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Table of Contents

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

​

​

FORM 10-Q

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​

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

​

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2025

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☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the Transition Period From to

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Commission File No. 001-32472

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DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​
Texas |  | 74-2095844
(State or other jurisdiction of | ​ | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | ​ | Identification No.)

​

508 West Wall, Suite 800, Midland, Texas 79701

(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 432-684-3000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

​ | ​ | ​
Title of Each Class | Name of Exchange on Which Registered | Trading Symbol
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | The NASDAQ Stock Market | DWSN

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

​ | ​ | ​
Accelerated filer ☐ | Large accelerated filer ◻ | Smaller reporting company ☒
​ | ​ | ​
Non-accelerated filer ⌧ | Emerging growth company ☐ | ​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

​ | ​ | ​
Title of Each Class |  | Outstanding at May 12, 2025
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | ​ | 30,984,162 shares

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Table of Contents

DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

INDEX

​ |  | Page Number
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ​ | 3
Item 1. Financial Statements | ​ | 3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (unaudited) | ​ | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income/Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) | ​ | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) | ​ | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) | ​ | 6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | ​ | 7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ​ | 14
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | ​ | 19
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | ​ | 19
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION | ​ | 20
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | ​ | 20
Item 1A. Risk Factors | ​ | 20
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | ​ | 20
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | ​ | 20
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | ​ | 20
Item 5. Other Information | ​ | 20
Item 6. Exhibits | ​ | 21
Signatures | ​ | 22

​

​

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2

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATIO N

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENT S (UNAUDITED)

DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET S

(unaudited and amounts in thousands, except share data)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​ | December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 2,665 | ​ | $ | 1,385 | ​
Accounts receivable, net | ​ | ​ | 11,031 | ​ |  | 9,970 | ​
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ​ | ​ | 4,770 | ​ | ​ | 3,186 | ​
Total current assets | ​ |  | 18,466 | ​ |  | 14,541 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property and equipment | ​ | ​ | 236,132 | ​ | ​ | 238,064 | ​
Less accumulated depreciation | ​ | ​ | (224,420) | ​ | ​ | (225,085) | ​
Property and equipment, net | ​ | ​ | 11,712 | ​ | ​ | 12,979 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ​ | ​ | 2,752 | ​ | ​ | 3,002 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Intangibles, net | ​ | ​ | 347 | ​ | ​ | 348 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total assets | ​ | $ | 33,277 | ​ | $ | 30,870 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts payable | ​ | $ | 3,895 | ​ | $ | 3,381 | ​
Accrued liabilities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Payroll costs and other taxes | ​ |  | 1,647 | ​ | ​ | 2,014 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 1,088 | ​ | ​ | 830 | ​
Deferred revenue | ​ |  | 1,723 | ​ | ​ | 1,570 | ​
Current maturities of notes payable and finance leases | ​ |  | 2,310 | ​ | ​ | 1,010 | ​
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 1,146 | ​ | ​ | 1,125 | ​
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 11,809 | ​ |  | 9,930 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Long-term liabilities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Notes payable and finance leases, net of current maturities | ​ |  | 1,327 | ​ | ​ | 1,512 | ​
Operating lease liabilities, net of current maturities | ​ | ​ | 1,838 | ​ | ​ | 2,131 | ​
Deferred tax liabilities, net | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​
Total long-term liabilities | ​ |  | 3,181 | ​ |  | 3,659 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commitments and contingencies | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders’ equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred stock-par value $1.00 per share; 4,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Common stock-par value $0.01 per share; 35,000,000 shares authorized, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
30,984,162 and 30,983,437 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
and December 31, 2024, respectively | ​ |  | 310 | ​ | ​ | 310 | ​
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 157,117 | ​ | ​ | 157,073 | ​
Accumulated deficit | ​ |  | (136,627) | ​ | ​ | (137,619) | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | ​ |  | (2,513) | ​ | ​ | (2,483) | ​
Total stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 18,287 | ​ |  | 17,281 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ​ | $ | 33,277 | ​ | $ | 30,870 | ​

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

​

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3

Table of Contents

DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited and amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating revenues: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fee Revenue | ​ | $ | 15,259 | ​ | $ | 26,738 | ​
Reimbursable Revenue | ​ | ​ | 819 | ​ | ​ | 4,846 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 16,078 | ​ | ​ | 31,584 | ​
Operating costs: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fee operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 10,960 | ​ | ​ | 17,114 | ​
Reimbursable operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 819 | ​ | ​ | 4,846 | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 11,779 | ​ |  | 21,960 | ​
General and administrative | ​ |  | 1,994 | ​ |  | 2,233 | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 1,271 | ​ |  | 1,589 | ​
​ | ​ |  | 15,044 | ​ |  | 25,782 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income from operations | ​ |  | 1,034 | ​ |  | 5,802 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other income (expense): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 113 | ​
Interest expense | ​ |  | (76) | ​ |  | (46) | ​
Other income, net | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ | 179 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income before income tax | ​ |  | 995 | ​ |  | 6,048 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income tax expenses | ​ |  | (3) | ​ | ​ | (202) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | ​ | 992 | ​ | ​ | 5,846 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive loss: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net unrealized loss on foreign exchange rate translation | ​ | ​ | (30) | ​ | ​ | (160) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Comprehensive Income | ​ | $ | 962 | ​ | $ | 5,686 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic income per share of common stock | ​ | $ | 0.03 | ​ | $ | 0.19 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Diluted income per share of common stock | ​ | $ | 0.03 | ​ | $ | 0.19 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average equivalent common shares outstanding | ​ |  | 30,983,445 | ​ |  | 30,812,329 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average equivalent common shares outstanding - assuming dilution | ​ |  | 31,035,189 | ​ |  | 30,812,329 | ​

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

4

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DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW S

(unaudited and amounts in thousands)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Cash flows from operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 992 | ​ | $ | 5,846 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 1,271 | ​ |  | 1,589 | ​
Non-cash operating lease cost | ​ | ​ | 250 | ​ | ​ | 271 | ​
Non-cash compensation | ​ |  | 44 | ​ |  | — | ​
Bad debt expense | ​ | ​ | 177 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Gain on disposal of assets | ​ |  | (185) | ​ |  | (42) | ​
Other | ​ |  | 11 | ​ |  | 5 | ​
Change in operating assets and liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Increase in accounts receivable | ​ |  | (1,259) | ​ |  | (2,208) | ​
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ |  | 161 | ​ |  | 2,072 | ​
Increase in accounts payable | ​ |  | 516 | ​ | ​ | 1,239 | ​
Decrease in accrued liabilities | ​ | ​ | (107) | ​ | ​ | (97) | ​
Decrease in operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | (272) | ​ | ​ | (294) | ​
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | ​ | ​ | 153 | ​ | ​ | (6,511) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ |  | 1,752 | ​ |  | 1,870 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Capital expenditures, net of non-cash capital expenditures summarized below | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (684) | ​
Proceeds from disposal of assets | ​ | ​ | 185 | ​ | ​ | 162 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ​ | ​ | 185 | ​ | ​ | (522) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Principal payments on notes payable | ​ | ​ | (440) | ​ | ​ | (385) | ​
Principal payments on finance leases | ​ |  | (191) | ​ | ​ | (197) | ​
Tax withholdings related to stock based compensation awards | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash used in financing activities | ​ |  | (631) | ​ |  | (582) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | ​ | ​ | (26) | ​ | ​ | (76) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | 1,280 | ​ |  | 690 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | ​ |  | 1,385 | ​ |  | 15,772 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | ​ | $ | 2,665 | ​ | $ | 16,462 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Supplemental cash flow information: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid for interest | ​ | $ | 65 | ​ | $ | 42 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-cash operating, investing and financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Change in accrued purchases of property and equipment | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 300 | ​
Finance leases incurred | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 556 | ​
Dividend accrual | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 9,860 | ​
Financed insurance premiums | ​ | $ | 1,746 | ​ | $ | — | ​

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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5

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DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited and amounts in thousands, except share data)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Number | ​ | ​ | ​ | Paid-in | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Of Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Loss |  | Total |
Balance January 1, 2025 | ​ | 30,983,437 | ​ | $ | 310 | ​ | $ | 157,073 | ​ | $ | (137,619) | ​ | $ | (2,483) | ​ | $ | 17,281 | ​
Net income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 992 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 992 | ​
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange rate translation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (30) | ​ | ​ | (30) | ​
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 44 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 44 | ​
Issuance of common stock as compensation | ​ | 1,050 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Shares exchanged for taxes on stock-based compensation | ​ | (325) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Balance March 31, 2025 | ​ | 30,984,162 | ​ | $ | 310 | ​ | $ | 157,117 | ​ | $ | (136,627) | ​ | $ | (2,513) | ​ | $ | 18,287 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Number | ​ | ​ | ​ | Paid-in | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Of Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Loss |  | Total |
Balance January 1, 2024 | ​ | 30,812,329 | ​ | $ | 308 | ​ | $ | 156,678 | ​ | $ | (123,640) | ​ | $ | (1,912) | ​ | $ | 31,434 | ​
Net income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,846 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,846 | ​
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange rate translation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (160) | ​ | ​ | (160) | ​
Dividends | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (9,860) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (9,860) | ​
Balance March 31, 2024 | ​ | 30,812,329 | ​ | $ | 308 | ​ | $ | 156,678 | ​ | $ | (127,654) | ​ | $ | (2,072) | ​ | $ | 27,260 | ​

​

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

6

Table of Contents

DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT S (UNAUDITED)

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1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

​

Dawson Geophysical Company (the “Company”) is a leading provider of North American onshore seismic data acquisition services with operations throughout the continental United States (“U.S.”) and Canada. The Company acquires and processes 2-D, 3-D and multicomponent seismic data solely for its clients, ranging from major oil and gas companies to independent oil and gas operators as well as providers of multi-client data libraries.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of the Company’s management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Certain prior period amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements may have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and applicable rules of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. have been omitted.

These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The December 31, 2024, balance sheet information was derived from our audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025, and for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Dawson Operating LLC, Dawson Seismic Services Holdings, Inc., Eagle Canada, Inc., Eagle Canada Seismic Services ULC, and Exploration Surveys, Inc. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Dividends. The Company records dividends declared as an addition to accumulated deficit when declaration of such dividends is not subject to restrictions in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, or in conflict with information in the Company’s bylaws.

Allowance for Current Expected Credit Losses. The Company’s allowance for credit losses reflects its current estimate expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument and is determined based on a number of factors. Management determines the need for any allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable based on its review of past-due accounts, its past experience of historical write-offs, its current client base, when customer accounts exceed 90 days past due and specific customer account reviews. While the collectability of outstanding client invoices is continually assessed, the inherent volatility of the energy industry’s business cycle can cause swift and unpredictable changes in the financial stability of the Company’s clients. With the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 in 2020, the Company made an accounting policy election to write off accrued interest amounts by reversing interest income. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 the Company has incurred $177,000 of credit losses. The Company's allowance for credit losses was $250,000 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Leases. The Company leases certain vehicles, seismic recording equipment, real property and office equipment under lease agreements. The Company evaluates each lease to determine its appropriate classification as a finance lease or an operating lease for financial reporting purposes. The assets and liabilities under finance leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair market value of the related assets. Assets under finance leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the initial lease term. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. For operating leases, where readily determinable, the Company uses the implicit interest rate in determining the present value of future minimum lease payments. In the absence of an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The right-of-use assets are amortized to operating lease cost over the lease terms in

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a manner that results in straight-line operating lease cost and is included in operating expense. Several of the Company’s leases include options to renew and the exercise of lease renewal options is primarily at the Company’s discretion.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment is capitalized at historical cost or the fair value of assets acquired in a business combination and is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. Management’s estimation of this useful life is based on circumstances that exist in the seismic industry and information available at the time of the purchase of the asset. As circumstances change and new information becomes available, these estimates could change. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the results of operations for the period.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets. Long-lived assets are tested for impairment at the asset group level when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the asset group may not be recoverable. Recognition of an impairment charge is required if future expected undiscounted net cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying value of the asset group and the fair value of the asset group is below its carrying value. Depending upon the facts and circumstances, when indicators of asset impairment exist, management will test the asset group for impairment through developing a forecast of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group or by estimating the fair value of assets within the asset group in lieu of detailed cash flow projections. If either the future undiscounted cashflows expected to be generated by the asset group or the fair of the assets within the asset group exceeds the carrying value of the asset group no impairment would be recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2024, management tested two of its asset groups for impairment through estimating the fair value of certain assets within the asset groups using a market approach or cost approach, as applicable. Because the fair value of these assets collectively exceeded the carrying value of the asset group, no impairment charges were recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024. No impairment test was required during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements. Preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Because of the use of assumptions and estimates inherent in the reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition. Services are provided under cancelable service contracts which usually have an original expected duration of one year or less. These contracts are either “turnkey” or “term” agreements. Under both types of agreements, the Company recognizes revenues as the services are performed. Revenue is generally recognized based on square miles of data recorded compared to total square miles anticipated to be recorded on the survey using the total estimated revenue for the service contract. In the case of a cancelled service contract, the client is billed and revenue is recognized for any third party charges and square miles of data recorded up to the date of cancellation.

The Company receives reimbursements for certain out-of-pocket expenses under the terms of the service contracts. The amounts billed to clients are included at their gross amount in the total estimated revenue for the service contract.

Clients are billed as permitted by the service contract. Contract assets and contract liabilities are the result of timing differences between revenue recognition, billings and cash collections. If billing occurs prior to the revenue recognition or billing exceeds the revenue recognized, the amount is considered deferred revenue and a contract liability. Conversely, if the revenue recognition exceeds the billing, the excess is considered an unbilled receivable and a contract asset. As services are performed, those deferred revenue amounts are recognized as revenue.

In some instances, third-party permitting, surveying, drilling, helicopter, equipment rental and mobilization costs that directly relate to the contract are utilized to fulfill the contract obligations. These fulfillment costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and generally amortized based on the total square miles of data recorded compared to total square miles anticipated to be recorded on the survey using the total estimated fulfillment costs for the service contract.

Estimates for total revenue and total fulfillment cost on any service contract are based on certain qualitative and quantitative judgments. Management considers a variety of factors such as whether various components of the performance obligation will be performed internally or externally, cost of third party services, and facts and circumstances unique to the performance obligation in making these estimates.

Additionally, the Company’s policy includes (i) ignoring the financing component when estimating the transaction price for service contracts completed within one year, (ii) excluding sales tax collected from the customer when determining the transaction price, and (iii) expensing incremental costs to obtain a customer contract if the amortization period for those costs would otherwise be one year or less. See note 4 for additional disclosures related to disaggregated revenue.

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Share-based compensation. We measure and record compensation expense for share-based payment awards to employees and outside directors based on estimated grant date fair values. Grant date fair value is determined by averaging the high and low stock price on the grant date. We recognize compensation costs for awards granted over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair value in fee operating expenses and general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we granted no share-based payment awards to employees or outside directors, and recognized expense related to restricted stock unit awards of $44,000 during the period. Additionally, we recognize forfeitures of share-based compensation as they occur.

Risks and Uncertainties. The Company’s ability to be profitable in the future will depend on many factors beyond its control, but primarily on the level of demand for land-based seismic data acquisition services by oil and natural gas exploration and development companies. The Company generated net income of $1.0 million and $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $2.7 million in cash, and a positive working capital balance of $6.7 million. We believe that our cash flows from operations, and our current financial position are adequate to fund our continued operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 seeks to improve transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods after January 1, 2025, and will be reflected through additional disclosures in the Company’s 2025 10-K.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, ASU 2024-03 enhances the disclosures required for certain expense captions in the Company's annual and interim consolidated financial statements. This ASU is effective prospectively or retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its disclosures.

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3. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, other current liabilities, notes payable, finance leases and operating lease liabilities. Due to the short-term maturities of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value at the respective balance sheet dates. The carrying value of the notes payable approximate their fair value based on comparisons with the prevailing market interest rate. The fair values of the Company’s notes payable are level 2 measurements in the fair value hierarchy.

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4. OPERATING SEGMENTS

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (President and Chief Executive Officer) reviews the discrete segment financial information on a geographic basis for the U.S. operations and Canada Operations. The revenue for both of the Company’s segments is generated by the same services, which utilize the same type of equipment and personnel. As a result, the Company has two reportable segments, U.S. Operations and Canada Operations. The performance of our segments is evaluated primarily on Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as our net income (loss), before (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense or benefit, (iii) depreciation, depletion and amortization and (iv) other unusual items. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, there were no unusual items and therefore Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA were equal.

Beginning in the year ended December 31, 2024, a portion of the management charges incurred by the U.S. segment were allocated to the Canadian segment based upon an activity level determined to be appropriate by management. These charges totaled approximately $160,000 and $138,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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The following tables present the Company’s income statements by operating segment (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
​ | ​ | USA Operations | ​ | Canada Operations | ​ | Consolidated
Operating revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fee revenue | ​ | $ | 2,726 | ​ | $ | 12,533 | ​ | $ | 15,259
Reimbursable revenue | ​ | ​ | 570 | ​ | ​ | 249 | ​ | ​ | 819
​ | ​ | ​ | 3,296 | ​ | ​ | 12,782 | ​ | ​ | 16,078
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating costs: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fee operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 4,615 | ​ | ​ | 6,345 | ​ | ​ | 10,960
Reimbursable operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 570 | ​ | ​ | 249 | ​ | ​ | 819
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 5,185 | ​ | ​ | 6,594 | ​ | ​ | 11,779
General and administrative | ​ | ​ | 1,555 | ​ | ​ | 439 | ​ | ​ | 1,994
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 1,077 | ​ | ​ | 194 | ​ | ​ | 1,271
​ | ​ | ​ | 7,817 | ​ | ​ | 7,227 | ​ | ​ | 15,044
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Loss) income from operations | ​ | ​ | (4,521) | ​ | ​ | 5,555 | ​ | ​ | 1,034
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other income (expense): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 4
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (63) | ​ | ​ | (13) | ​ | ​ | (76)
Other income (expense), net | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​ | 33
(Loss) income before income tax | ​ | ​ | (4,543) | ​ | ​ | 5,538 | ​ | ​ | 995
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (3)
Net (loss) income | ​ | $ | (4,546) | ​ | $ | 5,538 | ​ | $ | 992
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjusted EBITDA | ​ | $ | (3,403) | ​ | $ | 5,741 | ​ | $ | 2,338

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
​ | ​ | USA Operations | ​ | Canada Operations | ​ | Consolidated
Operating revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fee revenue | ​ | $ | 18,287 | ​ | $ | 8,451 | ​ | $ | 26,738
Reimbursable revenue | ​ | ​ | 4,809 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ | 4,846
​ | ​ | ​ | 23,096 | ​ | ​ | 8,488 | ​ | ​ | 31,584
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating costs: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fee operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 12,894 | ​ | ​ | 4,220 | ​ | ​ | 17,114
Reimbursable operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 4,809 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ | 4,846
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 17,703 | ​ | ​ | 4,257 | ​ | ​ | 21,960
General and administrative | ​ | ​ | 1,830 | ​ | ​ | 403 | ​ | ​ | 2,233
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 1,305 | ​ | ​ | 284 | ​ | ​ | 1,589
​ | ​ | ​ | 20,838 | ​ | ​ | 4,944 | ​ | ​ | 25,782
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income from operations | ​ | ​ | 2,258 | ​ | ​ | 3,544 | ​ | ​ | 5,802
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other income (expense): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | 99 | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​ | 113
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (36) | ​ | ​ | (10) | ​ | ​ | (46)
Other income (expense), net | ​ | ​ | 185 | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​ | ​ | 179
Income before income tax | ​ | ​ | 2,506 | ​ | ​ | 3,542 | ​ | ​ | 6,048
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | (202) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (202)
Net income | ​ | $ | 2,304 | ​ | $ | 3,542 | ​ | $ | 5,846
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjusted EBITDA | ​ | $ | 3,748 | ​ | $ | 3,822 | ​ | $ | 7,570

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The following tables present the Company’s total assets, net property and equipment, capital expenditures and right of use assets disaggregated by operating segment (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2025 | ​ | 2024
Total Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
United States | ​ | $ | 16,871 | ​ | $ | 21,257
Canada | ​ | ​ | 16,406 | ​ | ​ | 9,613
Total Assets | ​ | $ | 33,277 | ​ | $ | 30,870

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2025 | ​ | 2024
Net Property and Equipment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
United States | ​ | $ | 9,741 | ​ | $ | 10,818
Canada | ​ | ​ | 1,971 | ​ | ​ | 2,161
Total | ​ | $ | 11,712 | ​ | $ | 12,979

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2025 | ​ | 2024
Capital Expenditures | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
United States | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 895
Canada | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 646
Total Capital Expenditures | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,541

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2025 | ​ | 2024
Net Right-of-use Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
United States | ​ | $ | 1,685 | ​ | $ | 1,881
Canada | ​ | ​ | 1,067 | ​ | ​ | 1,121
Total | ​ | $ | 2,752 | ​ | $ | 3,002

​

The reconciliation of the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA to net (loss) income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, is provided in the following tables (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
​ | 2025 US | ​ | 2025 CA | ​ | 2025 Consol. | ​ | 2024 US | ​ | 2024 CA | ​ | 2024 Consol.
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,546) | ​ | $ | 5,538 | ​ | $ | 992 | ​ | $ | 2,304 | ​ | $ | 3,542 | ​ | $ | 5,846
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | 1,077 | ​ | ​ | 194 | ​ | ​ | 1,271 | ​ | ​ | 1,305 | ​ | ​ | 284 | ​ | ​ | 1,589
Interest expense (income), net | ​ | 63 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 72 | ​ | ​ | (63) | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | (67)
Income tax expense | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 202 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 202
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (3,403) | ​ | $ | 5,741 | ​ | $ | 2,338 | ​ | $ | 3,748 | ​ | $ | 3,822 | ​ | $ | 7,570

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5. DEBT

Dominion Loan Agreement

On September 30, 2019, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Dominion Bank, a Texas state bank (“Dominion Bank”). On September 30, 2023, the Company entered into a Fifth Loan Modification Agreement (the “Fifth Modification Agreement”) to the Loan and Security Agreement (as amended by (i) that certain Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2020, (ii) that certain Second Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2021, (iii) that certain Third Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2022, (iv) that certain Fourth Modification Agreement dated as of March 21, 2023, and (v) the Fifth Modification Agreement, the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement provided for a secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in an amount up to the lesser of (I) an amount equal to the Borrowing Base or (II) $5 million. The Company’s obligations under the Loan Agreement were secured by a Certificate of Deposit with Dominion Bank for $5 million (the “Deposit”) in the Company’s collateral account. On May 2, 2024, the collateral deposit of $5 million was released and the Loan Agreement was terminated.

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Dominion Letters of Credit

As of March 31, 2025, the Company has no outstanding letters of credit.

Other Indebtedness

As of March 31, 2025, the Company has three short-term notes payable to finance companies for various insurance premiums totaling $1.5 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had one outstanding short-term note payable to a finance company for various insurance premiums totaling $168,000.

In addition, the Company leases certain seismic recording equipment and vehicles under leases classified as finance leases. The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, include finance leases of $2.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Maturities and Interest Rates of Debt

The following tables set forth the aggregate principal amount (in thousands) under the Company’s outstanding notes payable and the interest rates as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2025 | ​ | December 31, 2024
Notes payable to finance company for insurance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Aggregate principal amount outstanding | ​ | $ | 1,474 | ​ | $ | 168
Interest rates 6.35% and 9.74% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The aggregate maturities of finance leases as of March 31, 2025, are as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2025 - March 2026 | ​ | $ | 836 | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2026 - March 2027 | ​ | ​ | 799 | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2027 - March 2028 | ​ | ​ | 462 | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2028 - March 2029 | ​ | ​ | 66 | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations under finance leases | ​ | $ | 2,163 | ​ | ​ | ​

​

Interest rates on these leases range from 4.86% to 8.74%.

6. LEASES

The Company leases certain vehicles, seismic recording equipment, real property and office equipment under lease agreements. The Company evaluates each lease to determine its appropriate classification as an operating lease or finance lease for financial reporting purposes. The majority of our operating leases are non-cancelable operating leases for office and shop space in Midland and Plano Texas, and Calgary, Alberta. There have been no material changes to our leases since the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on April 2, 2025.

Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2025, are as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Operating Leases | ​ | Finance Leases
April 2025 - March 2026 | ​ | $ | 1,276 | ​ | $ | 950
April 2026 - March 2027 | ​ | ​ | 1,294 | ​ | ​ | 859
April 2027 - March 2028 | ​ | ​ | 291 | ​ | ​ | 477
April 2028 - March 2029 | ​ | ​ | 222 | ​ | ​ | 67
April 2029 - March 2030 | ​ | ​ | 144 | ​ | ​ | —
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Total payments under lease agreements | ​ | ​ | 3,227 | ​ | ​ | 2,353
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Less imputed interest | ​ | ​ | (243) | ​ | ​ | (190)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total lease liabilities | ​ | $ | 2,984 | ​ | $ | 2,163

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7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

From time to time, the Company is a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company cannot predict the outcomes of any such legal proceedings, management believes that the resolution of pending legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, as the Company believes it is adequately indemnified and insured.

Additionally, the Company experiences contractual disputes with its clients from time to time regarding the payment of invoices or other matters. While the Company seeks to minimize these disputes and maintain good relations with its clients, the Company has experienced in the past, and may experience in the future, disputes that could affect its revenues and results of operations in any period.

8. NET INCOME PER SHARE

Basic income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted average diluted shares outstanding.

A $0.32 per share special cash dividend on the Company’s common stock was declared on March 28, 2024, and paid on May 6, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 22, 2024. The aggregate payment was approximately $9.9 million.

The computation of basic and diluted income per share (in thousands, except share and per share data) was as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Net income | ​ | $ | 992 | ​ | $ | 5,846 | ​
Weighted average common shares outstanding | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ |  | 30,983,445 | ​ |  | 30,812,329 | ​
Dilutive common stock options, restricted stock unit awards and restricted stock awards | ​ | ​ | 51,744 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Diluted | ​ | ​ | 31,035,189 | ​ | ​ | 30,812,329 | ​
Basic income per share of common stock | ​ | $ | 0.03 | ​ | $ | 0.19 | ​
Diluted income per share of common stock | ​ | $ | 0.03 | ​ | $ | 0.19 | ​

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9. INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s effective tax rates were 0.3% and 3.3%, respectively. The Company’s nominal effective tax rate for the periods above was due to the presence of net operating loss carryovers and adjustments to the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

The Company assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred over an extended amount of time. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as projections for taxable earnings.

The Company has recorded valuation allowances against the associated deferred tax assets for the amounts it deems are not more likely than not realizable. Based on management’s belief that not all the net operating losses are realizable, a federal valuation allowance and additional state valuation allowances were maintained during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. In addition, due to the Company’s recent operating losses and valuation allowances, the Company may recognize reduced or no tax benefits on future losses on the condensed consolidated financial statements. The amount of the valuation allowances considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as projections for future growth.

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10. SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION

Deferred Costs (in thousands)

Deferred costs were $0.4 million and $4.3 million at January 1, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets at March 31, 2025, and 2024, included deferred costs incurred to fulfill contracts with customers of $0.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively.

Deferred costs at March 31, 2025, compared to January 1, 2025, increased primarily as a result of new projects for clients with large third party reimbursables where data had not yet been recorded. Deferred costs at March 31, 2024, compared to January 1, 2024, decreased primarily as a result of the completion of several projects during that three-month period that had deferred fulfillment costs at January 1, 2024.

The amount of total deferred costs amortized for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, was $0.6 million and $7.9 million, respectively. There were no material impairment losses incurred during these periods.

Deferred Revenue (in thousands)

Deferred revenue was $1.6 million and $11.8 million at January 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s deferred revenue at March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1.7 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

Deferred revenue at March 31, 2025, compared to January 1, 2025, increased primarily as a result of new projects for clients with large third party reimbursables where data had not yet been recorded. Deferred revenue at March 31, 2024, compared to January 1, 2024, decreased primarily as a result of completing projects for clients with prepayments for third party reimbursables.

Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of 2025 and 2024 was $1.6 million and $9.7 million, respectively.

Accounts Receivable (in thousands)

Accounts receivable related to contracts with customers was $9.9 million and $12.5 million at January 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Accounts receivable related to contracts with customers was $11.0 million and $14.8 million at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company incurred related party expenses totaling approximately $74,000. These are charges by various commonly controlled companies of Wilks Brothers, LLC, the holder of approximately 80% of the Company’s outstanding stock. These transactions consisted of trucking charges of $74,000. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $24,000 outstanding related party accounts payable.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company incurred related party expenses totaling approximately $106,000. These transactions consisted of trucking charges of $97,000 and client hosting expenses of $9,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company received related party revenue of $5,000 for partial use of leased office space.

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11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

None.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSI S OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements

Statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q that relate to forecasts, estimates or other expectations regarding future events, including without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” regarding technological advancements and our financial position, business strategy, and plans and objectives of our management for future operations, may be deemed to be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the

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“Exchange Act”). When used in this Form 10-Q, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, our status as a controlled public company, which exempts us from certain corporate governance requirements; the limited market for our common stock; the impact of general economic, industry, market or political conditions, including tariffs; dependence upon energy industry spending; changes in exploration and production spending by our customers and changes in the level of oil and natural gas exploration and development; the results of operations and financial condition of our customers, particularly during extended periods of low prices for crude oil and natural gas; the volatility of oil and natural gas prices and markets; changes in economic conditions; surplus in the supply of oil and the ability of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies, collectively known as OPEC+, to agree on and comply with supply limitations; the potential for contract delays; reductions or cancellations of service contracts; limited number of customers; credit risk related to our customers; reduced utilization; high fixed costs of operations and high capital requirements; operational challenges relating to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including logistical challenges, protecting the health and well-being of our employees and remote work arrangements; industry competition; external factors affecting the Company’s crews such as weather interruptions and inability to obtain land access rights of way; whether the Company enters into turnkey or day rate contracts; crew productivity; the availability of capital resources; disruptions in the global economy, including unrest in the Middle East, export controls and financial and economic sanctions imposed on certain industry sectors and parties as a result of the developments in Ukraine and related activities, and whether or not a future transaction or other action occurs that causes the Company to be delisted from Nasdaq and no longer be required to make filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The cautionary statements made in this Form 10-Q should be read as applying to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Form 10-Q. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this paragraph. A discussion of these and other factors, including risks and uncertainties, is set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on April 2, 2025 and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

We are a leading provider of North American onshore seismic data acquisition services with operations throughout the continental U.S. and Canada. Substantially all of our revenues are derived from the seismic data acquisition services we provide to our clients. Our clients consist of major oil and gas companies, independent oil and gas operators, and providers of multi-client data libraries. In recent years, our primary customer base has consisted of providers of multi-client data libraries. Demand for our services depends upon the level of spending by these companies for exploration, production, development and field management activities, which depends, in a large part, on oil and natural gas prices. Significant fluctuations in domestic oil and natural gas exploration and development activities related to commodity prices, as we have recently experienced, have affected, and will continue to affect, demand for our services and our results of operations, and such fluctuations continue to be the single most important factor affecting our business and results of operations.

We began the quarter with one crew operating in the United States, and had two small crews operating later in the quarter. We are currently operating one large channel crew, and we expect to have that crew highly utilized through the remainder of the year in the United States. We expect our revenue to increase in the United States in the second quarter due to our strong backlog.

Our seasonal operations in Canada operated through the end of March, realizing an increase in fee revenue of 48% compared to the first quarter of 2024, and generated net income of $5.5 million and Adjusted EBITDA of $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. We believe that the improved operating results in our Canada operations are attributable to utilization of single node channels in conjunction with efficient operations in the first quarter.

We continue to test new single node channels in the field, and we expect to invest in increasing our channel count through the purchase of new equipment in the near future. We believe that investing in new single node channels will improve our revenue and margins due to improved crew efficiency with the lighter weight equipment.

While our revenues are mainly affected by the level of client demand for our services, our revenues are also affected by the pricing for our services that we negotiate with our clients and the productivity and utilization level of our data acquisition crews. Factors impacting productivity and utilization levels include: client demand, commodity prices, whether we enter into turnkey or dayrate contracts with our clients, the number and size of crews, the number of recording channels per crew, crew downtime related to inclement weather, delays in acquiring land access permits, agricultural or hunting activity, holiday schedules, short winter days, crew repositioning and equipment failure. To the extent we experience these factors, our operating results may be affected from quarter to quarter. Consequently, our efforts to negotiate more favorable contract terms in our supplemental service agreements, mitigate permit access delays and improve overall crew productivity may contribute to growth in our revenues.

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Results of Operations

U.S. Fee Revenues. Acquisition revenues for the first quarter of 2025 decreased 85% to $2.7 million compared to $18.3 million for the same period of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in crew utilization.

Canadian Fee Revenues. Acquisition revenues for the first quarter of 2025 increased 48% to $12.5 million compared to $8.5 million for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in crew utilization, and utilization of single node channels in our operations.

Total Revenues. Revenues for the first quarter of 2025 were $16.1 million compared to $31.6 million for the same period of 2024. Total revenues included a decrease of $4.0 million in reimbursable revenues.

U.S. Fee Operating Expenses. Acquisition expenses for the first quarter of 2025 decreased 64% to $4.6 million compared to $12.9 million for the same period of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to an overall decrease in crew production and utilization during the period. US fee operating expenses include a component of recurring fixed costs related to primarily to payroll and insurance whether or not our crews are operating.

Canadian Fee Operating Expenses. Acquisition expenses for the first quarter of 2025 increased 50% to $6.3 million compared to $4.2 million for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily due to an overall increase in crew production and utilization during the period.

Reimbursable Revenues and Costs. These revenues and expenses are passed through to our clients and are job specific and vary significantly from year to year. The costs are agreed to by our clients prior to contracting with outside vendors for the various tasks.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased slightly during the first quarter of 2025 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2024, to $2.0 million from $2.2 million. The decrease was primarily due to our focus on cost reduction initiatives.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization expenses for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024 totaled $1.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Depreciation expenses decreased in 2025 compared to 2024 as a result of multiple years of reduced capital expenditures.

Total Operating Costs. Total operating costs for the first quarter of 2025 were $15.0 million, representing a 63% decrease from the same period of 2024. The decrease in operating costs for the first quarter of 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily due to the factors described above.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024 was $3,000 and $202,000, respectively. These amounts represent effective tax rates of 0.3 and 3.3% for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s nominal effective tax rate for the periods above was due to the presence of net operating loss carryovers and adjustments to the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Our effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal rate of 21.0% for certain items such as state and local taxes, valuation allowances, and non-deductible expenses. For further information, see Note 9 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Use of Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP measure)

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus interest expense, interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense and other unusual items. Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental financial measure to assess:

| ● | the financial performance of our assets without regard to financing methods, capital structures, taxes or historical cost basis;

| ● | our operating performance over time in relation to other companies that own similar assets and that we believe calculate Adjusted EBITDA in a similar manner; and

| ● | the ability of our assets to generate cash sufficient for us to pay potential interest costs.

We also understand that such data are used by investors to assess our performance. However, the term Adjusted EBITDA is not defined under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of operating income or operating

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performance presented in accordance with GAAP. When assessing our operating performance, investors and others should not consider this data in isolation or as a substitute for net income (loss), cash flow from operating activities or other cash flow data calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures utilized by other companies since other companies may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner as us. Further, the results presented by Adjusted EBITDA cannot be achieved without incurring the costs that the measure excludes: interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and other unusual items. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, there were no unusual items and therefore Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA were equal.

The reconciliation of our Adjusted EBITDA to our Net (loss) income and net cash provided by (used in), which are the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, are provided in the following tables (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
​ | 2025 US | ​ | 2025 CA | ​ | 2025 Consol. | ​ | 2024 US | ​ | 2024 CA | ​ | 2024 Consol.
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,546) | ​ | $ | 5,538 | ​ | $ | 992 | ​ | $ | 2,304 | ​ | $ | 3,542 | ​ | $ | 5,846
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | 1,077 | ​ | ​ | 194 | ​ | ​ | 1,271 | ​ | ​ | 1,305 | ​ | ​ | 284 | ​ | ​ | 1,589
Interest expense (income), net | ​ | 63 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 72 | ​ | ​ | (63) | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | (67)
Income tax expense | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 202 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 202
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (3,403) | ​ | $ | 5,741 | ​ | $ | 2,338 | ​ | $ | 3,748 | ​ | $ | 3,822 | ​ | $ | 7,570

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
​ | 2025 US | ​ | 2025 CA | ​ | 2025 Consol. | ​ | 2024 US | ​ | 2024 CA | ​ | 2024 Consol.
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 1,544 | ​ | $ | 208 | ​ | $ | 1,752 | ​ | $ | 1,996 | ​ | $ | (126) | ​ | $ | 1,870
Changes in working capital and other items | ​ | (4,530) | ​ | ​ | 5,587 | ​ | ​ | 1,057 | ​ | ​ | 1,972 | ​ | ​ | 3,999 | ​ | ​ | 5,971
Non-cash adjustments to net loss | ​ | (417) | ​ | ​ | (54) | ​ | ​ | (471) | ​ | ​ | (220) | ​ | ​ | (51) | ​ | ​ | (271)
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (3,403) | ​ | $ | 5,741 | ​ | $ | 2,338 | ​ | $ | 3,748 | ​ | $ | 3,822 | ​ | $ | 7,570

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of cash are amounts earned from the seismic data acquisition services we provide to our clients. Our principal uses of cash are the amounts used to provide these services, including expenses related to our operations and acquiring new equipment. Accordingly, our cash position depends (as do our revenues) on the level of demand for our services. Historically, cash generated from our operations along with cash reserves have been sufficient to fund our working capital requirements and, to some extent, our capital expenditures. Management believes cash on hand and working capital are sufficient to fund operating and investing cash flow requirements.

Cash Flows. Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $1.9 million for the same period of 2024. This variance was primarily due to various changes in the balances of our operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $185,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Net cash used in investing activities was $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in cash used in investing activities between periods of $0.7 million was primarily due to a decrease in cash capital expenditures to $0 from $0.7 million for the first three months of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Net cash used in financing activities was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and was primarily comprised of principal payments of $0.4 million and $0.2 million under our notes payable and finance leases, respectively. Net cash used in financing activities was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and was primarily comprised of principal payments of $0.4 million and $0.2 million under our notes payable and finance leases, respectively.

Capital Expenditures. The Board of Directors approved a 2025 capital budget in the amount of $6.0 million for capital expenditures. Historically, we have funded most of our capital expenditures through cash flow from operations, cash reserves, equipment term loans and finance leases.

Capital Resources. Historically, we have primarily relied on cash flows from operations, cash reserves and borrowings from commercial banks to fund our working capital requirements.

Special Cash Dividend. Declared on March 28, 2024, the $0.32 per share special cash dividend on the Company’s common stock was paid on May 6, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 22, 2024. The aggregate payment was approximately $9.9 million.

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Loan Agreement

Dominion Credit Facility. On September 30, 2019, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Dominion Bank, a Texas state bank (“Dominion Bank”). On September 30, 2023, we entered into a Fifth Loan Modification Agreement (the “Fifth Modification Agreement”) to the Loan and Security Agreement (as amended by (i) that certain Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2020, (ii) that certain Second Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2021, (iii) that certain Third Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2022, (iv) that certain Fourth Modification Agreement dated as of March 21, 2023, and (v) the Fifth Modification Agreement, the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement provided for a secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in an amount up to the lesser of (I) an amount equal to the Borrowing Base or (II) $5 million. Our obligations under the Loan Agreement was secured by a Certificate of Deposit with Dominion Bank for $5 million (the “Deposit”) in our collateral account. On May 2, 2024, the collateral deposit of $5 million was released and the Loan Agreement was terminated.

Dominion Letters of Credit. As of March 31, 2025, we have no outstanding letters of credit.

Other Indebtedness

As of March 31, 2025, we have three outstanding short-term notes payable to finance companies for various insurance premiums totaling $1.5 million. As of December 31, 2024, we had one outstanding short-term note payable to a finance company for various insurance premiums totaling $168,000.

In addition, we lease certain seismic recording equipment and vehicles under leases classified as finance leases. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, include finance leases of $2.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Maturities and Interest Rates of Debt

The following tables set forth the aggregate principal amount (in thousands) under our outstanding notes payable and the interest rates as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2025 | ​ | December 31, 2024
Notes payable to finance company for insurance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Aggregate principal amount outstanding | ​ | $ | 1,474 | ​ | $ | 168
Interest rates 6.35% and 9.74% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The aggregate maturities of finance leases as of March 31, 2025, are as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2025 - March 2026 | ​ | $ | 836 | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2026 - March 2027 | ​ | ​ | 799 | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2027 - March 2028 | ​ | ​ | 462 | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2028 - March 2029 | ​ | ​ | 66 | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations under finance leases | ​ | $ | 2,163 | ​ | ​ | ​

​

Interest rates on these leases range from 4.86% to 8.74%.

Contractual Obligations

We believe that our capital resources, including our cash on hand, short-term investments and cash flow from operations will be adequate to meet our current operational needs. We believe that we will be able to finance our 2025 capital expenditures through cash flow from operations and borrowings from commercial lenders. However, our ability to satisfy working capital requirements, meet debt repayment obligations, and fund future capital requirements will depend principally upon our future operating performance, which is subject to the risks inherent in our business, and will also depend on the extent to which the current economic climate adversely affects the ability of our customers, and/or potential customers, to promptly pay amounts owing to us under their service contracts with us.

Critical Accounting Policies

Information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates is included in Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 seeks to improve transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods after January 1, 2025, and will be reflected through additional disclosures in our 2025 10-K.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, ASU 2024-03 enhances the disclosures required for certain expense captions in the Company's annual and interim consolidated financial statements. This ASU is effective prospectively or retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its disclosures

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIV E DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There has been no material change in our market risk profile during the three months ended March 31, 2025. For additional information about our market risk profile, refer to "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 7A. in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

We are exposed to certain market risks arising from the use of financial instruments in the ordinary course of business. These risks arise primarily as a result of potential changes to operating concentration of credit risk and changes in interest rates. We have not entered into any hedge arrangements, commodity swap agreements, commodity futures, options or other derivative financial instruments. We also conduct business in Canada, which subjects our results of operations and cash flows to foreign currency exchange rate risk.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURE S

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in all material respects, with regard to the recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, for information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for a discussion of the Company’s legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTOR S

There have been no material changes in the significant risk factors that may affect our business, results of operations or liquidity as described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

| (a) | Not applicable.

| (b) | None.

| (c) | During the three months ended March 31, 2025, none of the Company's directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (each as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

​

​ | ​ | ​
Number |  | Exhibit
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
31.1* | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
​ | ​ | ​
31.2* | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
​ | ​ | ​
32.1** ​ | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
​ | ​ | ​
32.2** | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
​ | ​ | ​
101.INS* | ​ | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
​ | ​ | ​
101.SCH* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101.CAL* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101.LAB* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101.PRE* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101.DEF* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition.
​ | ​ | ​
104* | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** | Furnished herewith

​

​

​

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SIGNATURE S

​

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

​ | DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY
​ | ​ | ​
DATE: May 14, 2025 | By: | /s/ William A. Clark
​ | ​ | William A. Clark
​ | ​ | President and Chief Executive Officer
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
DATE: May 14, 2025 | By: | /s/ Ian Shaw
​ | ​ | Ian Shaw
​ | ​ | Chief Financial Officer

​

​

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