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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Note 14 - Income Taxes Since inception, the Company has incurred net taxable losses, and accordingly, no current provision for income taxes has been recorded. The effective income tax rate of the provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Federal statutory income tax rate |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 5 |
Research and developments credits |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Permanent items |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (23 | )
Effective income tax rate |  |  | — | % |  |  | — | %
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Deferred Tax Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 72,722 |  |  | $ | 70,822 |
Research and development tax credits |  |  | 4,149 |  |  |  | 3,807 |
Interest expense limitation |  |  | 5,120 |  |  |  | 3,036 |
Property and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 234 |
Capitalized research costs |  |  | 4,281 |  |  |  | 2,874 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 1,685 |  |  |  | 1,619 |
Lease liability |  |  | 6,398 |  |  |  | — |
Accruals and reserves |  |  | 667 |  |  |  | 1,932 |
Total |  |  | 95,022 |  |  |  | 84,324 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (93,023 | ) |  |  | (82,552 | )
Total deferred tax assets after valuation allowance |  |  | 1,999 |  |  |  | 1,772 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | — |
Right-of-Use Asset |  |  | (692 | ) |  |  | — |
Intangible assets |  |  | (1,303 | ) |  |  | (1,772 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (1,999 | ) |  |  | (1,772 | )
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
At December 31, 2023, the Company ha d $310.4 million and $5.2 million of federal net operating loss and research and experimentation tax carryforwards, respectively, which are set to expire beginning in 2026. The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions that may limit the net operating loss carryovers available to be used in any year if certain events occur, including significant changes in ownership interest. In assessing the realizability of its deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. As the Company does not have any historical taxable income, projections of future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, and after consideration of the history of operating losses, the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that it will realize the benefits of net deferred tax assets and, accordingly, has established a valuation allowance equal to 100% of net deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance increased by $10.5 million during 2023 and $15.1 million during 2022. During 2023, the Company determined that it has uncertain tax positions related to its U.S. research and development credits. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there w as no accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions. The Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next twelve months. A reconciliation of beginning and ending balances for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 952 |  |  | $ | 843 |
Additions for tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 109 |
Additions for tax positions related to prior years |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Reductions related to settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Reductions related to a lapse of statute |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 1,037 |  |  | $ | 952 |
The Company monitors proposed and issued tax law, regulations, and cases to determine the potential impact of uncertain income tax positions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had not identified any potential subsequent events that would have a material impact on unrecognized income tax benefits within the next twelve months. The Company’s federal and state returns for all years will remain open to examination by federal and state tax authorities for three and four years, respectively, from the date of utilization of any net operating loss carryforwards.

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