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Table of Contents

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-39412

FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

​ | ​ | ​
North Carolina |  | 82-1518164
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | ​ | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

​

2000 Regency Parkway Drive, Suite 300, Cary, North Carolina 27518

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(888) 455-6040

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, No Par Value | ​ | FTHM | ​ | The NASDAQ Capital Market

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ | ​ | Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | ​ | Smaller reporting company ☒
​ | ​ | Emerging growth company ☒

​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 8, 2022, the registrant had 17,074,582 shares common stock outstanding.

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Table of Contents

FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. | Financial Statements |
​ | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 | 3
​ | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 | 4
​ | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 | 5
​ | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 | 6
​ | Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
ITEM 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
ITEM 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 32
ITEM 4. | Controls and Procedures | 32
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION | 34
ITEM 1. | Legal Proceedings | 34
ITEM 1A. | Risk Factors | 34
ITEM 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 34
ITEM 6. | Exhibits | 35
SIGNATURES |  | 36

​

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2

Table of Contents

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

​

ITEM 1. Financial Statements.

​

FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share data)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
ASSETS | ​ | (Unaudited) | ​ | ​ | ​
Current assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 14,543 | ​ | $ | 37,830
Restricted cash | ​ | ​ | 139 | ​ | ​ | 91
Accounts receivable | ​ |  | 4,232 | ​ |  | 3,981
Derivative assets | ​ |  | 294 | ​ |  | 53
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value | ​ | ​ | 8,815 | ​ | ​ | 9,862
Prepaid and other current assets | ​ |  | 4,799 | ​ |  | 2,633
Total current assets | ​ |  | 32,822 | ​ |  | 54,450
Property and equipment, net | ​ |  | 3,114 | ​ |  | 1,250
Lease right of use assets | ​ |  | 5,586 | ​ |  | 4,353
Intangible assets, net | ​ | ​ | 27,947 | ​ | ​ | 24,243
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | 25,472 | ​ | ​ | 20,541
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 52 | ​ | ​ | 93
Total assets | ​ | $ | 94,993 | ​ | $ | 104,930
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |
Current liabilities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |
Accounts payable | ​ | $ | 4,920 | ​ | $ | 5,303
Accrued and other current liabilities | ​ | ​ | 5,182 | ​ | ​ | 4,491
Warehouse lines of credit | ​ | ​ | 8,516 | ​ | ​ | 9,577
Long-term debt - current portion | ​ | ​ | 514 | ​ | ​ | 831
Lease liability - current portion | ​ |  | 1,549 | ​ |  | 870
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 20,681 | ​ |  | 21,072
Lease liability, net of current portion | ​ |  | 5,416 | ​ |  | 3,562
Long-term debt, net of current portion | ​ |  | 270 | ​ |  | 146
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 26,367 | ​ |  | 24,780
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Stockholders’ equity: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Common stock (no par value, shares authorized, 100,000,000; shares issued and outstanding, 17,074,582 and 16,751,606 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 106,283 | ​ |  | 100,129
Accumulated deficit | ​ |  | (37,657) | ​ |  | (19,979)
Total stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 68,626 | ​ |  | 80,150
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ​ | $ | 94,993 | ​ | $ | 104,930

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

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3

Table of Contents

FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share data)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gross commission income | ​ | $ | 104,977 | ​ | $ | 95,300 | ​ | $ | 311,074 | ​ | $ | 224,703
Other service revenue | ​ | ​ | 6,287 | ​ | ​ | 5,640 | ​ | ​ | 18,452 | ​ | ​ | 10,066
Total revenue | ​ | ​ | 111,264 | ​ | ​ | 100,940 | ​ | ​ | 329,526 | ​ | ​ | 234,769
Operating expenses | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Commission and other agent-related costs | ​ | ​ | 99,448 | ​ | ​ | 91,263 | ​ | ​ | 295,237 | ​ | ​ | 214,392
Operations and support | ​ | ​ | 2,420 | ​ | ​ | 2,029 | ​ | ​ | 6,192 | ​ | ​ | 3,781
Technology and development | ​ | ​ | 1,456 | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​ | ​ | 3,931 | ​ | ​ | 1,912
General and administrative | ​ |  | 11,528 | ​ |  | 9,582 | ​ |  | 34,669 | ​ |  | 24,139
Marketing | ​ |  | 1,457 | ​ |  | 591 | ​ |  | 3,948 | ​ |  | 1,371
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 852 | ​ | ​ | 589 | ​ | ​ | 2,238 | ​ | ​ | 1,049
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 117,161 | ​ |  | 104,625 | ​ |  | 346,215 | ​ |  | 246,644
Loss from operations | ​ |  | (5,897) | ​ |  | (3,685) | ​ |  | (16,689) | ​ |  | (11,875)
Other expense (income), net | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Gain on extinguishment of debt | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (76) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (127)
Interest expense (income), net | ​ |  | (11) | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 4 | ​ |  | 3
Other nonoperating expense (income), net | ​ |  | 126 | ​ |  | (28) | ​ |  | 800 | ​ |  | (66)
Other expense (income), net | ​ |  | 115 | ​ |  | (102) | ​ |  | 804 | ​ |  | (190)
Loss before income taxes | ​ |  | (6,012) | ​ |  | (3,583) | ​ |  | (17,493) | ​ |  | (11,685)
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (210) | ​ |  | 185 | ​ |  | (2,820)
Net loss | ​ | $ | (6,012) | ​ | $ | (3,373) | ​ | $ | (17,678) | ​ | $ | (8,865)
Net loss per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Basic | ​ | $ | (0.38) | ​ | $ | (0.24) | ​ | $ | (1.10) | ​ | $ | (0.64)
Diluted | ​ | $ | (0.38) | ​ | $ | (0.24) | ​ | $ | (1.10) | ​ | $ | (0.64)
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Basic | ​ |  | 15,804,644 | ​ |  | 14,312,675 | ​ |  | 16,054,025 | ​ |  | 13,948,862
Diluted | ​ |  | 15,804,644 | ​ |  | 14,312,675 | ​ |  | 16,054,025 | ​ |  | 13,948,862

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

​

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share data)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Number of |  | ​ | ​ |  | Additional |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Par | ​ | Paid-in | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | Value | ​ | Capital | ​ | Deficit | ​ | Total
Balance at June 30, 2022 | ​ | 17,052,263 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 104,391 | ​ | $ | (31,645) | ​ | $ | 72,746
Issuance of common stock for purchase of business | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Repurchase of common stock | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures | ​ | 22,319 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,892 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,892
Net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (6,012) | ​ | ​ | (6,012)
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | 17,074,582 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 106,283 | ​ | $ | (37,657) | ​ | $ | 68,626

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Number of |  | ​ | ​ |  | Additional |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Par | ​ | Paid-in | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | Value | ​ | Capital | ​ | Deficit | ​ | Total
Balance at June 30, 2021 |  | 14,744,539 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 64,594 | ​ | $ | (12,980) | ​ | $ | 51,614
Issuance of common stock for purchase of business | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of stock options | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures |  | 51,668 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,353 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,353
Net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (3,373) | ​ | ​ | (3,373)
Balance at September 30, 2021 | ​ | 14,796,207 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 65,947 | ​ | $ | (16,353) | ​ | $ | 49,594

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Par | ​ | Paid-in | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Shares |  | Value |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | 16,751,606 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 100,129 | ​ | $ | (19,979) | ​ | $ | 80,150
Issuance of common stock for purchase of businesses |  | 470,982 | ​ |  | — |  |  | 6,168 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 6,168
Repurchase of common stock |  | (686,097) | ​ |  | — |  |  | (6,045) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (6,045)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures |  | 538,091 | ​ |  | — |  |  | 6,031 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 6,031
Net loss |  | — | ​ |  | — |  |  | — | ​ |  | (17,678) | ​ |  | (17,678)
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | 17,074,582 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 106,283 | ​ | $ | (37,657) | ​ | $ | 68,626

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Par | ​ | Paid-in | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Shares |  | Value |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | 13,830,351 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 37,139 | ​ | $ | (7,488) | ​ | $ | 29,651
Issuance of common stock for purchase of business |  | 777,380 | ​ |  | — |  |  | 25,312 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 25,312
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of stock options | ​ | 16,972 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 80 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 80
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures | ​ | 171,504 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,416 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,416
Net loss |  | — | ​ |  | — |  |  | — | ​ |  | (8,865) | ​ |  | (8,865)
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  | 14,796,207 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 65,947 | ​ | $ | (16,353) | ​ | $ | 49,594

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Net loss | ​ | $ | (17,678) | ​ | $ | (8,865)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 3,785 | ​ |  | 1,778
Non-cash lease expense | ​ | ​ | 1,565 | ​ | ​ | —
Gain on extinguishment of debt | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (127)
Gain on sale of mortgages | ​ | ​ | (3,443) | ​ | ​ | (3,264)
Stock-based compensation | ​ |  | 6,470 | ​ |  | 2,833
Deferred income taxes | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,865)
Bad debt expense | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 248
Other non-cash | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 44
Change in operating assets and liabilities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ |  | (672) | ​ |  | (908)
Derivative assets | ​ |  | (241) | ​ |  | ​
Prepaid and other current assets | ​ | ​ | (2,128) | ​ | ​ | (761)
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 43 | ​ | ​ | 9
Accounts payable | ​ | ​ | (382) | ​ | ​ | 387
Accrued and other current liabilities | ​ | ​ | (284) | ​ | ​ | 4,121
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | (1,540) | ​ | ​ | 63
Mortgage loans held for sale | ​ | ​ | (205,137) | ​ | ​ | (108,562)
Proceeds from sale and principal payments on mortgage loans held for sale | ​ | ​ | 213,172 | ​ | ​ | 109,299
Net cash used in operating activities | ​ |  | (6,470) | ​ |  | (6,570)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Purchase of property and equipment | ​ |  | (981) | ​ |  | (576)
Amounts paid for business and asset acquisitions, net of cash acquired | ​ | ​ | (2,479) | ​ | ​ | (10,969)
Purchase of intangible assets | ​ |  | (2,473) | ​ |  | (2,017)
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ |  | (5,933) | ​ |  | (13,562)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Principal payments on long-term debt | ​ |  | (846) | ​ |  | (399)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 80
Net borrowings on warehouse lines of credit | ​ | ​ | (4,499) | ​ | ​ | 2,347
Repurchase of common stock | ​ | ​ | (6,045) | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from note payable | ​ | ​ | 554 | ​ | ​ | 865
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | ​ |  | (10,836) | ​ |  | 2,893
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ​ |  | (23,239) | ​ |  | (17,239)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | ​ |  | 37,921 | ​ |  | 29,562
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | ​ | $ | 14,682 | ​ | $ | 12,323
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Supplemental disclosure of cash and non-cash transactions: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Cash paid for interest | ​ | $ | 23 | ​ | $ | —
Income taxes paid | ​ | ​ | 111 | ​ | ​ | —
Amounts due to sellers | ​ | ​ | 1,100 | ​ | ​ | 1,477
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 2,219 | ​ | ​ | 1,839
Issuance of common stock for purchase of business | ​ | ​ | 6,168 | ​ | ​ | 25,312
Extinguishment of Paycheck Protection Program Loan | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 127
Loan receivable forgiven and used as purchase consideration | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 165
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reconciliation of cash and restricted cash: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 14,543 | ​ | $ | 8,753
Restricted cash | ​ | ​ | 139 | ​ | ​ | 3,570
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in statement of cash flows | ​ | $ | 14,682 | ​ | $ | 12,323

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

​

6

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements

Fathom Holdings Inc. (“Fathom”, “Fathom Holdings”, or and collectively with its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, the “Company”) is a national, technology-driven, real estate services platform integrating residential brokerage, mortgage, title, insurance services, and supporting software called intelliAgent. The Company’s brands include Fathom Realty, Dagley Insurance, Encompass Lending, intelliAgent, LiveBy, Real Results, Verus Title and Cornerstone.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Fathom Holdings’ wholly owned subsidiaries. All transactions and accounts between and among its subsidiaries have been eliminated. All adjustments and disclosures necessary for a fair presentation of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been included.

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as determined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the balances and results of operations for the periods presented. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Security and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 9, 2022 (the “Form 10-K”). The results of operations for any interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year or any other interim period. In January and February 2022, the Company acquired Cornerstone Financial (“Cornerstone”) and iPro realty Network (“iPro”), respectively, in separate transactions accounted for as business combinations. Cornerstone is a real estate mortgage business that is expected to help expand the Company’s reach in the Washington DC and surrounding markets. The acquisition of iPro, a real estate brokerage business, is expected to help expand the Company’s reach in the Utah real estate market.

As previously disclosed in the Form 10-K, certain prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current presentation. These changes have no impact on our previously reported consolidated balance sheets or statements of operations.

Note 2. Risks and Uncertainties

Certain Significant Risks and Business Uncertainties — The Company is subject to the risks and challenges associated with companies at a similar stage of development. These include the risks associated with economic uncertainties like inflation and rising interest rates on the housing market, dependence on key individuals, successful development and marketing of its offerings, and competition with larger companies with greater financial, technical, and marketing resources. Furthermore, during the period required to achieve substantially higher revenue in order to become consistently profitable, the Company may require additional funds that might not be readily available or might not be on terms that are acceptable to the Company. See “COVID-19 Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties” below, and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Form 10-K for further detail regarding the risks the Company faces.

Liquidity — The Company has a history of negative cash flows from operations and operating losses. The Company generated net losses of approximately $17.7 million and $8.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, the Company anticipates further expenditures associated with the process of expanding its business organically and via acquisitions. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $14.5 million and $37.8 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Management believes that existing cash from its 2021 common stock offering along with its planned budget, which includes continued increases in the number of its agents and transactions at moderate growth rates, along with increases in transaction fees charged to agents, plus growth from increasing attach rates across the Company’s businesses from internal referrals, and the expected ability to achieve sales volumes necessary to cover forecasted expenses, provide sufficient funding to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date of the issuance of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

COVID-19 Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties — On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the risks to the international community as the virus spreads globally. In March 2020, the WHO classified COVID-19 as a pandemic, based on the rapid increase in exposure globally. COVID-19 remains a pandemic as variants develop and spread.

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company is subject to the risks arising from COVID-19 including its social and economic impacts on the residential real estate industry in the United States. Our management believes that these social and economic impacts, which to date have included but not been limited to the following, could have a significant impact on the Company’s future financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations: (i) restrictions on in-person activities associated with residential real estate transactions arising from shelter-in-place, or similar isolation orders; (ii) decline in consumer demand for in-person interactions and physical home tours; (iii) deteriorating economic conditions, such as increased unemployment rates, recessionary conditions, lower yields on individual investment portfolios, and more stringent mortgage financing conditions; and (iv) global supply chain stresses, which have led to inflation, which had caused the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates.

Given the continuing evolution of COVID-19 and the global responses to curb its spread, the Company is not able to estimate the effects of COVID-19, including any currently known and future variant, on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for the year ending December 31, 2022 and beyond. While the development and availability of multiple COVID-19 vaccines lessened the impact of COVID-19 in 2021 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022, if COVID-19 continues, it may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations.

Russia and Ukraine Conflict — In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine resulting in the United States, Canada, the European Union and other countries imposing economic sanctions on Russia. While this conflict has not impacted the Company directly, the full impact on the United States and other economies is unknown and cannot be predicted. This conflict appears to have and could continue to cause an adverse impact on U.S. economy and financial markets, including the inflationary impact of exacerbated supply chains, which could adversely affect the housing industry and home purchases and sales, which in turn could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions related to doubtful accounts, legal contingencies, income taxes, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, stock-based compensation, goodwill, estimated lives of intangible assets, and intangible asset impairment. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by the Company might differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected.

​

Note 3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted — In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances and credit quality indicators. The new standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and intends to adopt the standard on January 1, 2023.

​

Note 4. Acquisitions

Acquisition of Red Barn

On March 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Red Barn, in a transaction deemed immaterial to the Company. The Red Barn acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting.

8

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Acquisition of Naberly

On March 1, 2021 the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Naberly for cash consideration of $2.7 million. Based on the Company’s preliminary estimation of the fair value of the assets acquired, the Naberly acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition. The total acquisition cost, including transaction costs of approximately $0.1 million was $2.8 million and was recorded as software intangible assets.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, in connection with, and in advance of the closing under the asset purchase agreement to acquire the assets of Naberly, the Company issued to Naberly, an unsecured loan (the “Loan”) in the principal amount of up to $0.2 million with an interest rate of two percent (2%) per annum, compounded annually, and a maturity date of February 28, 2021. The outstanding principal balance of the Loan was forgiven in connection with the closing of the acquisition and was accounted for as part of the purchase consideration transferred to Naberly.

Acquisition of E4:9

On April 16, 2021 the Company purchased 100% of outstanding capital stock of E4:9. The Company accounted for the E4:9 acquisition as a business combination. The purchase price consisted of $9.8 million cash consideration and $16.6 million common stock consideration for a total purchase price of $26.5 million. The aggregate purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, and accordingly the Company recorded goodwill of approximately $14.9 million, including a $0.4 million subsequent fair value adjustment discussed below.

The total purchase consideration and the fair values of the assets and liabilities at the acquisition date were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed (amounts in thousands): |  | ​ |
Cash |  | $ | 2,843
Accounts Receivable |  | ​ | 516
Mortgage loans held for sale |  | ​ | 8,147
Derivative assets |  | ​ | 90
Prepaid and other current assets |  | ​ | 122
Property & Equipment |  | ​ | 356
Intangible assets |  | ​ | 11,780
Lease right of use assets |  | ​ | 1,498
Other long-term assets |  | ​ | 7
Total identifiable assets acquired |  | ​ | 25,359
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | ​ | 938
Escrow liabilities |  | ​ | 75
Derivative liabilities |  | ​ | 120
Warehouse lines of credit |  | ​ | 7,958
Notes payable |  | ​ | 486
Lease liability, current portion |  | ​ | 337
Lease liability, net of current portion |  | ​ | 1,160
Deferred tax liabilities |  | ​ | 2,687
Total liabilities assumed |  | ​ | 13,761
Total identifiable net assets |  | ​ | 11,598
Goodwill |  | ​ | 14,882
Net assets acquired |  | $ | 26,480

​

The Company recognized approximately $0.3 million of acquisition related costs that were expensed in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and are included in general and administrative expenses.

9

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Goodwill of approximately $7.4 million and $7.0 million was assigned to the Company’s Mortgage and Other services reporting units, respectively, and is attributable primarily to its assembled workforce and the anticipated future economic benefits of the vertical integration of E4:9’s mortgage lending and insurance product offerings available to our real estate agents. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The fair value associated with identifiable intangible assets was $11.8 million, comprised of customer relationships of $6.2 million, tradenames of $5.2 million and know-how of $0.4 million. Customer relationships is being amortized on an accelerated basis over a useful life of 8 years. Tradenames and know-how are amortized on a straight-line basis over 10 years and 5 years, respectively.

The Company finalized the fair value estimates used in the purchase price allocation related to the E4:9 acquisitions during the quarter ended June 30, 2022, resulting in a $0.4 million adjustment to lower the fair value of accounts receivable assumed to be $0.5 million with an offsetting increase to goodwill in our Corporate and other services reporting unit.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of E4:9 since the closing on April 16, 2021. During the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 E4:9 contributed $4.6 million and $4.0 million in revenues and $1.2 million and $1.0 million in net loss, respectively. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022 and from the acquisition closing on April 16, 2021 through September 30, 2021, E4:9 contributed $13.2 million and $6.9 million in revenues and $5.1 million and $2.6 million in net loss, respectively.

Acquisition of LiveBy

On April 20, 2021 the Company purchased 100% of the outstanding capital stock of LiveBy Inc. The Company accounted for the LiveBy acquisition as a business combination. The purchase price consisted of $3.4 million cash consideration and $5.6 million common stock consideration for a total purchase price of $9.0 million. The aggregate purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, and accordingly the Company recorded goodwill of approximately $4.2 million.

The total purchase consideration and the fair values of the assets and liabilities at the acquisition date were as follows:

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed (amounts in thousands):

Cash |  | $ | 516
Accounts receivable |  | ​ | 138
intangible assets |  | ​ | 4,920
Prepaid and other current assets |  | ​ | 2
Total identifiable assets acquired |  | ​ | 5,576
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred tax liabilities |  | ​ | 621
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | ​ | 167
Total liabilities assumed |  | ​ | 788
Total identifiable net assets |  | ​ | 4,788
Goodwill |  | ​ | 4,193
Net assets acquired |  | $ | 8,981

​

The Company recognized approximately $0.2 million acquisition related costs that were expensed in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and are included in general and administrative expenses.

Goodwill was assigned to the technology reporting unit and is attributable primarily to its assembled workforce and the anticipated future economic benefits to the Company’s agents through technology product offerings. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

10

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of LiveBy since the closing on April 20, 2021. During the three month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 LiveBy contributed $0.7 million and $0.6 million in revenues and $0.4 million and $0.1 million in net loss, respectively. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022 and from the acquisition closing on April 20, 2021 through September 30, 2021, LiveBy contributed $2.0 million and $1.0 million in revenues and $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million in net loss, respectively.

Acquisition of Epic Realty

On June 30, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Epic Realty (“Epic”) in a transaction deemed immaterial to the Company. The Epic acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting.

Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information

On an unaudited pro forma basis in thousands, the revenues and net loss of the Company assuming the acquisitions of E4:9 and LiveBy occurred on January 1, 2020, are shown below. The unaudited pro forma information does not purport to present what the Company’s actual results would have been had the acquisition happened on January 1, 2020, nor is the financial information indicative of the results of future operations. The pro forma financial information includes the estimated amortization expense based on the fair value and estimated useful lives of intangible assets as part of the acquisitions of E4:9 and LiveBy.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Nine Months Ended
​ |  | September 30, 2021
Revenue | ​ | $ | 240,282
Net loss | ​ | ​ | (15,709)
Net loss per share (basic) | ​ | $ | (1.07)

​

Acquisitions of Cornerstone Financial and iPro Realty Network

The Company completed two acquisitions in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, both accounted for as business combinations. On January 24, 2022, the Company acquired Cornerstone Financial, a real estate mortgage business in the Washington DC and surrounding markets, for approximately $4.7 million. The purchase price was comprised of $1.1 million in cash consideration and 267,470 shares of common stock with an acquisition date fair value of $3.6 million. Approximately $0.6 million of the cash consideration is due within one year of the acquisition date. On February 8, 2022, the Company acquired iPro Realty Network, a real estate brokerage business in the Utah real estate market, for total consideration of approximately $4.2 million. The purchase price included cash consideration of approximately $1.8 million and 167,824 shares of common stock with an acquisition date fair value of $2.3 million. Approximately $0.1 million of the cash consideration is due within one year of the acquisition date. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the individual acquisitions were recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet at their estimated fair values as of the respective dates of acquisition, including mortgage loans held for sale of approximately $3.5 million, lease right of use assets and lease liabilities of approximately $0.6 million, accrued liabilities of approximately $0.4 million and warehouse lines of credit of approximately $3.4 million. The Company recorded finite-lived intangible assets of approximately $3.6 million and goodwill of approximately $4.9 million, prior to the updates to fair values noted below. None of the goodwill relating to the Cornerstone Financial acquisition is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Goodwill in the amount of approximately $1.4 million relating to the iPro Realty Network acquisition is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The Company updated the fair value estimates used in the purchase price allocation related to the Cornerstone and iPro acquisitions during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, resulting in an increase of $0.4 million in the fair value of assumed finite lived intangible assets, an increase of $0.3 million in other assets, and a $0.2 million increase in goodwill. Due to the timing of the acquisition, the valuation of net assets acquired has not been finalized and is expected to be completed by the end of December 2022, and in any case, no later than one year from the acquisition date in accordance with GAAP.

Pro forma information has not been included as it is impracticable to obtain the information due to the lack of availability of historical GAAP financial data. The results of operations of these businesses do not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations. Acquisition related costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, were $8,000 and $60,000, respectively and are included in general and administrative expense.

​

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 5. Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2022
​ | ​ | Gross Carrying | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | Net Carrying
​ |  | Amount |  | Amortization |  | Value
Trade names | ​ | $ | 7,915 | ​ | ​ | (1,023) | ​ | $ | 6,892
Software development | ​ |  | 11,662 | ​ |  | (2,472) | ​ |  | 9,190
Customer relationships | ​ | ​ | 8,180 | ​ | ​ | (1,781) | ​ | ​ | 6,399
Agent relationships | ​ |  | 5,856 | ​ |  | (695) | ​ |  | 5,161
Know-how | ​ | ​ | 430 | ​ | ​ | (125) | ​ | ​ | 304,578
​ | ​ | $ | 34,043 | ​ | $ | (6,096) | ​ | $ | 27,947

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | December 31, 2021
​ | ​ | Gross Carrying | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | Net Carrying
​ |  | Amount |  | Amortization |  | Value
Trade names | ​ | $ | 6,326 | ​ | $ | (454) | ​ | $ | 5,872
Software development | ​ |  | 9,017 | ​ |  | (1,095) | ​ |  | 7,922
Customer relationships | ​ | ​ | 8,180 | ​ | ​ | (897) | ​ | ​ | 7,283
Agent relationships | ​ | ​ | 3,030 | ​ | ​ | (233) | ​ | ​ | 2,797
Know-how | ​ |  | 430 | ​ |  | (61) | ​ |  | 369
​ | ​ | $ | 26,983 | ​ | $ | (2,740) | ​ | $ | 24,243

​

Estimated future amortization intangible assets as of September 30, 2022 was as follows (amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Years Ending December 31, |  |  | ​
2022 (remaining) | ​ | $ | 1,425
2023 | ​ |  | 5,093
2024 | ​ |  | 4,965
2025 | ​ |  | 4,687
2026 | ​ |  | 3,931
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | 7,846
Total | ​ | $ | 27,947

​

During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets was $1.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of which $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, was included in technology and development expense. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets was $3.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of which $1.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively, was included in technology and development expense.

​

Note 6. Goodwill

The changes in the carrying value of goodwill by segment as of September 30, 2022 are as noted in the table below (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Brokerage |  | Mortgage |  | Technology |  | Other (a) |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 | ​ | $ | 1,099 | ​ | $ | 7,399 | ​ | $ | 4,168 | ​ | $ | 7,875 | ​ | $ | 20,541
Goodwill acquired during the period | ​ | ​ | 1,461 | ​ | ​ | 2,876 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,337
Fair value measurement adjustment (see Note 4) | ​ | ​ | 130 | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 446 | ​ | ​ | 594
Balance at September 30, 2022 | ​ | $ | 2,690 | ​ | $ | 10,293 | ​ | $ | 4,168 | ​ | $ | 8,321 | ​ | $ | 25,472

(a)Other comprises goodwill not assigned to a reportable segment.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

There were no accumulated impairment charges as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

​

​

​

Note 7. Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Deferred annual fee | ​ | $ | 1,209 | ​ | $ | 546
Due to sellers | ​ | ​ | 1,413 | ​ | ​ | 1,400
Accrued compensation | ​ | ​ | 1,053 | ​ | ​ | 1,033
Other accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 1,507 | ​ |  | 1,512
Total accrued and other current liabilities | ​ | $ | 5,182 | ​ | $ | 4,491

​

​

Note 8. Warehouse Lines of Credit

Encompass Lending Group (“Encompass”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, utilizes line of credit facilities as a means of temporarily financing mortgage loans pending their sale. The underlying warehouse lines of credit agreements, as described below, contain financial and other debt covenants.

Encompass maintains a master loan warehouse agreement with a bank whereby Encompass borrows funds to finance the origination or purchase of eligible loans. Interest on funds borrowed is equal to the greater of the 30-Day Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rate plus 2.625% or 3.50%. The agreement expires in July 2023. The maximum funding available under these loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $15.0 million. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on this warehouse line was approximately $2.1 million and $4.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, Encompass was in compliance with the debt covenants under this facility.

Encompass maintains a mortgage participation purchase agreement with a bank whereby Encompass borrows funds to finance the origination or purchase of eligible loans. Interest on funds borrowed is equal to the greater of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (Libor) Rate plus 2.00% or 3.5%. The agreement expires in April 2023.The maximum funding available under these loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $25.0 million. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on this warehouse line was approximately $3.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, Encompass was not in compliance with certain of these debt covenants related to earnings, however, based on communications with the bank, Encompass has received a waiver on these covenants.

Encompass maintains a warehousing credit and security agreement with a bank whereby Encompass borrows funds to finance the origination of eligible mortgage loans. Interest on funds borrowed is equal to the greater of the daily adjusting Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield (BSBY) rate plus 2.00% or 3.5% per annum. The agreement expires in September 2023. The daily adjusting BSBY rate plus 2.00% as of September 30, 2022 was 5.10% and the daily adjusting LIBOR plus 2.00% as of December 31, 2021 was 2.09%. The maximum funding available under these loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $15.0 million. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on this warehouse line was approximately $3.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, Encompass was in compliance with the debt covenants under this facility.

​

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 9. Debt

​

Long-term debt consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
3.75% Small Business Administration installment loan due May 2050 | ​ | $ | 159 | ​ | $ | 170
Notes payable: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-interest-bearing promissory note due July 1, 2022 | ​ | ​ | 493 | ​ | ​ | 210
% director and officer insurance policy promissory note due July 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 385
6.0 % executive and officer insurance policy promissory note due October 9, 2022 | ​ | ​ | 132 | ​ | ​ | 211
Total debt | ​ | ​ | 784 | ​ | ​ | 976
Less current portion of the Small Business Administration Loan | ​ | ​ | (21) | ​ | ​ | (25)
Less current portion of notes payable | ​ | ​ | (493) | ​ | ​ | (806)
Long-term debt, net of current portion | ​ | $ | 270 | ​ | $ | 145

​

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, approximately $0.1 million of short-term debt associated with our January iPro acquisition was paid.

​

Note 10. Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The methodology establishes consistency and comparability by providing a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques into three broad levels, which are described below:

| ● | Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (these are observable market inputs).

| ● | Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability (includes quoted market prices for similar assets or identical or similar assets in markets in which there are few transactions, prices that are not current or prices that vary substantially).

| ● | Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the entity’s own assumptions in pricing the asset or liability (used when little or no market data is available).

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where evaluated. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure the financial instruments are recorded at fair value.

While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Mortgage loans held for sale – The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is determined, when possible, using quoted secondary-market prices or purchaser commitments. If no such quoted price exists, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset or assets, adjusted for the specific attributes of that loan, which would be used by other market participants. The loans are considered Level 2 on the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative financial instruments – Derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value. Fair value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are unobservable in the market or cannot be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These instruments are Level 3 on the fair value hierarchy.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The fair value determination of each derivative financial instrument categorized as Level 3 required one or more of the following unobservable inputs:

| ● | Agreed prices from Interest Rate Lock Commitments (“IRLC”)

| ● | Trading prices for derivative instruments

| ● | Closing prices at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 for derivative instruments

The following are major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2022
​ |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Mortgage loans held for sale | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 8,815 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 8,815
Derivative assets | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 294 | ​ |  | 294
​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 8,815 | ​ | $ | 294 | ​ | $ | 9,109

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2021
​ |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Mortgage loans held for sale | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 9,862 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 9,862
Derivative assets | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 53 | ​ |  | 53
​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 9,862 | ​ | $ | 53 | ​ | $ | 9,915

​

The Company enters into IRLCs to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale, at specified interest rates and within a specific period of time (generally between 30 and 90 days), with customers who have applied for a loan and meet certain credit and underwriting criteria. These IRLCs meet the definition of a derivative and are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in other service revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses on the IRLCs, reflected as derivative assets and derivative liabilities, respectively, are measured based on the fair value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted agency mortgage-backed security (“MBS”) prices, estimates of the fair value of the mortgage servicing rights and the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the IRLC, net of commission expense and broker fees. The fair value of the forward loan sales commitment and mandatory delivery commitments being used to economically hedge the IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale not committed to purchasers are based on quoted agency MBS prices.

​

Note 11. Leases

Operating Leases

The Company has operating leases primarily consisting of office space with remaining lease terms of less than one year to nine years, subject to certain renewal options as applicable.

Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the Company does not separate lease and non-lease components of contracts. There are no material residual guarantees associated with any of the Company’s leases, and there are no significant restrictions or covenants included in the Company’s lease agreements. Certain leases include variable payments related to common area maintenance and property taxes, which are billed by the landlord, as is customary with these types of charges for office space.

Our lease agreements generally do not provide an implicit borrowing rate. Therefore, the Company used a benchmark approach to derive an appropriate imputed discount rate. The Company benchmarked itself against other companies of similar credit ratings and comparable quality and derived an imputed rate, which was used in a portfolio approach to discount its real estate lease liabilities. The Company used estimated incremental borrowing rates for all active leases.

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The table below presents certain information related to lease costs for the Company’s operating leases (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Operating lease expense | ​ | $ | 479 |  | $ | 296 | ​ | $ | 1,188 |  | $ | 589
Short-term lease expense | ​ |  | 96 | ​ |  | 120 | ​ |  | 216 | ​ |  | 244
Total lease cost | ​ | $ | 575 | ​ | $ | 416 | ​ | $ | 1,404 | ​ | $ | 833

​

The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate related to operating leases:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 | ​
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) - operating leases | ​ | 4.87 | ​ | 4.98 | ​
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases |  | 6.21 | % | 5.91 | %

​

The following table presents the maturities of lease liabilities (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Operating
Years Ended December 31, | ​ | Leases
2022 (remaining) | ​ | $ | 484
2023 | ​ |  | 1,910
2024 | ​ |  | 1,617
2025 | ​ |  | 1,389
2026 | ​ |  | 1,031
2027 and thereafter | ​ | ​ | 1,620
Total minimum lease payments | ​ | ​ | 8,051
Less effects of discounting | ​ |  | (1,086)
Present value of future minimum lease payments | ​ | $ | 6,965

​

​

Note 12. Shareholders’ Equity

On March 10, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an expenditure of up to $10 million for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock. The share repurchase program does not have a fixed expiration. Under the program, repurchases can be made from time-to-time using a variety of methods, including open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or by other means, including through the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The actual timing and amount of future repurchases are subject to business and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, stock price, acquisition opportunities and other factors. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company did not reacquire any shares. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company reacquired 686,097 shares for approximately $6.0 million. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had approximately $4.0 million remaining under the share repurchase authorization.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued shares of common stock as part of the purchase consideration in connection with the acquisitions of iPro and Cornerstone. Refer to Note 4 for additional information about these acquisitions and the shares of common stock issued.

The Company has an outstanding equity-classified warrant issued to an underwriter in August 2020 (the “Underwriter Warrant”) to purchase 240,100 shares of common stock. The Underwriter Warrant is exercisable at a per share exercise price of $11.00 and is exercisable at any time through August 4, 2025. As of September 30, 2022, no portion of the Underwriter Warrant has been exercised or expired.

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 13. Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation related to the Company’s stock plans was as follows (amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Commission and other agent-related cost | ​ | $ | 476 | ​ | $ | 470 | ​ | $ | 2,102 | ​ | $ | 1,359
Operations and support | ​ | ​ | 509 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 949 | ​ | ​ | 167
Technology and development | ​ |  | 125 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 203 | ​ |  | 573
General and administrative | ​ | ​ | 932 | ​ | ​ | 295 | ​ | ​ | 3,010 | ​ | ​ | 687
Marketing | ​ | ​ | 81 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 206 | ​ | ​ | 47
Total stock-based compensation | ​ | $ | 2,123 | ​ | $ | 770 | ​ | $ | 6,470 | ​ | $ | 2,833

​

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company capitalized approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense associated with the cost of developing software for internal use. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company capitalized approximately $0.1 million of stock-based compensation expense associated with the cost of developing software for internal use.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company accrued $0.3 million and $0.23 million of stock compensation expense related to stock compensation earned but yet to be issued to agents. At September 30, 2022, a total of $0.5 million related to agent grant liabilities is included in accrued compensation.

At September 30, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards was $10.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 1.37 years.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 662,217 restricted stock awards at a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $9.73.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 the Company granted 103,711 stock options at an exercise price of $8.22. At September 30, 2022, unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was $0.4 million which will be recognized over 0.87 years.

​

​

Note 14. Related Party Transactions

Marketing expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 includes approximately $0.1 million and, $0.1 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 includes approximately $0.4 million, respectively, from related parties in exchange for the Company receiving marketing services.

​

Note 15. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stock

Basic loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted loss per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method. Diluted loss per share excludes, when applicable, the potential impact of stock options, unvested shares of restricted stock awards, and common stock warrants because their effect would be anti-dilutive due to net loss.

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stock was as follows (amounts in thousands except share data):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Numerator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to common stock—basic and diluted | ​ | $ | (6,012) | ​ | $ | (3,373) | ​ | $ | (17,678) | ​ | $ | (8,865)
Denominator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted-average basic and diluted shares outstanding | ​ | ​ | 15,804,644 | ​ | ​ | 14,312,675 | ​ | ​ | 16,054,025 | ​ | ​ | 13,948,862
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss per share attributable to common stock—basic and diluted | ​ | $ | (0.38) | ​ | $ | (0.24) | ​ | $ | (1.10) | ​ | $ | (0.64)

​

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to common stock for the periods presented because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Stock options | ​ | 147,707 | ​ | 43,996 | ​ | 147,707 | ​ | 43,966
Non-vested restricted stock awards | ​ | 1,186,136 | ​ | 529,997 | ​ | 1,186,136 | ​ | 529,997
Common stock warrants | ​ | 240,100 | ​ | 240,100 | ​ | 240,100 | ​ | 240,100

​

​

Note 16. Income Taxes

In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company used the annual effective tax rate applied to year-to-date income. The Company’s annual estimated effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state taxes, permanent differences, and changes in the Company’s valuation allowance. The income tax effects of unusual or infrequent items including a change in the valuation allowance as a result of a change in judgment regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate and are required to be discretely recognized in the interim period they occur.

The Company has historically maintained a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets and reported only minimal current state tax expense. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded income tax expense of approximately $0.0 and $185,000 respectively. The Company expects to maintain a valuation allowance on current year remaining net deferred tax assets by year-end due to historical operating losses.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of approximately $0.2 million and $2.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The tax benefit was primarily the result of the release of the valuation allowance against historical deferred tax assets and recognition of benefit from the current year projected loss. Net deferred tax liabilities of approximately $3.3 million recorded in connection with the E4:9 Holdings, Inc. and LiveBy, Inc. acquisitions provided a source of taxable income to support the realizability of approximately $1.6 million of pre-existing deferred tax assets, as well as deferred tax assets from the projected loss for the year ended December 31, 2021. The taxable temporary differences relating to the amortizable intangible assets supported the realization of the net operating loss carryforwards. As a result of the transactions, the Company discretely released the historical valuation allowance and recognized a deferred tax benefit on a portion of losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

​

Note 17. Segment Reporting

The Company’s three reportable segments are Real Estate Brokerage, Mortgage and Technology. Through its Real Estate Brokerage segment, the Company provides real estate brokerage services. Through its Mortgage segment, the Company provides residential loan origination and underwriting services. Through its Technology segment, the Company provides SaaS solutions and data mining for third party customers to develop its intelliAgent platform for current use by the Company’s real estate agents.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA are the primary measures used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to evaluate financial performance of the reportable segments and to allocate resources. Adjusted EBITDA represents the revenues of the operating segment less operating expenses directly attributable to the respective operating segment. Adjusted EBITDA is defined by the Company as net income (loss), excluding other expense, costs related to acquisitions, income tax benefit, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation expense. In particular, the Company believes the exclusion of non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards and stock options and transaction-related costs provides a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company’s operations and provides better transparency into its results of operations. The Company’s presentation of Adjusted EBITDA might not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.

The Company does not allocate assets to its reportable segments as they are not included in the review performed by the CODM for purposes of assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The balance sheet is managed on a consolidated basis and is not used in the context of segment reporting. The Company has included the results of the acquisitions during the reported periods from the acquisition date of the respective acquisition.

Key operating data for the reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are set forth in the tables below (amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | Revenue
​ | ​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Real Estate Brokerage | ​ | $ | 104,977 | ​ | $ | 95,300 | ​ | $ | 311,074 | ​ | $ | 224,702
Mortgage | ​ | ​ | 2,839 | ​ | ​ | 2,623 | ​ | ​ | 8,345 | ​ | ​ | 4,125
Technology | ​ | ​ | 702 | ​ | ​ | 679 | ​ | ​ | 2,003 | ​ | ​ | 1,278
Corporate and other services (a) | ​ | ​ | 2,746 | ​ | ​ | 2,338 | ​ | ​ | 8,104 | ​ | ​ | 4,664
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 111,264 | ​ | $ | 100,940 | ​ | $ | 329,526 | ​ | $ | 234,769

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Adjusted EBITDA
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Real Estate Brokerage | ​ | $ | 576 | ​ | $ | 199 |  | $ | 3,311 |  | $ | 188
Mortgage | ​ | ​ | (406) | ​ |  | (101) |  |  | (1,726) |  |  | (991)
Technology | ​ | ​ | (372) | ​ |  | 56 |  |  | (1,091) |  |  | (566)
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA | ​ | ​ | (202) | ​ |  | 154 |  |  | 494 |  |  | (1,369)
Corporate and other services (a) | ​ | ​ | (2,123) | ​ |  | (1,961) |  |  | (6,801) |  |  | (4,755)
Total Company Adjusted EBITDA | ​ | ​ | (2,325) | ​ | ​ | (1,807) |  | ​ | (6,307) |  | ​ | (6,124)
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 1,436 | ​ | ​ | 931 | ​ | ​ | 3,839 | ​ | ​ | 1,778
Other expense (income), net | ​ | ​ | 115 | ​ |  | (102) |  |  | 804 |  |  | (190)
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | (210) |  |  | 185 |  |  | (2,820)
Stock based compensation | ​ | ​ | 2,123 | ​ |  | 770 |  |  | 6,470 |  |  | 2,833
Transaction-related costs | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ |  | 177 |  | ​ | 73 | ​ | ​ | 1,140
Net loss | ​ | $ | (6,012) | ​ | $ | (3,373) | ​ | $ | (17,678) |  | $ | (8,865)

(a) | Transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Such amounts are eliminated through the Corporate and other services line.

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FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 18. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time the Company is involved in litigation, claims, and other proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Such litigation and other proceedings may include, but are not limited to, actions relating to employment law and misclassification of employees versus independent contractors, intellectual property, commercial or contractual claims, brokerage or real estate disputes, or other consumer protection statutes, ordinary-course brokerage disputes like the failure to disclose property defects, commission disputes, and various liabilities based upon conduct of individuals or entities outside of the Company’s control, including agents and third party contractor agents. Litigation and other disputes are inherently unpredictable and subject to substantial uncertainties and unfavorable resolutions could occur. As of September 30, 2022, there was no material litigation against the Company.

In conducting its operations, the Company routinely holds customers’ assets in escrow, pending completion of real estate transactions, and is responsible for the proper disposition of these balances for its customers. Certain of these amounts are maintained in segregated bank accounts and have not been included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consistent with GAAP and industry practice. The balances amounted to $1.3 million and $2.3 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Encompass Net Worth Requirements

In order to maintain approval from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to operate as a Title II non-supervised mortgagee, our indirect subsidiary Encompass is required to maintain adjusted net worth of $1,000,000 and must maintain liquid assets (cash, cash equivalents, or readily convertible instruments) of 20% of the required net worth. As of September 30, 2022, Encompass had adjusted net worth of approximately $3.7 million and liquid assets of $4.3 million.

Commitments to Extend Credit

Encompass enters into IRLCs with borrowers who have applied for residential mortgage loans and have met certain credit and underwriting criteria. These commitments expose Encompass to market risk if interest rates change and the underlying loan is not economically hedged or committed to a purchaser. Encompass is also exposed to credit loss if the loan is originated and not sold to a purchaser and the mortgagor does not perform. The collateral upon extension of credit typically includes a first deed of trust in the mortgagor’s residential property. Commitments to originate loans do not necessarily reflect future cash requirements as commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon.

Regulatory Commitments

Encompass is subject to periodic audits and examinations, both formal and informal in nature, from various federal and state agencies, including those made as part of the regulatory oversight of mortgage origination, servicing and financing activities. Such audits and examinations could result in additional actions, penalties or fines by state or federal government bodies, regulators or the courts.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Company’s consolidated operating results are affected by a wide variety of factors that could materially and adversely affect revenues and profitability, including the risk factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended (the “Form 10-K”), and any risk factors described in this quarterly report. As a result of these and other factors, the Company may experience material fluctuations in future operating results on a quarterly or annual basis, which could materially and adversely affect its business, consolidated financial condition, liquidity, operating results, and common stock prices. Furthermore, this quarterly report, the Form 10-K and other documents filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) contain certain forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“Forward-Looking Statements”) with respect to the business of the Company. Forward-Looking Statements are necessarily subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Forward-Looking Statements can be identified by such words as “anticipate,” “believe,” “goals,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue,” “forecast” and similar references to future periods. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs, plans and objectives and regarding the anticipated impact of COVID-19 and other global forces are Forward-Looking Statements. These Forward-Looking Statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in the Form 10-K and in any risk factors described in this quarterly report, which could cause actual results to differ materially from these Forward-Looking Statements. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these Forward-Looking Statements which may be necessary to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Any Forward-Looking Statement made by the Company is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made.

The terms the “Company,” “Fathom,” “we,” “us,” and “our” as used in this report refer to Fathom Holdings Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise specified.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes set forth in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our MD&A set forth in the Form 10-K, and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes set forth in the Form 10-K. See Part I, Item 1.A of the Form 10-K, Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” below, and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information,” above, and the information referenced therein, for a description of risks that we face and important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. All statements herein regarding the likely impact of COVID-19 and other potential risks constitute forward-looking statements. When we cross-reference to a “Note,” we are referring to our “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” unless the context indicates otherwise. All amounts noted within the tables are in thousands except per share amounts or where otherwise noted and percentages are approximate due to rounding.

Overview

Fathom Realty LLC was originally founded in January of 2010 and later incorporated as Fathom Holdings Inc. in the state of North Carolina on May 5, 2017. We are a national, technology-driven, real estate services platform integrating residential brokerage, mortgage, title, insurance, and Software as a Service (“SaaS”) offerings to brokerages and agents by leveraging our proprietary cloud-based software, intelliAgent. The Company’s brands include Fathom Realty, Dagley Insurance, Encompass Lending, intelliAgent, LiveBy, Real Results, and Verus Title.

Fathom Realty Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Fathom Realty”), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fathom Holdings Inc. Fathom Realty owns 100% of 35 subsidiaries, each an LLC representing the state in which the entity operates (e.g., Fathom Realty NJ, LLC).

Our reportable segments are Real Estate Brokerage, Mortgage and Technology.

Corporate Developments During 2022 and 2021

In January 2022, the Company acquired Cornerstone, a real estate mortgage business that is expected to help expand the Company’s reach in the Washington DC and surrounding markets.

In February 2022, the Company acquired iPro, a real estate brokerage business that is expected to help expand the Company’s reach in the Utah real estate market.

In March 2021, the Company completed its acquisitions of Red Barn Real Estate, LLC (“Red Barn”) and Naberly Inc. (“Naberly”). The acquisition of Red Barn, a real estate brokerage business, is expected to help us to expand our reach in the Atlanta region real estate market. The acquisition of Naberly is facilitating our further development of our proprietary intelliAgent platform to enhance offerings and improve operational efficiency.

In April 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of E4:9 Holdings, Inc. (“E4:9”). The acquisition of E4:9 is part of our vision to build a vertically integrated, end-to-end real estate operation by offering mortgage and insurance services to our agents to further serve our customers.

Also in April 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of LiveBy, Inc. (“LiveBy”). We believe the acquisition of LiveBy and its hyperlocal data and technology platform builds credibility for our real estate agents in their respective geographic areas by showcasing their local expertise and helping customers discover the best locations in which to live.

In June 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Epic Realty (“Epic”). The acquisition of Epic, a real estate brokerage business, should help us to expand our reach in the Idaho real estate market. We further augmented our realty presence in Idaho with the addition of Woodhouse Group Realty (“Woodhouse”) in November 2021.

In November 2021, the Company completed an offering of common stock, which resulted in the issuance and sale by the Company of 1,750,000 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $25.00 per share, generating gross proceeds of approximately $35 million, of which the Company received approximately $32.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and other offering costs (the “2021 Equity Offering”).

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COVID-19 and Other Risks

Our business is dependent on the economic conditions within the markets in which we operate. Changes in these conditions can have a positive or negative impact on our business. The economic conditions influencing the housing markets primarily include economic growth, interest rates, unemployment, consumer confidence, mortgage availability, and supply and demand.

In periods of economic growth, demand typically increases resulting in increasing home sales transactions and home sales prices. Similarly, a decline in economic growth, increasing interest rates and declining consumer confidence generally decreases demand. These are the trends we are currently facing. Additionally, regulations imposed by local, state, and federal government agencies can also negatively impact the housing markets in which we operate. Finally, national and global events, including geopolitical instability, that impact economic conditions and financial markets, including interest rates, can adversely impact the housing market.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was identified in Wuhan, China. This new coronavirus has caused a global health emergency and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 (“COVID-19’’ or the “Pandemic”). In an effort to contain and slow the spread of COVID-19, governments implemented various measures, such as, ordering non-essential businesses to close, issuing travel advisories, cancelling large scale public events, ordering residents to shelter in place, and requiring the public to practice social distancing. In most states, real estate has been considered an essential business. The emergence and spread of the Delta and Omicron variants of COVID-19 or other more transmissible variants may extend the impact of COVID-19 on our business.

We are continually monitoring the affects COVID-19 could have on our business. We believe that in the states and regions in which we operate the social and economic impacts, which include, but are not limited to, the following, could have a significant bearing on our future financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations: (i) restrictions on in-person activities associated with residential real estate transactions arising from shelter-in-place, or similar isolation orders; (ii) decline in consumer demand for in-person interactions and physical home tours; and (iii) deteriorating economic conditions, such as increased unemployment rates, recessionary conditions, lower yields on individual investment portfolios, and more stringent mortgage financing conditions. In response to COVID-19, the Company implemented cost-saving measures early on to include the elimination of non-essential travel and in-person training activities, and deferral of certain planned expenditures.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, and the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due in part to the widespread availability of multiple COVID-19 vaccines, the effects of the COVID-19 on business worldwide lessened. However, the continuing impact from COVID-19, as well as the Ukraine conflict, including inflationary pressure in the U.S. and world economies due to supply chain and other issues, including recent increases in interest rates, is not fully known and cannot be estimated as the U.S. and global economies continue to react.

The impact of COVID-19 to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, has been minimal. Despite the ongoing Pandemic, the Company’s transactions and base of agents increased during 2021 and the first nine months of 2022. However, while the Company believes it is well positioned in times of economic uncertainty, it is not able to estimate the effects of COVID-19 on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for the year ending December 31, 2022 the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and beyond. If the Pandemic continues, it might have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations, as would the economic policies enacted in the United States and other countries in response to the Pandemic, as well as world conditions resulting from the Pandemic.

Real Estate Agents

Due to our low-overhead business model, which leverages our proprietary technology, we can offer our agents the ability to keep significantly more of their commissions compared to traditional real estate brokerage firms. We believe we offer our agents some of the best technology, training, and support available in the industry. We believe our business model and our focus on treating our agents well will attract more agents and higher-producing agents.

We had the following number of agents as of:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |
Agents |  | 9,991 |  | 7,536 |  | 33 | %

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Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue primarily consists of commissions generated from real estate brokerage services. We also have other service revenue, including mortgage lending, title insurance, home and other insurance, and SaaS revenues.

Gross commission income

We recognize commission-based revenue on the closing of a transaction, less the amount of any closing-cost reductions. Revenue is affected by the number of real estate transactions we close, the mix of transactions, home sale prices, and commission rates.

Other Services Revenue

Mortgage Lending

We recognize revenue streams for our mortgage lending services business which are primarily comprised of loans sold, origination and other fees.

The gain on sale of mortgage loans represents the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying value of the mortgage loans sold and includes the servicing rights release premiums.

Servicing rights release premiums represent one-time fee revenues earned for transferring the risk and rewards of ownership of servicing rights to third parties.

Retail origination fees are principally revenues earned from loan originations and recorded in the statement of operations in other service revenue. Direct loan origination costs and expenses associated with the loans are charged to expenses when the loans are sold. Interest income is interest earned on originated loans prior to the sale of the asset.

Insurance Agency Service Revenues

The revenue streams for the Company’s home and other insurance agency services business are primarily comprised of new and renewal commissions paid by insurance carriers. The transaction price is set as the estimated commissions to be received over the term of the policy based upon an estimate of premiums placed, policy changes and cancellations, net of restraint. The commissions are earned at the point in time upon the effective date of the associated policies when control of the policy transfers to the client.

The Company is also eligible for certain contingent commissions from insurers based on the attainment of specific metrics (i.e., volume growth, loss ratios) related to underlying polices placed. Revenue for contingent commissions is estimated based on historical and current evidence of achievement towards each insurer’s annual respective metrics and is recorded as the underlying policies that contribute to the achievement are placed. Due to the uncertainty of the amount of contingent consideration that will be received, the estimated revenue is constrained to an amount that is probable to not have a significant negative adjustment. Contingent consideration is generally received in the first quarter of the subsequent year.

Title Services Revenues

Title services revenue includes fees charged for title search and examination, property settlement and title insurance services provided in association with property acquisitions and refinance transactions.

SaaS Revenues

The Company generates revenue from subscription and services related to the use of the LiveBy platform. The SaaS contracts are generally annual contracts paid monthly in advance of service and cancellable upon 30 days’ notice after the first year. The Company’s subscription arrangements do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the platform. Subscription revenue, which includes support, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable contractual term of the arrangement, generally beginning on the date that the Company’s service is made available to the customer and is recorded as other service revenue in the statement of operations.

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Operating Expenses

Commission and other agent-related costs

Commission and other agent-related costs consists primarily of agent commissions, less fees paid to us by our agents, order fulfillment, share-based compensation for agents, title searches, and direct cost to fulfill the services provided. We expect commission and other agent-related costs to continue to rise in proportion to the expected growth in our operations.

Operations and support

Operations and support consist primarily of direct cost to fulfill the services from our mortgage lending, title services, insurance services and other services provided. We expect operations and support to continue to rise in proportion to the expected growth in our operations.

Technology and development

Technology and development expenses primarily include personnel costs, including base pay, bonuses, benefits, and share based compensation, related to ongoing development and maintenance of our proprietary software for use by our agents, customers, and support staff. Technology and development expenses also include amortization of capitalized software and development costs, data licenses, other software, and equipment costs, as well as infrastructure and operational expenses, such as, for data centers, communication, and hosted services.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including base pay, bonuses, benefits, and share based compensation, and fees for professional services. Professional services principally consist of external legal, audit, and tax services. In the short term, we expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars due to the anticipated growth of our business and to meet the increased compliance requirements associated with operation as a public company. However, in the long term, we anticipate general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time, if and as we are able to increase revenue.

Marketing

Marketing expenses consist primarily of expenses for online and traditional advertising, as well as costs for marketing and promotional materials. Advertising costs are expensed as they are incurred. We expect marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to expand our advertising programs, including promotion of our newly acquired business lines and we anticipate marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time, if and as we are able to increase revenue.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization represent the depreciation charged on our fixed assets and intangible assets other than capitalized software. Depreciation expense is recorded on a straight-line method, based on estimated useful lives of five years for computer hardware, seven years for furniture and equipment and seven years for vehicles. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the life of the lease term or the useful life of the improvements. Amortization expense consists of amortization recorded on acquisition-related intangible assets, excluding purchased software. Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated basis, which coincides with the period of economic benefit we expect to receive. All other finite-lived intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the expected benefit. Purchased software and capitalized software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the expected benefit and the respective amortization expense is included in technology and development expense. In accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), we do not amortize goodwill.

Income Taxes

We have not recorded any U.S. federal or state tax benefits for the net losses incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to our uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands)

Revenue

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Change | ​
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Dollars |  | Percentage |
Gross commission income | ​ | $ | 104,977 | ​ | $ | 95,300 | ​ | $ | 9,677 | ​ | 10 | %
Other service revenue | ​ | ​ | 6,287 | ​ | ​ | 5,640 | ​ | ​ | 647 |  | 11 | %
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 111,264 | ​ | $ | 100,940 | ​ | $ | 10,324 | ​ | 10 | %

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For the three months ended September 30, 2022, gross commission income increased by approximately $9.7 million or 10%, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in transaction volume and to an increase in average revenue per transaction due to rising home prices. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, transaction volume increased by 5% to approximately 12,077 transactions compared to approximately 11,500 transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Our transaction volume increased primarily due to the organic growth in the number of agents contracted with us and agents acquired through the acquisitions of Red Barn, Epic, and iPro. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, average revenue per transaction increased by 5% to $8,692 from $8,288 during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, other service revenue was approximately $6.2 million, an increase of $0.6 million, or 11%, over the three months ended September 30, 2021, and was primarily attributable to increases in insurance revenues and higher LiveBy sales.

Operating Expenses

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Change | ​
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Dollars |  | Percentage |
Commission and other agent-related costs | ​ | $ | 99,448 | ​ | $ | 91,263 | ​ | $ | 8,185 |  | 9 | %
Operations and support | ​ | ​ | 2,420 | ​ | ​ | 2,029 | ​ | ​ | 391 | ​ | 19 | %
Technology and development | ​ | ​ | 1,456 | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​ | ​ | 885 | ​ | 155 | %
General and administrative | ​ | ​ | 11,528 | ​ | ​ | 9,582 | ​ | ​ | 1,946 | ​ | 20 | %
Marketing | ​ | ​ | 1,457 | ​ | ​ | 591 | ​ | ​ | 866 | ​ | 147 | %
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 852 | ​ | ​ | 589 | ​ | ​ | 263 | ​ | 45 | %
Total operating expenses | ​ | $ | 117,161 | ​ | $ | 104,625 | ​ | $ | 12,536 | ​ | 12 | %

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For the three months ended September 30, 2022, commission and other agent-related costs increased by approximately $8.2 million, or 9%, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2021. Commission and other agent-related costs primarily includes costs related to agent commissions, net of fees paid to us by our agents. These costs generally correlate with recognized revenues. As such, the increase in commission and other agent-related costs compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily attributable to an increase in agent commissions paid due to higher transaction volume and rising home prices.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, operations and support expenses were approximately $2.4 million as compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The $0.4 million, or 19%, increase is primarily due to an increase in non-cash stock compensation expense,

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, technology and development expenses increased by approximately $0.9 million, or 155%, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to our ongoing investment in our intelliAgent platform and our LiveBy business acquired in April 2021. See Note 4 for detailed information about this acquisition.

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For the three months ended September 30, 2022, general and administrative expense increased by approximately $1.9 million, or 41%, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to recently completed acquisitions and to increases in non-cash stock compensation expense. It is anticipated that general and administrative expense, excluding non-cash stock compensation expense, will decrease on an absolute dollar basis going forward driven by management’s strategic cost cutting measures.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, marketing expense increased by approximately $0.9 million, or 147%, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was attributable to an increase in direct advertising costs primarily related to the Company’s expansion in new regions and markets and to promoting its businesses acquired in 2022 and 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $0.3 million, or 45%, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is due to the incremental amortization of the intangible assets (other than capitalized and purchased software for which amortization is included in technology and development expense) recorded in connection with our acquisitions in early 2022.

Income Taxes

The Company recorded no income tax expense and an income tax benefit of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily the result of recognition of benefit from the projected loss for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands)

Revenue

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Change |
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Dollars |  | Percentage |
Gross commission income | ​ | $ | 311,074 | ​ | $ | 224,703 | ​ | $ | 86,371 |  | 38 | %
Other service revenue | ​ |  | 18,452 | ​ |  | 10,066 | ​ |  | 8,386 |  | 83 | %
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 329,526 | ​ | $ | 234,769 | ​ | $ | 94,757 |  | 40 | %

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, gross commission income increased by approximately $86.4, or 38%, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in transaction volume and to an increase in average revenue per transaction due to rising home prices. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, transaction volume increased by 25% to approximately 35,464 transactions compared to approximately 28,400 transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our transaction volume increased primarily due to our expanding agent base which grew by approximately 33%, due to the Company acquiring agents via acquisitions of iPro, Red Barn and Epic and to our heightened agent recruiting efforts.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other service revenue was approximately $18.5 million, an increase of $8.4 million, or 83%, over the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and was attributable to the Company’s acquisitions of E4:9 and LiveBy in April 2021. and Cornerstone in January 2022. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements in the Form 10-K for detailed information about these acquisitions.

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Operating Expenses

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Change | ​
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Dollars |  | Percentage |
Commission and other agent-related costs | ​ | $ | 295,237 | ​ | $ | 214,392 | ​ | $ | 80,845 | ​ | 38 | %
Operations and support | ​ | ​ | 6,192 | ​ | ​ | 3,781 | ​ | ​ | 2,411 | ​ | 64 | %
Technology and development | ​ | ​ | 3,931 | ​ | ​ | 1,912 | ​ | ​ | 2,019 | ​ | 106 | %
General and administrative | ​ | ​ | 34,669 | ​ | ​ | 24,139 | ​ | ​ | 10,530 |  | 44 | %
Marketing | ​ |  | 3,948 | ​ |  | 1,371 | ​ |  | 2,577 |  | 188 | %
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 2,238 | ​ | ​ | 1,049 | ​ | ​ | 1,189 | ​ | 113 | %
Total operating expenses | ​ | $ | 346,215 | ​ | $ | 246,644 | ​ | $ | 99,571 |  | 40 | %

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, commission and other agent-related costs increased by approximately $80.8 million, or 38%, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Commission and other agent-related costs primarily includes costs related to agent commissions, net of fees paid to us by our agents. These costs are generally correlated with recognized revenues. As such, the increase in commission and other agent-related costs compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily attributable to an increase in agent commissions paid due to higher transaction volume and rising home prices.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, operations and support expenses were approximately $6.2 million as compared with $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The higher expenses in the 2022 period were primarily attributable to the Company’s acquisitions of E4:9 and LiveBy in April 2021, including increases in related non-cash stock compensation expense. See Note 4 for detailed information about these acquisitions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, technology and development expenses increased by approximately $2.0 million, or 106%, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was attributable to having a full nine months of operations and amortization expense of our LiveBy business acquired in April 2021 and to our ongoing investment in our intelliAgent platform.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $10.5 million, or 44%, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to our 2021 and 2022 completed acquisitions and to increases in non-cash stock compensation expense. It is anticipated that general and administrative expense, excluding non-cash stock compensation expense, will decrease on an absolute dollar basis going forward, driven by management’s strategic cost cutting measures.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, marketing expenses increased by approximately $2.6 million, or 188%, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in direct advertising costs and incremental compensation for new hires primarily related to the Company’s expansion in new regions and markets and to promoting its businesses acquired in 2022 and 2021.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, depreciation and amortization expenses increased by approximately $1.2 million, or 113%, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is due to the amortization of the intangible assets (other than capitalized and purchased software for which amortization is included in technology and development expense) recorded in connection with the acquisitions in 2022 and 2021 as well as an increase in depreciation expense due to an increase in our depreciable asset base.

Income Taxes

The Company recorded income tax expense of $0.2 million and an income tax benefit of $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is primarily the result of current state income tax liabilities. The tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is primarily the result of the release of the valuation allowance against historical deferred tax assets and recognition of benefit from the current year projected loss. Net deferred tax liabilities of $3.3 million recorded in connection with the E4:9 and LiveBy acquisitions provide a source of taxable income to support the realization of $1.6 million of pre-existing deferred tax assets, as well as deferred tax assets from the projected loss for the year ended December 31, 2021. The taxable temporary differences relating to the amortizable intangible assets support the realization of the net operating loss carryforwards. As a result of the transactions, the Company discretely released the historical valuation allowance and recognized a deferred tax benefit on a portion of 2021 losses.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Resources

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | Change |
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Dollars |  | Percentage |
Current assets | ​ | $ | 32,822 | ​ | $ | 54,450 |  | $ | (21,628) |  | (40) | %
Current liabilities | ​ |  | 20,681 | ​ |  | 21,072 |  | ​ | (391) |  | (2) | %
Net working capital | ​ | $ | 12,141 | ​ | $ | 33,378 |  | $ | (21,237) |  | (64) | %

​

To date, our principal sources of liquidity have been revenues and the net proceeds we received through public offerings and private sales of our common stock, as well as proceeds from loans. As of September 30, 2022, our cash totaled approximately $14.5 million, which represented a decrease of $23.3 million compared to December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, we had net working capital of approximately $12.1 million, which represented a decrease of $21.2 million compared to December 31, 2021. We anticipate that our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents and future expected cash flows generated from our operations will be sufficient to satisfy our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months from the date of the issuance of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including any future acquisitions, our level of investment in technology, and our rate of growth into new markets. Our capital requirements might also be affected by factors which we cannot control such as the residential real estate market, interest rates, and other monetary and fiscal policy changes, any of which could adversely affect the manner in which we currently operate. Additionally, as the impact of COVID-19 and other world events, such as the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, on the economy and our operations evolves, we will continuously assess our liquidity needs. In the event of a sustained market deterioration, we may need or seek advantageously to obtain additional funding through equity or debt financing, which might not be available on favorable terms or at all and could hinder our business and dilute our existing shareholders.

Cash Flows

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands)

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ​ | Change |
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Dollars |  | Percentage |
Net cash used in operating activities | ​ | $ | (6,470) | ​ | $ | (6,570) | ​ | $ | 100 |  | (2) | %
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ | $ | (5,933) | ​ | $ | (13,562) | ​ | $ | 7,629 |  | 56 | %
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | ​ | $ | (10,836) | ​ | $ | 2,893 | ​ | $ | (13,729) |  | (475) | %

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted of a net loss of $17.7 million, non-cash charges of $11.9 million, including $6.5 million of stock-based compensation expense and $3.8 million of depreciation and amortization and 1.6 million in lease expense, partially offset by $3.8 million in gains on the sales of mortgages. Changes in assets and liabilities were primarily driven by a $8.0 million net decrease in proceeds from the sales and principal payments on mortgage loans held for sale, partially offset by a $2.1 increase in prepaids and other current assets, a $0.7 million increase in accounts receivable and a $2.2 million combined decrease in operating lease liabilities, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 consisted of a net loss of $8.9 million, non-cash charges of $1.4 million, including $2.8 million of share-based compensation expense, $0.2 million of bad debt, $0.1 million of gain on extinguishment of debt, and $1.8 million of depreciation and amortization, offset by $3.3 million in gains on the sales of mortgages and $2.9 million in deferred income taxes. Changes in assets and liabilities were primarily driven by a $0.4 million increase in accounts payable due primarily to the increase in agent transaction volume, a $1.8 million increase in accrued liabilities, a $2.4 million increase in escrow liabilities, and $0.7 million change in mortgage loans held for sale; partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in accounts receivable and a $0.8 million increase in prepaid and other current assets.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted of $2.5 million for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired, $1.0 million for purchases of property and equipment and $2.5 million for purchases of intangible assets.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 consisted of $11.0 million for the purchases of businesses and assets, net of cash acquired, $0.6 million for purchases of property and equipment, and $2.0 million for purchase of tangible assets.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted primarily of the change of $5.5 million on our warehouse lines of credit, net of the effect of the Cornerstone acquisition, $6.0 million in repurchase of common stock and $0.8 million in principal payments on notes payable.

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 consisted primarily of $2.4 million in net proceeds on our warehouse line of credit and $0.9 million in proceeds from notes payable, offset by $0.4 million in principal payments on notes payable.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE

To supplement our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), we use Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, to understand and evaluate our core operating performance. This non-GAAP financial measure, which may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies, is presented to enhance investors’ overall understanding of our financial performance and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.

We define the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), excluding other (income) expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, transaction costs and stock-based compensation expense.

We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information about our financial performance, enhances the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects, and allows for greater transparency with respect to a key metric used by our management for financial and operational decision-making. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA helps identify underlying trends in our business that otherwise could be masked by the effect of the expenses that we exclude in Adjusted EBITDA. In particular, we believe the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards and stock options and transaction-related costs associated with our acquisition activity provides a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of our operations and provides better transparency into our results of operations. Adjusted EBITDA also excludes other income and expense, net which primarily includes nonrecurring items, such as, gain on debt extinguishment and severance costs, if applicable.

We are presenting the non-GAAP measure of Adjusted EBITDA to assist investors in seeing our financial performance through the eyes of management, and because we believe this measure provides an additional tool for investors to use in comparing our core financial performance over multiple periods with other companies in our industry.

Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of Adjusted EBITDA compared to net income (loss), the closest comparable GAAP measure. Some of these limitations are that:

| ● | Adjusted EBITDA excludes stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards and stock options, which have been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, significant recurring expenses in our business and an important part of our compensation strategy;

| ● | Adjusted EBITDA excludes transaction-related costs primarily consisting of professional fees and any other costs incurred directly related to acquisition activity, which is an ongoing part of our growth strategy and therefore likely to be reoccurring; and

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| ● | Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain recurring, non-cash charges such as depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized software costs, however, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP financial measure, for each of the periods presented (amounts in thousands):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net loss | ​ | $ | (6,012) | ​ | $ | (3,373) | ​ | $ | (17,678) | ​ | $ | (8,865)
Other expense (income), net | ​ |  | 115 | ​ |  | (102) | ​ |  | 804 | ​ |  | (190)
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (210) | ​ |  | 185 | ​ |  | (2,820)
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 1,436 | ​ |  | 931 | ​ |  | 3,839 | ​ |  | 1,778
Transaction-related cost | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | 177 | ​ | ​ | 73 | ​ | ​ | 1,140
Stock based compensation | ​ |  | 2,123 | ​ |  | 770 | ​ |  | 6,470 | ​ |  | 2,833
Adjusted EBITDA | ​ | $ | (2,325) | ​ | $ | (1,807) | ​ | $ | (6,307) | ​ | $ | (6,124)

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, revenue, and expenses at the date of the financial statements. Generally, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions in accordance with GAAP that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Critical accounting estimates are those that we consider the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations because they require our most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for its business combinations under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805-10, Business Combinations (“ASC 805-10”), which requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. For transactions that are business combinations, the Company evaluates the existence of goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the tangible net assets and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. ASC 805-10 also specifies criteria that intangible assets acquired in a business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combinations and are expensed as incurred.

The estimated fair value of net assets acquired, including the allocation of the fair value to identifiable assets and liabilities, was determined using established valuation techniques. A fair value measurement is determined as the price we would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In the context of purchase accounting, the determination of fair value often involves significant judgments and estimates by management, including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenues, costs and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. The estimated fair values reflected in the purchase accounting rely on management’s judgment and the expertise of a third-party valuation firm engaged to assist in concluding on the fair value measurements. For each business combination completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets, primarily consisting of agent relationships and tradenames, was determined using the relief-from-royalty and multi-period excess earnings methods. The most significant assumptions under these methods include the estimated remaining useful life, expected future revenue, annual agent revenue attrition, costs to develop new agents, charges for contributory assets, tax rate, discount rate and tax amortization benefit. Management has developed these assumptions on the basis of historical knowledge of the business and projected financial information of the Company. These assumptions may vary based on future events, perceptions of different market participants and other factors outside the control of management, and such variations may be significant to estimated values.

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The determination and allocation of fair values to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on various assumptions and valuation methodologies requiring considerable management judgment. The most significant variables in these valuations are discount rates and the number of years on which to base the cash flow projections, as well as other assumptions and estimates used to determine the cash inflows and outflows. Management determines discount rates based on the risk inherent in the acquired assets, specific risks, industry beta and capital structure of guideline companies. The valuation of an acquired business is based on available information at the acquisition date and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. However, a change in facts and circumstances as of the acquisition date can result in subsequent adjustments during the measurement period, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

Recent Accounting Standards

For information on recent accounting standards, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

JOBS Act Transition Period

In April 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

Subject to certain conditions, as an emerging growth company, we may rely on certain other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements under the JOBS Act. Certain of these exemptions are, including without limitation, from the requirements of (i) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; and (ii) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier to occur of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO in 2020, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenues of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior September 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, and our President and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

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(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, and our President and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter.

We are in the process of implementing new accounting systems. We have updated and continue to update our processes related to internal control over financial reporting, as necessary, to accommodate applicable changes in our business processes resulting from the implementation of the new accounting systems.

There were no changes, other than described above, in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are not involved in any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of our executive officers, threatened against or affecting our Company or our officers or directors in their capacities as such.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Other than continued inflation and increases in interest rates during the year, there have been no material changes to the risk factors that we have previously disclosed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022. The risks described in our Annual Report are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or future results of operations and the trading price of our common stock.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Recent Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

On March 10, 2022, the Company’s board of directors authorized an expenditure of up to $10.0 million for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock in open market transactions effected through a broker-dealer at prevailing market prices, in block trades, or in privately negotiated transactions. The Company may also repurchase shares of its common stock pursuant to a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act which would permit shares of the Company’s common stock to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so by law. The share repurchase authorization does not have a fixed expiration. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any particular amount of common stock, and it could be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time. The timing and amount of repurchases will be determined by the Company’s management based on a variety of factors such as the market price of the Company’s common stock, the Company’s liquidity requirements, and overall market conditions. The stock repurchase program will be subject to applicable legal requirements, including federal and state securities laws.

There were no equity repurchases for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased pursuant to the repurchase program is $3,956,936.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description
31.1+ | ​ | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| ​ |
31.2+ | ​ | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| ​ |
32.1+† ​ | ​ | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| ​ |
101** | ​ | Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; and (v) Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements.
​ | ​ | ​
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

+Filed herewith.

† | This certification is being furnished solely to accompany this Quarterly Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the registrant, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

** | In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10- Q is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| FATHOM HOLDINGS INC.
Date: November 8, 2022 | By: | /s/ Marco Fregenal
|  | Marco Fregenal
|  | President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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