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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies There have been no changes in significant accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, except as set forth below. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Items subject to the use of estimates include, but are not limited to, the standalone selling price for our products and services, our various digital asset transactions, stock-based compensation, useful lives of long-lived assets including intangibles, fair value of intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill, contingent consideration for our business combination with Lyte and periodic reassessment of fair value, allocating the fair value of purchase consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in our business combination, reserves and certain accrued liabilities, the benefit period of deferred commissions, assumptions used in Black-Scholes valuation method, such as the current trading price of our common stock at time of exercise of our warrant, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend rate and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements. Risks and Uncertainties Regulation governing blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, digital assets, utility tokens, security tokens and offerings of digital assets is uncertain, and new regulations or policies may materially adversely affect the development and the value of our tokens. Regulation of digital assets, like PhunCoin and PhunToken, cryptocurrencies, blockchain technologies and cryptocurrency exchanges, is evolving and likely to continue to evolve. Regulation also varies significantly among international, federal, state and local jurisdictions and is subject to significant uncertainty. Various legislative and executive bodies in the United States and in other countries may in the future adopt laws, regulations, or guidance, or take other actions, which may severely impact the permissibility of tokens generally and the technology behind them or the means of transaction or in transferring them. Any such violations could adversely affect the ability of us to maintain PhunCoin and PhunToken, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Failure by us to comply with any laws, rules and regulations, some of which may not exist yet or are subject to interpretation and may be subject to change, could also result in a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Concentrations of Credit Risk Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, trade accounts receivable and our digital asset holdings. There is currently no clearing house for our digital assets, including our bitcoin, ethereum or other digital asset holdings, nor is there a central or major depository for the custody of our digital assets. There is a risk that some or all of our digital asset holdings could be lost or stolen. There can be no assurance that the custodians will maintain adequate insurance or that such coverage will cover losses with respect to our digital asset holdings. Further, transactions denominated in digital assets are irrevocable. Stolen or incorrectly transferred digital assets may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly executed transactions could adversely our financial condition. The aggregate cost basis of our digital asset holdings was $42,280 and $41,964 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Although we limit our exposure to credit loss by depositing our cash with established financial institutions that management believes have good credit ratings and represent minimal risk of loss of principal, our deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable, and we believe the carrying value approximates fair value. The following table sets forth our concentration of accounts receivable, net of specific allowances for doubtful accounts.
| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Customer A | 24 | % |  | — | %
Customer B | 15 | % |  | — | %
Customer C | 5 | % |  | 18 | %
Customer D | — | % |  | 20 | %
Digital Assets Payments by customers in and purchases by us of digital assets were primarily of bitcoin and ethereum. We currently account for all digital assets held as a result of these transactions as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. We have ownership of and control over our digital assets and we may use third-party custodial services to secure them. The digital assets are initially recorded at cost and are subsequently remeasured, net of any impairment losses incurred since acquisition. We determine the fair value of our digital assets on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on quoted prices on the active exchange(s) that we have determined is the principal market for bitcoin, ethereum and other digital asset holdings (Level 1 inputs). We perform an analysis each quarter to identify whether events or changes in circumstances, principally decreases in the quoted prices on active exchanges, indicate that it is more likely than not that our digital assets are impaired. In determining if an impairment has occurred, we consider the lowest market price quoted on an active exchange since acquiring the respective digital asset. If the then current carrying value of a digital asset exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss has occurred with respect to those digital assets in the amount equal to the difference between their carrying values and the fair value. The impaired digital assets are written down to their fair value at the time of impairment and this new cost basis will not be adjusted upward for any subsequent increase in fair value. Gains are not recorded until realized upon sale. In determining the gain or loss to be recognized upon sale, we calculate the difference between the sales price and carrying value of the digital assets sold immediately prior to sale. Impairment losses and gains or losses on sales are recognized within other expense in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Impairment loss was $21,511 and $776 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following table sets forth our digital asset holdings as of September 30, 2022:
Asset | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Digital Asset Impairment |  | Digital Asset Carrying Value |  |  |  |
Bitcoin | $ | 37,882 |  |  | $ | (26,295) |  |  | $ | 11,587 |  |  |  |  |
Ether | 3,175 |  |  | (2,471) |  |  | 704 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 1,223 |  |  | (897) |  |  | 326 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 42,280 |  |  | $ | (29,663) |  |  | $ | 12,617 |  |  |  |  |
The following table sets forth our digital asset holdings as of December 31, 2021:
Asset | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Digital Asset Impairment |  | Digital Asset Carrying Value |  |  |  |
Bitcoin | $ | 36,963 |  |  | $ | (8,554) |  |  | $ | 28,409 |  |  |  |  |
Ethereum | 4,714 |  |  | (670) |  |  | 4,044 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 287 |  |  | (159) |  |  | 128 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 41,964 |  |  | $ | (9,383) |  |  | $ | 32,581 |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated digital asset impairment noted above represents impairment on the remaining cost lots as of the respective dates. Changes in our digital asset holdings for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows:
| Bitcoin |  | Ethereum |  | Other |  | Total |  |  |  |
Net balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 28,409 |  |  | $ | 4,044 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 32,581 |  |  |  |  |
Received from customers, net of expenses | 28 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 429 |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of digital assets | 923 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 923 |  |  |  |  |
Exchanges of digital assets | — |  |  | (911) |  |  | 911 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Other | 26 |  |  | 169 |  |  | — |  |  | 195 |  |  |  |  |
Impairment expense | (17,799) |  |  | (2,974) |  |  | (738) |  |  | (21,511) |  |  |  |  |
Net balance at September 30, 2022 | $ | 11,587 |  |  | $ | 704 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 12,617 |  |  |  |  |
Income (Loss) per Common Share Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Restricted shares subject to repurchase provisions relating to early exercises under our 2009 Equity Incentive Plan were excluded from basic shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock adjusted to include the effect of shares issuable pursuant to our convertible note(s), the exercise of in-the-money warrants and options and unvested restricted stock units, to the extent dilutive. Shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share when their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive or out-of-the-money. The following table sets forth common stock equivalents that have been excluded from the computation of dilutive weighted average shares outstanding as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Convertible notes | — |  | 19,324 |  | — |  | 19,324
Warrants | 5,636,801 |  | 7,676,112 |  | 5,636,801 |  | 7,676,112
Options | 984,729 |  | 207,257 |  | 984,729 |  | 1,117,697
Restricted stock units | 3,353,776 |  | 3,807,154 |  | 3,353,776 |  | 3,807,154
Restricted shares | — |  | 574 |  | — |  | 574
Total | 9,975,306 |  | 11,710,421 |  | 9,975,306 |  | 12,620,861
Fair Value of Financial Instruments We follow the guidance in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, to account for financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring and non-recurring basis. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy, which distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and an entity's own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The guidance requires fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
• | Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• | Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
• | Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).
Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. Our financial instruments measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022 are set forth below:
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Digital assets | $ | 12,617 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,617 |
Total | $ | 12,617 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,617 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 338 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 338 |
Our financial instruments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2021 are set forth below:
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Digital assets | $ | 32,581 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,581 |
Total | $ | 32,581 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,581 |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,605 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,605 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,605 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,605 |
The following table sets forth the assumptions used to calculate the fair values of the liability classified warrant issued in connection with our 2020 Convertible Notes as of the dates presented:
| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Strike price per share | $ | 2.25 |  |  | $ | 2.25 |
Closing price per share | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 2.63 |
Term (years) | 0.78 |  | 1.53
Volatility | 99 | % |  | 186 | %
Risk-free rate | 4.15 | % |  | 0.56 | %
Dividend Yield | — |  | —
The carrying value of accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments. All debt is based on current rates at which the Company could borrow funds with similar remaining maturities and approximates fair value. Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 introduces a model based on expected losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. In addition, for available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. As a smaller reporting company, the standard is currently effective for us for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We currently intend to adopt this new standard effective January 1, 2023. We currently do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 – 40), (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 is effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. As the Company does not currently have any debt with conversion features outstanding, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2020-06 to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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