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INCOME TAXES | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 02, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
INCOME TAXES | INCOMES TAXES Prior to Spin-off, the Company’s income tax expense and deferred tax balances have been calculated on a separate return basis as if the Company filed its own tax returns, although its operations have been included in SunPower’s U.S. federal, state and non-U.S. tax returns. The separate return method applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to the standalone financial statements as if the Company were a separate taxpayer and a standalone enterprise for the period presented. Provision for Income Taxes The components of current and deferred income tax expense reflected in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations are as follows:
| Fiscal Year
(In thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Provision for income taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Current tax benefit (expense) | $ | 3,952 |  |  | $ | (12,644) |  |  | $ | (9,305) |
Deferred tax (expense) benefit | (4,155) |  |  | 517 |  |  | (817) |
Provision for income taxes | $ | (203) |  |  | $ | (12,127) |  |  | $ | (10,122) |
The provision for income taxes differs from the amounts obtained by applying the statutory Singapore tax rate of 17% (2019: U.S. statutory tax rate of 21%) to income before taxes as shown below:
| Fiscal Year
(In thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Statutory rate | 17 | % |  | 17 | % |  | 21 | %
Tax benefit at statutory rate | $ | 40,641 |  |  | $ | 21,367 |  | $ | 33,819
Foreign tax rate differential | (37,390) |  | (19,356) |  | 1,116
Foreign income inclusion in the U.S. | — |  | — |  | (4,366)
Change in valuation allowance | (12,510) |  | (10,431) |  | (38,627)
Unrecognized tax benefits (expense) | 7,797 |  | (3,896) |  | (2,424)
Other | 1,259 |  | 189 |  | 360
Provision for income taxes | $ | (203) |  | $ | (12,127) |  | $ | (10,122)
In the year ended January 2, 2022, the change in effective tax rates was due to unrecognized tax expense provision taken in 2020 for a tax audit which was eventually concluded in 2021. This resulted in a reversal of provision in 2021 and together with the expiry of statute of limitations in other jurisdictions, gave a unrecognized tax benefit of $7.8 million. As part of the tax benefit under “Other”, was a return to provision benefit recognized for prior year tax filing returns in Switzerland. The change in the effective tax rate was also affected by the mix of the tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which the Company’s entities generate taxable income. Tax incentives include a 5% preferential tax rate on gross income attributable to activities covered by Philippines Economic Zone Authority registrations in the Philippines. The Philippine net income attributable to all other activities will be taxed at the statutory Philippines corporate income tax rate, currently 30%. The earlier income tax holiday in the Philippines, granted for manufacturing lines, has since ended on January 1, 2020. Maxeon Malaysia enjoys a tax holiday in Malaysia where we manufacture our solar power products, subject to certain terms and conditions imposed by the Malaysia Investment Development Authority. The current tax holiday in Malaysia was granted to our former joint venture AUOSP (now a wholly owned subsidiary). The third and final five-year tranche of the tax holiday, beginning July 1, 2021 and ending June, 30 2026, is subject to the company meeting certain conditions. The tax holiday resulted in an income tax benefit of $10.5 million for the year ended January 2, 2022. The impact on a per share basis was a benefit of $0.28 per share. In 2020, Maxeon Singapore received a Development and Expansion Incentive - International Headquarters Award (“DEI-IHQ”) from the Singapore Economic Development Board (“EDB”). The incentive will take effect from January 1, 2021 and will allow qualifying activities to be taxed at a concessionary tax rate, subject to certain terms and conditions imposed by EDB. All other non-qualifying income will be taxed at the statutory Singapore corporate income tax rate of 17%. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Long-term deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
| As of
(In thousands) | January 2, 2022 |  | January 3, 2021
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforward | $ | 32,486 |  |  | $ | 19,659 |
Reserves and accruals | 1,698 |  |  | 7,766 |
Fixed assets | 905 |  |  | 40 |
Total deferred tax assets | 35,089 |  |  | 27,465 |
Valuation allowance | (29,906) |  |  | (16,795) |
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 5,183 |  |  | 10,670 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Intangible assets and accruals | (1,150) |  |  | (1,050) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,150) |  |  | (1,050) |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 4,033 |  |  | $ | 9,620 |
The Company’s deferred tax assets primarily relate to timing differences and net operating losses in Singapore, France, Malta, South Africa, Spain and Italy. The net operating losses, amounting to $379.2 million, can be carried forward indefinitely and are available for offset against future tax liabilities. Valuation Allowance In determining whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are recoverable, the assessment is required to be done on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis; we believe that sufficient uncertainty exists with regard to the realizability of these assets such that a valuation allowance is necessary. Factors considered in providing a valuation allowance include the lack of a significant history of consistent profits, the lack of consistent profitability in the solar industry, the limited capacity of carrybacks to realize these assets, and other factors. Based on the absence of sufficient positive objective evidence, we are unable to assert that it is more likely than not that we will generate sufficient taxable income to realize net deferred tax assets. Should we achieve a certain level of profitability in the future, we may be able to reverse the valuation allowance which would result in a non-cash income statement benefit. $29.9 million of the total consolidated valuation allowance as at January 2, 2022 are for the net operating losses in Singapore, Malta, South Africa and Spain. Unrecognized Tax Benefits Current accounting guidance contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits during fiscal years 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended
(In thousands) | January 2, 2022 |  | January 3, 2021
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 39,506 |  |  | $ | 33,502 |
Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 1,186 |  |  | 10,839 |
Reduction of tax position relating to settlement with taxing authorities | (2,554) |  |  | — |
Reductions for tax positions from prior years/statute of limitations expirations | (3,174) |  |  | (5,301) |
Foreign exchange (gain) loss | (269) |  |  | 466 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 34,695 |  |  | $ | 39,506 |
The unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal years 2021 and 2020 are $34.7 million and $39.5 million, respectively, that if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate. Certain components of the unrecognized tax benefits are recorded against deferred tax asset balances. We believe that events that could occur in the next 12 months and cause a change in unrecognized tax benefits include, but are not limited to, the following: •commencement, continuation or completion of examinations of our tax returns by foreign taxing authorities; and •expiration of statutes of limitation on our tax returns. The calculation of unrecognized tax benefits involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. Uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the impact of legislative, regulatory and judicial developments, transfer pricing and the application of withholding taxes. We regularly assess our tax positions in light of legislative, bilateral tax treaty, regulatory and judicial developments in the countries in which we do business. We determined that an estimate of the range of reasonably possible change in the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months cannot be made. Classification of Interests and Penalties We accrue interest and penalties on tax contingencies which are classified as “Provision for income taxes” in our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations. Accrued interest as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021 was $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. There were no accrued penalties as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021. Tax Years and Examination Tax returns are filed in each jurisdiction in which we are registered to do business. In many countries in which we file tax returns, a statute of limitations period exists. After the statute of limitations period expires, the respective tax authorities may no longer assess additional income tax for the expired period. Similarly, we are no longer eligible to file claims for refund for any tax that we may have overpaid. The following table summarizes our major tax jurisdictions and the tax years that remain subject to income tax examination by these jurisdictions as of January 2, 2022:
Tax Jurisdictions | Tax Years
Switzerland | 2020
Malaysia | 2013 and onward
Italy | 2016 and onward
We do not expect the examinations to result in a material assessment outside of existing reserves. If a material assessment in excess of current reserves results, the amount that the assessment exceeds current reserves will be a current period charge to earnings.

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