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Segment information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment information | Segment information Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The CODM approves key operating and strategic decisions, including key decisions in clinical development and clinical operating activities, entering into significant contracts and approves the Company's consolidated operating budget. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment, the research and development of immunotherapies and vaccines. The CODM uses loss before income tax to monitor budget versus actual results and decide how to use the Company's resources. As the Company operates in one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in these consolidated financial statements. The following table is a summary of the Company's significant segment expenses:
| Year ended December 31, 2025 |  | Year ended December 31, 2024
Direct research and development expenses: |  |  |
VTP-1000 Celiac | $ | 6,063 |  |  | $ | 5,486 |
Barinthus legacy assets 1 | 8,531 |  |  | 18,223 |
Total direct research and development expenses | $ | 14,594 |  |  | $ | 23,709 |
Indirect research and development expenses: |  |  |
Personnel-related (including share-based compensation) | 8,413 |  |  | 15,867 |
Facility related | 1,370 |  |  | 1,249 |
Other indirect costs | 1,187 |  |  | 1,411 |
Total indirect research and development expenses | 10,970 |  |  | 18,527 |
Total research and development expenses | $ | 25,564 |  |  | $ | 42,236 |
1 In January 2025, we announced a strategic focus on developing a pipeline in I&I, and the deprioritization of our programs in infectious disease and oncology. The following programs were previously presented separately and have been grouped collectively as "Barinthus Legacy Assets" for both years presented: VTP-300 HBV, VTP-850 Prostate Cancer, VTP-200 HPV, VTP-600 NSCLC, VTP-500 MERS and other and earlier stage programs.
The Company operates in two geographic regions: the U.S. and the U.K. The following table summarizes the Company’s long-lived assets, which include the Company’s intangible assets, property and equipment, net and right-of-use assets by geography:
| Year ended December 31, 2025 |  | Year ended December 31, 2024
United States | $ | 19,449 |  |  | $ | 28,907 |
United Kingdom | — |  |  | 4,797 |
| $ | 19,449 |  |  | $ | 33,704 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name 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