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Note 8 - Notes Payable and Convertible Notes Payable | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements |
Debt Disclosure [Text Block] | Note 8. Notes Payable and Convertible Notes Payable Our notes payable and convertible notes payable as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:
|  | Stated |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands, except interest rates) |  | Interest Rate |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Notes payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advance Cecil, Inc. (commenced April 2019) |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 138 |
Maryland DHCD (commenced February 2019) |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | 694 |
Maryland DHCD (commenced May 2022) |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 1,083 |  |  |  | 1,083 |
Avenue Venture Opportunities Fund, L.P. (commenced May 2021) |  |  | 15.10 | % |  |  | 15,000 |  |  |  | 15,000 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,927 |  |  |  | 16,915 |
Less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | (394 | )
Less notes payable, current portion, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14,987 | ) |  |  | (14,627 | )
Total notes payable, net of current portion |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,820 |  |  | $ | 1,894 |
Convertible notes payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Avenue Venture Opportunities Fund, L.P. (commenced May 2021) |  |  | 15.10 | % |  | $ | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 5,000 |
Maryland DHCD (commenced December 2022) |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 5,388 |  |  |  | 5,308 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,388 |  |  |  | 10,308 |
Less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | (174 | )
Less convertible notes payable, current portion, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,042 | ) |  |  | (4,876 | )
Total convertible notes payable, net of current portion |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,265 |  |  | $ | 5,258 |
Maryland Loans In February 2019, we entered into a term loan agreement (the “2019 MD Loan”) with the Department of Housing and Community Development (“DHCD”), a principal department of the State of Maryland, for $0.5 million bearing simple interest at an annual rate of 8.00%. We are subject to covenants until maturity, including limitations on our ability to retire, repurchase, or redeem our stock, options, and warrants other than per the terms of the securities; and limitations on our ability to pay dividends. We are not in violation of any covenants. The 2019 MD Loan established “Phantom Shares” based on 119,907 shares of Common Stock. The 2019 MD Loan matures in full on February 22, 2034, with the repayment amount equal to the greater of (i) principal plus accrued interest or (ii) the Phantom Shares multiplied by the closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on the trading day prior to the maturity date. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the 2019 MD Loan was recorded at principal plus accrued interest as it was greater than the value of the Phantom Shares. We recognized interest expense of $10,000 and $10,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In April 2019, we entered into a term loan agreement (the “2019 Cecil Loan”) with Advance Cecil Inc., a non-stock corporation formed under the laws of the State of Maryland, for $0.1 million bearing simple interest at an annual rate of 8.00%. The 2019 Cecil Loan established “Phantom Shares” based on 23,981 shares of Common Stock. The 2019 Cecil Loan matures in full on April 30, 2034, with the repayment amount equal to the greater of (i) principal plus accrued interest or (ii) the Phantom Shares multiplied by the closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on the trading day prior to the maturity date. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the 2019 Cecil Loan was recorded at principal plus accrued interest as it was greater than the value of the Phantom Shares. We recognized interest expense of $2,000 and $2,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In May 2022, we entered into a term loan agreement (the “2022 MD Loan”) with DHCD for up to $3.0 million bearing simple interest at an annual rate of 6.00% for the purchase of certain manufacturing equipment (the “Assets”). As of March 31, 2024, we had drawn $1.0 million with the remainder available for future equipment purchases until May 17, 2024. The first 12 payments, commencing July 1, 2022, are deferred, followed by 18 monthly installments of interest-only based on the outstanding principal, each up to $15,000 maximum; followed by monthly installments of principal and interest in the amount of $33,306, payable for the lesser of 30 months or until the principal and accrued and unpaid interest is fully repaid, with a balloon payment of all remaining principal and unpaid interest due on the maturity date of July 1, 2027. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of accrued and unpaid interest was $50,000 and $50,000, respectively, and is recorded as part of the carrying amount of the loan. We recorded debt issuance costs of $31,000 as a debt discount. Under an agreement between DHCD and Avenue, an existing secured creditor of the Company, DHCD was granted a first priority lien on the Assets as collateral. We recognized interest expense of $15,000 and $12,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In December 2022, we entered into a term loan agreement (the “2022 DHCD Loan”) with DHCD for $5.0 million bearing simple interest at an annual rate of 6.00%. The first 12 payments, commencing January 1, 2023, are deferred, followed by 48 monthly installments of interest-only, with a balloon payment of all principal and unpaid interest due on the maturity date of January 1, 2028. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of accrued and unpaid interest was $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and is recorded as part of the carrying amount of the loan. We recorded debt issuance costs of $0.1 million as a debt discount. At any time after December 8, 2023, DHCD may, in its sole discretion, convert up to $5.0 million of principal into Common Stock in increments of $1.0 million, at a price equal to the greater of: (i) 97% of the 30-day trailing VWAP of our Common Stock; or (ii) $4.00 per share (the “DHCD Conversion Feature”). The DHCD Conversion Feature did not meet the requirements for derivative accounting. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized (i) total interest expense of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively; (ii) coupon interest expense of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively; and (iii) amortization of debt issuance costs of $3,000 and $3,000, respectively; and the effective interest rate was 5.99%. Avenue Loan In May 2021, we entered into a term loan agreement (the “2021 Avenue Loan”) with Avenue for up to $30.0 million, bearing interest at a variable rate equal to (i) the greater of (a) the prime rate or (b) 3.25%, plus (ii) 6.60%. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the interest rate was 15.10% and 14.10%, respectively. We borrowed $15.0 million in May 2021 plus $5.0 million in September 2021 (“Tranche 1”), and the remaining $10.0 million (“Tranche 2”) was not drawn and expired. We incurred $0.8 million of debt issuance costs of which $47,000 related to liability-classified warrants was expensed immediately and the remainder was recorded as a debt discount. Payments were interest-only for the first 12 months and the interest-only period was extended for (i) 12 months due to our achievement of certain clinical trial milestones, plus (ii) an additional 12 months (through June 30, 2024), pursuant to an amendment in June 2023 (the “Second Amendment”), due to our receipt of at least $35.0 million from the sale and issuance of Common Stock in a public offering in June 2023 (“Equity Milestone 1”). The interest-only period may be extended through December 31, 2024, subject to (i) our receipt of net proceeds of at least $40.0 million, in addition to Equity Milestone 1, from the sale and issuance of our equity securities on or before June 30, 2024 (“Equity Milestone 2”), and (ii) acceptance of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) filed by us for the treatment of ALS (the “ALS NDA Milestone”). Following the interest-only period, we are required to make equal monthly installments of principal plus interest at the variable rate then in effect until December 1, 2024, which may be extended to December 1, 2025, so long as no event of default has occurred and is continuing and we have achieved (i) Equity Milestone 2 and (ii) the ALS NDA Milestone. Additionally, a payment of 4.25% of the funded principal, equal to $0.9 million (the “Final Payment”), is due at maturity, which we recorded as a debt premium. At any time between May 21, 2022 and May 21, 2024, Avenue may, in its sole discretion, convert up to $5.0 million of outstanding principal into Common Stock at $10.36 per share (the “Avenue Conversion Feature”), subject to certain price and volume restrictions related to our Common Stock on Nasdaq. The Final Payment and Avenue Conversion Feature did not meet the requirements for derivative accounting. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized debt discount and issuance costs related to the convertible note were $33,000 and $0.1 million, respectively. For the convertible note for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized (i) total interest expense of $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively; (ii) coupon interest expense of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively; and (iii) amortization of debt discount and issuance costs of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively; and the effective interest rate was 22.79% and 20.17%, respectively. We are subject to covenants until maturity, including limitations on our ability to retire, repurchase, or redeem our stock, options, and warrants other than per the terms of the securities; limitations on our ability to pay dividends; and we are required to maintain unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of at least $5.0 million. We are not in violation of any covenants. Avenue has the ability to immediately accelerate all obligations under the 2021 Avenue Loan upon the occurrence of certain events of default or material adverse effects. The 2021 Avenue Loan is collateralized by substantially all our assets other than intellectual property, including our capital stock and the capital stock of our subsidiaries, in which Avenue is granted a continuing security interest. We recognized interest expense of $1.1 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At the inception of the 2021 Avenue Loan, we issued a warrant to Avenue to purchase 115,851 shares of Common Stock at $8.63 per share (the “Original Avenue Warrant”). A portion of the net proceeds at issuance of the 2021 Avenue Loan were allocated to the Original Avenue Warrant in an amount equal to its fair value of $1.5 million and were recorded as a debt discount. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Original Avenue Warrant was cancelled and a new warrant to purchase 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock at $0.80 per share was issued (the “New Avenue Warrant”). Avenue may exercise the New Avenue Warrant for cash or on a net or “cashless” basis. In the event of a change of control of the Company, the New Avenue Warrant shall be automatically exchanged for the number of shares of Common Stock which remain exercisable thereunder immediately prior to the change of control transaction, for no payment or consideration from Avenue for such shares, and the New Avenue Warrant shall be terminated. At issuance, the New Avenue Warrant was recorded as a liability and debt discount in amount equal to its fair value of $0.7 million. The Second Amendment, including the revised terms, cancellation of the Original Avenue Warrant, and issuance of the New Avenue Warrant was accounted for as a debt modification. Debt Maturities Future debt payments, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs, and without giving effect to any potential future exercise of conversion features, are as follows:
(in thousands) |  | 2019 MD Loan |  |  | 2019 Cecil Loan |  |  | 2021 Avenue Loan |  |  | 2022 MD Loan |  |  | 2022 DHCD Loan |
2024 (remainder) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2025 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | — |
2026 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 369 |  |  |  | — |
2027 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 317 |  |  |  | — |
2028 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,000 |
2029 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Thereafter |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total debt principal payments |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 20,000 |  |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | 5,000 |
Accrued and unpaid interest |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 388 |
Less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (134 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (47 | )
Future debt payments, net |  | $ | 704 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 19,866 |  |  | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | 5,341 |

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