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Income Taxes | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2018
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
INCOME TAXES |
14. | INCOME TAXES
Our income tax expense (benefit) aggregated $501,820 and ($83,314) (amounting to 169% and (28%) of our (loss) before income taxes, respectively) for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our income tax expense aggregated $452,672 and $220,412 (amounting to 80% and 38% of our (loss) income before income taxes, respectively) for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1,700,000 that expire in 2034 through 2037 (if not utilized before then) and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $429,000 that expire in 2037 (if not utilized before then). Additionally, we had federal general business tax credit carryforwards of approximately $335,000 that expire in 2027 through 2037 (if not utilized before then) and state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $294,000 that expire in 2023 through 2037 (if not utilized before then). The $965,000 licensing payment that we made during the fourth quarter of 2004 was treated as an intangible asset and is being amortized over 15 years, for tax return purposes only. Approximately $1,112,000 of our investment in a small-scale facility to produce the Drug Substance (our Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Nisin) was expensed as incurred for our books from 2013 to 2015. Included in this amount is approximately $820,000 that was capitalized and is being depreciated over statutory periods for tax return purposes only. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law in December 2017. This legislation makes significant change in the U.S. tax law including a reduction in the corporate tax rates, changes to net operating loss carryforwards and carrybacks, and a repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax. The legislation reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate from the current rate of 34% to 21%. As a result of the enacted law, we were required to revalue deferred tax assets and liabilities at the enacted rate in 2017. The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between book and tax treatment of assets and liabilities and carryforwards to the extent they are realizable. During the second quarter of 2018, we recorded a valuation allowance of $563,252 against these deferred tax assets because we have incurred a net loss for three consecutive quarters and project additional net losses for some period going forward. While we consider future taxable income and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, a reduction of the valuation allowance would increase income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an increase to the valuation allowance would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. Net operating loss carryforwards, credits, and other tax attributes are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code contains provisions that could place annual limitations on the future utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and credits in the event of a change in ownership of the Company, as defined. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and several state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014. We currently have no tax examinations in progress. We also have not paid additional taxes, interest or penalties as a result of tax examinations nor do we have any unrecognized tax benefits for any of the periods in the accompanying financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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