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`

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

Or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number 001-38626

MESA AIR GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada |  | 85-0302351
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
410 North 44th Street, Suite 700 Phoenix, Arizona 85008 |  | 85008
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (602) 685-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value |  | MESA |  | Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 12, 2025, the registrant had 41,866,972 shares of common stock, no par value per share, issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
Item 1. Financial Statements | 4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity | 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 36
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 37
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION | 38
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 38
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 38
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 38
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 38
Item 5. Other Information | 38
Item 6. Exhibits | 38
SIGNATURES | 40

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as "future," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "predicts," "will," "would," “should,” "could," "can," "may," and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 13, 2025. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months, or periods refer to our fiscal years ended September 30 and the associated quarters, months, and periods of those fiscal years. Each of the terms "the Company," "Mesa Airlines," "Mesa," "we," "us" and "our" as used herein refers collectively to Mesa Air Group, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated. We do not assume any obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements.

The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Some of the key factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations include:

▪
public health epidemics or pandemics;
▪
the supply and retention of qualified airline pilots and mechanics and associated costs;
▪
the volatility of pilot and mechanic attrition;
▪
dependence on, and changes to, or non-renewal of, our Amended and Restated United Capacity Purchase Agreement;
▪
failure to meet certain operational performance targets in our Amended and Restated United Capacity Purchase Agreement, which could result in termination of such agreement;
▪
increases in our labor costs;
▪
reduced utilization - the percentage derived from dividing (i) the number of block hours actually flown during a given month by (ii) the maximum number of block hours that could be flown during such month under our capacity purchase agreement;
▪
the direct operation of regional jets for United Airlines, Inc. ("United");
▪
the financial strength of United and its ability to successfully manage its businesses through potential adverse events impacting the industry
▪
restrictions under our Amended and Restated United Capacity Purchase Agreement to enter into new regional air carrier service agreements, which will remain in place until the earlier to occur of (i) January 1, 2026 and (ii) the Company’s satisfaction of certain Performance Milestones (as defined in the Amended and Restated United CPA);
▪
our significant amount of debt and other contractual obligations;
▪
our compliance with ongoing financial covenants under our credit facilities
▪
our ability to keep costs low and execute our growth strategies; and
▪
the effects of extreme or severe weather conditions that impacts our ability to complete scheduled flights.

While we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, whether as a result of any new information, future events, or otherwise, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law.

3

Part I – Financi al Information

Item 1. Financi al Statements

MESA AIR GROUP, INC.

Condensed Consolida ted Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share amounts) (June 30, 2025 is unaudited)

|  | June 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 42,472 |  |  | $ | 15,621 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 3,048 |  |  |  | 3,009 |
Receivables, net ($6,325 and $1,883 from related party) |  |  | 8,724 |  |  |  | 5,263 |
Expendable parts and supplies, net |  |  | 16,172 |  |  |  | 28,272 |
Assets held for sale |  |  | 60,311 |  |  |  | 5,741 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 2,714 |  |  |  | 3,371 |
Total current assets |  |  | 133,441 |  |  |  | 61,277 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 31,850 |  |  |  | 426,351 |
Lease and equipment deposits |  |  | 637 |  |  |  | 1,289 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 7,255 |  |  |  | 7,231 |
Deferred heavy maintenance, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,396 |
Assets held for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86,605 |
Other assets |  |  | 5,466 |  |  |  | 7,709 |
Total assets |  | $ | 178,649 |  |  | $ | 596,858 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases ($3,998 and $6,604 from related party) |  | $ | 84,725 |  |  | $ | 50,455 |
Current portion of deferred revenue |  |  | 5,532 |  |  |  | 3,932 |
Current maturities of operating leases |  |  | 1,693 |  |  |  | 1,681 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 50,132 |  |  |  | 72,096 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 9,294 |  |  |  | 12,797 |
Customer deposits |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 1,189 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 23,015 |  |  |  | 32,308 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 174,617 |  |  |  | 174,458 |
Noncurrent liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt and finance leases, excluding current portion ($29,020 and $30,914 from related party) |  |  | 28,245 |  |  |  | 259,816 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities |  |  | 6,872 |  |  |  | 6,863 |
Deferred credits from related party |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,020 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 575 |  |  |  | 8,173 |
Deferred revenue, net of current portion |  |  | 7,787 |  |  |  | 5,707 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 1,837 |  |  |  | 28,579 |
Total noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 45,316 |  |  |  | 312,158 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 219,933 |  |  |  | 486,616 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock of no par value and additional paid-in capital, 125,000,000 shares authorized; 41,861,544 (2025) and 41,331,719 (2024) shares issued and outstanding, 4,899,497 (2025) and 4,899,497 (2024) warrants issued and outstanding |  |  | 273,183 |  |  |  | 272,376 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (314,467 | ) |  |  | (162,134 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | (41,284 | ) |  |  | 110,242 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 178,649 |  |  | $ | 596,858 |

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

MESA AIR GROUP, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Stateme nts of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract revenue (2025 - $68,424 and $212,969 and 2024 - $93,867 and $301,796 from related party) |  | $ | 69,940 |  |  | $ | 95,596 |  |  | $ | 219,041 |  |  | $ | 310,516 |
Pass-through and other revenue |  |  | 22,844 |  |  |  | 15,197 |  |  |  | 71,723 |  |  |  | 50,636 |
Total operating revenues |  |  | 92,784 |  |  |  | 110,793 |  |  |  | 290,764 |  |  |  | 361,152 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flight operations |  |  | 36,551 |  |  |  | 45,455 |  |  |  | 108,021 |  |  |  | 146,602 |
Maintenance |  |  | 41,417 |  |  |  | 44,266 |  |  |  | 131,483 |  |  |  | 137,165 |
Aircraft rent |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 1,684 |  |  |  | 3,038 |  |  |  | 4,296 |
General and administrative |  |  | 11,585 |  |  |  | 9,715 |  |  |  | 32,588 |  |  |  | 32,857 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,377 |  |  |  | 9,730 |  |  |  | 17,311 |  |  |  | 32,846 |
Asset impairment |  |  | (52 | ) |  |  | 7,880 |  |  |  | 111,786 |  |  |  | 50,923 |
Loss on sale of assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54,397 |  |  |  | 150 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | 1,090 |  |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | 5,098 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 92,930 |  |  |  | 119,820 |  |  |  | 458,959 |  |  |  | 409,937 |
Operating loss |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | (9,027 | ) |  |  | (168,195 | ) |  |  | (48,785 | )
Other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (3,256 | ) |  |  | (9,032 | ) |  |  | (15,654 | ) |  |  | (30,832 | )
Interest income |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 45 |
(Loss) gain on investments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (776 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,454 |
Unrealized loss on investments, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,025 | ) |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  | (6,073 | )
Gain on extinguishment of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,954 |
Gain on debt forgiveness |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,500 |  |  |  | 10,500 |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 23,946 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 21,126 |  |  |  | (234 | )
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 20,764 |  |  |  | (11,691 | ) |  |  | 10,034 |  |  |  | (17,186 | )
Income (loss) before taxes |  |  | 20,618 |  |  |  | (20,718 | ) |  |  | (158,161 | ) |  |  | (65,971 | )
Income tax (benefit) expense |  |  | (238 | ) |  |  | (810 | ) |  |  | (5,829 | ) |  |  | 126 |
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 20,856 |  |  | $ | (19,908 | ) |  | $ | (152,332 | ) |  | $ | (66,097 | )
Net income (loss) per share attributable to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
common shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | (0.48 | ) |  | $ | (3.68 | ) |  | $ | (1.61 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | (0.48 | ) |  | $ | (3.68 | ) |  | $ | (1.61 | )
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 41,439 |  |  |  | 41,217 |  |  |  | 41,368 |  |  |  | 41,075 |
Diluted |  |  | 41,683 |  |  |  | 41,217 |  |  |  | 41,368 |  |  |  | 41,075 |

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

MESA AIR GROUP, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statem ents of Stockholders' Equity

(In thousands, except share amounts) (Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Common |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Stock and |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of |  |  | Number of |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Warrants |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Total |
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  |  | 40,940,326 |  |  |  | 4,899,497 |  |  | $ | 271,155 |  |  | $ | (71,119 | ) |  | $ | 200,036 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 427 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 427 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (57,850 | ) |  |  | (57,850 | )
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 40,940,326 |  |  |  | 4,899,497 |  |  |  | 271,582 |  |  |  | (128,969 | ) |  |  | 142,612 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 372 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 372 |
Payment of tax withholding for RSUs |  |  | (1,490 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Restricted shares issued |  |  | 178,010 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Employee share purchases |  |  | 55,372 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,660 |  |  |  | 11,660 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 41,172,218 |  |  |  | 4,899,497 |  |  | $ | 271,982 |  |  | $ | (117,309 | ) |  | $ | 154,672 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 248 |
Payment of tax withholding for RSUs |  |  | (102,436 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (126 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (126 | )
Restricted shares issued |  |  | 242,422 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,908 | ) |  |  | (19,908 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 41,312,204 |  |  |  | 4,899,497 |  |  |  | 272,104 |  |  |  | (137,217 | ) |  |  | 134,887 |

|  | Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Common |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Stock and |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of |  |  | Number of |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Warrants |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Total |
Balance at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 41,331,719 |  |  |  | 4,899,497 |  |  | $ | 272,376 |  |  | $ | (162,134 | ) |  | $ | 110,242 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 279 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (114,558 | ) |  |  | (114,558 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 41,331,719 |  |  | $ | 4,899,497 |  |  | $ | 272,655 |  |  | $ | (276,692 | ) |  | $ | (4,037 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 264 |
Payment of tax withholding for RSUs |  |  | (1,286 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Restricted shares issued |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (58,631 | ) |  |  | (58,631 | )
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 41,334,433 |  |  |  | 4,899,497 |  |  | $ | 272,918 |  |  | $ | (335,323 | ) |  | $ | (62,405 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 268 |
Payment of tax withholding for RSUs |  |  | (1,286 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | )
Restricted shares issued |  |  | 528,397 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,856 |  |  |  | 20,856 |
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  | $ | 41,861,544 |  |  | $ | 4,899,497 |  |  | $ | 273,183 |  |  | $ | (314,467 | ) |  | $ | (41,284 | )

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

MESA AIR GROUP, INC.

Condensed Consolidated S tatements of Cash Flows

(In thousands) (Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (152,332 | ) |  | $ | (66,097 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 17,311 |  |  |  | 32,846 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | 811 |  |  |  | 1,047 |
Unrealized loss on investments, net |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 6,073 |
Realized gain on investments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,454 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (7,597 | ) |  |  | (355 | )
Write off of warrant liability |  |  | (25,125 | ) |  |  | — |
Amortization of deferred credits |  |  | (4,126 | ) |  |  | (798 | )
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs and accretion of interest into long-term debt |  |  | 4,163 |  |  |  | 6,243 |
Asset impairment |  |  | 111,786 |  |  |  | 50,923 |
Loss on sale of assets |  |  | 54,397 |  |  |  | 150 |
(Gain) on extinguishment of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,954 | )
(Gain) on debt forgiveness |  |  | (4,500 | ) |  |  | (10,500 | )
Other |  |  | 6,051 |  |  |  | 3,187 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables |  |  | (7,869 | ) |  |  | 2,300 |
Expendable parts and supplies |  |  | (5,977 | ) |  |  | (1,407 | )
Prepaid expenses and other operating assets and liabilities |  |  | 1,206 |  |  |  | 4,006 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (21,964 | ) |  |  | 6,055 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 3,680 |  |  |  | (8,302 | )
Deferred heavy maintenance |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,637 | )
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | (13,311 | ) |  |  | 5,771 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (501 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  |  | (43,346 | ) |  |  | 19,596 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (5,411 | ) |  |  | (16,908 | )
Proceeds from sale of aircraft and engines |  |  | 198,973 |  |  |  | 127,136 |
Proceeds from sale of investments in equity securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,729 |
Investment transaction costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (380 | )
Refund of equipment and other deposits |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 341 |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  | 193,662 |  |  |  | 112,918 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86,855 |
Principal payments on long-term debt and finance leases |  |  | (123,422 | ) |  |  | (235,156 | )
Debt prepayment costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (922 | )
Proceeds from issuance of ESPP |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48 |
Payment of tax withholding for RSUs |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (126 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (123,426 | ) |  |  | (149,301 | )
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 26,890 |  |  |  | (16,787 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 18,630 |  |  |  | 36,072 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 45,520 |  |  | $ | 19,285 |
Supplemental cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 11,155 |  |  | $ | 23,344 |
Operating lease payments in operating cash flows |  | $ | 2,109 |  |  | $ | 3,738 |
Supplemental non-cash operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities |  | $ | 2,936 |  |  | $ | 419 |
Supplemental non-cash financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal payments in exchange for transfer of aircraft |  | $ | 73,362 |  |  | $ | — |
Principal payments in exchange for transfer of equity investment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,610 |
Principal forgiven |  | $ | 4,500 |  |  | $ | 10,500 |

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

MESA AIR GROUP, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolid ated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.
Organization and Operations

About Mesa Air Group, Inc.

Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, Mesa Air Group, Inc. ("Mesa," "Mesa Airlines," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us") is the holding company of Mesa Airlines, a regional air carrier providing scheduled passenger service to 79 cities in 31 states, Cuba, and Mexico. As of June 30, 2025, Mesa operated a fleet of 60 Embraer 175 ("E-175") regional aircraft with approximately 254 daily departures. The aircraft in Mesa’s fleet were operated under the Company’s Amended and Restated Capacity Purchase Agreement ("CPA"), as United Express, pursuant to the terms of the CPA entered into with United. Except as set forth in the following sentence, all of the Company’s consolidated contract revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were derived from operations associated with the CPA, leases of aircraft to a third party, and Mesa Pilot Development ("MPD"). Revenues during the nine months ended June 30, 2024 also included revenues derived from our Flight Services Agreement ("FSA") with DHL Network Operations (USA), inc. ("DHL"), which terminated in March 2024. Additionally, our leases of aircraft to a third party terminated upon the sale of such aircraft to United during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

The CPA involves a revenue-guarantee arrangement whereby United pays fixed-fees for each aircraft under contract, departure, flight hour (measured from takeoff to landing, excluding taxi time) or block hour (measured from takeoff to landing, including taxi time), and reimbursement of certain direct operating expenses in exchange for providing flight services. United also pays certain expenses directly to suppliers, such as fuel, ground operations and landing fees. Under the terms of the CPA, United controls route selection, pricing, and seat inventories, reducing our exposure to fluctuations in passenger traffic, fare levels, and fuel prices.

Merger Agreement

On April 4, 2025, the Company entered into an Agreement, Plan of Conversion and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Republic Airways Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Republic"). Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, Republic will merge with and into the Company (the "Merger"), with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation following the Merger. In connection with the Merger, immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"), the Company will convert from a Nevada corporation to a Delaware corporation pursuant to a Plan of Conversion (the "Conversion).

Effect on Capital Stock

At the Effective Time, each share of common stock (“Republic Common Stock”), par value $0.001 per share, of Republic issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than any Cancelled Shares (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and dissenting shares held by stockholders who (i) have not voted in favor of the Merger or consented to it in writing and (ii) have properly demanded appraisal of such shares of Republic Common Stock in accordance with, and have complied in all respects with, the provisions of Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law), shall thereupon be converted into the right to receive 584.90 validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock (“Mesa Common Stock”), no par value per share, of Mesa (the “Merger Consideration”).

Treatment of Equity Awards

Immediately prior to the Effective Time, (i) any vesting conditions applicable to each Parent RSU (as defined in the Merger Agreement) shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, accelerate in full, and (ii) each Parent RSU shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, be cancelled and shall only entitle the holder of such Parent RSU to receive the number of shares of Mesa Common Stock subject to such Parent RSU immediately prior to the Effective Time.

Immediately prior to the Effective Time, (i) each outstanding Republic RSU (as defined in the Merger Agreement) that has vested in accordance with its terms (including each outstanding Republic RSU that will become vested upon the closing of the Merger) (a “Vested Republic RSU”) shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, be cancelled and shall only entitle the holder of such Vested Republic RSU to receive a number of whole shares of Mesa Common Stock (rounded up to the next whole share of Mesa Common Stock), which shares of Republic Common Stock shall be converted into Mesa Common Stock, and (ii) each outstanding Republic RSU that is not a Vested Republic RSU (an “Unvested Republic RSU”) shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, be assumed by Mesa and converted into the right to receive an award of restricted shares of Mesa Common Stock pursuant

8

to the Parent Equity Award Plan (as defined in the Merger Agreement) (each, a “Parent Restricted Stock Award”) in an amount equal to the number of whole shares of Mesa Common Stock (rounded up to the next whole share of Mesa Common Stock) equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) the Exchange Ratio by (y) the total number of shares of Republic Common Stock subject to such Unvested Republic RSU immediately prior to the Effective Time. Each Republic RSU Award assumed and converted into a Mesa Restricted Stock Award shall continue to have, and shall be subject to, the same terms and conditions (including with respect to vesting) as applied to the corresponding Republic RSU Award as of immediately prior to the Effective Time.

Conditions to the Merger

Each of Mesa’s and Republic's obligation to consummate the Merger is subject to a number of conditions, including, among others, the following, as further described in the Merger Agreement: (i) approval of the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement by (a) the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Republic Common Stock entitled to vote thereon and (b) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Mesa Common Stock, (ii) expiration of the waiting period (or extension thereof) under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, (iii) effectiveness of the registration statement relating to the transaction, (iv) the shares of Mesa Common Stock to be issued in the Merger being approved for listing on NASDAQ, (v) no governmental entity shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any law or order that has the effect of making illegal, enjoining, or otherwise restraining or prohibiting the consummation of the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement, (vi) the receipt of requisite approvals from specified aviation authorities, (vii) the representations and warranties of the other party being true and correct, subject to the materiality standards contained in the Merger Agreement, (viii) material compliance by the other party with its covenants, (ix) no material adverse effect having occurred with respect to the other party since the signing of the Merger Agreement, (x) the satisfaction of certain specified conditions of the Three Party Agreement (as defined below), (xi) United shall not have materially breached the terms of the CPA Side Letter (as defined in the Merger Agreement) or provided Mesa or Republic with written notice of its intention not to perform or comply with any of the terms or conditions under the Go-Forward CPA (as defined in the Merger Agreement), and (xiii) the filing by Mesa of its Form 10-K for the period ended September 30, 2024 and Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2024. The conditions set forth in subsection (xiii) have been satisfied.

Representations and Warranties; Covenants

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by Mesa and Republic. The Merger Agreement also contains customary pre-closing covenants, including the obligation of Mesa and Republic to conduct their respective businesses in the ordinary course consistent with past practice and to refrain from taking specified actions without the consent of the other party. Each of Mesa and Republic has agreed not to solicit any offer or proposal for specified alternative transactions, or, subject to certain exceptions relating to the receipt of unsolicited offers that may be deemed to be “superior proposals” (as defined in the Merger Agreement), to participate in discussions or engage in negotiations regarding such an offer or proposal with, or furnish any nonpublic information regarding such an offer or proposal to, any person that has made such an offer or proposal.

Termination and Termination Fee

The Merger Agreement contains certain customary termination rights, including, among others, (i) the right of either Mesa or Republic to terminate the Merger Agreement if Mesa or Republic’s stockholders fail to approve the Merger, (ii) the right of either Mesa or Republic to terminate the Merger Agreement if (a) the board of directors of the other party changes its recommendation to approve the transactions or (b) the other party materially breaches any of its representations, warranties or covenants contained in the Merger Agreement in a manner that causes certain conditions to closing to not be satisfied, (iii) the right of either Mesa or Republic to terminate the Merger Agreement if, prior to the receipt of such party’s stockholder approval, such party accepts a superior proposal and such party enters into a definitive agreement for such superior proposal and pays the termination fee to the other party, (iv) the right of either Mesa or Republic to terminate the Merger Agreement if the Merger has not occurred by January 5, 2026, and a further extension until April 6, 2026, in certain circumstances (the “Outside Date”), and (v) the right of Republic to terminate the Merger Agreement if there is a breach of the Three Party Agreement or the CPA Side Letter in a manner that causes certain conditions to closing to not be satisfied. If the Merger Agreement is terminated pursuant to certain termination rights, the terminating party will be required to pay a termination fee of $1.5 million to the non-terminating party.

Description of Merger Agreement Not Complete

The Merger Agreement and the above description have been included to provide investors and security holders with information regarding the terms of the Merger Agreement. They are not intended to provide any other factual information about Mesa or Republic. The representations, warranties, covenants and other agreements contained in the Merger Agreement were made only for purposes of that agreement and as of specific dates; were solely for the benefit of the parties to the Merger Agreement; and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the parties, including being qualified and modified by confidential disclosures made by each contracting party to the other for the purposes of allocating contractual risk between them. Investors should be aware that the representations, warranties, covenants and other agreements or any description thereof may not reflect the actual state of facts or condition of Mesa or Republic. Moreover, information

9

concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties, covenants and other agreements may change after the date of the Merger Agreement. Further, investors should read the Merger Agreement not in isolation, but only in conjunction with the other information that Mesa includes in reports, statements and other filings it makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Three Party Agreement

Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, Mesa, Republic and United, among other parties, entered into that certain Three Party Agreement (the “Three Party Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things: (i) Mesa will take certain actions at or prior to the closing of the Merger to dispose of certain assets, extinguish certain liabilities and effectuate certain related transactions; (ii) United will take certain actions at or prior to the closing of the Merger to facilitate Mesa’s actions in the foregoing clause (i); and (iii) Mesa at the closing of the Merger will conduct a primary issuance of shares of Mesa Common Stock equal to six percent of the issued and outstanding shares of Mesa Common Stock after giving effect to the issuance of Mesa Common Stock in the Merger (the “Primary Issuance”), which Primary Issuance will (a) first become available to United to the extent of certain financial contributions made by United to Mesa at or prior to the effective time of the Merger, (b) second, to the extent of any remainder, become available to the surviving corporation to satisfy certain liabilities, and (c) third, to the extent of any remainder, become available on a pro rata basis to the persons who, as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, held shares of Mesa Common Stock.

The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the Three Party Agreement is only a summary, does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the full text of the Merger Agreement and the Three Party Agreement, which are attached as Exhibit 2.1 and 10.1, respectively, to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on April 8, 2025.

Liquidity and Going Concern

During our three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, costs associated with the transition of our operations with American to United, increased costs associated with pilot wages, together with increasing interest rates adversely impacted our financial results, cash flows, financial position, and other key financial ratios. Additionally, United requested that we accelerate the removal of our CRJ-900 aircraft and transition the pilots to our E-175 fleet. These events will lead to increased costs and impact our block hour capabilities while these pilots are in training.

As a result, during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, these challenges resulted in a negative impact on the Company’s financial results highlighted by net loss of $152.3 million, primarily due to a $54.4 million loss recorded related to the sale of 18 E-175 aircraft and $111.8 million in impairment related to held for sale assets and the write down of net book value of 10 E-175 aircraft. These conditions and events raised concerns about our ability to continue to fund our operations and meet our debt obligations over the next twelve months from the filing of this Form 10-Q.

To address such concerns, management developed and implemented several material changes to our business designed to ensure the Company could continue to fund its operations and meet its debt obligations over the next twelve months. The following measures were implemented during the three months ended June 30, 2025, and through the date of issuance of the financial statements.

•
On April 4, 2025, the Company entered into the Three Party Agreement among United, Republic, and the Company, as well as a Merger Agreement entered into by Republic and Mesa, which provides for, among other things, the following:
o
Termination of the United CPA which will be replaced with a new long-term CPA
o
The Company to sell or dispose of all remaining Eligible Assets (as defined in the Three Party Agreement).
o
The Company to extinguish all remaining debt with cash and sale of assets. Any remaining debt will be assumed by the surviving corporation or forgiven by United.
o
A three percent (3%) increase in CPA block hour rates, retroactive to January 1, 2025.
o
The transfer of all of the Company's rights and obligations under its agreements with Archer (as discussed in Note 15).
•
On April 4, 2025, we entered into the Sixth Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Capacity Purchase Agreement with United which provides for the following:
o
The extension of the CPA rate increases agreed upon in the First Amendment to our Third Amended and Restated United CPA and the Second Amendment to our Third Amended and Restated United CPA, dated

10

January 11, 2024, and January 19, 2024, respectively (the "January 2024 United CPA Amendments”), retroactive to January 1, 2025, through March 31, 2026.
o
The extension of incentives for achieving certain performance metrics, retroactive to July 1, 2024, through March 31, 2026.
•
On April 4, 2025, we entered into the Sixth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement providing for the waiver of an existing financial covenant default with respect to the period ended March 31, 2025, and a projected financial covenant default with respect to the periods ending June 30, 2025, September 30, 2025, December 31, 2025, and March 31, 2026, each relating to a minimum liquidity requirement under our United Revolving Credit Facility.
•
On April 3, 2025, we entered into a purchase agreement with a third party which provides for the sale of 23 GE model CF34-8C engines to the third party for expected gross proceeds of $16.3 million, which will be used to pay down our UST Loan.
•
Based on the most recent appraisal value of our spare parts, we have $10.5 million of borrowing capacity under our United Revolving Credit Facility.
•
In addition to already executed agreements to sell aircraft, the Company is actively seeking arrangements to sell other surplus assets primarily related to the CRJ fleet including aircraft, engines, and spare parts to reduce debt and optimize operations.
•
We have delayed and/or deferred major spending on aircraft and engine maintenance to match the current and projected level of flight activity.

The Company believes the plans and initiatives outlined above have effectively alleviated the financial concerns and will allow the Company to meet its cash obligations for the next twelve months following the issuance of its financial statements. The forecast of undiscounted cash flows prepared to determine if the Company has the ability to meet its cash obligations over the next twelve months was prepared with significant judgment and estimates of future cash flows based on projections of CPA block hours, maintenance events, labor costs, and other relevant factors. Assumptions used in the forecast may change or not occur as expected.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company has $84.7 million of principal maturity payments on long-term debt due within the next twelve months. We plan to meet these obligations with our cash on hand, ongoing cashflows from our operations, and the liquidity created from the additional measures identified above. If our plans are not realized, we intend to explore additional opportunities to create liquidity by refinancing and deferring repayment of our principal maturity payments that are due within the next twelve months. The Company continues to monitor covenant compliance with its lenders as any noncompliance could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

United Capacity Purchase Agreement

Under the United CPA, we currently have the ability to fly up to 60 aircraft for United. As of June 30, 2025, we operated 60 E-175 aircraft under our Third Amended and Restated Capacity Purchase Agreement with United dated December 27, 2022, which amended and restated the Second Amended and Restated Capacity Purchase Agreement dated November 4, 2020 (as amended, the “United CPA” or the "Amended and Restated United CPA"). Under the United CPA, United owns all of the E-175 aircraft as of June 30, 2025. The E-175 aircraft owned by United and leased to us have terms expiring between 2026 and 2028.

In exchange for providing flight services under our United CPA, we receive a fixed monthly minimum amount per aircraft under contract plus certain additional amounts based on exceeding established goals for certain operational metrics. United also reimburses us for certain costs on an actual basis, including property tax per aircraft and passenger liability insurance. Other expenses, including fuel and landing fees, are directly paid to suppliers by United.

United reimburses us on a pass-through basis for certain costs related to heavy airframe and engine maintenance, landing gear, auxiliary power units ("APUs") and component maintenance for the aircraft owned by United. Our United CPA permits United, subject to certain conditions, including the payment of certain costs tied to aircraft type, to terminate the agreement in its discretion, or remove aircraft from service, by giving us notice of 90 days or more. If United elects to

11

terminate our CPA in its entirety or permanently remove select aircraft from service, we are permitted to return any of the affected aircraft leased from United at no cost to us.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we amended our United CPA, providing for the following:

•
The extension of the CPA rate increases agreed upon in the January 2024 United CPA Amendments through March 31, 2026.
•
The extension of incentives for achieving certain performance metrics through March 2026.
•
The commitment of a combined fleet of 60 CRJ-900 and E-175 aircraft through February 2025, and an entirely E-175 fleet by March 2025.
•
Reimbursement of up to $14.0 million of expenses related to the transition to an entirely E-175 fleet.
•
Amendment of certain scheduled exit dates for our E-175 and CRJ-900 Covered Aircraft (as defined in the United CPA).

In January 2024, the Amended and Restated United CPA was amended to provide for the following:

•
Increased CPA rates for E-175 aircraft, retroactive to October 1, 2023 through December 31, 2024;
•
Amended certain notice requirements for removal by United of up to eight CRJ-900 Covered Aircraft (as defined in the United CPA) from the United CPA;
•
Extended United's existing utilization waiver for the Company's operation of E-175 and CRJ-900 Covered Aircraft (as defined in the United CPA) to June 30, 2024.

Additionally, in January 2023, in consideration for entering in the Amended and Restated United CPA and providing the revolving line of credit, discussed in Note 8, the Company (i) granted United the right to designate one individual to the Company's board of directors (the "United Designee"), which occurred effective May 2, 2023 with the appointment of Jonathan Ireland and (ii) issued to United 4,042,061 shares of the Company’s common stock equal to approximately 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding capital stock on such date (the "United Shares"). United's board designee rights will terminate at such time as United's equity ownership in the Company falls below five percent (5%) of the Company's issued and outstanding stock.

United was also granted pre-emptive rights relating to the issuance of any equity securities by the Company and certain registration rights, set forth in a definitive registration rights agreement with United, granting United customary demand registration rights in respect of publicly registered offerings of the Company, subject to usual and customary exceptions and limitations.

Our United CPA is subject to termination prior to its expiration, including under the following circumstances:

•
If certain operational performance factors fall below a specified percentage for a specified time, subject to notice under certain circumstances;
•
If we fail to perform the material covenants, agreements, terms or conditions of our United CPA or similar agreements with United, subject to 30 days' notice and cure rights;
•
If either United or we become insolvent, file bankruptcy, or fail to pay debts when due, the non-defaulting party may terminate the agreement;
•
If we merge with, or if control of us is acquired by another air carrier or a corporation directly or indirectly owning or controlling another air carrier;
•
United, subject to certain conditions, including the payment of certain costs tied to aircraft type, may terminate the agreement in its discretion, or remove E-175 aircraft from service, by giving us notice of 90 days or more; and
•
If United elects to terminate our United CPA in its entirety or permanently remove aircraft from service, we are permitted to return any of the affected E-175 aircraft leased from United at no cost to us.

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2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") and Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended September 30, 2024 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024 on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements have been condensed or omitted in these condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and GAAP. These condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the results of operations for the interim periods presented.

Segment Reporting

As of June 30, 2025, our chief operating decision maker was the Chief Executive Officer. While we operate under a capacity purchase agreement, we do not manage our business based on any performance measure at the individual contract level. Our chief operating decision maker uses consolidated financial information to evaluate our performance and allocate resources, which is the same basis on which he communicates our results and performance to our Board of Directors. Accordingly, we have a single operating and reportable segment.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Contract Revenue and Pass-through and Other Revenue

We recognize contract revenue when the service is provided under our CPA. Under the CPA, United generally pays for each departure, flight hour or block hour incurred, and an amount per aircraft in service each month with additional incentives or penalties based on flight completion, on-time performance, and other operating metrics. Our performance obligation is met as each flight is completed, and revenue is recognized and reflected in contract revenue.

We recognize pass-through revenue when the service is provided under our CPA. Pass-through revenue represents reimbursements for certain direct expenses incurred including passenger liability insurance, property taxes, other direct costs defined within the agreements, and major maintenance on aircraft leased from United at nominal rates. Our performance obligation is met when each flight is completed or as the maintenance services are performed, and revenue is recognized and reflected in pass-through and other revenue.

We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received or are due from United in advance of our performance. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized approximately $1.3 million of previously deferred revenue and during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we deferred approximately $3.7 million in revenue. Deferred revenue is recognized as flights are completed over the remaining terms of the respective contracts.

13

The deferred revenue balance as of June 30, 2025 represents our aggregate remaining performance obligations that will be recognized as revenue over the period in which the performance obligations are satisfied, and is expected to be recognized as revenue as follows (in thousands):

Periods Ending September 30, |  | Total Deferred Revenue |
2025 (remainder of) |  | $ | 1,636 |
2026 |  |  | 5,498 |
2027 |  |  | 4,163 |
2028 |  |  | 2,022 |
Total |  | $ | 13,319 |

A portion of our compensation under our CPA with United is designed to reimburse the Company for certain aircraft ownership costs. Such costs include aircraft principal and interest debt service costs, aircraft depreciation, and interest expense or aircraft lease expense costs while the aircraft is under contract. We have concluded this component of the compensation under these agreements is lease revenue, as such agreements identify the "right of use" of a specific type and number of aircraft over a stated period of time. We account for the non-lease component under ASC 606 and account for the lease component under ASC 842. We allocate the consideration in the contract between the lease and non-lease components based on their stated contract prices, which is based on a cost basis approach representing our estimate of the stand-alone selling prices.

The lease revenue associated with our CPA is accounted for as an operating lease and is reflected as contract revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We recognized $0.2 million and $29.5 million of lease revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, and $26.1 million and $98.1 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. We have not separately stated aircraft rental income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss because the use of the aircraft is not a separate activity from the total service provided under our CPA.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. As a lessee, we have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and have elected to account for such components as a single lease component. Our operating lease activities are recorded in operating lease right-of-use assets, current maturities of operating leases, and noncurrent operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2025, we did not have any leases determined to be finance leases.

Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Certain variable lease payments are not included in the calculation of the right-of-use assets and lease liability due to uncertainty of the payment amount and are recorded as lease expense in the period incurred. In determining the present value of lease payments, we use either the implicit rate in the lease when it is readily determinable or our estimated incremental borrowing rate, based on information available at the lease commencement. Our lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while finance leases result in a front-loaded expense pattern.

As a lessee, we have elected a short-term lease practical expedient on all classes of underlying assets, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to leases with terms of 12 months or less.

We lease, at nominal rates, aircraft from United under our CPA, which are excluded from operating lease assets and liabilities as they do not represent embedded leases under ASC 842. Other than such leases at nominal amounts, we do no t have any aircraft leases from third parties. In the event that we or United decide to exit an activity involving leased aircraft, losses may be incurred. In the event that we exit an activity that results in exit losses, these losses are accrued as each aircraft is removed from operations for early termination penalties, lease settle up and other charges. Additionally, any remaining ROU assets and lease liabilities are written off.

Contract Liabilities

14

Contract liabilities consist of deferred credits for cost reimbursements from United related to aircraft modifications and pilot training associated with the CPA. The deferred credits are recognized over time depicting the pattern of the transfer of control of services resulting in ratable recognition of revenue over the remaining term of the CPA. Upon the sale of the 18 E-175 aircraft to United during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the deferred credits were written off

Current and non-current deferred credits are recorded in other accrued expenses and non-current deferred credits in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our total current and non-current deferred credit balances at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 were zero and $4.1 million, respectively. We recognized zero and $0.3 million of the deferred credits within contract revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, and $4.1 million and $1.5 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

Maintenance Expense

We operate under an FAA approved continuous inspection and maintenance program. The cost of non-major scheduled inspections and repairs and routine maintenance costs for all aircraft and engines are charged to maintenance expense as incurred.

We accounted for heavy maintenance and major overhaul costs on our previously owned E-175 fleet under the deferral method whereby the cost of heavy maintenance and major overhaul is deferred and amortized until the earlier of the end of the useful life of the related asset or the next scheduled heavy maintenance event. Amortization of heavy maintenance and major overhaul costs charged to depreciation and amortization expense was zero and $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, and $1.3 million and $2.3 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Upon the sale of the 18 E-175 aircraft to United during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the remaining deferred heavy maintenance balances were written off. As of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, our deferred heavy maintenance balance, net of accumulated amortization, was zero and $6.4 million, respectively.

We account for heavy maintenance and major overhaul costs for all other fleets under the direct expense method whereby costs are expensed to maintenance expense as incurred, except for certain maintenance contracts where labor and materials price risks have been transferred to the service provider and require payment on a utilization basis, such as flight hours. Costs incurred for maintenance and repair for utilization maintenance contracts where labor and materials price risks have been transferred to the service provider are charged to maintenance expense based on contractual payment terms.

Engine overhaul expense totaled $5.5 million and $6.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of which $5.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively, was pass-through expense. Engine overhaul expense totaled $24.8 million and $18.1 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of which $24.7 million and $18.1 million, respectively, was pass-through expense. Airframe C-check expense totaled $5.1 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of which $3.8 million and $2.1 million, respectively, was pass-through expense. Airframe C-check expense totaled $21.0 million and $14.7 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of which $17.8 million and $9.1 million, respectively, was pass-through expense.

Assets Held for Sale

We classify assets as held for sale when our management approves and commits to a formal plan of sale that is probable of being completed within one year. Assets designated as held for sale are recorded at the lower of their current carrying value or their fair market value, less costs to sell, beginning in the period in which the assets meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. See Note 5 for further discussion of our assets classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2025.

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3.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We continue to evaluate recent accounting pronouncements and the effect that new standards and guidance has on our consolidated financial statements. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company applied the following new disclosure requirements:

•
Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, which requires enhanced disclosures regarding the Company's reportable segments.
•
Accounting Standards Update 2023-08, which requires additional income tax disclosures for better assessment of tax risks and tax planning.

Additionally, the Company is evaluating Accounting Standards Update 2024-03 which goes into effect in 2026 and requires the disaggregation of operating expenses as well as additional disclosures

4.
Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents that are primarily held by financial institutions in the United States and accounts receivable. Amounts on deposit with a financial institution may at times exceed federally insured limits. We maintain our cash accounts with high credit quality financial institutions and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to the financial institutions.

As of June 30, 2025, we had $3.0 million in restricted cash. We have an agreement with a financial institution for a letter of credit facility and to issue letters of credit for particular airport authorities, worker's compensation insurance, property and casualty insurance and other business needs as required in certain lease agreements. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, $3.0 million of outstanding letters of credit are required to be collateralized by amounts on deposit.

Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of our total revenue or net accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. All of our revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was derived from the United CPA, DHL FSA, leases of our CRJ-700 aircraft to a third party, and MPD. Substantially all of our accounts receivable at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 was derived from these agreements.

United accounted for approximately 98% and 98% of our total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively and 98% and 96% of our total revenue for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. A termination of the United CPA would have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Amounts billed under the United CPA are subject to our interpretation of the applicable agreement and are subject to audit by United. Periodically, our United disputes amounts billed and pay amounts less than the amount billed. Ultimate collection of the remaining amounts not only depends upon the Company prevailing under the applicable audit, but also upon the financial well-being of United. As such, we review amounts due based on historical collection trends, the financial condition of United, and current external market factors and record a reserve for amounts estimated to be uncollectible in accordance with the applicable guidance for expected credit losses. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was no t material as of June 30, 2025 or September 30, 2024. If our ability to collect these receivables and the financial viability of United is materially different than estimated, our estimate of the allowance for credit losses could be materially impacted.

5.
Assets Held for Sale

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, management continued our plan to sell certain of our aircraft and related parts. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had a total of 27 airframes, 46 engines, and certain spare parts classified as held for sale. The Company completed the sale of six CRJ-900 airframes, 13 GE Model CF34-8C engines, and certain spare parts during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company reclassified one spare engine to held for sale. We have a total of 21 airframes, 34 engines, and certain spare parts classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2025 with a net book value of $60.3 million, all of which is classified as current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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6.
Balance Sheet Information

Certain significant amounts included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | June 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Expendable parts and supplies, net: |  |  |  |  |  |
Expendable parts and supplies |  | $ | 23,441 |  |  | $ | 39,089 |
Less: expendable parts warranty |  |  | (4,355 | ) |  |  | (6,079 | )
Less: obsolescence |  |  | (2,914 | ) |  |  | (4,738 | )
|  | $ | 16,172 |  |  | $ | 28,272 |
Property and equipment, net: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aircraft and other flight equipment |  | $ | 50,104 |  |  | $ | 591,421 |
Other equipment |  |  | 9,588 |  |  |  | 9,503 |
Total property and equipment |  |  | 59,692 |  |  |  | 600,924 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (27,842 | ) |  |  | (174,573 | )
|  | $ | 31,850 |  |  | $ | 426,351 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in equity securities |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 300 |
Lease incentives |  |  | — |  |  |  | 812 |
Contract asset |  |  | 4,441 |  |  |  | 6,081 |
Other |  |  | 675 |  |  |  | 516 |
|  | $ | 5,466 |  |  | $ | 7,709 |
Other accrued expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued property taxes |  | $ | 2,483 |  |  | $ | 4,650 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 1,029 |  |  |  | 2,997 |
Accrued vacation |  |  | 6,497 |  |  |  | 7,421 |
Accrued lodging |  |  | 4,092 |  |  |  | 4,433 |
Accrued maintenance |  |  | 1,415 |  |  |  | 2,493 |
Accrued employee benefits |  |  | 1,550 |  |  |  | 1,075 |
Accrued fleet operating expense |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 2,751 |
Other |  |  | 5,537 |  |  |  | 6,488 |
|  | $ | 23,015 |  |  | $ | 32,308 |
Other noncurrent liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liabilities |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 25,225 |
Lease incentive obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,050 |
Long-term employee benefits |  |  | 1,737 |  |  |  | 485 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,819 |
|  | $ | 1,837 |  |  | $ | 28,579 |

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company monitors for any indicators of impairment of the long-lived fixed assets. When certain conditions or changes in the economic situation exist, the assets may be impaired and the carrying amount of the assets exceed their fair value. The assets are then tested for recoverability of carrying amount. The Company records impairment charges on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired, the undiscounted net cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets, and the net book value of the assets exceeds their estimated fair value.

We group assets at the capacity purchase agreement level (i.e., the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows). If impairment indicators exist with respect to any of the asset groups, we estimate future cash flows based on projections of capacity purchase or flight services agreement, block hours, maintenance events, labor costs and other relevant factors.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company assessed whether any indicators of impairment existed in any of our long-lived asset groups and noted that no indicators of impairment existed for our fleet.

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During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company reevaluated the fair value of our held for sale assets and recorded a net impairment true-up adjustment gain of $0.1 million. No other indicators of impairment were present during the quarter and no further steps were determined to be necessary.

The Company’s assumptions about future conditions relevant to the assessment of potential impairment of its long-lived assets are subject to uncertainty, and the Company will continue to monitor these conditions in future periods as new information becomes available, and will update its analyses accordingly.

Depreciation Expense on Property and Equipment:

Depreciation of property and equipment totaled $3.4 million and $9.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, and $17.3 million and $32.8 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

7.
Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Accounting standards include disclosure requirements relating to the fair values used for certain financial instruments and establish a fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy prioritizes valuation inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels:

Level 1 | — | Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 | — | Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, which are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3 | — | Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Other than our assets held for sale, investments in equity securities, and warrant liabilities, described in Notes 5, 6, and 14, respectively, we did not measure any of our assets or liabilities at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

The carrying values reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

Our debt agreements are not traded on an active market. We have determined the estimated fair value of our debt to be Level 3, as certain inputs used to determine the fair value of these agreements are unobservable and, therefore, could be sensitive to changes in inputs. We utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of Level 3 debt.

The carrying value and estimated fair value of our total long-term debt and finance leases, including current maturities, were as follows (in millions):

| June 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
| Carrying |  |  | Fair |  |  | Carrying |  |  | Fair |
| Value |  |  | Value |  |  | Value |  |  | Value |
Long-term debt and finance leases, including current maturities(1) | $ | 113.7 |  |  | $ | 110.4 |  |  | $ | 315.2 |  |  | $ | 305.3 |

(1) Current and prior period long-term debts' carrying and fair values exclude net debt issuance costs.

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8.
Long-Term Debt, Finance Leases, and Other Borrowings

Long-term debt as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | June 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Notes payable to secured parties, due in semi-annual installments, interest based on SOFR plus interest spread at 4.75% to 6.25% through 2028, collateralized by the underlying aircraft |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85,469 |
Notes payable to secured parties, due in quarterly installments, interest based on SOFR plus interest at spread 2.20% to 2.32% for senior note & 4.50% for subordinated note through 2028, collateralized by the underlying aircraft |  |  | — |  |  |  | 73,884 |
Revolving credit facility, quarterly interest based on SOFR plus interest spread at 4.50% through 2028 |  | 33,018 |  |  |  | 37,520 |
Other obligations due to financial institution, monthly and/or quarterly interest due from 2022 through 2031, collateralized by the underlying equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,681 |
Notes payable to the UST, quarterly interest based on SOFR plus interest spread at 3.50% through 2025 |  |  | 80,726 |  |  |  | 113,656 |
Gross long-term debt, including current maturities |  |  | 113,744 |  |  |  | 315,210 |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,395 | )
Less notes payable warrants |  |  | (774 | ) |  |  | (2,544 | )
Net long-term debt, including current maturities |  |  | 112,970 |  |  |  | 310,271 |
Less current portion, net of unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (84,725 | ) |  |  | (50,455 | )
Net long-term debt |  | $ | 28,245 |  |  | $ | 259,816 |

Principal maturities of long-term debt as of June 30, 2025, and for each of the next five years are as follows (in thousands):

Periods Ending September 30, |  | Total Principal |
2025 (remainder of) |  | $ | - |
2026 |  |  | 86,538 |
2027 |  |  | 6,190 |
2028 |  |  | 4,782 |
2029 |  |  | 16,234 |
|  | $ | 113,744 |

The carrying value of collateralized aircraft and equipment as of June 30, 2025 was approximately $46.7 million.

Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificate ("EETC")

In December 2015, an Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificate ("EETC") pass-through trust was created to issue pass-through certificates to obtain financing for new E-175 aircraft. In connection with the sale of the E-175 aircraft, United assumed the EETC note with a remaining balance of $73.4 million at the time of assumption. As of June 30, 2025, the Company does not have any obligations under the EETC note.

United Revolving Credit Facility

On December 27, 2022, in connection with entering into the Amended and Restated United CPA, (i) United agreed to purchase and assume all of First Citizens’ rights and obligations as a lender under the Existing Facility pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, (ii) United and CIT Bank agreed to amend the Existing Facility pursuant to an Amendment No. 1, dated December 27, 2022 (“Amendment No. 1”), and an Amendment No. 2, dated January 27, 2023 (“Amendment No. 2”; the Existing Facility as amended by Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2, the "Amended Facility"), and (iii) Wilmington Trust, National Association agreed to assume all of CIT Bank’s rights and obligations as Administrative Agent pursuant to an Agency Resignation, Appointment and Assumption Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2023. Amendment No. 1, among other things, extends the Maturity Date from the earlier to occur of November 30, 2028, or the date of the termination of the Amended and Restated United CPA; provides for a revolving loan of $10.5 million plus fees and expenses, which is due January 31, 2024, subject to certain mandatory prepayment requirements; provides for

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Revolving Commitments equal to $30.7 million plus the original principal amount of the $10.5 million revolving loan; amortization of the obligations outstanding under the existing CIT Agreement commencing quarterly until March 31, 2025; and a covenant capping Restricted Payments (as defined in the Amended Facility) at $5.0 million per fiscal year, a consolidated interest and rental coverage ratio of 1.00 to 1.00 covenant, and a Liquidity (as defined in the Amended Facility) requirement of not less than $15.0 million at the close of any business day. Subsequent to June 30, 2024, United agreed to grant the Company a waiver on the $15.0 million minimum liquidity requirement through December 31, 2024. Interest assessed under the Amended Facility is 3.50% for Base Rate Loans and 4.50% for Term SOFR Loans (as such terms are defined in the Amended Facility). Amendment No. 2, among other things, amends the definition of Controlled Account (as defined in the Amended Facility). Amounts borrowed under this Amended Facility are secured by a collateral pool consisting of a combination of expendable parts, rotable parts and engines and a pledge of the Company’s stock in certain aviation companies. United funded $25.5 million as of the closing date of Amendment No. 1, to be used for general corporate purposes.

The United line of credit contains an additional deemed prepayment of $15 million with potential forgiveness upon the achievement of a certain number of block hours as well as maintaining a CCF of at least 99.3% over any rolling four-month period from April 2023 through December 2025. In order to earn forgiveness on the deemed prepayment, we must also have repaid the bridge loan in full. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the bridge loan was repaid in full, and $10.5 million of the potential $15 million achieved was recognized as a deemed prepayment. The remaining $4.5 million was recognized as a deemed prepayment during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

On September 6, 2023, the Company amended the existing United Credit Facility to (i) permit the Company to re-draw approximately $7.9 million of the Effective Date Bridge Loan (as defined in the United Credit Facility) previously repaid; (ii) increased the amount of Revolving Commitments (as defined in the United Credit Facility) from $30.7 million to $50.7 million, in each case, plus the original principal amount of the Effective Date Bridge Loan and subject to the Borrowing Base (as defined in the United Credit Facility); and (iii) amended the calculation of the Borrowing Base. Amounts borrowed under this facility bear interest at 3.50% for Base Rate Loans and 4.50% per annum for Term SOFR Loans. Amounts borrowed under the Amended Credit Facility are secured by a collateral pool consisting of a combination of expendable parts, rotable parts and engines, a pledge of certain of the Company’s bank accounts and a pledge of the Company’s stock in certain aviation companies.

Loan Agreement with the United States Department of the Treasury

On October 30, 2020, we entered into a loan and guarantee agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”) for a secured loan facility of up to $200.0 million that matures in October 2025 (“the Treasury Loan”). During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we borrowed an aggregate of $195.0 million. No further borrowings are available under the Treasury Loan.

The Treasury Loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to (a)(i) the SOFR rate divided by (ii) one minus the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage plus (b) 3.50%. Accrued interest on the loans is payable in arrears, or paid-in-kind by increasing the principal balance of the loan by such interest payment, on the first business day following the 14 th day of each March, June, September, and December. As of June 30, 2025, the all-in rate was 8.06%.

All principal amounts outstanding under the Treasury Loan are due and payable in a single installment on October 30, 2025. Commencing in June 2022, we initiated the payment of interest in lieu of increasing the principal amount of the loan. Our obligations under the Treasury Loan are secured by certain aircraft, aircraft engines, accounts receivable, ground service equipment, flight simulators, and tooling (collectively, the “Collateral”). The obligations under the Treasury Loan are guaranteed by the Company and Mesa Air Group Inventory Management. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes and operating expenses, to the extent permitted by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). Voluntary prepayments of the Treasury Loan may be made, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time and from time to time. Amounts prepaid may not be reborrowed. Mandatory prepayments of the Treasury Loan are required, without premium or penalty, to the extent necessary to comply with the covenants discussed below, certain dispositions of the Collateral, certain debt issuances secured by liens on the Collateral, and certain insurance payments related to the Collateral. In addition, if a “change of control” (as defined in the Treasury Loan) occurs with respect to Mesa Airlines, we will be required to repay the loans outstanding under the Treasury Loan.

The Treasury Loan requires us, under certain circumstances, including within 10 business days prior to the last business day of March and September of each year beginning March 2021, to appraise the value of the Collateral and recalculate the collateral coverage ratio. If the calculated collateral coverage ratio is less than 1.55 to 1.0, we are required either to provide additional Collateral (which may include cash collateral) to secure the obligations under the Treasury Loan

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or repay the term loans under the Treasury Loan, in such amounts that the recalculated collateral coverage ratio, after giving effect to any such additional Collateral or repayment, is at least 1.55 to 1.0. On December 23, 2024, we entered into an agreement with the UST to lower the minimum collateral coverage ratio ("CCR") covenant to .99 to 1.0 effective as of November 22, 2024 through February 28, 2025. Additionally, on March 18, 2025, we entered into a new CCR Modification Agreement with the UST to lower the minimum CCR covenant to .91 to 1.0 effective as of February 28, 2025, through the maturity date of the loan. As a result of the new CCR modification agreement, we are in compliance with this covenant as of June 30, 2025.

The Treasury Loan contains two financial covenants, a minimum collateral coverage ratio and a minimum liquidity level. The Treasury Loan also contains customary negative and affirmative covenants for credit facilities of this type, including, among others: (a) limitations on dividends and distributions; (b) limitations on the creation of certain liens; (c) restrictions on certain dispositions, investments, and acquisitions; (d) limitations on transactions with affiliates; (e) restrictions on fundamental changes to the business, and (f) restrictions on lobbying activities. Additionally, we are required to comply with the relevant provisions of the CARES Act, including limits on employment level reductions after September 30, 2020, restrictions on dividends and stock buybacks, limitations on executive compensation, and requirements to maintain certain levels of scheduled service.

In connection with the Treasury Loan and as partial compensation to the U.S. Treasury for the provision of financial assistance under the Treasury Loan, we issued to the U.S. Treasury warrants to purchase an aggregate of 4,899,497 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.98 per share, which was the closing price of the common stock on April 9, 2020. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable under the warrants are subject to adjustment as a result of anti-dilution provisions contained in the warrants for certain stock issuances, dividends, and other corporate actions. The warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance and are exercisable either through net share settlement or net cash settlement, at our option. The fair value of the warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and recorded in stockholders' equity with an offsetting debt discount to the Treasury Loan in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

9.
Earnings/(Loss) Per Share

Calculations of net (loss)/earnings per common share were as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income/(loss) |  | $ | 20,856 |  |  | $ | (19,908 | ) |  | $ | (152,332 | ) |  | $ | (66,097 | )
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 41,439 |  |  |  | 41,217 |  |  |  | 41,368 |  |  |  | 41,075 |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 41,683 |  |  |  | 41,217 |  |  |  | 41,368 |  |  |  | 41,075 |
Net (loss)/income per common share attributable to Mesa Air Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | (0.48 | ) |  | $ | (3.68 | ) |  | $ | (1.61 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | (0.48 | ) |  | $ | (3.68 | ) |  | $ | (1.61 | )

Basic income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss attributable to Mesa Air Group by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

The number of incremental shares from the assumed issuance of shares relating to restricted stock and exercise of warrants is calculated by applying the treasury stock method. Share-based awards and warrants whose impact is anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method are excluded from the diluted net income or loss per share calculation. In loss periods, these incremental shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share, as the inclusion of approximately 1.0 million unvested restricted shares and 4.9 million warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect.

The following number of weighted-average potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of including such potentially dilutive shares would have been anti-dilutive:

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|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Restricted stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | — |

10.
Common Stock

As discussed in Note 8, we issued warrants to the U.S. Treasury to purchase shares of our common stock, no par value, at an exercise price of $3.98 per share. The exercise price and number of shares issuable under the warrants are subject to adjustment as a result of anti-dilution provisions contained in the warrants for certain stock issuances, dividends, and other corporate actions. The warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance and are exercisable either through net share settlement or net cash settlement, at our option. The warrants were accounted for within equity at a grant date fair value determined under the Black-Scholes option pricing model. As of June 30, 2025, 4,899,497 warrants were issued and outstanding.

We have not historically paid dividends on shares of our common stock. Additionally, the Treasury Loan contains restrictions that limit our ability to or prohibit us from paying dividends to holders of our common stock.

11.
Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate ("ETR") from continuing operations was -1.2% and 3.7% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and 3.9% and -0.2% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The Company’s ETR for all periods differed from the statutory rate principally as a result of the valuation allowance on operating loss carryforwards and deferred tax assets on tax expense.

We continue to maintain a valuation allowance on a portion of our federal and state net operating losses in jurisdictions with shortened carryforward periods or in jurisdictions where our operations have significantly decreased as compared to prior years in which the net operating losses were generated.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had aggregate federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $277.6 million and $150.6 million, respectively, which expire in 2030-2038 and 2024-2043, respectively. No state net operating loss carryforwards are expected to expire in the current fiscal year.

12.
Share-Based Compensation

Restricted Stock

We grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”) as part of our long-term incentive compensation to employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. RSUs generally vest over a period of three to five years for employees and one year for members of the Board of Directors. The restricted common stock underlying RSUs are not deemed issued or outstanding upon grant, and do not carry any voting rights.

The restricted share activity for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 is summarized as follows:

|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |
|  |  |  |  | Average |
|  | Number |  |  | Grant Date |
|  | of Shares |  |  | Fair Value |
Restricted shares unvested at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 975,415 |  |  | $ | 1.83 |
Granted |  |  | 550,247 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |
Vested |  |  | (532,397 | ) |  | $ | 1.92 |
Forfeited |  |  | (29,575 | ) |  | $ | 1.88 |
Restricted shares unvested at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 963,690 |  |  | $ | 1.32 |

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As of June 30, 2025, there was $1.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

Compensation cost for share-based awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Share-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, and $0.8 million and $1.0 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

13.
Leases

As of June 30, 2025, we leased airport facilities, office space, and other property and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. The leases generally require us to pay all taxes, maintenance, insurance, and other operating expenses. Operating leased expense is recognized as a rental expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, net of lessor rebates and other incentives.

Aggregate rental expense under all aircraft, equipment and facility leases totaled approximately $1.9 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, and $8.0 million and $17.1 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

The components of our lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating lease costs |  | $ | 639 |  |  | $ | 810 |  |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 3,233 |
Variable and short-term lease costs |  |  | 1,261 |  |  |  | 2,581 |  |  |  | 5,907 |  |  |  | 5,543 |
Interest expense on finance lease liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 746 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 3,291 |
Amortization expense of finance lease assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | 365 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 5,001 |
Total lease costs |  | $ | 1,900 |  |  | $ | 4,502 |  |  | $ | 8,009 |  |  | $ | 17,068 |

As of June 30, 2025, our operating leases have a remaining weighted average lease term of 5.8 years and our operating lease liabilities were measured using a weighted average discount rate of 5.4%.

14.
Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

We are subject to certain legal actions which we consider routine to our business activities. As of June 30, 2025, our management believed the ultimate outcomes of other routine legal matters are not likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

Electric Aircraft Forward Purchase Commitments

In February 2021, we entered into a forward purchase contract with Archer for a number of eVTOL aircraft. The aggregate base commitment for the eVTOL aircraft is $200.0 million, with an option to purchase additional aircraft. Our obligation to purchase the eVTOL aircraft is subject to the Company and Archer first agreeing in the future to a number of terms and conditions, which may or may not be met. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company agreed to use reasonable best efforts to sell, assign, or transfer all rights and obligations associated with its Archer warrants and aircraft purchase agreement obligations to one or more third parties. If the Company is unable to transfer such rights and obligations by an agreed upon date, the Company and United will use commercially reasonable efforts to either terminate the remaining rights and obligations or have United assume them. Due to the transfer to United, the Company wrote off its liability associated with Archer obligations during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

In July 2021, we entered into a forward purchase contract with Heart for a number of fully electric aircraft. The maximum aggregate base commitment for the aircraft is $1,200.0 million, with an option to purchase additional aircraft. Our obligation to purchase the aircraft is subject to the Company and Heart first agreeing in the future to a number of terms and conditions, which may or may not be met.

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Other Commitments

We have certain contracts for goods and services that require us to pay a penalty, acquire inventory specific to us or purchase contract-specific equipment, as defined by each respective contract, if we terminate the contract without cause prior to its expiration date. Because these obligations are contingent on our termination of the contract without cause prior to its expiration date, no obligation would exist unless such a termination occurs.

15.
Subsequent Events

Sale of Assets

Subsequent to to June 30, 2025, the Company closed the sale of five CRJ-900 airframes and eight GE Model CF34-8C engines to third parties for gross proceeds of $11.7 million, all of which was used to pay down our UST Loan.

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the legislation commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). The OBBBA includes various provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The OBBBA has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. We are currently assessing its impact on our consolidated financial statements and will recognize the income tax effects in the consolidated financial statements beginning in the period in which the OBBBA was signed into law.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements, the accompanying notes, and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties such as our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements below. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in the sections titled "Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" above and "Risk Factors" below.

Overview

Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, Mesa Air Group, Inc. ("Mesa," "Mesa Airlines," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us") is the holding company of Mesa Airlines, a regional air carrier providing scheduled passenger service to 79 cities in 31 states, Cuba, and Mexico. As of June 30, 2025, Mesa operated a fleet of 60 Embraer 175 ("E-175") regional aircraft with approximately 254 daily departures. The aircraft in Mesa’s fleet were operated under the Company’s Capacity Purchase Agreement ("CPA"), as United Express, pursuant to the terms of the CPA entered into with United. Except as set forth in the following sentence, all of the Company’s consolidated contract revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were derived from operations associated with the CPA, leases of aircraft to a third party, and Mesa Pilot Development ("MPD"). Revenues during the nine months ended June 30, 2024 also included $7.2 million in revenues derived from our Flight Services Agreement ("FSA") with DHL Network Operations (USA), inc. ("DHL"), which terminated in March 2024. Additionally, our leases of aircraft to a third party terminated upon the sale of such aircraft to United during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Our United CPA provides us guaranteed monthly revenue for each aircraft under contract, a fixed fee for each block hour (the number of hours during which the aircraft is in revenue service, measured from the time of gate departure before take-off until the time of gate arrival at the destination) and flights actually flown, and reimbursement of certain direct operating expenses in exchange for providing regional flying on behalf of United. Our CPA also shelters us from many of the elements that cause volatility in airline financial performance, including fuel prices, variations in ticket prices, and fluctuations in number of passengers. In providing regional flying under our CPA, we use the logos, service marks, flight crew uniforms and aircraft paint schemes of United. United controls route selection, pricing, seat inventories, marketing and scheduling, and provide us with ground support services, airport landing slots and gate access.

Components of Results of Operations

The following discussion summarizes the key components of our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Operating Revenues

Our operating revenues consist primarily of contract revenue as well as pass-through and other revenues.

Contract Revenue. Contract revenue consists of the fixed monthly amounts per aircraft received pursuant to our CPA with United, along with the additional amounts received based on the number of flights and block hours flown, rental revenue for aircraft leased to a third party, and revenue from participants in Mesa Pilot Development. Contract revenues we receive from our United are paid and recognized over time consistent with the delivery of service under our CPA.

Pass-Through and Other Revenue. Pass-through and other revenue consists of passenger liability insurance, aircraft property taxes, landing fees, and other aircraft and traffic servicing costs received pursuant to our agreements with United.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of the following items:

Flight Operations. Flight operations expense includes costs related to salaries, bonuses and benefits earned by our pilots, flight attendants, and dispatch personnel, as well as costs related to technical publications, lodging of our flight crews and pilot training expenses.

Maintenance. Maintenance expense includes costs related to engine overhauls, airframe, landing gear and normal recurring maintenance, which includes pass-through maintenance costs related to our E-175 aircraft. Heavy maintenance

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and major overhaul costs on our owned E-175 fleet are deferred and amortized until the earlier of the end of the useful life of the related asset or the next scheduled heavy maintenance event. All other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, except for certain maintenance contracts where labor and materials price risks have been transferred to the service provider and require payment on a utilization basis, such as flight hours. Costs incurred for maintenance and repair for utilization maintenance contracts where labor and materials price risks have been transferred to the service provider are charged to maintenance expense based on contractual payment terms. As a result of using the direct expense method for heavy maintenance on the majority of our fleets, the timing of maintenance expense reflected in the financial statements may vary significantly from period to period.

Aircraft Rent. Aircraft rent expense includes costs related to leased engines and aircraft.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expense includes insurance and taxes, the majority of which are pass-through costs, non-operational administrative employee wages and related expenses, building rents, real property leases, utilities, legal, audit and other administrative expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation expense is a periodic non-cash charge primarily related to aircraft, engine, and equipment depreciation. Amortization expense is a periodic non-cash charge related to our customer relationship intangible asset.

Asset Impairment. Asset impairment includes charges for impairments of assets either designated as held for sale or assets that are held and used but determined to have been impaired.

Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses primarily consists of fuel costs for flying we undertake outside of our CPA (including aircraft re-positioning and maintenance) as well as costs for aircraft and traffic servicing, such as aircraft cleaning, passenger disruption reimbursements, international navigation fees and wages of airport operations personnel, a portion of which are reimbursable by United. All aircraft fuel and related fueling costs for flying under our CPA are directly paid and supplied by United. Accordingly, we do not record an expense or pass-through revenue for fuel supplied by United for flying under our CPA. Fuel expenses relating to MPD are paid by the Company.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest Expense. Interest expense is interest on our debt incurred to finance purchases of aircraft, engines, and equipment, including amortization of debt financing costs and discounts.

Interest Income. Interest income includes interest income on our cash and cash equivalent balances.

Gain on Investments. Gain on investments relates to gains resulting from the transfer of investments in equity securities.

Unrealized Loss on Investments, Net. Unrealized loss on investments, net relates to losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments in equity securities.

Gain on Debt Forgiveness. Gain on debt forgiveness consists of gains resulting from the forgiveness earned on our deemed prepayment associated with the United line of credit for the achievement of certain performance metrics.

Other Expense. Other expense includes expense derived from activities not classified in any other area of the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. In consideration of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, we are not organized around specific services or geographic regions. We currently operate in one service line providing scheduled flight services in accordance with our CPA.

While we operate under a capacity purchase agreement, we do not manage our business based on any performance measure at the individual contract level. Additionally, our CODM uses consolidated financial information to evaluate our performance, which is the same basis on which he communicates our results and performance to our Board of Directors.

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The CODM bases all significant decisions regarding the allocation of our resources on a consolidated basis. Based on the information described above and in accordance with the applicable literature, management has concluded that we are organized and operated as one operating and reportable segment.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

We had operating loss of $0.1 million in our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to operating loss of $9.0 million in our three months ended June 30, 2024. In our three months ended June 30, 2025, we had net income of $20.9 million compared to net loss of $19.9 million in our three months ended June 30, 2024.

Our operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2025 improved as a result of (i) decreases in flight operations expense as a result of decreased pilot training and lower pilot wages; (ii) decreases in depreciation expense, primarily due to the retirement and sale of several aircraft; and (iii) decreases in impairment related to held for sale assets. and the write down of E-175 aircraft. This was partially offset by a decrease in contract revenue due to fewer aircraft under contract and higher deferred revenue.

Operating Revenues

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Operating revenues ($ in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract |  | $ | 69,940 |  |  | $ | 95,596 |  |  | $ | (25,656 | ) |  |  | (26.8 | )%
Pass-through and other |  |  | 22,844 |  |  |  | 15,197 |  |  |  | 7,647 |  |  |  | 50.3 | %
Total operating revenues |  | $ | 92,784 |  |  | $ | 110,793 |  |  | $ | (18,009 | ) |  |  | (16.3 | )%
Operating data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available seat miles—ASMs (thousands) |  |  | 996,290 |  |  |  | 962,669 |  |  |  | 33,621 |  |  |  | 3.5 | %
Block hours |  |  | 44,100 |  |  |  | 43,813 |  |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 0.7 | %
Revenue passenger miles—RPMs (thousands) |  |  | 831,706 |  |  |  | 817,434 |  |  |  | 14,272 |  |  |  | 1.7 | %
Average stage length (miles) |  |  | 604 |  |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 12.9 | %
Contract revenue per available seat mile—CRASM (in cents) |  | ¢ | 7.02 |  |  | ¢ | 9.93 |  |  | ¢ | (2.91 | ) |  |  | (29.3 | )%
Passengers |  |  | 1,357,129 |  |  |  | 1,513,581 |  |  |  | (156,452 | ) |  |  | (10.3 | )%

"Available seat miles" or "ASMs" means the number of seats available for passengers multiplied by the number of miles the seats are flown.

"Average stage length" means the average number of statute miles flown per flight segment.

“Block hours” means the number of hours during which the aircraft is in revenue service, measured from the time of gate departure before take-off until the time of gate arrival at the destination.

"CRASM" means contract revenue divided by ASMs.

"RPM" means the number of miles traveled by paying passengers.

Total operating revenue decreased by $18.0 million, or 16.3%, to $92.8 million for our three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024. Contract revenue decreased by $25.7 million, or 26.8%, to $69.9 million, primarily due to fewer aircraft under contract. Our block hours flown during our three months ended June 30, 2025, increased 0.7% compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 due to an increase in the average stage length. Our pass-through and other revenue increased by $7.6 million, or 50.3%, to $22.8 million compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024 due to an increase in pass-through maintenance related to our E-175 fleet.

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Operating Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Operating expenses ($ in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flight operations |  | $ | 36,551 |  |  | $ | 45,455 |  |  | $ | (8,904 | ) |  |  | (19.6 | )%
Maintenance |  |  | 41,417 |  |  |  | 44,266 |  |  |  | (2,849 | ) |  |  | (6.4 | )%
Aircraft rent |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 1,684 |  |  |  | (1,586 | ) |  |  | (94.2 | )%
General and administrative |  |  | 11,585 |  |  |  | 9,715 |  |  |  | 1,870 |  |  |  | 19.2 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,377 |  |  |  | 9,730 |  |  |  | (6,353 | ) |  |  | (65.3 | )%
Asset impairment |  |  | (52 | ) |  |  | 7,880 |  |  |  | (7,932 | ) |  |  | (100.7 | )%
Other operating expenses |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | 1,090 |  |  |  | (1,136 | ) |  |  | (104.2 | )%
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 92,930 |  |  | $ | 119,820 |  |  | $ | (26,890 | ) |  |  | (22.4 | )%
Operating data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available seat miles—ASMs (thousands) |  |  | 996,290 |  |  |  | 962,669 |  |  |  | 33,621 |  |  |  | 3.5 | %
Block hours |  |  | 44,100 |  |  |  | 43,813 |  |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 0.7 | %
Average stage length (miles) |  |  | 604 |  |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 12.9 | %
Departures |  |  | 22,162 |  |  |  | 24,144 |  |  |  | (1,982 | ) |  |  | (8.2 | )%

Flight Operations. Flight operations expense decreased $8.9 million, or 19.6%, to $36.6 million for our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased pilot training expense and lower pilot wages as a result of decreases in headcount and operating a single E-175 fleet type.

Maintenance. Aircraft maintenance expense decreased $2.8 million, or 6.4%, to $41.4 million for our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in labor and other expense. Total pass-through maintenance expenses reimbursed by United increased by $6.3 million during our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024.

The following table presents information regarding our maintenance costs during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Engine overhaul |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  |  | 100.0 | %
Pass-through engine overhaul |  |  | 5,494 |  |  |  | 6,826 |  |  |  | (1,332 | ) |  |  | (19.5 | )%
C-check |  |  | 1,299 |  |  |  | 1,594 |  |  |  | (295 | ) |  |  | (18.5 | )%
Pass-through C-check |  |  | 3,812 |  |  |  | 2,050 |  |  |  | 1,762 |  |  |  | 86.0 | %
Component contracts |  |  | 2,104 |  |  |  | 4,226 |  |  |  | (2,122 | ) |  |  | (50.2 | )%
Rotable and expendable parts |  |  | 1,403 |  |  |  | 4,382 |  |  |  | (2,979 | ) |  |  | (68.0 | )%
Other pass-through |  |  | 11,788 |  |  |  | 5,956 |  |  |  | 5,832 |  |  |  | 97.9 | %
Labor and other |  |  | 15,521 |  |  |  | 19,232 |  |  |  | (3,711 | ) |  |  | (19.3 | )%
Total |  | $ | 41,417 |  |  | $ | 44,266 |  |  | $ | (2,849 | ) |  |  | (6.4 | )%

Aircraft Rent. Aircraft rent expense decreased $1.6 million, or 94.2%, to $0.1 million for our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease is primarily due to fewer engine lease costs during our three months ended June 30, 2025.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expense increased $1.9 million, or 19.2%, to $11.6 million for our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase is primarily driven by increases in wages, pass-through insurance costs, and legal fees.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $6.4 million, or 65.3%, to $3.4 million for our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024 due to aircraft in our fleet being sold or classified as non-depreciable assets held for sale.

Asset Impairment. Asset impairment of $(0.1) million was recorded for our three months ended June 30, 2025 related to held for sale assets. There was $7.9 million of asset impairment recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2024 related to held for sale assets.

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Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses decreased by $1.1 million, to $(46) thousand for our three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower interrupted trip expense during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Other Income/(Expense)

Other income (expense) increased by $32.5 million, to $20.8 million for our three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to our three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase is primarily attributable to the write off of warrant liabilities, lower interest expense, and lower losses on investments.

Income Taxes

The income tax benefit totaled $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a tax benefit of $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The effective tax rate ("ETR") from continuing operations was -1.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 3.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Our ETR during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 differed from the statutory rate during both periods principally as a result of the impact of the valuation allowance on operating loss carryforwards and deferred tax assets on tax expense.

We continue to maintain a valuation allowance on a portion of our federal and state net operating losses in jurisdictions with shortened carryforward periods or in jurisdictions where our operations have significantly decreased as compared to prior years in which the net operating losses were generated.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had aggregate federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $277.6 million and $150.6 million, respectively, which expire in 2030-2038 and 2024-2043, respectively. No state net operating loss carryforwards are expected to expire in the current fiscal year.

Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024

We had operating loss of $168.2 million in our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to operating loss of $48.8 million in our nine months ended June 30, 2024. In our nine months ended June 30, 2025, we had net loss of $152.3 million compared to net loss of $66.1 million in our nine months ended June 30, 2024.

Our operating results for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 worsened as a result of (i) decreases in contract revenue due to reduced block hours flown and fewer aircraft under contract; and (ii) large losses and impairments associated with the sale of 18 E-175 aircraft, partially offset by (a) decreases in flight operations as a result of decreased pilot training and lower pilot wages; and (b) decreases in depreciation expense, primarily due to the retirement and sale of several aircraft.

Operating Revenues

|  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Operating revenues ($ in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract |  | $ | 219,041 |  |  | $ | 310,516 |  |  | $ | (91,475 | ) |  |  | (29.5 | )%
Pass-through and other |  |  | 71,723 |  |  |  | 50,636 |  |  |  | 21,087 |  |  |  | 41.6 | %
Total operating revenues |  | $ | 290,764 |  |  | $ | 361,152 |  |  | $ | (70,388 | ) |  |  | (19.5 | )%
Operating data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available seat miles—ASMs (thousands) |  |  | 2,760,491 |  |  |  | 2,951,231 |  |  |  | (190,740 | ) |  |  | (6.5 | )%
Block hours |  |  | 122,652 |  |  |  | 133,741 |  |  |  | (11,089 | ) |  |  | (8.3 | )%
Revenue passenger miles—RPMs (thousands) |  |  | 2,280,748 |  |  |  | 2,474,097 |  |  |  | (193,349 | ) |  |  | (7.8 | )%
Average stage length (miles) |  |  | 584 |  |  |  | 538 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 8.6 | %
Contract revenue per available seat mile—CRASM (in cents) |  | ¢ | 7.93 |  |  | ¢ | 10.52 |  |  | ¢ | (2.59 | ) |  |  | (24.6 | )%
Passengers |  |  | 3,835,703 |  |  |  | 4,544,453 |  |  |  | (708,750 | ) |  |  | (15.6 | )%

Total operating revenue decreased by $70.4 million, or 19.5%, to $290.8 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024. Contract revenue decreased by $91.5 million, or 29.5%, to $219.0 million primarily driven by reduced block hours flown and fewer aircraft under contract compared to the nine months

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ended June 30, 2024. Our block hours flown during our nine months ended June 30, 2025 decreased 8.3% compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2024 due to a decrease in scheduled flying for United and fewer aircraft under contract. Our pass-through and other revenue increased by $21.1 million, or 41.6%, to $71.7 million compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024 due to an increase in pass-through maintenance related to our E-175 fleet.

Operating Expenses

|  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Operating expenses ($ in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flight operations |  | $ | 108,021 |  |  | $ | 146,602 |  |  | $ | (38,581 | ) |  |  | (26.3 | )%
Maintenance |  |  | 131,483 |  |  |  | 137,165 |  |  |  | (5,682 | ) |  |  | (4.1 | )%
Aircraft rent |  |  | 3,038 |  |  |  | 4,296 |  |  |  | (1,258 | ) |  |  | (29.3 | )%
General and administrative |  |  | 32,588 |  |  |  | 32,857 |  |  |  | (269 | ) |  |  | (0.8 | )%
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 17,311 |  |  |  | 32,846 |  |  |  | (15,535 | ) |  |  | (47.3 | )%
Asset impairment |  |  | 111,786 |  |  |  | 50,923 |  |  |  | 60,863 |  |  |  | 119.5 | %
Loss on sale of assets |  |  | 54,397 |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | 54,247 |  |  |  | 36164.7 | %
Other operating expenses |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | 5,098 |  |  |  | (4,763 | ) |  |  | (93.4 | )%
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 458,959 |  |  | $ | 409,937 |  |  | $ | 49,022 |  |  |  | 12.0 | %
Operating data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available seat miles—ASMs (thousands) |  |  | 2,760,491 |  |  |  | 2,951,231 |  |  |  | (190,740 | ) |  |  | (6.5 | )%
Block hours |  |  | 122,652 |  |  |  | 133,741 |  |  |  | (11,089 | ) |  |  | (8.3 | )%
Average stage length (miles) |  |  | 584 |  |  |  | 538 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 8.6 | %
Departures |  |  | 63,407 |  |  |  | 74,089 |  |  |  | (10,682 | ) |  |  | (14.4 | )%

Flight Operations. Flight operations expense decreased $38.6 million, or 26.3%, to $108.0 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased pilot training expense and lower pilot wages as a result of fewer block hours flown, decreases in headcount, and operating a single E-175 fleet type.

Maintenance. Aircraft maintenance expense decreased $5.7 million, or 4.1%, to $131.5 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in labor and other and rotable and expendable parts, partially offset by an increase in other pass-through engine overhaul, other pass-through costs, and C-check maintenance expenses. Total pass-through maintenance expenses reimbursed by United increased by $24.7 million during our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024.

The following table presents information regarding our maintenance costs during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine overhaul |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  |  | 67.3 | %
Pass-through engine overhaul |  |  | 24,744 |  |  |  | 18,075 |  |  |  | 6,669 |  |  |  | 36.9 | %
C-check |  |  | 3,252 |  |  |  | 5,573 |  |  |  | (2,321 | ) |  |  | (41.6 | )%
Pass-through C-check |  |  | 17,797 |  |  |  | 9,098 |  |  |  | 8,699 |  |  |  | 95.6 | %
Component contracts |  |  | 9,811 |  |  |  | 14,620 |  |  |  | (4,809 | ) |  |  | (32.9 | )%
Rotable and expendable parts |  |  | 4,354 |  |  |  | 12,601 |  |  |  | (8,247 | ) |  |  | (65.4 | )%
Other pass-through |  |  | 25,582 |  |  |  | 16,213 |  |  |  | 9,369 |  |  |  | 57.8 | %
Labor and other |  |  | 45,861 |  |  |  | 60,936 |  |  |  | (15,075 | ) |  |  | (24.7 | )%
Total |  | $ | 131,483 |  |  | $ | 137,165 |  |  | $ | (5,682 | ) |  |  | (4.1 | )%

Aircraft Rent. Aircraft rent expense decreased $1.3 million, or 29.3%, to $3.0 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease is primarily due to fewer engine lease costs during our nine months ended June 30, 2025.

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General and Administrative. General and administrative expense decreased $0.3 million, or 0.8%, to $32.6 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease is primarily driven by decreases in pass-through property tax, partially offset by increased legal fees.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $15.5 million, or 47.3%, to $17.3 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024 due to aircraft in our fleet being sold or classified as non-depreciable assets held for sale.

Asset Impairment. Asset impairment of $111.8 million was recorded for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 primarily related to held for sale assets and the write down of net book value of 10 E-175 aircraft. There was $50.9 million of asset impairment recorded for our nine months ended June 30, 2024, related to held for sale assets.

Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses decreased by $4.8 million, to $0.3 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower interrupted trip expense and ferry fuel costs during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Other Income/(Expense)

Other income (expense) increased by $27.2 million to $10.0 million for our nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to our nine months ended June 30, 2024. The increase is primarily attributable to the write off of warrant liabilities, lower interest expense, and lower losses on investments for our nine months ended June 30, 2025, partially offset by lower non-operating gains.

Income Taxes

The income tax benefit totaled $5.8 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a tax expense of $0.1 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The effective tax rate ("ETR") from continuing operations was 3.7% for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to -0.2% for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Our ETR during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 differed from the statutory rate during both periods principally as a result of the impact of the valuation allowance on operating loss carryforwards and deferred tax assets on tax expense.

We continue to maintain a valuation allowance on a portion of our federal and state net operating losses in jurisdictions with shortened carryforward periods or in jurisdictions where our operations have significantly decreased as compared to prior years in which the net operating losses were generated.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had aggregate federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $277.6 million and $150.6 million, respectively, which expire in 2030-2038 and 2024-2043, respectively. No state net operating loss carryforwards are expected to expire in the current fiscal year.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Non-GAAP Measures

We present Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR, which are not recognized financial measures under GAAP, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as supplemental disclosures because our senior management believes that they are well-recognized valuation metrics in the airline industry that are frequently used by companies, investors, securities analysts and other interested parties in comparing companies in our industry.

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income or loss before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted for gains and losses on investments, lease termination costs, impairment charges, and gains or losses on extinguishment of debt including write-off of associated financing fees.

Adjusted EBITDAR. We define Adjusted EBITDAR as net income or loss before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and aircraft rent, adjusted for gains and losses on investments, lease termination costs, impairment charges, and gains or losses on extinguishment of debt including write-off of associated financing fees.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR have limitations as analytical tools. Some of the limitations applicable to these measures include: (i) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR do not reflect the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations; (ii) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR do not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; (iii) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

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(iv) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR do not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debts; (v) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future; (vi) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR do not reflect gains and losses on investments, which are non-cash gains and losses but will occur in periods when there are changes in the value of our investments in equity securities; and (vii) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements and other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, Adjusted EBITDAR should not be viewed as a measure of overall performance because it excludes aircraft rent, which is a normal, recurring cash operating expense that is necessary to operate our business. For the foregoing reasons, each of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR has significant limitations which affect its use as an indicator of our profitability. Accordingly, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this information.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income/(loss) |  | $ | 20,856 |  |  | $ | (19,908 | ) |  | $ | (152,332 | ) |  | $ | (66,097 | )
Income tax (benefit)/expense |  |  | (238 | ) |  |  | (810 | ) |  |  | (5,829 | ) |  |  | 126 |
Income/(loss) before taxes |  |  | 20,618 |  |  |  | (20,718 | ) |  | $ | (158,161 | ) |  | $ | (65,971 | )
Gain on investments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 776 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,454 | )
Unrealized loss on investments, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,025 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 6,073 |
Adjustments(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) |  |  | (21,176 | ) |  |  | 8,120 |  |  |  | 150,587 |  |  |  | 43,519 |
Adjusted loss before taxes |  |  | (558 | ) |  |  | (9,797 | ) |  |  | (7,521 | ) |  |  | (22,833 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 3,256 |  |  |  | 9,032 |  |  |  | 15,654 |  |  |  | 30,832 |
Interest income |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | (45 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,377 |  |  |  | 9,730 |  |  |  | 17,311 |  |  |  | 32,846 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 6,001 |  |  | $ | 8,948 |  |  | $ | 25,329 |  |  | $ | 40,800 |
Aircraft rent |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 1,684 |  |  |  | 3,038 |  |  |  | 4,296 |
Adjusted EBITDAR |  | $ | 6,099 |  |  | $ | 10,632 |  |  | $ | 28,367 |  |  | $ | 45,096 |
(1) $7.8 million and $50.9 million impairment loss related to held for sale assets during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. |
(2) $0.2 million and $3.5 million in third party costs associated with significant or non-recurring transactions during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. |
(3) $3.0 million gain on extinguishment of debt during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. |
(4) $10.5 million gain on debt forgiveness during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. |
(5) $0.2 million loss on the sale of assets during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. |
(6) $1.5 million loss on deferred financing costs related to the retirement of debts during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. |
(7) $0.9 million loss for early payment fees on the retirement of debt during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. |
(8) $1.5 million of write offs of uncollectable loans during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025. |
(9) $25.1 million gain on the write off of warrant liabilities during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025. |
(10) $0.1 million and $2.1 million loss on deferred financing costs related to the retirement of debts during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. |
(11) $2.5 million and $6.8 million in third party costs associated with significant or non-recurring transactions during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. |
(12) $0.1 million net impairment gain and $51.1 net million impairment loss related to held for sale assets during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. |
(13) $0.7 million in miscellaneous costs associated with the sale of assets during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. |
(14) $54.4 million net loss on the sale of assets during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. |
(15) $2.9 million loss on the write off of interest related to the sale of aircraft during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. |
(16) $60.7 million impairment loss related to the write down of net book value of certain aircraft during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. |
(17) $4.5 million gain on debt forgiveness during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. |

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Going Concern

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During our three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, costs associated with the transition of our operations with American to United, increased costs associated with pilot wages, together with increasing interest rates adversely impacted our financial results, cash flows, financial position, and other key financial ratios. Additionally, United requested that we accelerate the removal of our CRJ-900 aircraft and transition the pilots to our E-175 fleet. These events will lead to increased costs and impact our block hour capabilities while these pilots are in training.

As a result, during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, these challenges resulted in a negative impact on the Company’s financial results highlighted by net loss of $152.3 million, primarily due to a $54.4 million loss recorded related to the sale of 18 E-175 aircraft and $111.8 million in impairment related to held for sale assets and the write down of net book value of 10 E-175 aircraft. These conditions and events raised concerns about our ability to continue to fund our operations and meet our debt obligations over the next twelve months from the filing of this Form 10-Q.

To address such concerns, management developed and implemented several material changes to our business designed to ensure the Company could continue to fund its operations and meet its debt obligations over the next twelve months. The following measures were implemented during the three months ended June 30, 2025, and through the date of issuance of the financial statements.

•
On April 4, 2025, the Company entered into the Three Party Agreement among United, Republic, and the Company, as well as a Merger Agreement entered into by Republic and Mesa, which provides for, among other things, the following:
o
Termination of the United CPA which will be replaced with a new long-term CPA
o
The Company to sell or dispose of all remaining Eligible Assets (as defined in the Three Party Agreement).
o
The Company to extinguish all remaining debt with cash and sale of assets. Any remaining debt will be assumed by the surviving corporation or forgiven by United.
o
A three percent (3%) increase in CPA block hour rates, retroactive to January 1, 2025.
o
The transfer of all of the Company's rights and obligations under its agreements with Archer (as discussed in Note 15).
•
On April 4, 2025, we entered into the Sixth Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Capacity Purchase Agreement with United which provides for the following:
o
The extension of the CPA rate increases agreed upon in the First Amendment to our Third Amended and Restated United CPA and the Second Amendment to our Third Amended and Restated United CPA, dated January 11, 2024, and January 19, 2024, respectively (the "January 2024 United CPA Amendments”), retroactive to January 1, 2025, through March 31, 2026.
o
The extension of incentives for achieving certain performance metrics, retroactive to July 1, 2024, through March 31, 2026.
•
On April 4, 2025, we entered into the Sixth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement providing for the waiver of an existing financial covenant default with respect to the period ended March 31, 2025, and a projected financial covenant default with respect to the periods ending June 30, 2025, September 30, 2025, December 31, 2025, and March 31, 2026, each relating to a minimum liquidity requirement under our United Revolving Credit Facility.
•
On April 3, 2025, we entered into a purchase agreement with a third party which provides for the sale of 23 GE model CF34-8C engines to the third party for expected gross proceeds of $16.3 million, which will be used to pay down our UST Loan.
•
Based on the most recent appraisal value of our spare parts, we have $10.5 million of borrowing capacity under our United Revolving Credit Facility.
•
In addition to already executed agreements to sell aircraft, the Company is actively seeking arrangements to sell other surplus assets primarily related to the CRJ fleet including aircraft, engines, and spare parts to reduce debt and optimize operations.
•
We have delayed and/or deferred major spending on aircraft and engine maintenance to match the current and projected level of flight activity.

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The Company believes the plans and initiatives outlined above have effectively alleviated the financial concerns and will allow the Company to meet its cash obligations for the next twelve months following the issuance of its financial statements. The forecast of undiscounted cash flows prepared to determine if the Company has the ability to meet its cash obligations over the next twelve months was prepared with significant judgment and estimates of future cash flows based on projections of CPA block hours, maintenance events, labor costs, and other relevant factors. Assumptions used in the forecast may change or not occur as expected.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company has $84.7 million of principal maturity payments on long-term debt due within the next twelve months. We plan to meet these obligations with our cash on hand, ongoing cashflows from our operations, and the liquidity created from the additional measures identified above. If our plans are not realized, we intend to explore additional opportunities to create liquidity by refinancing and deferring repayment of our principal maturity payments that are due within the next twelve months. The Company continues to monitor covenant compliance with its lenders as any noncompliance could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

Sources and Uses of Cash

We require cash to fund our operating expenses and working capital requirements, including outlays for capital expenditures, aircraft pre-delivery payments, maintenance, aircraft rent, and debt service obligations, including principal and interest payments. Our cash needs vary from period to period primarily based on the timing and costs of significant maintenance events. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash generated from operations and funds from external borrowings.

We believe that the key factors that could affect our internal and external sources of cash include:

•
Factors that affect our results of operations and cash flows, including the impact on our business and operations as a result of changes in demand for our services, competitive pricing pressures, and our ability to achieve further reductions in operating expenses; and
•
Factors that affect our access to bank financing and the debt and equity capital markets that could impair our ability to obtain needed financing on acceptable terms or to respond to business opportunities and developments as they arise, including interest rate fluctuations, macroeconomic conditions, sudden reductions in the general availability of lending from banks or the related increase in cost to obtain bank financing, and our ability to maintain compliance with covenants under our debt agreements in effect from time to time.

Our ability to service our long-term debt obligations, including our equipment notes, to remain in compliance with the various covenants contained in our debt agreements and to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and business development efforts will depend on our ability to generate cash from operating activities, which is subject to, among other things, our future operating performance, as well as other factors, some of which may be beyond our control.

If we fail to generate sufficient cash from operations, we may need to raise additional equity or borrow additional funds to achieve our longer-term objectives. There can be no assurance that such equity or borrowings will be available or, if available, will be at rates or prices acceptable to us.

During the ordinary course of business, we evaluate our cash requirements and, if necessary, adjust operating and capital expenditures to reflect the current market conditions and our projected demand. Our capital expenditures are primarily directed toward our aircraft fleet and flight equipment including spare engines. Our capital expenditures, net of purchases of rotable spare parts and aircraft and spare engine financing for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 were approximately 1.9% of our revenue during the same period. We expect to incur capital expenditures to support our business activities. Future capital expenditures may be impacted by events and transactions that are not currently forecasted.

As of June 30, 2025, our principal sources of cash are cash and cash equivalents of $42.5 million and $60.3 million in assets held for sale as of June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, we had $113.7 million in secured indebtedness incurred primarily in connection with our financing of aircraft and related equipment. As of June 30, 2025, we had $84.7 million of current debt, excluding finance leases, and $28.2 million of long-term debt excluding finance leases.

Restricted Cash

As of June 30, 2025, we had $3.0 million in restricted cash. We have an agreement with a financial institution for a letter of credit facility and to issue letters of credit for particular airport authorities, worker's compensation insurance, property

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and casualty insurance and other business needs as required in certain lease agreements. Pursuant to the term of this agreement, $3.0 million of outstanding letters of credit are required to be collateralized by amounts on deposit.

Cash Flows

The following table presents information regarding our cash flows for each of the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  | $ | (43,346 | ) |  | $ | 19,596 |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  | 193,662 |  |  |  | 112,918 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (123,426 | ) |  |  | (149,301 | )
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 26,890 |  |  |  | (16,787 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 18,630 |  |  |  | 36,072 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 45,520 |  |  | $ | 19,285 |

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

Our primary source of cash from operating activities is cash collections from United pursuant to our CPA. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for maintenance costs, personnel costs, operating lease payments, and interest payments.

During our nine months ended June 30, 2025, we had cash flow used in operating activities of $43.3 million. We had net loss of $152.3 million adjusted for the following significant non-cash items: depreciation and amortization of $17.3 million, deferred income taxes of $(7.6) million, write off of warrant liability of $(25.1) million, amortization of deferred credits of $(4.1) million, amortization of debt discount and financing costs and accretion of interest of $4.2 million, asset impairment of $111.8 million, loss on sale of assets of $54.4 million, gain on debt forgiveness of $(4.5) million, and $6.9 million in miscellaneous operating cash flow items. We had a net change of $(44.2) million within other net operating assets and liabilities largely driven by increases in accounts receivable and decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

During our nine months ended June 30, 2024, we had cash flow provided by operating activities of $19.6 million. We had net loss of $66.1 million adjusted for the following significant non-cash items: depreciation and amortization of $32.8 million, stock-based compensation of $1.0 million, deferred income taxes of $(0.4) million, gains on investments in equity securities of $(6.5) million, net unrealized losses on investments in equity securities of $6.1 million, amortization of deferred credits of $(0.8) million, amortization of debt discount and financing costs and accretion of interest of $6.2 million, asset impairment of $50.9 million, loss on sale of assets of $0.2 million, gain on debt forgiveness of $(10.5) million, gain on extinguishment of debt of $(3.0) million, and $3.2 million in miscellaneous operating cash flow items. We had a net change of $6.3 million within other net operating assets and liabilities largely driven by decreases in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses and increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses, partially offset by decreases in deferred revenue.

Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities

Our investing activities generally consist of capital expenditures for aircraft and related flight equipment, deposits paid or returned for equipment and other purchases, and strategic investments.

During our nine months ended June 30, 2025, net cash flow provided by investing activities totaled $193.7 million. Proceeds from the sale of aircraft and engines totaled $199.0 million and we invested $(5.4) million in capital expenditures, primarily consisting of rotable parts and tools. We received $0.1 million in refunds of equipment and other deposits.

During our nine months ended June 30, 2024, net cash flow provided by investing activities totaled $112.9 million. Proceeds from the sale of aircraft and engines totaled $127.1 million, proceeds from the sale of investments in equity securities totaled $2.7 million, we invested $(16.9) million in capital expenditures, primarily consisting of heavy maintenance rotable parts, paid $(0.4) million in investment transaction costs, and received $0.3 million in refunds of equipment and other deposits.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

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Our financing activities generally consist of debt borrowings, principal repayments of debt, payment of debt financing costs, payment of tax withholding for RSUs, and proceeds received from issuing common stock under our ESPP.

During our nine months ended June 30, 2025, net cash flow used in financing activities was $123.4 million, all of which was payments on long-term debt and finance leases.

During our nine months ended June 30, 2024, net cash flow used in financing activities was $149.3 million. We received $86.9 million of proceeds from long-term debt, made $(235.2) million of principal repayments on long-term debt, paid $(0.9) million for debt prepayment costs, and paid $0.1 million for tax withholding of RSUs.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In doing so, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations would be affected. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as critical accounting estimates.

The accompanying discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. We believe certain of our accounting estimates and policies are critical to understanding our financial position and results of operations. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting estimates as explained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 under the heading "Critical Accounting Estimates."

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 3: "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures About Market Risk

We are subject to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks include interest rate risk and, on a limited basis, commodity price risk with respect to foreign exchange transactions. The adverse effects of changes in these markets could pose a potential loss as discussed below. The sensitivity analysis provided does not consider the effects that such adverse changes may have on overall economic activity, nor does it consider additional actions we may take to mitigate our exposure to such changes. Actual results may differ.

Interest Rate Risk. We are subject to market risk associated with changing interest rates on our variable rate long-term debt; the variable interest rates are based on SOFR. The interest rates applicable to variable rate notes may rise and increase the amount of interest expense on our variable rate long-term debt. We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments to protect against the effects of changes in interest rates.

As of June 30, 2025, we had $113.7 million of variable-rate debt, including current maturities. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in market interest rates would have affected interest expense by approximately $1.1 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2025. We did not have any fixed-rate debt as of June 30, 2025.

On July 27, 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it would stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. In December 2020, the administrator of LIBOR proposed to cease publication of certain LIBOR settings after December 2021 and to cease publication of the remainder of the LIBOR settings after June 2023. The majority of our debt arrangements were indexed to one- and three-month LIBOR, which were sunset on June 30, 2023. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, replaced LIBOR with SOFR after June 30, 2023. We applied expedients to agreements under LIBOR that were replaced by SOFR. Under the expedient, we now account for amendments to agreements as if the modification was not substantial. The new carrying amounts of debts consist of the carrying amount of the original debt and any additional fees associated with the modified debt instrument. New effective yields were established based on the new carrying amount and revised cash flows. As of June 30, 2025, we had $113.7 million of borrowings based on SOFR.

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Foreign Currency Risk. We have de minimis foreign currency risks related to our station operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Canadian dollar. Our revenue is U.S. dollar denominated. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our financial statements, and we have not had a formal hedging program with respect to foreign currency. A 10% increase or decrease in current exchange rates would not have a material effect on our financial results.

Fuel Price Risk. Unlike other airlines, our agreements largely shelter us from volatility related to fuel prices, which are directly paid and supplied by our major partners.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting and has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of June 30, 2025. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with general accepted accounting principles. Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025.

We believe we have employed supplementary procedures to ensure the financial statements contained in this report fairly present in all material respects, our financial position as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, and the results of operations and cash flows for the period ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct and unintentional error completely. Accordingly, in designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business, but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHE R INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to certain legal actions which we consider routine to our business activities. As of June 30, 2025, our management believed the ultimate outcomes of other routine legal matters are not likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

We refer you to documents filed by us with the SEC, specifically "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 ("2024 Form 10-K") and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2025 ("March 2025 10-Q"), which identify important risk factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. We also refer you to the factors and cautionary language set forth in the section entitled "Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-looking Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, should be read in conjunction with such risks and other factors for a full understanding of our operations and financial condition. The risks described in our 2024 Form 10-K, our March 2025 10-Q, and herein are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K and March 2025 10-Q.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upo n Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Saf ety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted, terminated, or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. E xhibits

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit Description
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13(a)-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13(a)-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* This certification will not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent specifically incorporated by reference into such filing.

** Certain confidential information contained in this agreement has been omitted because it (i) is not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | MESA AIR GROUP, INC.
Date: August 13, 2025 |  | By: | /s/ Michael J. Lotz
|  |  | Michael J. Lotz Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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