance of its operating segments. Segment management makes decisions, measures performance, and manages the business utilizing internal reporting operating segment information. Performance of operating segments are based on net sales, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and most importantly, operating income.

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Where Food Comes From, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company eliminates intercompany transfers between segments for management reporting purposes. The following table shows information for reportable operating segments:

|  | Year ended December 31, 2019 |  |  | Year ended December 31, 2018
|  | Verification and Certification Segment |  |  | Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment |  |  | Eliminations and Other |  |  | Consolidated Totals |  |  | Verification and Certification Segment |  |  | Software Sales and Related Consulting Segment |  |  | Eliminations and Other |  | Consolidated Totals |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible and other assets, net |  | $ | 1,303,795 |  |  | $ | 1,943,900 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,247,695 |  |  | $ | 1,464,435 |  |  | $ | 2,387,686 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,852,121 |
Goodwill |  |  | 1,133,122 |  |  |  | 1,812,613 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,945,735 |  |  |  | 1,133,122 |  |  |  | 2,010,612 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3,143,734 |
Total assets |  |  | 13,236,311 |  |  |  | 5,001,150 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,237,461 |  |  |  | 9,178,009 |  |  |  | 5,285,929 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 14,463,938 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Verification and certification service revenue |  | $ | 15,564,411 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,564,411 |  |  | $ | 13,743,311 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 13,743,311 |
Product sales |  |  | 3,300,799 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,300,799 |  |  |  | 2,266,771 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,266,771 |
Software license, maintenance and support services revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,273,820 |  |  |  | (207,277 | ) |  |  | 1,066,543 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 993,161 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 993,161 |
Software-related consulting service revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 947,524 |  |  |  | (104,861 | ) |  |  | 842,663 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800,316 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 800,316 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 18,865,210 |  |  | $ | 2,221,344 |  |  | $ | (312,138 | ) |  | $ | 20,774,416 |  |  | $ | 16,010,082 |  |  | $ | 1,793,477 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 17,803,559 |
Costs of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs of verification and certification services |  |  | 8,628,292 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (183,983 | ) |  |  | 8,444,309 |  |  |  | 7,564,946 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 7,564,946 |
Costs of products |  |  | 2,148,564 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,148,564 |  |  |  | 1,438,648 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,438,648 |
Costs of software license, maintenance and support services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 615,248 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 615,248 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 644,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 644,746 |
Costs of software-related consulting services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 486,880 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 486,880 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 411,468 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 411,468 |
Total costs of revenues |  |  | 10,776,856 |  |  |  | 1,102,128 |  |  |  | (183,983 | ) |  |  | 11,695,001 |  |  |  | 9,003,594 |  |  |  | 1,056,214 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 10,059,808 |
Gross profit |  |  | 8,088,354 |  |  |  | 1,119,216 |  |  |  | (128,155 | ) |  |  | 9,079,415 |  |  |  | 7,006,488 |  |  |  | 737,263 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 7,743,751 |
Depreciation & amortization |  |  | 373,583 |  |  |  | 722,877 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,096,460 |  |  |  | 320,094 |  |  |  | 622,324 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 942,418 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 5,624,489 |  |  |  | 934,250 |  |  |  | (128,155 | ) |  |  | 6,430,584 |  |  |  | 5,245,707 |  |  |  | 681,073 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 5,926,780 |
Segment operating (loss)/income |  | $ | 2,090,282 |  |  | $ | (537,911 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,552,371 |  |  | $ | 1,440,687 |  |  | $ | (566,134 | ) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 874,553 |
Other items to reconcile segment operating income (loss) to net income attributable to WFCF: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expense (income) |  |  | (92,584 | ) |  |  | 161,985 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69,401 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (109,433) |  |  | (109,433) |
Income tax (benefit)/expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 460,000 |  |  |  | 460,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 309,008 |  |  | 309,008 |
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | 322,195 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 322,195 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 125,758 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 125,758 |
Net (loss)/income attributable to WFCF |  | $ | 2,182,866 |  |  | $ | (377,701 | ) |  | $ | (460,000 | ) |  | $ | 1,345,165 |  |  | $ | 1,440,687 |  |  | $ | (440,376 | ) |  | $ | (199,575) |  | $ | 800,736 |

Note 18 – Subsequent Events

On February 21, 2020 the Company acquired all of the stock of privately held Postelsia Holdings, Ltd. (“Postelsia”) for $300,000 in cash. Postelsia, based in Victoria, British Columbia, is a leader in the emerging field of environmental and social sustainability programs for the seafood industry. Postelsia provides a range of programs and consulting services designed to improve and promote sustainable practices, including environmental conservation, worker care, and food safety compliance. Postelsia will operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

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ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective based on their evaluation of these controls and procedures as required by paragraph (b) of the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Remediation Plan

In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

| ● | As a smaller reporting company, we have limited accounting and financial reporting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls over financial reporting. Due to limited accounting personnel, we did not apply the appropriate level of review, oversight and segregation of duties to the accounting and financial reporting function. This resulted in the identification of a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. During 2019, we have hired additional accounting personnel, Additionally, we have implemented a more robust review, supervision and monitoring of the financial reporting process also intended to remediate the identified material weakness. Based on our assessment, we consider that the material weakness related to our internal controls over financial reporting has been fully remediated as of December 31, 2019. Through testing, management has concluded that the remedial measures have operated effectively for a sufficient period of time.

| ● | The Company lacked effective procedures for ensuring review and approval related to journal entries. Due to the related risks associated with financial reporting, this deficiency has been deemed an individual material weakness. During 2019, we have strengthened control around the journal entry process, including limiting access and ensuring all journal entries are reviewed and approved by appropriate personnel. Based on our assessment, we consider that the material weakness related to our internal controls over journal entries has been fully remediated as of December 31, 2019. Through testing, management has concluded that the remedial measures have operated effectively for a sufficient period of time.

| ● | We also identified a material weakness related to general information technology controls in the areas of user access to systems that support the Company’s financial reporting processes. We did not implement a procedure or control to periodically review the access granted in order to ensure that users of our information systems had the appropriate access relative to the user’s job responsibilities. We did not restrict and maintain network access accounts to only employees in the information technology department and had no compensating controls. With the acquisition of JVF Consulting in August 2018, we added 3 additional information technology professionals with knowledge of security, networking and infrastructure. These individuals ensure user access is documented, properly approved and routinely monitored to determine appropriateness. Based on our assessment, we consider that the material weakness related to general information technology has been fully remediated as of December 31, 2019. Through testing, management has concluded that the remedial measures have operated effectively for a sufficient period of time.

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In light of these material weaknesses identified in 2018, in preparing our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, we performed additional analyses and procedures to ensure that our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. There were no material misstatements identified in the financial statements as a result of these deficiencies.

Management believes that the foregoing efforts have effectively remediated the material weaknesses. Management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based upon that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting are described above under the heading “Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Remediation Plan.”

Except as described above, there have not been any other changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).

ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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PART III

ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information relating to directors required by Item 10 will be included in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”), which will be filed within 120 days after the close of the 2019 fiscal year, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

Information relating to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act required by Item 10 will be included in our Proxy Statement, which will be filed within 120 days after the close of the 2019 fiscal year, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

Information regarding executive officers is included in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant.”

Our Board of Directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics (the “Code of Conduct”), which is posted on our website at www.wherefoodcomesfrom.com. Our Code of Conduct applies to all employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Controller. The Code of Conduct sets forth specific policies to guide the designated officers in their duties. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the Code of Conduct by posting such information on our website, at the address and location specified above.

ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

This information will be included in our Proxy Statement, which will be filed within 120 days after the close of the 2019 fiscal year, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

This information will be included in our Proxy Statement, which will be filed within 120 days after the close of the 2019 fiscal year, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

This information will be included in our Proxy Statement, which will be filed within 120 days after the close of the 2019 fiscal year, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

This information will be included in our Proxy Statement, which will be filed within 120 days after the close of the 2019 fiscal year, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

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ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Exhibit Number |  | Document Name |  |
2.1 |  | Asset Purchase and Contribution Agreement, dated as of September 16, 2013, by and among Praedium Ventures, LLC; the Members of Praedium Ventures, LLC; Where Food Comes From, Inc. and Validus Verification Services LLC |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 19, 2013
2.2 |  | Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 28, 2016, by and among Where Food Comes From, Inc., SureHarvest Services, LLC, SureHarvest, Inc. and Jeff Dlott |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 30, 2016
2.3 |  | Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 16, 2018, between Where Food Comes From, Inc. and Sow Organic, LLC |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 14, 2018
2.4 |  | Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2018, between Where Food Comes From, Inc. and Progressive Beef, LLC |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 13, 2018
3.1 |  | Articles of Incorporation |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed April 28, 2006
3.2 |  | Articles of Amendment |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 5, 2012
3.3 |  | By-laws of the Registrant |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed April 28, 2006
4.1 |  | Form of the Registrant’s Common Stock Certificate |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed June 22, 2006
10.1 |  | 2006 Equity Incentive Plan* |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed April 28, 2006
10.2 |  | 2016 Equity Incentive Plan* |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 10, 2016
10.3 |  | Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2006 between the Registrant and John K. Saunders * |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed April 28, 2006
10.4 |  | Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2006 between the Registrant and Leann Saunders * |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed April 28, 2006
10.5 |  | Purchase and Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 29, 2012, by and among Integrated Management Information, Inc. and International Certification Services, Inc. |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 2, 2012
10.6 |  | Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of February 29, 2012, by and among Integrated Management Information, Inc. and International Certification Services, Inc. and the selling shareholders. |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 2, 2012
10.7 |  | Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Validus Verification Services LLC, dated as of September 16, 2013 |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 19, 2013
10.8 |  | Lease Agreement between Move LLC and Where Food Comes From, Inc. |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 28, 2017
10.9 |  | First Amendment to Lease Agreement between Move LLC and Where Food Comes From, Inc. |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed April 2, 2018
10.10 |  | Employment Agreement, effective December 28, 2016, by and between SureHarvest Services, LLC and Jeff Dlott * |  | Incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 30, 2016
21.1 |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant |  | Filed herewith
23.1 |  | Consent of Causey Demgen & Moore, P.C. |  | Filed herewith

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23.2 |  | Consent of Crowe LLP |  | Filed herewith
31.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith
31.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith
32.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Furnished herewith
32.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Furnished herewith
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document |  | Filed herewith
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | Filed herewith
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which directors or executive officers are eligible to participate.

ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 5, 2020 | Where Food Comes From, Inc. |
| By: | /s/ John K. Saunders |
|  | Name: John K. Saunders Title: Chief Executive Officer |

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signatures |  | Title |  | Date
/s/ John K. Saunders |  | Chairman and CEO (Principal Executive Officer) |  | March 5, 2020
John K. Saunders |  |
/s/ Leann Saunders |  | President and Director |  | March 5, 2020
Leann Saunders |  |
/s/ Dannette Henning |  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |  | March 5, 2020
Dannette Henning |  |
/s/ Tom Heinen |  | Director |  | March 5, 2020
Tom Heinen |  |  |  |
/s/ Pete Lapaseotes |  | Director |  | March 5, 2020
Pete Lapaseotes |  |  |  |
/s/ Adam Larson |  | Director |  | March 5, 2020
Adam Larson |  |  |  |
/s/ Graeme P. Rein |  | Director |  | March 5, 2020
Graeme P. Rein |  |  |  |
/s/ Michael D. Smith |  | Director |  | March 5, 2020
Michael D. Smith |  |  |  |
/s/ Robert VanSchoick |  | Director |  | March 5, 2020
Robert VanSchoick |  |  |  |

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