Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the company’s assumptions (unobservable inputs). Determining where an asset or liability falls within that hierarchy depends on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. An adjustment to the pricing method used within either level 1 or level 2 inputs could generate a fair value measurement that effectively falls in a lower level in the hierarchy.

Level 1 – Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – Inputs other than level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs developed using the company’s estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that market participants would use.

The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment. We evaluate our hierarchy disclosures each quarter based on various factors, and it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from quarter to quarter. However, we expect that changes in classifications between different levels will be rare.

The following tables present information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

         
        Fair value measurements as of October 29, 2023, using:

         
        Quoted prices

        Significant

         
        in active

        other

        Significant

         
        markets for

        observable

        unobservable

         
        identical assets

        inputs

        inputs

        (amounts in thousands)

        Level 1

        Level 2

        Level 3

        Total

        Assets:

U.S. Government Money Market Fund

7,060

N/A

N/A

7,060

Growth Allocation Mutual Funds

560

N/A

N/A

560

Moderate Allocation Mutual Fund

46

N/A

N/A

46

Other

266

N/A

N/A

266

         
        Fair value measurements as of October 30, 2022, using:

         
        Quoted prices

        Significant

         
        in active

        other

        Significant

         
        markets for

        observable

        unobservable

         
        identical assets

        inputs

        inputs

        (amounts in thousands)

        Level 1

        Level 2

        Level 3

        Total

        Assets:

U.S. Government Money Market Fund

9,089

N/A

N/A

9,089

Growth Allocation Mutual Funds

438

N/A

N/A

438

Moderate Allocation Mutual Fund

77

N/A

N/A

77

Other

159

N/A

N/A

159

         
        Fair value measurements as of April 30, 2023, using:

         
        Quoted prices

        Significant

         
        in active

        other

        Significant

         
        markets for

        observable

        unobservable

         
        identical assets

        inputs

        inputs

        (amounts in thousands)

        Level 1

        Level 2

        Level 3

        Total

        Assets:

U.S. Government Money Market Fund

7,649

N/A

N/A

7,649

Growth Allocation Mutual Funds

528

N/A

N/A

528

Moderate Allocation Mutual Fund

86

N/A

N/A

86

Other

208

N/A

N/A

208

We have a rabbi trust (the “Trust”) for the participants of our deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”), that enables participants to direct their contributions to various investment options under the Plan. The investments associated with the Trust consist of a money market fund and various mutual funds that are classified as available-for-sale.

As of October 29, 2023, our investments associated with the Trust totaled $7.9 million, of which $937,000 and $7.0 million were classified as short-term and long-term, respectively. As of October 30, 2022, our investments associated with the Trust totaled $9.8 million, of which $2.2 million and $7.6 million were classified as short-term and long-term, respectively. As of April 30, 2023, our investments associated with the Trust totaled $8.5 million, of which $1.4 million and $7.1 million were classified as short-term and long-term, respectively. The investments associated with the Trust had an accumulated unrealized loss of $6,000, an accumulated unrealized loss of $21,000, and an accumulated unrealized gain of $19,000 as of October 29, 2023, October 30, 2022, and April 30, 2023, respectively.

The fair value of our investments associated with the Trust approximates their cost basis.

The carrying amount of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their fair value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments.