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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

NOTE 6: Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

In April 2014, the Board of Directors adopted the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) allowing for the issuance of up to 40,000 shares of common stock through grants of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock or restricted stock units. In December 2016, the 2014 Plan was terminated, and the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a new equity incentive plan defined as the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) in which the remaining 38,720 shares available for issuance under the 2014 Plan at that time were transferred to the 2016 Plan. Awards outstanding under the 2014 Plan at the time of the 2014 Plan’s termination will continue to be governed by their existing terms. The shares underlying any awards that are forfeited, canceled, repurchased or are otherwise terminated by the Company under the 2014 Plan will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan provides for the granting of stock awards such as incentive stock options, non - statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock or restricted stock units to employees, directors and outside consultants as determined by the Board of Directors.

On June 23, 2022, following approval by the Board of Directors, the Company’s stockholders adopted the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) allowing for the issuance of up to 100,000 shares of Class A Common Stock through grants of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards, and other stock or cash-based awards. In connection with the adoption of the 2022 Plan, shares previously available for issuance under the 2016 Plan became available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. The number of shares authorized under the 2022 Plan will be increased each January 1^st, beginning January 1, 2023 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2032, by an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 5% of our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding on December 31st of the immediately preceding calendar year (rounded up to the nearest whole share) and (b) a number of shares determined

by the plan administrator. Shares subject to awards (including under the 2016 Plan and the 2014 Plan) that lapse, expire, terminate, or are canceled prior to the issuance of the underlying shares or that are subsequently forfeited to or otherwise reacquired by us will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan.

The Board of Directors may grant stock options under the 2022 Plan at an exercise price of not less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted. Options generally have a term of ten years from the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted to employees who, on the date of grant, own stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all of the Company’s classes of stock, are granted at an exercise price of not less than 110% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The maximum term of incentive stock options granted to employees who, on the date of grant, own stock having more than 10% of the voting power of all of the Company’s classes of stock, may not exceed five years. The Board of Directors also determines the terms and conditions of awards, including the vesting schedule and any forfeiture provisions. Options granted under the 2022 Plan may vest upon the passage of time, generally four years, or upon the attainment of certain performance criteria established by the Board of Directors. The Company may from time-to-time grant options to purchase common stock to non-employees for advisory and consulting services. At each measurement date, the Company will remeasure the fair value of these stock options using the Black - Scholes option pricing model and recognize the expense ratably over the vesting period of each stock option award. Stock options comprise all of the awards granted since the 2022 Plan’s inception.

Stock option activity under all of the Company’s equity incentive plans for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:


									Weighted
						Weighted			Average
		Shares		Number of		Average			Remaining		Aggregate
		Available for		Shares		Exercise			Contractual		Intrinsic
		Grant		Outstanding		Price			Life (Years)		Value (000’s)
Available and outstanding as of December 31, 2024		92,020		296,391		$	50.50		7.97		$	26
2022 Equity incentive plan increase		220,106		—			—
Granted		(45,090)		45,090			4.89
Forfeited		21,988		(21,988)			112.14
Available and outstanding as of September 30, 2025		289,024		319,493		$	38.12		7.54		$	40
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2025				182,079		$	51.15		6.51		$	—

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value based on the Company’s closing stock price of $5.77 as of September 30, 2025, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 was $2.63 per share. There were no options exercised during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 compared to 2,260 options exercised during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024. The fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 was $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

The determination of the fair value of options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is computed using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:


		Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
		September 30,					September 30,
		2025		2024			2025		2024
Risk-free interest rate		3.82	%	4.20	%		3.86	%	4.20	%
Expected dividend yield		—	%	—	%		—	%	—	%
Expected volatility		52.36	%	54.30	%		52.99	%	54.35	%
Expected term (in years)		6.1		5.8			6.1		5.7

A summary of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s condensed statements of operations is as follows (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
		September 30,						September 30,
		2025			2024			2025			2024
Cost of revenue, net		$	39		$	75		$	125		$	140
Research and development			104			146			367			414
Sales and marketing			22			24			65			104
General and administrative			211			479			626			669
Total		$	376		$	724		$	1,183		$	1,327

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had unamortized stock-based compensation expense of $1.2 million that will be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting term of options of 1.2 years. Option pricing models require the input of various subjective assumptions, including the option’s expected life and the price volatility of the underlying stock. The expected stock price volatility is based on the analysis of volatilities of the Company’s selected public peer group over a period commensurate with the expected term of the options. The expected term of the employee stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is based on the contractual terms, the vesting period and the expected remaining term of the outstanding options. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury interest rates whose term in consistent with the expected life of the stock options. No dividend yield is included as the Company has not issued any dividends and does not anticipate issuing any dividends in the future.