<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950170-24-114883.txt : 20241016
<SEC-HEADER>0000950170-24-114883.hdr.sgml : 20241016
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20241016115457
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950170-24-114883
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		12
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20241016
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20241016
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20241016

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Phunware, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001665300
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-COMPUTER PROCESSING & DATA PREPARATION [7374]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37862
		FILM NUMBER:		241373859

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		7800 SHOAL CREEK BLVD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 230-S
		CITY:			AUSTIN
		STATE:			X1
		ZIP:			78757
		BUSINESS PHONE:		512-693-4199

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		7800 SHOAL CREEK BLVD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 230-S
		CITY:			AUSTIN
		STATE:			X1
		ZIP:			78757

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Stellar Acquisition III Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160128
</SEC-HEADER>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.01in;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:0.25pt solid;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;min-width:fit-content;"><br/>Title of each class</span></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.01in;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_68c85236-4f28-44d6-9c3d-7648fdc6828a" contextRef="C_80e46bb8-33f9-452f-9b4a-126424ba7b1e" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">The Nasdaq Stock Market</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;&#8239;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;&#8239;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Emerging growth company </span><span style="font-size:10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_d07ba276-f158-413e-9df0-d15548426978" contextRef="C_80e46bb8-33f9-452f-9b4a-126424ba7b1e" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#9744;</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:0.5in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
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  <div style="z-index:-3;min-height:0.5in;position:relative;"></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">This Current Report on Form 8-K (this &#8220;Report&#8221;) includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;). These forward-looking statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;might,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;possible,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;would&#8221; and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The forward-looking statements contained in this Report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading &#8220;</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Risk Factors</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#8221; in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K and other filings that we make with the SEC from time to time. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under &#8220;</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Risk Factors</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#8221; may not be exhaustive.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.</span></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:0.5in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">On October 16, 2024, Phunware, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) issued a press release which contained therein a letter to the Company's stockholders from Michael Snavely, the Company's Chief Executive Officer. A copy of the press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The information contained herein, including Exhibit 99.1, is furnished and shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or subject to the liabilities of that Section or Sections 11 and 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The information contained herein and in the accompanying exhibit shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing with the SEC made by the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(d) </span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibits</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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    <td style="width:9.08%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
    <td style="width:1.26%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
    <td style="width:89.66%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
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    <td style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit No.</span></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0.01in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;min-width:fit-content;">Description</span></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">99.1*</span></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:middle;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><a href="phun-ex99_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Press Release dated October 16, 2024, titled "Phunware Issues Letter to Stockholders and Announces Business Update"</span></a></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">104</span></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:middle;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL)</span></p></td>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">* Furnished herewith</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:0.5in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
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  <div style="z-index:-3;min-height:0.5in;position:relative;"></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.35pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">SIGNATURES</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.35pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></p>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EX-99.1
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:-3;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:15pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware Issues Letter to Stockholders and Announces Business Update</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:13pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware Announces Next Generation AI-Driven SaaS Platform</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:13pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:13pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> Targets expansion into the Global Mobile App Market expected to exceed $420 Billion by 2028</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Austin, TX - October 16, 2024</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> - Phunware, Inc. (NASDAQ: PHUN) (&#34;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#34; or the &#34;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#34;), a leader in cloud enterprise solutions for mobile applications and related technologies, today issued a letter to stockholders from Mike Snavely, the Chief Executive Officer of Phunware, providing an update on Phunware's existing and new business units and performance and achievements during 2024.  The letter provides insight into Phunware's transition to a new generative AI-based software development platform and several other new business initiatives, and its avenues for continued growth and success in 2025.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Dear Fellow Stockholders:</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">A letter to Stockholders is often written after the end of the year to reflect on successes and challenges and to share insights for the road ahead.  However, the past few years have been anything but a normal path for Phunware and as I reflect on my first year as CEO, I felt the time was right to update you on 2024 and to share our vision for 2025 and beyond.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Our primary focus is to create value for our stockholders.  One key measure of that is our market capitalization which has varied from $12M late last year to a high of about $120M in the first quarter, settling at about $55M as of the writing of this letter.  It&#x2019;s certain that some of our stockholders&#x2019; positions have benefited from this price volatility and some have not.  We acknowledge this by saying that we have always acted, and will continue to act, in what we see as the best long-term interests of our stockholders.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Often, volatility drives opportunity, and over the months we have used the trading volume and price volatility to raise capital to stabilize the balance sheet and to provide the capital required to think bigger.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">This letter explains what we intend to do with that capital.  We couldn&#x2019;t be more optimistic about our future, and I want to briefly share what we have been doing to strengthen our core business, enhance our operations and right-size our cost structure in service of our strategic vision. More importantly, I am excited to highlight new initiatives we are launching.  I believe these steps will help the market at large see why we believe we are a great investment and that our best days are ahead of us.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">I&#x2019;ll remind you of our recent performance: so far this year, we have lowered our cash burn by more than half and have increased sales by two orders of magnitude in the first half of 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">2024</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">2023</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;$  	1,746</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">939%</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1,932</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2,640</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">-27%</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Gross profit</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;994</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;610</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(8,126)</font></p></td>
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   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;Discontinued operations</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(2,667)</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">100%</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Loss per share from:</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;Continuing operations</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">83%</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;Discontinued operations</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-top:0.069in;padding-left:0.069in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.069in;padding-right:0.069in;text-align:center;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(1.28)</font></p></td>
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   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We believe our sales engine is just getting underway</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">As we move toward the end of the year and into 2025, we continue to do the blocking and tackling to continue to sell and grow revenue.  We have been able to recruit seasoned sales and marketing talent to help us get our message out to more customers and to win more deals.  We are also announcing various initiatives to unlock additional markets and to position ourselves as the most advanced and highest potential company in mobile globally.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Our Software Business continues to evolve to pick up new efficiencies and to unlock new markets</font></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware PR - Shareholder Letter (October 2024) candidate final</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p></div></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:-3;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware is a market leader in providing enterprise cloud solutions for mobile applications.  Our location-based services and patented wayfinding technology sets us apart from our competitors, providing real-time indoor navigation with unmatched precision and customization. Our technology for seamless transition from indoor wayfinding to outdoor location sharing and geofencing is best in class.  Phunware is widely known for creating first rate custom mobile applications for large enterprise customers with complex needs to engage with their end users and to facilitate profitable engagements and experiences.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Our software development platform for mobile applications is currently designed to create fully customizable apps and provide related services for larger enterprises.  In the first half of 2024, we have seen dramatic growth (939% over the comparable period in 2023) in bookings.  Our customers like what we do for them and notably we are getting terrific word of mouth references, accelerating our growth in major customers. Finally, we have added new features and functionalities to our existing products, including artificial intelligence features like an AI Personal Concierge for property guests and Intelligent Reporting for property owners.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Leveraging the Power of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Generative AI</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, our Platform Will Enable Rapid Development and Monetization of Custom Mobile App Solutions</font></p>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Today, we are announcing the development of a new generative AI-based platform designed to democratize access to world-class design, user experience and content creation so that businesses of any size can design, create, build, and deploy high-quality custom mobile applications in days or even hours. By leveraging generative AI, we believe that the new platform will simplify mobile app design and content creation and drastically reduce the need for expensive and time-consuming design and development investments. &#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">This platform marks the next chapter in Phunware&#x2019;s evolution, building on a decade and a half of providing custom mobile app solutions to several thousand U.S. and global customers, including some of the most recognized Fortune 100 &amp; 500 brands.&#x202f;&#x202f;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The platform is designed to harness and integrate the power of generative AI to enable all businesses to quickly develop and monetize custom mobile app solutions, making them accessible to small and medium-sized businesses. We also expect to add new AI-related features and functionalities to all of Phunware&#x2019;s mobile app offerings, reinforcing our position as a leader and innovator in the continually-growing mobile app market.&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware&#x2019;s Competitive Advantages in a Multi-Billion Dollar Global Mobile App Market</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Our planned incorporation of AI into our SaaS platform is driven by our view that consumer engagement with mobile-first solutions and artificial intelligence technology will continue to play a critical role across industries. Key competitive advantages of this platform will include:</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware PR - Shareholder Letter (October 2024) candidate final</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p></div></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:-3;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:3.333%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:3.333%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.447919145106397%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">&#x25aa;</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">AI-Driven Customization</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">: Generative AI frameworks provide customizable templates for rapid mobile app creation, reducing development costs and accelerating time-to-market, and include important features and functionalities such as AI-powered personal concierge&#x202f;and contextual engagement.&#x202f; </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:3.333%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:3.333%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.447919145106397%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">&#x25aa;</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">End-to-End Modular Design</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">: Our independent software modules, such as location-based services, digital advertising tools such as programmatic advertising and real-time data analytics support flexible audience building and engagement strategies.&#x202f; </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:3.333%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:3.333%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.447919145106397%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">&#x25aa;</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Advanced Location-Based Services (LBS)</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">: Our market leading indoor navigation and outdoor geofencing systems continue to offer even more precise geopositioning and collection of user data using a combination of GPS, Wi-Fi, BLE, and sensor data for customized on-venue user engagement in sectors such as hospitality, healthcare, retail, residential, sports and convention centers, gaming facilities and other verticals involving large real properties or portfolios of properties.&#x202f; </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:3.333%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:3.333%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.447919145106397%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">&#x25aa;</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Data Analytics</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">: Our enhanced review and analysis of data of mobile app usage and user behaviors support assessment of intent and other metrics to drive user engagement, conversion and retention.&#x202f; </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:3.333%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:3.333%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.447919145106397%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">&#x25aa;</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Multi-Industry Capability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">: Our platform is designed to provide low- or no-code custom mobile apps across a range of sectors, from hospitality and healthcare to other verticals such as advocacy, retail and ecommerce in the U.S. and other leading economies including China, Brazil and India.&#x202f; </font></div></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The adoption of our generative AI-powered SaaS platform is expected tol benefit our existing customers and all industry verticals and create meaningful opportunities for accessing new markets. Our platform is designed to automate the development intake process, reduce development costs and time-to-market, and enable innovation and user engagement through AI. We are leading the way to make AI-powered mobile applications accessible to enterprise and small- and medium business customers alike.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We expect our new AI-powered SaaS platform will launch mid-2025. We also expect to further integrate AI and machine learning capabilities into our new platform in 2025. We intend to integrate AI-driven predictive analytics into the platform by Q3 2025, providing businesses with advanced tools for analyzing customer data to predict future behaviors. We also expect the new platform to offer seamless integrations of its mobile apps with additional cloud service providers, ensuring modern scalability, flexibility, efficiency and security for businesses of all sizes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Digital Advertising Business</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We also have a growing business in providing digital advertising campaigns for a range of customers.  We work with agencies and directly with our own customers, from public companies to non-profit organizations to governmental entities.  We place general awareness,</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware PR - Shareholder Letter (October 2024) candidate final</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p></div></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:-3;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">performance-based and retargeting advertising campaigns for our customers, enabling them to successfully reach their audiences and achieve their marketing objectives.  We have provided digital advertising and related placements to hundreds of customer campaigns 2024 to date and continue to see strong demand for these services.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We plan to expand our digital advertising platform in several additional ways.  We intend to relaunch our programmatic advertising capabilities into our core mobile platform.  This will enable us to help our customers conduct more efficient, scalable digital advertising campaigns through our platform and through partnerships or alliances with one or more third-party programmatic advertising platforms. The integrated solution will be designed to utilize generative AI to help our customers personalize their digital advertising campaigns to individual users based on behavior, preferences and demographics to enhance user engagement and increase conversions. Finally, we intend to serve a global audience with these capabilities, tied to our mobile application portfolio growth.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Voter / Advocacy Engagement Business</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We are also planning to invest in the application of our AI-powered platform to advocacy and voter engagement. You will recall that we developed and implemented the Donald J. Trump 2020 Presidential Campaign app, a highly regarded and well received voter / advocacy engagement app.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We think this was just the tip of the iceberg.  Every election cycle, candidates set new records in spending and we believe that our AI-powered platform can help make that spend more impactful.  Further, we believe that it is more important than ever for Phunware to help political candidates and voters connect, engage and participate in the voting process, and for individuals and organizations to become knowledgeable about, educate others about, and advocate for events, causes and issues that are important to them.  Our platform can help them do just that.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We plan to continue to use our AI-powered platform to develop custom mobile apps for election campaigns, political action committees, and other organizations to identify, engage and turn out  voters. Our mobile advertising solutions will be a part of driving voter engagement as well.  We may invest in and partner with other technology providers and organizations that use mobile technologies to drive voter and advocacy engagement. We will likely pursue these opportunities both in the U.S. and with strategic partners and alliances globally.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Financial Strength</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Our spend has been adjusted to fit the size of our business today and to focus investment on the future.  We believe that sober execution against our business plan is the right way to deliver long-term stockholder value and we are focused on the careful stewardship of the company to bring our vision to life.</font></p>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:7.14323979728499%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">A.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We have zero debt and believe we have adequate access to the necessary resources to support our investments and sustain our business as we invest in the evolution and growth of our company</font></div></div>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware PR - Shareholder Letter (October 2024) candidate final</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p></div></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:-3;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:7.14323979728499%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">B.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We have seen dramatic improvement to our year-to-date software and advertising business bookings which we believe demonstrates a growing demand for our software and advertising offerings</font></div></div>
  <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:7.14323979728499%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">C.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We are judiciously investing in sales, engineering, AI, marketing and business development to fulfill our vision for the company&#x2019;s future </font></div></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We have not said much in the markets recently.  In retrospect, we&#x2019;ve probably said too little.  Moving ahead, we intend to continue to provide our stockholders with additional updates on our businesses and products from time to time.  Our focus will remain on platform launch, product roadmaps and timelines; innovation; operational efficiency; building thought leadership; and inorganic growth, including tactical and strategic acquisitions, investments, partnerships and alliances.  And we will endeavor to keep stockholders advised of significant occurrences every step of the way.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">I&#x2019;ll end where I started&#133;I believe Phunware&#x2019;s best days are ahead.  We look forward to continuing to create and enhance value for our stockholders, customers, employees and the consumers who use our products.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Thank you for your ongoing support.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#0000ee;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Mike Snavely</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Chief Executive Officer</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">About Phunware</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware, Inc. (NASDAQ: PHUN) is an enterprise software company specializing in mobile app solutions. We provide businesses with the tools to create, implement and manage custom mobile applications and analytics, digital advertising and location-based services. Phunware is transforming mobile engagement by delivering scalable and personalized mobile app experiences.&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware&#x2019;s mission is to achieve unparalleled connectivity and monetization through widespread adoption of Phunware mobile technologies, by leveraging brands, consumers, partners and digital asset holders and market participants. Phunware is poised to expand its software products and services audience and industry verticals through its new platform, utilize and monetize its patents and other intellectual property rights and interests, and update and reintroduce its digital asset ecosystem for existing holders and new market participants.&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">For more information, please visit https://www.ai.phunware.com</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">or contact:&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware PR - Shareholder Letter (October 2024) candidate final</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p></div></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:-3;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">MZ Group, North America </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br>Joe McGurk,&#x202f; Managing Director<br>917-259-6895<br>PHUN@mzgroup.us</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">   </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware&#x202f;Investor&#x202f;Relations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">:&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">CORE IR<br>516-222-2560<br>investorrelations@phunware.com</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">   </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Safe&#x202f;Harbor&#x202f;/&#x202f;Forward-Looking&#x202f;Statements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">This press release includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words &#x201c;anticipate,&#x201d; &#x201c;believe,&#x201d; &#x201c;continue,&#x201d; &#x201c;could,&#x201d; &#x201c;estimate,&#x201d; &#x201c;expect,&#x201d; &#x201c;expose,&#x201d; &#x201c;intend,&#x201d; &#x201c;may,&#x201d; &#x201c;might,&#x201d; &#x201c;opportunity,&#x201d; &#x201c;plan,&#x201d; &#x201c;possible,&#x201d; &#x201c;potential,&#x201d; &#x201c;predict,&#x201d; &#x201c;project,&#x201d; &#x201c;should,&#x201d; &#x201c;will,&#x201d; &#x201c;would&#x201d; and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. For example, Phunware is using forward-looking statements when it discusses the proposed offering and the timing and terms of such offering and its intended use of proceeds from such offering should it occur.&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The forward-looking statements contained in this press release are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in our filings with the SEC, including our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K and other filings that we make with the SEC from time to time. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in our SEC filings may not be exhaustive.&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware PR - Shareholder Letter (October 2024) candidate final</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p></div></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:-3;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this press release. In addition, even if our results or operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this press release, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div class="page-node-content"><div style="z-index:-3;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Phunware PR - Shareholder Letter (October 2024) candidate final</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p></div></div>
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" order="10010.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" order="10130.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" order="10020.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" order="10000.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" order="10090.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" order="10100.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" order="10120.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" order="10110.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" order="10040.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" order="10050.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" order="10060.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
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          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" order="10030.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" order="10080.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" order="10140.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" order="10190.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" order="10180.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" order="10210.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName" order="10340.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" order="10170.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" order="10220.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications" order="10160.0" priority="2" use="optional"/>
        </link:presentationLink>
      </link:linkbase>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
</xsd:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm46177644146432">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document And Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 16, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Oct. 16,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Phunware Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001665300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37862<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">30-1205798<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1002 West Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Austin<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">TX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">78701<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">512<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">693-4199<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">PHUN<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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