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Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Stockholders’ Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of Activity Under the Stock Option Plans Activity under the stock option plans described above was as follows:
   2010 Plan   2017 Plan   Weighted Average Exercise Price   Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022   202,500    402,500   $7.19   $(661,310)
Grants   
    122,000   $5.16      
Terminations/forfeitures(2)   (10,000)   (94,500)  $7.12      
Exercises   (4,000)   
   $4.69      
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023   188,500    430,000   $6.82   $(1,071,121)
Grants   
    73,000   $3.80      
Terminations/forfeitures(2)   (5,000)   (25,500)  $6.75      
Exercises   
    
   $
      
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024   183,500    477,500   $6.49   $(1,891,421)
Vested as of September 30, 2024   183,500    136,500   $6.97   $(1,068,740)
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2024   183,500    477,500   $6.49   $(1,891,421)
Reserved for future grants   
    154,500           
(1)Intrinsic value is the difference between the fair market value of the underlying common stock as of the date indicated and as of the date of the option grant (which is equal to the option exercise price).
(2)Terminations and forfeitures are recognized when they occur.
Schedule of Additional Information About the Stock Option Plans The following table displays additional information about the stock option plans described above:
   Number of Shares   Weighted Average
Fair Value at Grant Date
   Weighted Average Exercise Price 
Non-vested stock options as of December 31, 2023   337,500   $3.66   $7.14 
Non-vested stock options as of September 30, 2024   341,000   $3.14   $6.04 
Stock options granted during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024   73,000   $1.72   $3.80 
Stock options that vested during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024   54,000   $4.31   $9.73 
Stock options that were terminated or forfeited during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024   30,500   $3.36   $6.75 

 

Schedule of Fair Value Stock Option Grant Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model with Weighted-Average Assumptions The fair value of each stock option grant has been estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, for the purpose discussed in Note 2(n), with the following weighted-average assumptions:
   During the Three-Month
Periods Ended September 30,
   During the Nine-Month
Periods Ended September 30,
 
   2024   2023   2024   2023 
Risk-free interest rate(1)   3.48%   n/a(4)   3.70%   3.48%
Dividend yield(2)   0%   0%   0%   0%
Expected volatility(2)   52%   n/a(4)   51%   54%
Expected life(3)   4.1 years    n/a(4)   4.3 years    6.2 years 
(1)The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yields for a maturity approximating the expected option term.
(2)The dividend yield and expected volatility are derived from averages of our historical data.
(3)The expected life is calculated utilizing the simplified method, which uses the mid-point between the vesting period and the contractual term as the expected life.
(4)These values are not applicable because no stock options were granted during this period.