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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________ to __________________

Commission File Number: 000-51378

TechPrecision Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Delaware |  | 51-0539828
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)

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1 Bella Drive |  |
Westminster, MA |  | 01473
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code |  | (978) 874-0591

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Title of each class |  | Ticker symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |  | TPCS |  | Nasdaq Capital Market

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☒
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

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If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

​

☐ Yes ☒ No

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The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of September 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $53.0 million.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of September 12, 2024 was 9,619,232.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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​ | Page
​ | ​
PART I | ​
​ | ​
Item 1. Business | 3
​ | ​
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 8
​ | ​
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments | 20
​ | ​
Item 1C. Cybersecurity | 20
​ | ​
Item 2. Properties | 21
​ | ​
Item 3. Legal Proceedings | 21
​ | ​
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 21
​ | ​
Item 4A. Executive Officers of the Registrant | 22
​ | ​
PART II | ​
​ | ​
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 23
​ | ​
Item 6. Reserved | 23
​ | ​
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
​ | ​
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk | 36
​ | ​
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 36
​ | ​
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 688) | 37
​ | ​
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 63
​ | ​
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures | 63
​ | ​
Item 9B. Other Information | 66
​ | ​
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 66
​ | ​
PART III | ​
​ | ​
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance | 67
​ | ​
Item 11. Executive Compensation | 69
​ | ​
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 75
​ | ​
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence | 76
​ | ​
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 77
​ | ​
PART IV | ​
​ | ​
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 78
​ | ​
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary | 81

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2

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PART I

Item 1. Business.

Our Business

We are a manufacturer of precision, large-scale fabricated and machined metal structural components and systems. We offer a full range of services required to transform raw materials into precision finished products. We sell these finished products to customers in two main industry groups: defense and precision industrial. The finished products are used in a variety of markets including defense, aerospace, nuclear, medical, and precision industrial. Our mission is to be a leading end-to-end service provider to our customers by furnishing custom, fully integrated solutions for complete products that require custom fabrication, precision machining, assembly, integration, inspection, non-destructive evaluation, and testing.

We work with our customers to manufacture products in accordance with the customers’ drawings and specifications. Our work complies with specific national and international codes and standards applicable to our industry. We believe that we have earned our reputation through outstanding technical expertise, attention to detail, and a total commitment to quality and excellence in customer service.

We have two wholly owned subsidiaries that are each reportable segments: Ranor and Stadco. Each reportable segment focuses on the manufacture and assembly of specific components, primarily for defense and other precision industrial customers. For discussion of the operating results of our reporting business segments, refer to “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 16, Segment Information, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”.

Termination of the Votaw Acquisition

On November 22, 2023 we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Doerfer Corporation (the “Seller”), pursuant to which, we would acquire all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Votaw Precision Technologies, Inc. (“Votaw”), and after giving effect to such purchase, Votaw was to become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

Due to a change in certain conditions and events, it became probable that on March 31, 2024, the Company would be unable to close on the acquisition. On April 2, 2024, the Seller delivered to us written notice of its election to terminate the Purchase Agreement under Section 7.01(f) effective immediately. Pursuant to Section 7.01(f) of the Purchase Agreement, in the event that the Closing (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) had not occurred by the Outside Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) either the Company or the Seller had the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement, subject to the party terminating having complied with the other required closing conditions.

Since the Seller validly terminated the Purchase Agreement pursuant to Section 7.01(f) therein, the Company was required to pay to the Seller a termination fee, as the Seller’s exclusive remedy, consisting of 320,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued into the name of the Seller (the “Stock Termination Fee”). The Purchase Agreement includes a provision that the Stock Termination Fee is increased by 48,000 additional shares of the Company’s common stock under certain circumstances, including if the Company fails to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause a registration statement to effect the resale of the shares composing the Stock Termination Fee to become effective as soon as practicable.

On April 29, 2024, we issued 320,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as the Stock Termination Fee. On May 2, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1, related to the offer and resale by the Seller of up to 320,000 shares of our common stock that were issued to the Seller as the Stock Termination Fee, which cannot be declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission until we have filed all of the required financial statements, including our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024.

See Note 17, Subsequent Events, to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 and Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” for additional information on the Stock Termination Fee.

About Us

We are a Delaware corporation organized in 2005 under the name Lounsberry Holdings II, Inc. On February 24, 2006, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of our wholly owned subsidiary Ranor, Inc., or “Ranor.” On March 6, 2006, following the acquisition of Ranor, we changed our corporate name to TechPrecision Corporation. Ranor, together with its predecessors, has been in

3

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continuous operation since 1956. From February 24, 2006, until our acquisition of Stadco in August 2021, our primary business has been the business of Ranor.

On August 25, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Stadco, a company in the business of manufacturing high-precision parts, assemblies and tooling for aerospace, defense, research and commercial customers, pursuant to that certain stock purchase agreement with Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco Acquisition, LLC, Stadco and each equity holder of Stadco Acquisition, LLC. On August 25, 2021, pursuant to the stock purchase agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions therein, the Company, through Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Stadco from Stadco Acquisition, LLC. As a result, Stadco is now our wholly owned indirect subsidiary.

Our executive offices are located at 1 Bella Drive, Westminster, Massachusetts 01473, and our telephone number is (978) 874-0591. Our website is www.techprecision.com. Information on our website, or any other website, is not incorporated by reference in this annual report.

References in this annual report to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar words refer to TechPrecision Corporation and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise, while references to “TechPrecision” refer to TechPrecision Corporation and not its subsidiaries.

General

The manufacturing operations of our Ranor subsidiary are situated on approximately 65 acres in North Central Massachusetts. Our 145,000 square foot facility houses state-of-the-art equipment which gives us the capability to manufacture products as large as 100 tons. We offer a full range of services required to transform raw material into precision finished products. Our manufacturing capabilities include fabrication operations (cutting, press and roll forming, assembly, welding, heat treating, blasting and painting) and machining operations including CNC (computer numerical controlled) horizontal and vertical milling centers. We also provide support services to our manufacturing capabilities: manufacturing engineering (planning, fixture and tooling development, and manufacturing), quality control (inspection and testing), materials procurement, production control (scheduling, project management and expediting), and final assembly.

All manufacturing at Ranor’s facility is done in accordance with our written quality assurance program, which meets specific national codes, and international codes, standards, and specifications. The standards used for each customer project are specific to that customer’s needs, and we have implemented such standards into our manufacturing operations.

The manufacturing operations of our Stadco subsidiary are situated in an industrial warehouse and office location comprised of approximately 183,000 square feet in Los Angeles, California. At this site, Stadco manufactures large flight-critical components on several high-profile commercial and military aircraft programs, including military helicopters. It has been a critical supplier to a blue-chip customer base that includes some of the largest OEMs and prime contractors in the defense and aerospace industries. Stadco also provides tooling, customized molds, fixtures, jigs and dies used in the production of aircraft components and operates a large electron beam welding machine allowing it to weld thick pieces of titanium and other metals.

Products

We manufacture a wide variety of products pursuant to customer contracts and based on individual customer needs. We can also provide manufacturing engineering services to assist customers in optimizing their engineering designs for manufacturing efficiency. We do not design the products we manufacture, but rather manufacture according to “build-to-print” requirements specified by our customers. Accordingly, we do not distribute the products that we manufacture on the open market, and we do not market any specific products on an on-going basis. We do not own the intellectual property rights to any proprietary marketed product, and we do not manufacture products in anticipation of orders. Manufacturing operations do not commence on any project before we receive a customer’s purchase order. We only consider contracts that cover specific products within the capability of our resources.

Although we seek continuous production programs with predictable cost structures that provide long-term integrated solutions for our customers, our activities include a variety of both custom-based and production-based requirements. The custom-based work is typically either a prototype or unique, one-of-a-kind product. The production-based work is repeat work or a single product with multiple quantity releases.

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Changes in market demand for our manufacturing expertise can be significant and sudden and require us to be able to adapt to the collective needs of the customers and industries that we serve. Understanding this dynamic, we believe we have developed the capability to transform our workforce to manufacture products for customers across different industries.

We serve customers in the defense, aerospace, nuclear, medical, and precision industrial markets. Examples of products we have manufactured within such industries during recent years include, but are not limited to, custom components for ships and submarines, military helicopters, aerospace equipment, components for nuclear power plants and components for large scale medical systems. We manage and report financial information through our two reportable segments, Ranor and Stadco.

Source of Supply

Our manufacturing operations are partly dependent on the availability of raw materials. Most of our contracts with customers require the use of customer-supplied raw materials in the manufacture of their product. Accordingly, raw material requirements vary with each contract and are dependent upon customer requirements and specifications. We have established relationships with numerous suppliers. When we do buy raw materials, we endeavor to establish alternate sources of material supply to reduce our dependency on any one supplier and strive to maintain a minimal raw material inventory.

Our projects include the manufacturing of products from various traditional as well as specialty metal alloys. These materials may include, but are not limited to steel, nickel, monel, inconel, aluminum, stainless steel, and other alloys. Certain of these materials are subject to long-lead time delivery schedules. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, or “fiscal 2024”, one supplier accounted for 10% or more of our purchased material. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, or “fiscal 2023”, one supplier accounted for 10% or more of our purchased material.

Marketing

While we have significant customer concentration, we endeavor to broaden our customer base as well as the industries we serve. We market to our existing customer base and initiate contacts with new potential customers through various sources including personal contacts, customer referrals, and referrals from other businesses. A significant portion of our business is the result of competitive bidding processes, and a significant portion of our business is from contract negotiation. We believe that the reputation we have developed with our current customers represents an important part of our marketing effort.

Requests for quotations received from customers are reviewed to determine the specific requirements and our ability to meet such requirements. Quotations are prepared by estimating the material and labor costs and assessing our current backlog to determine our delivery commitments. Competitive bid quotations are submitted to the customer for review and award of contract. Negotiation bids typically require the submission of additional information to substantiate the quotation. The bidding process can range from several weeks for a competitive bid to several months for a negotiation bid before the customer awards a contract.

Research and Product Development

Many of our customers generate drawings illustrating their projected unit design and technology requirements. Our research and product development activities are limited and focused on delivering robust production solutions to such projected unit design and technology requirements. We follow this product development methodology in all our major product lines. For these reasons, we incurred no expenses for research and development in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023.

Principal Customers

A significant portion of our business is generated by a small number of major customers. The balance of our business consists of discrete projects for numerous other customers. As industry and market demand changes, our major customers may also change. Our ten largest customers generated approximately 93% and 96% of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively. Our group of largest customers can change from year to year. Our largest single customer in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 was a prime defense contractor and accounted for 28% and 20% of our net sales, respectively. Our defense customers are engaged in the development, delivery and support of advanced defense, security, and aerospace systems, including the U.S. Navy’s Virginia-class fast attack submarine program and the U.S. Navy’s Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine program. We also manufacture large flight-critical components on several high-profile commercial and military aircraft programs, including military helicopters. We have also served customers who supply components to the nuclear power industry.

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We historically have experienced, and continue to experience, customer concentration. A significant loss of business from our largest customer or a combination of several of our significant customers could result in lower operating profitability and/or operating losses if we are unable to replace such lost revenue from other sources. The revenue derived from all of our customers in the designated industry groups for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are displayed in the table below:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Net Sales | ​ | Amount |  | Percent | ​ | Amount |  | Percent | ​
Defense | ​ | $ | 31,406 | ​ | 99 | % | $ | 30,935 |  | 98 | %
Precision Industrial | ​ | $ | 185 | ​ | 1 | % | $ | 497 |  | 2 | %

​

The following table displays revenue generated by individual customers in specific industry sectors that accounted for 10% or more of our revenue in either fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Net Sales | ​ | Amount |  | Percent | ​ | Amount |  | Percent | ​
Defense Customer 1 | ​ | $ | 9,050 | ​ | 28 | % | $ | 6,352 |  | 20 | %
Defense Customer 2 | ​ | $ | * | ​ | * | % | $ | 4,780 |  | 15 | %
Defense Customer 3 | ​ | $ | 3,831 | ​ | 12 | % | $ | 3,249 |  | 10 | %
Defense Customer 4 | ​ | $ | 3,258 | ​ | 10 | % | $ | * |  | * | %
Defense Customer 5 | ​ | $ | 3,320 | ​ | 10 | % | $ | 5,839 | ​ | 19 | %

* Less than 10% of total

On March 31, 2024, we had a backlog of orders totaling $50.0 million. We expect to deliver the backlog over the course of the next two to three fiscal years. The comparable backlog on March 31, 2023 was $44.0 million.

Competition

We face competition from both domestic and foreign entities in the manufacture of metal fabricated and machined precision components and equipment. The industry in which we compete is fragmented with no one dominant player. We compete against companies that are both larger and smaller than us in size and capacity. Some competitors may be better known, have greater resources at their disposal, and have lower production costs. For certain products, being a domestic manufacturer may play a role in determining whether we are awarded a certain contract. For example, we face limited foreign competition for our defense products. For other products and markets, we may be competing against foreign manufacturers who have a lower cost of production. If a contracting party has a relationship with a vendor and is required to place a contract for bids, the preferred vendor may provide or assist in the development of the specification for the product which may be tailored to that vendor’s products. In such event, we would be at a disadvantage in seeking to obtain that contract. We believe that customers focus on such factors as the quality of work, the reputation of the vendor, the perception of the vendor’s ability to meet the required schedule, and price in selecting a vendor for their products. We believe that our strengths in these areas allow us to compete effectively, and that as a result, we are one of a select group of companies that can provide the products and services we are able to provide.

Government Regulations

We provide a significant portion of our manufacturing services as a subcontractor to prime government contractors. Such prime government contractors are subject to government procurement and acquisition regulations which give the government the right to terminate these contracts for convenience, certain renegotiation rights, and rights of inspection. Any government action which affects our customers who are prime government contractors would affect us.

Because of the nature and use of our products, we are subject to compliance with quality assurance programs, compliance with which is a condition for our ability to bid on government contracts and subcontracts. We believe we are in compliance with all of these programs.

We are also subject to laws and regulations applicable to manufacturing operations, such as federal and state occupational health and safety laws, and environmental laws, which are discussed in more detail below under “-Environmental Compliance.”

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Environmental Compliance

We are subject to U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations that pertain to the use, disposal and cleanup of substances regulated by those laws and the filing of reports with environmental agencies, and we are subject to periodic inspections to monitor our compliance. We believe that we are currently in compliance with applicable environmental regulations. As part of our normal business practice, we are required to develop and file reports and maintain logbooks that document all environmental issues within our organization. We may engage outside consultants to assist us in keeping current on developments in environmental regulations. Expenditures for environmental compliance purposes during fiscal 2024 and 2023 were not material.

Occupational Health and Safety Laws

Our business and operations are subject to numerous federal, state, and local laws and regulations intended to protect our employees. Due to the nature of manufacturing, we are subject to substantial regulations related to safety in the workplace. In addition to the requirements of the state government of Massachusetts and California and the local governments having jurisdiction over our plants in those states, we must comply with federal health and safety regulations, the most significant of which are enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”).

Further, our manufacturing and other business operations and facilities are subject to additional federal, state, or local laws or regulations including supply chain transparency, conflict minerals sourcing and disclosure, transportation and other laws or regulations relating to health and safety requirements, including COVID-19 safety and prevention. Our operations are also subject to federal, state, and local labor laws relating to employee privacy, wage and hour matters, overtime pay, harassment and discrimination, equal opportunity and employee leaves and benefits. We are also subject to existing and emerging federal and state laws relating to data security and privacy.

It is our policy and practice to comply with all legal and regulatory requirements and our procedures and internal controls are designed to promote such compliance. Expenditures for compliance with occupational health and safety laws and regulations during fiscal 2024 and 2023 were not material.

Intellectual Property Rights

Presently, we have no registered intellectual property rights other than certain trademarks for our name and other business and marketing materials. Over the course of our business, we develop know-how for use in the manufacturing process. Although we have non-disclosure policies in place with respect to our personnel and in our contractual relationships, we cannot assure you that we will be able to protect our intellectual property rights with respect to this know-how.

Human Capital Resources

The success of our business depends in large part on our ability to attract, retain, and develop a workforce of skilled employees at all levels of our organization. We provide our employees base wages and salaries that we believe are competitive and consistent with employee positions, and work with local, regional, and state-wide agencies to facilitate workforce hiring and development initiatives.

As of March 31, 2024, we had 162 employees, of whom all are full time employees. At Ranor and Stadco, 20 and 19 employees are salaried, and 67 and 56 employees are hourly, respectively. None of our employees are represented by a labor union.

Available Information

We maintain a website at techprecision.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and does not constitute a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available, free of charge, on our website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. These reports are also available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition and the industry in which we operate are subject to various risks. We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) the most significant risk factors applicable to us, but they do not constitute all the risks that may be applicable to us. New risks may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all potential risks or to assess the likely impact of all risks. More information concerning certain of these risks is contained in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our auditors have indicated that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our liquidity is highly dependent on the availability of financing facilities and our ability to maintain a gross profit and operating income. The Company is the borrower under the amended and restated loan agreement with Berkshire Bank (the “Loan Agreement”). The Company has determined that it was not in compliance with the financial covenants in the Loan Agreement as of March 31, 2024. Additionally, our management believes it is probable that the Company will not be in compliance with these financial covenants in future periods. Without a waiver, noncompliance with these financial and related covenants permits the lender to demand repayment in full of all outstanding amounts from the Company. In addition, the lender retains the right to act on covenant violations that occur after the date of delivery of any waiver. If the lender were to demand repayment, the Company would not be able to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations.

In order to satisfy the future financial covenants in the Loan Agreement, we must efficiently increase utilization of our manufacturing capacity at our Stadco subsidiary and improve the manufacturing process, such that our direct labor hours (inputs) allow us to recognize more revenue over time (outputs) and improve job performance. We plan to closely monitor our expenses and, if required, will reduce operating costs and capital spending to enhance liquidity. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in these efforts. If we are unable to achieve compliance in the future with the financial covenants in the Loan Agreement by making operational changes to our business, then we might alternatively seek additional waivers or forbearances from our lender prior to any covenant violation or raise additional funds in one or more equity financing transactions. Any covenant waiver or forbearance may lead to increased costs, increased interest rates, additional restrictive covenants and the imposition of other lender protections that impact us negatively. There can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain waivers or forbearances in a timely manner, on acceptable terms, or at all. Alternatively, the terms of any equity financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders and the issuance of additional securities by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. The sale of additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible into shares of our common stock, would also dilute all of our stockholders.

There was $7.6 million outstanding under the Loan Agreement on March 31, 2024. Berkshire Bank is the lender under the Loan Agreement and has agreed to extend the maturity date of the revolver loan to January 15, 2025. The original maturity date of the revolver loan under the loan agreement was December 20, 2023. While the maturity date of the revolver loan has been extended, it is due within the next 12 months and, if we are not able to renew or further extend the maturity date of the revolver loan, we will need to raise additional funds in order meet our obligations with respect to the revolver loan and sustain our operations.

In addition to extending the maturity date of the revolver loan, the Company acknowledges that a certain event of default has occurred and is continuing under the Loan Agreement because of the Company’s failure to satisfy the Debt Service Coverage Ratio, or DSCR, for the twelve-month period ending March 31, 2024. The lender reserves any and all rights and remedies available to it under the Loan Agreement, including, without limitation, its right to choose to accelerate and demand the outstanding indebtedness evidenced by the loan documents, and to seek immediate repayment in full.

In the event that the lender accelerates the repayment of this indebtedness as the result of one or more breaches of covenant or the maturity date of the revolver loan is not renewed or further extended, we do not expect to have funds available to repay these amounts in full unless we raise additional funds or find alternate financing, which, along with the uncertainty associated with the recurring operating losses at Stadco, raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are issued. The consequences of any default, waiver or forbearance, or the securing of additional equity financing, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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We may pursue acquisitions and other strategic transactions and/or investments to compliment or expand our business that may not be successful.

From time to time, we may explore opportunities to purchase or invest in other businesses or assets that we believe will complement, enhance or expand our current business or that might otherwise offer us growth opportunities, including opportunities that may differ from the Company’s current business. Any transactions that we are able to identify and complete may involve risks, including the commitment of significant capital, the incurrence of indebtedness, the payment of advances, the diversion of management’s attention and resources from our existing business to develop and integrate the acquired or combined business, the inability to successfully integrate such business or assets into our operations, litigation or other claims in connection with acquisitions or against companies we invest in or acquire, the risk of not achieving the intended results and the exposure to losses if the underlying transactions or ventures are not successful.

Whether or not completed, the announcement and pendency of the potential acquisitions could cause disruptions in our business; and current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles, which might adversely affect the ability to retain key employees; and uncertainty regarding the completion of the acquisition may cause customers, suppliers, distributors, vendors, strategic partners or others to delay or defer entering into contracts, make other decisions or seek to change or cancel existing business relationships; and the attention of management may be directed toward the completion of the acquisition.

We face strong competition in our markets.

We face competition from both domestic and foreign manufacturers in each of the markets we serve. No one company dominates the industry in which we operate. Our competitors include international, national, and local manufacturers, some of whom may have greater financial, manufacturing, marketing, and technical resources than we do, or greater penetration in or familiarity with a particular geographic market than we have.

Some competitors may be better known or have greater resources at their disposal, and some may have lower production costs. For certain products, being a domestic manufacturer may play a role in determining whether we are awarded a certain contract. For other products, we may be competing against foreign manufacturers who have a lower cost of production. If a contracting party has a relationship with a vendor and is required to place a contract for bids, the preferred vendor may provide or assist in the development of the specification for the product which may be tailored to that vendor’s products. In such event, we would be at a disadvantage in seeking to obtain that contract. We believe that customers focus on such factors as quality of work, reputation of the vendor, perception of the vendor’s ability to meet the required schedule, and price in selecting a vendor for their products. Some of our customers have moved manufacturing operations or product sourcing overseas, which can negatively impact our sales. To remain competitive, we will need to invest continuously in our manufacturing capabilities and customer service, and we may need to reduce our prices, particularly with respect to customers in industries that are experiencing downturns, which may adversely affect our results of operations. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain our competitive position in each of the markets that we serve, and any failure by us to complete could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because most of our contracts are individual purchase orders and not long-term agreements, there is no guarantee that we will be able to generate a similar amount of revenue in the future.

We must bid or negotiate each of our contracts separately, and when we complete a contract, there is generally no continuing source of revenue under that contract. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will have a continuing stream of revenue from any contract. Our failure to generate new business on an ongoing basis would materially impair our ability to operate profitably. Additionally, our reliance on individual purchase orders has historically caused, and may in future periods cause, our results of operations and cash flows to vary considerably and unpredictably from period to period. Because a significant portion of our revenue is derived from services rendered for the defense, aerospace, nuclear, large medical device and precision industrial markets, our operating results may suffer from conditions affecting these industries, including any budgeting, economic or other trends that have the effect of reducing the requirements for our services. Lingering impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, labor shortages and/or supply chain disruptions in the broader economy may also reduce demand for our products and services because of delays or disruptions in our customers’ ability to continue their own production, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operation.

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Our business may be impacted by external factors that we may not be able to control, including health emergencies like epidemics or pandemics, and the war between Russia and Ukraine.

War, civil conflict, terrorism, natural disasters, and public health issues including domestic or international pandemics, have caused and could cause damage or disruption to domestic or international commerce by creating economic or political uncertainties. Additionally, volatility in the financial markets, instability in the banking sector and disruptions or downturns in other areas of the global or U.S. economies could negatively impact our business. These events could result in a decrease in demand for our products, make it difficult or impossible to deliver orders to customers or receive materials from suppliers, affect the availability or pricing of energy sources or result in other severe consequences that may or may not be predictable. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We could also be negatively affected by health emergencies, including epidemics or pandemics. The effects of any such health emergency and related governmental responses could include extended disruptions to supply chains and capital markets, reduced labor availability and productivity and a prolonged reduction in demand for our services and overall global economic activity. This could result in the Company experiencing significant disruptions, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

To date, the company has not experienced any material effects from the war between Russia and Ukraine and sanctions placed on the Russian Federation and Belarus. However, because of our reliance on certain raw materials and energy supplies, an economic environment of rising costs and interest rates could have an unfavorable impact our operations and financial condition. Additionally, recent events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect banks, financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have recently and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems, which could impact demand for our products. This uncertainty regarding liquidity concerns in the financial services industry could adversely impact our business, our business partners, or industry as a whole in ways that we cannot predict at this time.

Because of our dependence on a limited number of customers, our failure to generate major contracts from a small number of customers may impair our ability to operate profitably.

We have, in the past, been dependent in each year on a small number of customers who generate a significant portion of our business, and these customers change from year to year. For the year ended March 31, 2024, our four largest customers accounted for approximately 61% of our revenue. For the year ended March 31, 2023, our four largest customers accounted for approximately 64% of our revenue. In addition, our backlog on March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $50.0 million and $44.0 million, respectively, of which 76% and 83% was attributable to four customers.

As a result, we may have difficulty operating profitably if there is a default in payment by any of our major customers, we lose an existing order, or we are unable to generate orders from new or existing customers. Furthermore, to the extent that any one customer accounts for a large percentage of our revenue, the loss of that customer could materially affect our ability to operate profitably. For example, our largest customer in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 accounted for 28% and 20%, respectively, of our revenue for both years. The loss of these customers could have a material adverse effect upon our business and may impair our ability to operate profitably. We anticipate that our dependence on a limited number of customers in any given fiscal year will continue for the foreseeable future. There is always a risk that existing customers will elect not to do business with us in the future or will experience financial difficulties. If our customers experience financial difficulties or business reversals, or lose orders or anticipated orders, which would reduce or eliminate the need for the products which they ordered from us, they could be unable or unwilling to fulfill their contracts with us.

There is also a risk that our customers will attempt to impose new or additional requirements on us that reduce the profitability of the orders placed by those customers with us. Further, even if the orders are not changed, these orders may not generate margins equal to our recent historical or targeted results. If we do not book more orders with existing customers, or develop relationships with new customers, we may not be able to increase, or even maintain, our revenue, and our financial condition, results of operations, business and/or prospects may be materially adversely affected.

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Our backlog figures may not accurately predict future sales or recognizable revenue.

We expect to fill most items of backlog within the next three years. However, because orders may be rescheduled or canceled and a significant portion of our net sales is derived from a small number of customers, backlog is not necessarily indicative of future sales levels. Moreover, we cannot be sure of when during the future 36-month period we will be able to recognize revenue corresponding to our backlog nor can we be certain that revenues corresponding to our backlog will not fall into periods beyond the 36-month horizon.

Any decrease in the availability, or increase in the cost, of raw materials could materially affect our earnings.

The availability of certain critical raw materials, such as steel, nickel, monel, inconel, aluminum, stainless steel, and other alloys, is subject to factors that are not within our control. At any given time, we may be unable to obtain an adequate supply of these critical raw materials on a timely basis, at prices and other terms acceptable to us, or at all.

If suppliers increase the price of critical raw materials or are unwilling or unable to meet our demand, we may not have alternative sources of supply. In addition, to the extent that we have existing contracts or have quoted prices to customers and accepted customer orders for products prior to purchasing the necessary raw materials, we may be unable to raise the price of products to cover all or part of the increased cost of the raw materials.

The manufacture of some of our products is a complex process and requires long lead times. As a result, we may experience delays or shortages in the supply of raw materials. If we are unable to obtain adequate and timely deliveries of required raw materials, we may be unable to complete our manufacturing projects and deliver finished products on a timely basis. This could cause us to lose sales, incur additional costs, delay new product introductions, or suffer harm to our reputation.

In addition, costs of certain critical raw materials have been volatile due to factors beyond our control. Raw material costs are included in our contracts with customers, but in some cases, we are exposed to changes in raw material costs from the time purchase orders are placed to when we purchase the raw materials for production. Changes in business conditions could adversely affect our ability to recover rapid increases in raw material costs and may adversely affect our results of operations.

Additionally, changes in international trade duties and other aspects of international trade policy, both in the U.S. and abroad, could materially impact the cost of raw materials. For example, from March 2018 until March 2021, the U.S. imposed an additional 25% tariff under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, on steel products imported into the U.S. While these tariffs have mostly been lifted on imports from countries other than the Peoples’ Republic of China, imports from many jurisdictions are subject to limitations on volume, after which substantial tariffs will be reimposed. The U.S. also imposed a 10% tariff on all aluminum imports into the United States, with initial exemptions for aluminum imported from certain U.S. trading partners. Such actions could increase steel and aluminum costs and decrease supply availability. In response to the invasion of Ukraine by the military forces of the Russian Federation, the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions have imposed sanctions that, among other things, prohibit the importation of a wide array of commodities and products from Russia, which is a major global supplier of nickel. Any increase in nickel, steel and/or aluminum prices that is not offset by an increase in our prices could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, if we are unable to acquire timely nickel, steel or aluminum supplies, we may need to decline bid and order opportunities, which could also have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

All of our manufacturing and production is done at two locations, in California and Massachusetts. We may be exposed to significant disruption to our business as a result of unforeseeable developments at either geographic location.

We operate at two manufacturing and production facilities in Westminster, Massachusetts and Los Angeles, California. It is possible that we could experience prolonged periods of reduced production due to unforeseen catastrophic events occurring in or around our manufacturing and production facilities. It is also possible that operations could be disrupted due to other unforeseen circumstances such as power outages, explosions, fires (including wildfires), floods, earthquakes, accidents, and severe weather conditions. As a result, we may be unable to shift manufacturing capabilities to alternate locations, accept materials from suppliers, meet customer shipment needs or address other severe consequences that may be encountered, and we may suffer damage to our reputation. Our financial condition and results of our operations could be materially adversely affected were such events to occur.

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Our manufacturing processes are complex, must constantly be upgraded to remain competitive and depend upon critical, high-cost equipment that may require costly repair or replacement.

It is possible that we could experience prolonged periods of reduced production due to unplanned equipment failures, and we could incur significant repair or replacement costs in the event of those failures.

We must make regular capital investments and changes to our manufacturing processes to lower production costs, improve productivity, manufacture new or improved products and remain competitive. We may not be able to take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures if we fail to update, replace or make additions to our equipment or our manufacturing processes in a timely manner. The cost to repair or replace much of our equipment or facilities could be significant. We cannot be certain that we will have sufficient internally generated cash or acceptable external financing to make necessary capital expenditures in the future.

Our production facilities are energy-intensive, and we rely on third parties to supply energy consumed at our production facilities.

The prices for and availability of electricity, natural gas, oil, and other energy resources are subject to volatile market conditions. These market conditions often are affected by political and economic factors beyond our control, including the imposition of sanctions on the Russian Federation that prevent it from selling its significant sources of oil and natural gas into key international markets, which impacts the global price of these commodities. Disruptions or lack of availability in the supply of energy resources could temporarily impair our ability to operate our production facility. Further, increases in energy costs, or changes in costs relative to energy costs paid by competitors, may adversely affect our profitability. To the extent that these uncertainties cause suppliers and customers to be more cost sensitive, increased energy prices may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The dangers inherent in our operations and the limits on insurance coverage could expose us to potentially significant liability costs and materially interfere with the performance of our operations.

The fabrication of large steel structures involves potential operating hazards that can cause personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment and suspension of operations. The failure of such structures during and after installation can result in similar injuries and damages. Although we believe that our insurance coverage is adequate, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable or that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover future claims that may arise. Claims for which we are not fully insured may adversely affect our working capital and profitability. In addition, changes in the insurance industry have generally led to higher insurance costs and decreased availability of coverage. The availability of insurance that covers risks we and our competitors typically insure against may decrease, and the insurance that we are able to obtain may have higher deductibles, higher premiums, and more restrictive policy terms.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, and we cannot be certain that we will maintain profitability in every quarterly reporting period.

Our operating results historically have been difficult to predict and have at times significantly fluctuated from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Among these factors includes the fact that most of our contracts are individual purchase orders and not long-term agreements. Additionally, our ability to meet project completion schedules for an individual project and record the corresponding revenue over-time can fluctuate and cause significant changes in our revenue and other financial results. As a result of these factors, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Our operating expenses do not always vary directly with revenue and may be difficult to adjust in the short term. As a result, if revenue for a particular quarter is below our expectations, we may not be able to proportionately reduce operating expenses for that quarter, and therefore such a revenue shortfall would have a disproportionate effect on our operating results for that quarter.

We recognize revenue for our defense contracts and some commercial contracts based on percentage of completion that requires significant management judgement. Errors made to our estimates of revenue and costs could result in overstated or understated profits or losses, subject to adjustment.

For most of our defense industry contracts, we recognize revenue over time as we perform services or deliver goods. In situations where control transfers or services are performed over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. We recognize revenue over time based on the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer, or at a point in time. This transfer will occur over time when the Company’s performance does not create an asset that has an

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alternative use to the Company, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Otherwise, control to the promised goods or services transfers to customers at a point in time.

Due to the size and nature of the work required to be performed on many of our contracts, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complicated and subject to many variables. Contract costs include material, labor, and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs. We are required to make assumptions regarding the number of labor hours required to complete a task, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability and cost of materials and performance by our subcontractors. For contract change orders, claims or similar items, we apply judgment in estimating the amounts and assessing the potential for realization. Contract modifications - as well as other changes in estimates of sales, costs, and profits on a performance obligation - are recognized using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. This method recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes in current and prior periods. If our estimate of total contract costs or our determination of whether the customer agrees that a milestone is achieved is incorrect, our revenue could be overstated or understated, and the profits or loss reported could be subject to adjustment. If our revenues and costs require adjustment, our stock price could decline.

Demand in our end-use markets can be cyclical, impacting the demand for the products we produce.

Demand in our end-use markets, including companies in the defense, aerospace, precision industrial, and nuclear industries, can be cyclical in nature and sensitive to general economic conditions, competitive influences, and fluctuations in inventory levels throughout the supply chain. Our sales are sensitive to the market conditions present in the industries in which the ultimate consumers of our products operate, which in some cases have been highly cyclical and subject to substantial downturns.

As a result of the cyclical nature of these markets, we have experienced, and in the future, we may experience, significant fluctuations in our sales and results of operations with respect to a substantial portion of our total product offering, and such fluctuations could be material and adverse to our overall financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

We could be adversely affected by reductions in defense spending.

Because certain of our products are used in a variety of military applications, including ships, submarines and helicopters, we derive most of our revenue from the defense industry. In fiscal 2024 and 2023, approximately 99% and 98% of our revenue was derived from customers in the defense industry. Although many of the programs under which we sell products to prime U.S. government contractors extend several years, they are subject to annual funding through congressional appropriations. While spending authorizations for defense-related programs by the U.S. government have increased in recent years due to greater homeland security and foreign military commitments, these spending levels may not be sustainable and could significantly decline. Future levels of expenditures, authorizations, and appropriations for programs we support may decrease or shift to programs in areas where we do not currently provide services. Changes in spending authorizations, appropriations, and budgetary priorities could also occur due to a shift in the number, and intensity, of potential and ongoing conflicts, the rapid growth of the federal budget deficit, increasing political pressure to reduce overall levels of government spending, shifts in spending priorities from national defense as a result of competing demands for federal funds, or other factors. It is also possible that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine causes a reorientation of US defense spending away from the naval submarine programs from which we derive substantial portions of our revenue towards land-based military projects, which could involve fewer programs in which our products would be needed. Our business prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed among other causes by the following: 1) budgetary constraints affecting U.S. government spending generally, or specific departments or agencies in particular, and changes in available funding, such as federal government sequestration (automatic spending cuts); 2) changes in U.S. government programs or requirements; and 3) a prolonged U.S. government shutdown and other potential delays in the appropriations process.

Failure to obtain and retain skilled technical personnel could adversely affect our operations.

Our production facilities require skilled personnel to operate and provide technical services and support for our business. Competition for the personnel required for our business intensifies as activity increases. In periods of high utilization, it may become more difficult to find and retain qualified individuals, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. This could increase our costs or have other adverse effects on our results of operations.

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The extensive environmental, health and safety regulatory regimes applicable to our manufacturing operations create potential exposure to significant liabilities.

The nature of our manufacturing business subjects our operations to numerous and varied federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to pollution, protection of public health and the environment, natural resource damages and occupational safety and health. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations, or with the permits required for our operations, could result in fines or civil or criminal sanctions, third party claims for property damage or personal injury, and investigation and cleanup costs. Potentially significant expenditures could be required in order to comply with environmental laws that may be adopted or imposed in the future.

We have used, and currently use, certain substances that are considered hazardous, extremely hazardous or toxic under worker safety and health laws and regulations. Although we implement controls and procedures designed to reduce continuing risk of adverse impacts and health and safety issues, we could incur substantial cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions, and third party property damage or personal injury claims as a result of violations, non-compliance or liabilities under these regulatory regimes.

As a manufacturing business, we also must comply with federal and state environmental laws and regulations which relate to the manner in which we store and dispose of materials and the reports that we are required to file. We cannot assure you that we will not incur additional costs to maintain compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that we will not incur significant penalties for failure to be in compliance any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our systems and information technology infrastructure may be subject to security breaches and other cybersecurity incidents.

We rely on the accuracy, capacity, and security of our information technology systems to obtain, process, analyze, and manage data, as well as to facilitate the manufacture and distribution of products to and from our facility. We receive, process and ship orders, manage the billing of and collections from our customers, and manage the accounting for and payment to our vendors. Maintaining the security of computers, computer networks, and data storage resources is a critical issue for us and our customers, as security breaches could result in vulnerabilities and loss of and/or unauthorized access to confidential information. We may face attempts by experienced hackers, cybercriminals, hostile nation-state actors, or others with authorized access to our systems to misappropriate our proprietary information and technology, interrupt our business, and/or gain unauthorized access to confidential information. The reliability and security of our information technology infrastructure and software, and our ability to expand and continually update technologies in response to our changing needs is critical to our business. To the extent that any disruptions or security breaches result in a loss or damage to our data, it could cause harm to our reputation. This could lead some customers to stop using us for building their products and reduce or delay future purchases of our products or use competing products. In addition, we could face enforcement actions by U.S. states, the U.S. federal government, or foreign governments, which could result in fines, penalties, and/or other liabilities and which may cause us to incur legal fees and costs, and/or additional costs associated with responding to the cyberattack. Increased regulation regarding cybersecurity may increase our costs of compliance, including fines and penalties, as well as costs of cybersecurity audits. Any of these actions could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to regulations related to conflict minerals which could adversely impact our business.

We are subject to SEC rules regarding disclosure of the use of tin, tantalum, tungsten, gold and certain other minerals, known as conflict minerals, in products manufactured by public companies. These rules require that public companies conduct due diligence to determine whether such minerals originated from the Democratic Republic of Congo, or the DRC, or an adjoining country and whether such minerals helped finance the armed conflict in the DRC. These rules require ongoing due diligence efforts, along with annual conflict minerals reports. There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including costs to determine the origin of conflict minerals used in our products.

In addition, these rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers offering conflict-free minerals, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary conflict minerals from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. Also, we may face reputational challenges if the due diligence procedures we implement do not enable us to verify the origins for all conflict minerals or to determine that such minerals are DRC conflict-free. We may also encounter challenges to satisfy customers that may require all of the components of products purchased to be certified as DRC conflict-free because our supply chain is complex. If we are not able to meet customer requirements, customers may choose to disqualify us as a supplier.

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We currently do not use any conflict minerals in the production of our products, but from time to time we may receive a customer order necessitating the use of conflict minerals. In the event we produce any products utilizing conflict minerals, we will be required to comply with the rules discussed above.

Changes in delivery schedules and order specifications may affect our revenue stream.

Although we perform manufacturing services pursuant to orders placed by our customers, we have in the past experienced delays in scheduling and changes in the specification of our products. Delays in scheduling have been and, in the future, may be caused by disruptions relating to epidemics, pandemics and government-imposed lockdowns, or economy-wide supply chain disruptions, while changes in order specifications may result from a number of factors, including a determination by the customer that the product specifications need to be changed after receipt of an initial product or prototype. As a result of these changes, we may suffer a delay in the recognition of revenue from projects and may incur contract losses. We cannot assure you that our results of operations will not be affected in the future by delays or changes in specifications or that we will ever be able to recoup revenue which was lost as a result of the delays or changes. Further, if we cannot allocate our personnel to a different project, we will continue to incur expenses relating to the initial project, including labor and overhead. Thus, if orders are postponed, our results of operations would be impacted by our need to maintain staffing and other expense-generating aspects of production for the postponed projects, even though they were not fully utilized, and revenue associated with the project will not be recognized during this period. We cannot assure that our operating results will not decline in future periods as a result of changes in customers’ orders.

Negative economic conditions may adversely impact the demand for our services and the ability of our customers to meet their obligations to us on a timely basis. Any disputes with customers could also have an adverse impact on our income and cash flows.

Negative economic conditions, including tightening of credit in financial markets as a result of increases in interest rates and/or instability in the banking system, may lead businesses to postpone spending, which may impact our customers, causing them to cancel, decrease or delay their existing and future orders with us. Declines in economic conditions may further impact the ability of our customers to meet their obligations to us on a timely basis. If customers are unable to meet their obligations to us on a timely basis, it could adversely impact the realization of receivables, the valuation of inventories and the valuation of long-lived assets. Additionally, we may be negatively affected by contractual disputes with customers, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our customers successfully assert product liability claims against us due to defects in our products, our operating results may suffer and our reputation may be harmed.

Due to the circumstances under which many of our products are used and the fact that some of our products are relied upon by our customers in their facilities or operations, we face an inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event that the failure, use or misuse of our products results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury, property damage or economic loss. We have been subject to product liability claims in the past, and we may be subject to claims in the future. A successful product liability claim or series of claims against us, or a significant warranty claim or series of claims against us could materially decrease our liquidity and impair our financial condition and also materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We maintain a substantial amount of outstanding indebtedness, which could impair our ability to operate our business and react to changes in our business, remain in compliance with debt covenants and make payments on our debt.

Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including, without limitation:

● | increasing our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions because our debt payment obligations may limit our ability to use our cash to respond to or defend against changes in the industry or the economy;

● | requiring a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities;

● | limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes;

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● | limiting our ability to pursue our growth strategy, including restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;

● | placing us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less leveraged and may be better able to use their cash flow to fund competitive responses to changing industry, market or economic conditions; and

● | making us more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business, our industry, or the economy in general.

Because certain of our borrowing facilities contain variable interest rate provisions, many of the above consequences could be worsened if interest rates continue to rise. In addition, our current credit facilities contain, and any future credit facilities to which we become a party will likely contain, covenants and other provisions that restrict our operations. These restrictive covenants and provisions could limit our ability to obtain future financings, make needed capital expenditures, withstand a future downturn in our business, or the economy in general, or otherwise conduct necessary corporate activities, and may prevent us from taking advantage of business opportunities that arise in the future.

If we refinance our credit facilities, we cannot guarantee that any new credit facility will not contain similar covenants and restrictions.

Our liquidity is highly dependent on our available financing facilities and ability to improve our gross profit and operating income. Our failure to obtain new or additional financing, if required, could impair our ability to both serve our existing customer base and develop new customers and could result in our failure to continue to operate as a going concern. To the extent that we require new or additional financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to get such financing on terms equal to or better than the terms of our current credit facilities with Berkshire Bank. If we are unable to borrow funds under an existing credit facility, it may be necessary for us to conduct an offering of debt and/or equity securities on terms which may be disadvantageous to us or have a negative impact on our outstanding securities and the holders of such securities. In the event of an equity offering, it may be necessary that we offer such securities at a price that is significantly below our current trading levels which may result in substantial dilution to our investors that do not participate in the offering and a new lower trading level for our common stock.

We may need new or additional financing in the future to expand our business or refinance existing indebtedness, and our inability to obtain capital on satisfactory terms or at all may have an adverse impact on our operations and our financial results.

We may need new or additional financing in the future to expand our business, refinance existing indebtedness or make strategic acquisitions, and our inability to obtain capital on satisfactory terms or at all may have an adverse impact on our operations, financial condition, or results of operations. As we grow our business, we may have to incur significant capital expenditures. We may make capital investments to, among other things, build new or upgrade our existing facilities, purchase or lease new equipment and enhance our production processes. If we are unable to access capital on satisfactory terms and conditions, we may not be able to expand our business or meet our payment requirements under our existing credit facilities. Our ability to obtain new or additional financing will depend on a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. We may not be able to obtain new or additional financing because we may have substantial debt, our current receivable and inventory balances may not support additional debt availability or because we may not have sufficient cash flows to service or repay our existing or future debt. In addition, depending on market conditions and our financial performance, equity financing may not be available on satisfactory terms or at all. Moreover, if we raise additional funds through issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our current stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to access capital on satisfactory terms and conditions, this could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any deterioration or disruption of the credit and capital markets may adversely affect our access to sources of funding.

Disruptions in the credit markets can cause severely restricted access to capital for companies. In particular, recent events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that have affected banks, financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, including, for example, Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank or First Republic Bank, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. When credit markets deteriorate or are disrupted, our ability to incur additional indebtedness to fund a portion of our working capital needs and other general corporate purposes, or to refinance maturing obligations as they become due, may be constrained. This risk could be exacerbated by future deterioration in the Company’s credit ratings. In addition, if the counterparty backing our existing credit facilities were unable to perform on its commitments, our liquidity could be impacted, which could adversely affect funding of working capital requirements and other general corporate purposes.

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In the event we need to access the capital markets or other sources of financing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms or within an acceptable time, if at all. In addition, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, high inflation and increasing interest rates have significantly disrupted world financial markets, increased volatility in U.S. capital markets, and may reduce opportunities for us to seek additional funding. Our inability to obtain financing on terms and within a time acceptable to us could have an adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

If we fail to regain compliance with The Nasdaq Stock Market’s listing standards, our common stock could be delisted from Nasdaq.

As a listed Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) company, we are subject to rules covering, among other things, certain major corporate transactions, the composition of our board of directors and committees thereof, the minimum bid price of our common stock and minimum stockholders’ equity. Nasdaq also has rules governing the timely filing of periodic reports we have received notices from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) (the “Timely Filing Requirement”) because we had not timely filed our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023 (the “Q3 2024 10-Q”), our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 (the “FY 2024 10-K”) and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024 (the “Q1 2025 10-Q”) with the SEC on or before the applicable period provided for each filing. While we have filed our Q3 2023 10-Q and our FY 2024 10-K, our Q1 2025 10-Q has not yet been filed with the SEC and we will not regain compliance with the Timely Filing Requirement until our Q1 2025 10-Q has been filed with the SEC. The failure to meet any Nasdaq requirements may result in the delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq, which could adversely affect the liquidity and market price of our common stock.

If our common stock were to be delisted, selling shares of our common stock could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our common stock is delisted, broker-dealers have certain regulatory requirements imposed upon them, which may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock, further limiting the liquidity thereof. These factors could result in lower prices for shares of our common stock and/or limit an investor’s ability to execute a transaction. In addition, delisting from Nasdaq could also impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could lead to significant dilution to our stockholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions at a price per share significantly below the then market price.

We could be negatively affected as a result of a proxy contest and the actions of activist stockholders.

On July 2, 2024, our board of directors received notice from a stockholder of the stockholder’s intention to nominate two nominees to stand for election to our board of directors at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders. A proxy contest with respect to election of our directors, or other activist stockholder activities, could adversely affect our business because: (1) responding to a proxy contest and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disruptive to our operations and divert the attention of management and our employees; (2) perceived uncertainties as to our future direction caused by activist activities may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners; and (3) if individuals are elected to our board of directors with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively and timely implement our strategic plans.

Our stock price may fluctuate significantly.

The stock market can experience significant volatility, and the volatility of stocks often does not relate to the operating performance of the companies represented by the stock. The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations because of general market conditions and because of factors specifically related to our businesses.

Factors that could cause volatility in the market price of our common stock include market conditions affecting our customers’ businesses, including the level of mergers and acquisitions activity, anticipated changes in spending on national defense by the U.S. Government, and actual and anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, rumors relating to us or our competitors, actions of stockholders, including sales of shares by our directors and executive officers, additions or departures of key personnel, and developments concerning current or future strategic alliances or acquisitions. Volatility in our stock price may also be enhanced by the fact that our common stock is often thinly traded. Additionally, the economic and other consequences of the recent instability in the banking system, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, high inflation and increasing interest rates have resulted in significant volatility in the equity capital markets as the economy begins to recover.

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These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock at a profit and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, even if the lawsuit is without merit, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management.

The issuance of shares of our common stock as compensation may dilute the value of existing stockholders and may affect the market price of our stock.

We may use, and have in the past used, stock options, stock grants and other equity-based incentives to provide motivation and compensation to our directors, officers, employees and key independent consultants. The award of any such incentives will result in immediate and potentially substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and could result in a decline in the value of our stock price. The exercise of these options and the sale of stock issued upon such exercise or pursuant to stock grants may have an adverse effect upon the price of our stock.

The number of shares of common stock we have registered for resale and the number of shares we expect to register for resale in the future are significant in relation to the number of our outstanding shares of common stock.

We filed a Registration Statement on January 7, 2022, which was declared effective on January 18, 2022, to register the resale of shares of our common stock into the public market by certain stockholders that acquired shares of our common stock in transactions not registered under the Securities Act. In addition, we are obligated to register for resale the Stock Termination Fee and the shares of common stock that could be sold by participants in the July Private Placement (as defined below), including shares underlying PIPE Warrants (as defined below). These shares represent a significant number of shares of our total number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock. The resale by these stockholders of a significant number of these shares, or the perception in the public markets that such selling securityholders may sell all or a portion of such securities, could depress the market price of our Common Stock during the period the applicable registration statement remains effective.

Trading volume of our common stock has fluctuated from time to time and is typically low, which may make it difficult for investors to sell their shares at times and prices that investors feel are appropriate.

To date, the trading volume of our common stock has fluctuated, and there is typically a low volume of trading in our common stock. Generally, lower trading volumes adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock, not only in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price, but also through delays in the timing of transactions and reduction in security analysts’ and the media’s coverage of us. This may result in lower prices for our common stock than might otherwise be obtained and could also result in a larger spread between the bid and asked prices for our common stock.

Because of our cash requirements and restrictions in our debt agreements, we may be unable to pay dividends.

In view of the cash requirements of our business, we expect to use any cash flow generated by our business to finance our operations and growth and to service our indebtedness. Further, we are subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under our debt agreements which restrict our ability to declare or pay any dividend or other distribution on equity, purchase or retire any equity, or alter our capital structure. Accordingly, any return to stockholders will be limited to the appreciation of the value of their holdings of our stock.

The rights of the holders of our common stock may be impaired by the potential issuance of preferred stock.

Our certificate of incorporation gives our board of directors the right to create new series of preferred stock. As a result, the board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting, dividend, conversion, liquidation, or other rights that are superior to the rights associated with our common stock, which could adversely affect the voting power and equity interest of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock, which could be issued with the right to more than one vote per share, could be utilized as a method of discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change of control. The possible impact on takeover attempts could adversely affect the price of our common stock.

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General Risk Factors

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade their rating on our common stock, or if we fail to meet projections and estimates of earnings developed by such analysts, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the research and reports that securities analysts publish about us and our business. The price of our common stock could decline if one or more analysts downgrade their rating on our common stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business. In addition, although we do not make projections relating to our future operating results, our operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In this event, the market price of our common stock would likely be adversely affected.

We have identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, resulting from control deficiencies related to 1) an insufficient complement of Stadco accounting staff necessary to consistently perform management review controls over financial information and complete account reconciliations on a timely basis to ensure all transactions were accurately captured and recorded, 2) initial purchase accounting and fair value accounting associated with the Stadco acquisition, and 3) adjustments related to tax accounting for a deficient analysis of the valuation allowance. If we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, which could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business and investors’ views of us.

We are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires public companies to include in their annual report a statement of management’s responsibilities for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, together with an assessment of the effectiveness of those internal controls. Ensuring that we have effective internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be re-evaluated frequently. Our failure to maintain the effectiveness of our internal controls in accordance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business. We could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock, and could result in us being the subject of regulatory scrutiny.

During the evaluation and testing process of our internal controls, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective. For example, in connection with the audit of our financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2024, we identified three material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses we identified pertain to (i) initial purchase accounting and the continuing fair value accounting associated with our acquisition of Stadco, (ii) our failure to maintain a sufficient complement of tax accounting personnel necessary to perform management review controls related to activities for extracting information to determine the valuation allowance at Stadco on a timely basis, and (iii) we did not maintain a sufficient complement resources and expertise on the Stadco accounting staff necessary to consistently perform management review controls over financial information and complete account reconciliations on a timely basis to ensure all transactions were accurately captured and recorded prior to closing the books. See “—Material Weakness” and “—Management’s Remediation Plan” in the section titled “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” for more details concerning this material weakness.

While we have taken steps to enhance our internal control environment, we have addressed the underlying cause of the material weaknesses with the implementation of additional controls including those designed to raise the level of precision of management review controls to gain additional assurance regarding the timely completion of our quality control procedures. The steps we have taken to date were not sufficient to remediate these material weaknesses or to avoid the identification of other material weaknesses in the future. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and are continuing to implement, will be sufficient to avoid additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of shares of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.

Laws and regulations governing international operations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, may require us to develop and implement costly compliance programs and the failure to comply with such laws may result in substantial penalties.

We must comply with laws and regulations relating to international business operations. The creation and implementation of compliance programs for international business practices is costly and such programs are difficult to enforce, particularly where reliance on third

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parties is required. Specifically, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the “FCPA”, prohibits any U.S. individual or business from paying, authorizing payment, or offering anything of value, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official, for the purpose of influencing any act or decision of the foreign official in order to assist the individual or business in obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with certain accounting provisions requiring the company to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the company, including international subsidiaries, and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations. The anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA are enforced primarily by the U.S. Department of Justice.

Compliance with the FCPA is expensive and difficult, particularly in countries in which corruption is a recognized problem. The failure to comply with laws governing international business practices may result in substantial penalties, including suspension or debarment from government contracting. Violation of the FCPA can result in significant civil and criminal penalties. Indictment alone under the FCPA can lead to suspension of the right to do business with the U.S. government until the pending claims are resolved. Conviction of a violation of the FCPA can result in long-term disqualification as a government contractor.

The termination of a government contract or customer relationship because of our failure to satisfy any of our obligations under laws governing international business practices would have a negative impact on our operations and harm our reputation and ability to procure government contracts. The SEC also may suspend or bar issuers from trading securities on U.S. exchanges for violations of the FCPA’s accounting provisions. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy

We have processes in place to assess, identify, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats. We and our subsidiaries currently rely heavily on products and services provided by third-party suppliers to operate certain critical business systems, including without limitation, cloud-based infrastructure, encryption and authentication technology, email, and other functions. Our IT staff along with the third-party providers and outsourced IT services monitor and address cybersecurity related risks, including installing software for threat protection and malware. Our IT staff and such third-party providers are tasked with notifying management of any material risks or cybersecurity concerns that they identify, which management then assesses and may bring to our board of directors to discuss if deemed necessary or appropriate.

We continue to work with outside counsel and third - party service providers to further develop our expertise, processes and procedures with respect to cybersecurity protection and our response plan.

To date, we have not (to our knowledge) encountered cybersecurity challenges that have materially impaired our operations or financial standing. For additional information regarding risks from cybersecurity threats, please refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in this Report. We maintain a cyber liability insurance policy. However, our cyber liability insurance policy may not cover all claims made against us, and defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention from our business and operations.

Governance

Our Chief Executive Officer is primarily responsible for assessing and managing our strategic risk exposures, including material risks from cybersecurity threats, with assistance from our IT staff and third-party service providers. Our IT staff at both Ranor and Stadco oversee their respective cybersecurity processes on a day-to-day basis, including those described under the heading “Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy” above, and escalate matters to our Chief Executive Officer as appropriate.

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Our audit committee is tasked with general oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Chief Executive Officer provides periodic briefings to the audit committee of our board of directors regarding our cybersecurity risks and activities, including any recent cybersecurity incidents and related responses, cybersecurity systems testing, activities of third parties, and the like. In furtherance thereof, the committee is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure. Our audit committee provides regular updates to the board of directors on such reports.

Item 2. Properties.

We own approximately 145,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space under roof, situated on approximately 61 acres at 1 Bella Drive, Westminster, Massachusetts that is used by our Ranor reportable segment. We believe that our current facilities in Westminster are adequate for our present operational requirements, with room for limited expansion. The manufacturing facilities include a fabrication plant and a machining plant, providing custom solutions through our core competencies in manufacturing engineering, materials management and traceability, fabrication, machining, assembly and testing, finishing and coating, and packaging. Our capabilities include 100+ ton crane capacity, 35 feet under hook, weld positioners up to 50-ton, 400+ approved weld procedures, multiple weld cells, stress relief ovens, blast rooms, and multiple precision machining centers. Our loans from Berkshire Bank are secured by a first lien on all personal and real property of Ranor, including our space in Westminster, Massachusetts.

We lease approximately 183,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space under roof, situated on approximately 5 acres at 1931 North Broadway, Los Angeles, California that is used by our Stadco reportable segment. Tooling capabilities include large-scale, high-precision, complex geometry invar, steel, and aluminum tools, molds, jigs and dies to support composite part manufacturers. Stadco can provide concurrent engineering, materials and process research, numerical control programming, fabrication and machining, planning and inspection, and final assembly. Our capabilities include 50+ ton crane capacity, CNC machining up to 65 feet, and one of the largest electron beam weld chambers in North America. One of our loans from Berkshire Bank is secured by a first lien on all personal and real property of Stadco.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. As of the date hereof, we are not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time and attention.

On October 30, 2023, the Company and one of its employees were named as defendants in an action alleging individual claims of discrimination and wage and hour violations, along with representative wage and hour claims brought pursuant to the California Private Attorneys General Act of 2004 (“PAGA”) [Cal. Lab. Code, ss. 2698, et seq.] in California Superior Court for the County of Los Angeles. In the complaint, captioned Ibarra v. Stadco (LASC Case No. 23STCV26591), a former employee of Stadco, sought to recover alleged damages (including backpay from his date of termination and emotional distress), unpaid underpaid wages, penalties, attorney’s fees and costs of suit on his own behalf based on allegations of age and disability discrimination and wage and hour violations. The former employee’s individual claims would have been subject to private arbitration. In addition, the former employee seeks to recover civil penalties under PAGA on behalf of a group of similarly situated aggrieved employees based upon all paychecks issues since July 21, 2022, together with his attorney’s fees and costs of suit, for certain violations of the California Labor Code. For purposes of this action, “aggrieved employees” means all non-exempt employees of Stadco in California since July 21, 2022. The PAGA claim may not be privately arbitrated and any settlement must be approved by the court. Stadco has retained outside legal counsel to defend this action. The parties participated in a mediation on June 26, 2024, and were able to reach a resolution within the Company’s expectations. Final settlement payment on the individual claims was due and paid in August, 2024. No hearing date has been set for approval of the PAGA settlement, which has not been finalized in a long-form agreement at this time.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable to the registrant.

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Item 4A. Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our executive officers.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Name |  | Age |  | Position
Alexander Shen | ​ | 62 |  | Chief Executive Officer
Barbara M. Lilley | ​ | 65 |  | Chief Financial Officer

​

Alexander Shen was appointed Chief Executive Officer of TechPrecision on November 14, 2014 and became a director on our board of directors on September 15, 2022. Since June 2014, Mr. Shen has served as President of our Ranor subsidiary. Mr. Shen has experience in a broad range of industries including metal fabrication, automotive, contract manufacturing, safety and security, and industrial distribution. Prior to joining us, Mr. Shen served in 2013 as President of SIB Development and Consulting, a firm specializing in fixed, monthly cost reduction. Mr. Shen served as President of Tydenbrooks Security Products Group, a security products company, from July 2011 to December 2012. Mr. Shen served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Burgon Tool Steel Company between January 2009 and June 2011 and served as Chief Executive Officer of Ryerson Mexico & Vice President - International for Ryerson, Inc., a multi-national distributor and processor of metals, from 2007 to 2009. Mr. Shen was Division General Manager & Chief Operating Officer at Sumitomo Electric Group from 1998 to 2007, focused on automotive electrical and electronic products. Prior to 1998, he had a 10-year career at the Automotive Division of Alcoa Inc. with roles of increasing responsibility. Mr. Shen began his career with General Motors, moving to Chrysler, before joining Alcoa Inc. His career includes multiple international management roles in Japan, China, Mexico, and Europe, and he is fluent in the Chinese and Japanese languages and cultures. Mr. Shen holds a B.S. in Engineering from Michigan State University.

Barbara Lilley became our Chief Financial Officer in July 2023. Ms. Lilley served as Controller of Ranor, Inc., one of the Company’s operating subsidiaries since June 2016. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Lilley served as Controller of Materials Systems, Inc., a worldwide supplier of a range custom-designed products from acoustic transducers for underwater sonar to industrial ultrasound systems, from 2011 through 2015, and as Accounting Manager at Lewcott Corporation, a specialty chemical and materials technology company, from 2008 to 2011. Ms. Lilley received her Bachelor of Science/Business Administration with an Accounting major from Nichols College.

There are no family relationships among any directors or executive officers.

​

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TPCS”.

As of June 30, 2024, there were 52 holders of record of our outstanding common stock. A substantially greater number of holders of our common stock are “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares of record are held by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.

We were incorporated in 2005 and have never paid dividends on our common stock. Certain covenants in our Loan Agreement with Berkshire Bank prohibit us from paying dividends. We plan to retain future earnings, if any, for use in our business and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans can be found under Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 6. Reserved

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Statement Regarding Forward Looking Disclosure

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including this section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” may contain predictive or “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of current or historical fact contained in this annual report, including statements that express our intentions, plans, objectives, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions or any other statements relating to our future activities or other future events, or conditions are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections made by management about our business, our industry and other conditions affecting our financial condition, results of operations or business prospects. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements due to numerous risks and uncertainties. As discussed below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources”, certain events and conditions, when examined in the aggregate, indicate substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year beyond the date of the financial statements. Factors that could cause such outcomes and results to differ include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties arising from:

| ● | our reliance on individual purchase orders, rather than long-term contracts, to generate revenue;

| ● | our ability to balance the composition of our revenues and effectively control operating expenses;

| ● | external factors that may be outside of our control, including health emergencies, like epidemics or pandemics, the conflicts in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, price inflation, increasing interest rates, and supply-chain inefficiencies;

| ● | the availability of appropriate financing facilities impacting our operations, financial condition and/or liquidity;

| ● | our ability to receive contract awards through competitive bidding processes;

| ● | our ability to maintain standards to enable us to manufacture products to exacting specifications;

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| ● | our ability to enter new markets for our services;

| ● | our reliance on a small number of customers for a significant percentage of our business;

| ● | competitive pressures in the markets we serve;

| ● | changes in the availability or cost of raw materials and energy for our production facilities;

| ● | restrictions on our ability to operate our business due to our outstanding indebtedness;

| ● | government regulations and requirements;

| ● | pricing and business development difficulties;

| ● | changes in government spending on national defense;

| ● | our ability to make acquisitions and successfully integrate those acquisitions with our business;

| ● | our failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

| ● | general industry and market conditions and growth rates;

| ● | unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from the recently terminated Stock Purchase Agreement; and

| ● | those risks discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as those described in any other filings which we make with the SEC.

Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as required by applicable law. Investors should evaluate any statements made by us in light of these important factors.

Recent Developments

Termination of Votaw Acquisition

On November 22, 2023 we and the Seller, entered into the Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which, we would acquire all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Votaw, and after giving effect to such purchase, Votaw was to become our wholly owned subsidiary.

Due to a change in certain conditions and events, it became probable that on March 31, 2024, the Company would be unable to close on the acquisition. On April 2, 2024, the Seller delivered to the Company written notice of its election to terminate the Purchase Agreement under Section 7.01(f) effective immediately. Pursuant to Section 7.01(f) of the Purchase Agreement, in the event that the Closing had not occurred by March 31, 2024, either we or the Seller had the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement, subject to the party terminating having complied with the other required closing conditions.

Since the Seller validly terminated the Purchase Agreement pursuant to Section 7.01(f), the Company was required to pay to the Seller the Stock Termination Fee. Under the Purchase Agreement, the Stock Termination Fee can increase by 48,000 additional shares of the Company’s common stock under certain conditions, including if the Company fails use commercially reasonable efforts to cause a registration statement to effect the resale of the shares of common stock composing the Stock Termination Fee to be declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission as soon as practicable. Such registration was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2024, but cannot be declared effective until we have filed all of the required financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024.

On April 29, 2024, we issued 320,000 shares of our common stock as the Stock Termination Fee.

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Amendments to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note

On March 20, 2024, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Seventh Amendment”. Effective March 20, 2024, the Seventh Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from March 20, 2024 to May 20, 2024; (ii) limited the use of proceeds from the Revolver Loan by the Company or its affiliates to $2,000,000 in the aggregate for due diligence and related professional costs incurred on or prior to May 10, 2024 in connection with any acquisitions; and (iii) makes certain changes to the amount and methods of valuation of equipment securing repayment of the borrowed funds. Through May 20, 2024, Ranor utilized a revolving line of credit with, following certain modifications, a maximum principal amount available of $5.0 million. Advances under the Revolver Loan are subject to a borrowing base equal to the lesser of (a) $5.0 million or (b) the sum of (i) 80% of the net outstanding amount of Base Accounts, plus (ii) the lesser of (x) 25% of Eligible Raw Material Inventory, and (y) $250,000, plus (iii) 80% of the Appraised Value of the Eligible Equipment, as such terms are defined in the Loan Agreement.

On May 28, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into an Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Eighth Amendment”, with Berkshire Bank. Effective May 24, 2024, the Eighth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from May 24, 2024 to August 30, 2024; (ii) amends the maximum principal amount of the Revolver Loan from $5,000,000 to $4,500,000; and (iii) effective on June 1, 2024, increases the Term SOFR Margin (as defined in the Amendment) used to calculate the interest rate from 2.25% per annum to 2.50% per annum.

On September 4, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into a Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Ninth Amendment”, with Berkshire Bank. Effective August 30, 2024, the Ninth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from August 30, 2024 to January 15, 2025.

Read about the Berkshire Bank Loans under the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section below, for a discussion of the amended debt agreement and its impact on the Company’s liquidity and on-going operations.

July Private Placement

On July 3, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “PIPE Agreement”), with certain accredited investors (the “PIPE Purchasers”) pursuant to which we agreed to sell in a private placement (the “July Private Placement”) at an aggregate purchase price of $2,298,045, (i) 666,100 shares of our common stock (the “PIPE Shares”), and (ii) common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to 666,100 shares of our common stock (the “PIPE Warrants”). The combined purchase price for one PIPE Share and one PIPE Warrant was $3.45. The purpose of the July Private Placement was to raise working capital for use by the Company. The closing of the July Private Placement occurred on July 8, 2024 (the “PIPE Closing Date”). Placement agent fees totaled $126,014.

Pursuant to the PIPE Agreement, we have agreed to have a registration statement registering for resale the PIPE Shares and the shares underlying the PIPE Warrants declared effective with 60 days of the PIPE Closing Date. If such registration statement is not declared effective in a timely manner, we will be subject to liquidated damages as described in the PIPE Agreement.

Overview

Through our two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Ranor and Stadco, each of which is a reportable segment, we offer a full range of services required to transform raw materials into precision finished products. Our manufacturing capabilities include fabrication operations (cutting, press and roll forming, assembly, welding, heat treating, blasting, and painting) and machining operations including CNC (computer numerical controlled) horizontal and vertical milling centers. We also provide support services to our manufacturing capabilities: manufacturing engineering (planning, fixture and tooling development, manufacturing), quality control (inspection and testing), materials procurement, production control (scheduling, project management and expediting) and final assembly.

All manufacturing is done in accordance with our written quality assurance program, which meets specific national and international codes, standards, and specifications. The standards used are specific to the customers’ needs, and our manufacturing operations are conducted in accordance with these standards.

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Because our revenues are derived from the sale of goods manufactured pursuant to contracts, and we do not sell from inventory, it is necessary for us to constantly seek new contracts. There may be a time lag between our completion of one contract and commencement of work on another contract. During such periods, we may continue to incur overhead expense but with lower revenue resulting in lower operating margins. Furthermore, changes in either the scope of an existing contract or related delivery schedules may impact the revenue we receive under the contract and the allocation of manpower. Although we provide manufacturing services for large governmental programs, we usually do not work directly for the government or its agencies. Rather, we perform our services for large governmental contractors. Our business is dependent in part on the continuation of governmental programs that require our services and products.

Our contracts are generated both through negotiation with the customer and from bids made pursuant to a request for proposal. Our ability to receive contract awards is dependent upon the contracting party’s perception of such factors as our ability to perform on time, our history of performance, including quality, our financial condition and our ability to price our services competitively. Although some of our contracts contemplate the manufacture of one or a limited number of units, we continue to seek more long-term projects with predictable cost structures.

All the Company’s operations, assets, and customers are located in the U.S.

Reverse Stock Split and Listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market

All information regarding our equity securities has been adjusted on a retrospective basis, to reflect the reverse stock split effected on February 24, 2023, as if it had been effective from the beginning of the earliest period presented, unless otherwise stated. Also, as previously disclosed, on May 5, 2023, the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “TPCS”.

Strategy

We aim to establish our expertise in program and project management and develop and expand a repeatable customer business model in all of our markets. We concentrate our sales and marketing activities on customers under two main industry groups: defense and precision industrial. Our strategy is to leverage our core competence as a manufacturer of high-precision, large-scale metal fabrications and machined components to optimize profitability of our current business and expand with key customers in markets that have shown increasing demand.

Defense

Our Ranor subsidiary performs precision fabrication and machining for the defense and aerospace industries, delivering defense components meeting our customers’ stringent design specifications, as well as quality and safety manufacturing standards specifically for defense component fabrication and machining. Ranor has in recent years delivered critical components in support of, among other projects, the U.S. Navy’s Virginia-class fast attack submarine program and Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine program. In addition, the team at Ranor has successfully developed new, effective approaches to fabrication that continue to be utilized at our facility and at our customer’s own defense component manufacturing facilities. We have endeavored to increase our business development efforts with large prime defense contractors. Based upon these efforts, we believe there are opportunities to secure additional business with existing and new defense contractors who are actively looking to increase outsourced content on certain defense programs over the next several years, especially in connection with the submarine programs. We believe that the military quality certifications Ranor maintains and its ability to offer fabrication and manufacturing services at a single facility position it as an attractive outsourcing partner for prime contractors looking to increase outsourced production.

Our Stadco subsidiary manufactures large flight-critical components on several high-profile commercial and military aircraft programs, including military helicopters. It has been a critical supplier to a blue-chip customer base that includes some of the largest OEMs and prime contractors in the defense and aerospace industries. Stadco also provides tooling, customized molds, fixtures, jigs and dies used in the production of aircraft components and has one of the largest electron beam welding machines set up in the United States, allowing it to weld thick pieces of titanium and other metals.

Sales to defense market customers have generated the largest proportion of our revenues from both of our reportable segments for the last two fiscal years, and we expect sales to defense customers to be our strongest market during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025, or “fiscal 2025”, as well.

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Precision Industrial

The customers within this market are impacted primarily by general economic conditions which may include changes in consumer consumption or demand for commercial construction for infrastructure. We serve several different customers in our precision industrial group. For example, we have built a range of components for customers in the power generation markets and large-scale medical device markets.

The power generation businesses among our energy market customers are impacted by pricing and demand for various forms of energy (e.g., coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear). Our nuclear customers are typically dependent upon the need for new construction, maintenance, and overhaul and repair by nuclear energy providers. Also, changes in regulation may impact demand and supply. As such, we cannot assure that we will be able to develop any significant business from the nuclear industry. However, because we have manufacturing capabilities for producing components for new nuclear power plants and our historic relationships with suppliers in the nuclear power industry, we believe that we are positioned to benefit from any increased demand in the nuclear sector.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires that we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, recovery of long-lived assets, and income taxes. These estimates and assumptions require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. Actual results may differ under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue and Related Cost Recognition

We recognize revenue over time based on the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer, or at a point in time. This transfer will occur over time when the Company’s performance does not create an asset that has an alternative use to the Company, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Otherwise, control to the promised goods or services transfers to customers at a point in time.

The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and provide title to, or grant a security interest in, work-in-process to the customer. In addition, these contracts contain enforceable rights to payment, allowing the Company to recover both its cost and a reasonable margin on performance completed to date. The combination of these factors indicates that the customer controls the asset (and revenue is recognized) as the asset is created or enhanced. The Company measures progress for performance obligations satisfied over time using input methods (e.g., costs incurred, resources consumed, labor hours expended, time elapsed).

Our evaluation of whether revenue should be recognized over time requires significant judgment about whether the asset has an alternative use and whether the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. When any one of these factors is not present, the Company will recognize revenue at the point in time when control over the promised good or service transfers to the customer, i.e., when the customer has accepted the asset and taken physical possession of the product and has legal title, and the Company has a right to payment.

When estimating contract costs, the Company takes into consideration a number of assumptions and estimates regarding risks related to technical requirements and scheduling. Management performs periodic reviews of the contracts to evaluate the underlying risks. Profit margin on any given project could increase if the Company is able to mitigate and retire such risks. Conversely, if the Company is not able to properly manage these risks, cost estimates may increase, resulting in a lower profit margin, or potentially, contract losses.

The cost estimation process requires significant judgment and is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company’s engineers, program managers, and financial professionals. Factors considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability, productivity, and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in performance, the availability and timing of funding from the customer, and the recoverability of any claims included in the estimates to complete. Costs allocable to undelivered units are reported as work in process, a component of inventory, in the consolidated balance sheet. Pre-contract fulfillment costs requiring capitalization are not material.

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Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts consist of labor, overhead, and materials. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Our provision for losses at March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, with approximately 92% and 76% of the totals related to customer projects at our Stadco reportable segment, and the remaining amounts at our Ranor segment.

Long-lived assets

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 360, Property, Plant & Equipment, our property, plant and equipment is tested for impairment when triggering events occur and, if impaired, written-down to fair value based on either discounted cash flows or appraised values. The carrying amount of an asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group.

Income Taxes

We provide for federal and state income taxes currently payable, as well as those deferred because of temporary differences between reporting income and expenses for financial statement purposes versus tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recoverable. The effect of the change in the tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period of the change. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce deferred income taxes to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. If we determine that it is more likely than not that certain future tax benefits may not be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded against deferred tax assets that are unlikely to be realized. Realization of the remaining deferred tax assets will depend on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies and other factors prior to the expiration date of the carryforwards. A change in the estimates used to make this determination could require a reduction in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if they become realizable.

Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Standards

See Note 3, Accounting Standards Update, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, for a discussion of recently adopted new accounting guidance and new accounting guidance not yet adopted.

Results of Operations

Our results of operations are affected by a number of external factors including the availability of raw materials, commodity prices (particularly steel), macroeconomic factors, including the availability of capital that may be needed by our customers, and political, regulatory, and legal conditions in the United States and in foreign markets. Generally, our product mix is made up of short-term contracts with a production timeline of twelve months, more or less. However, contracts for larger complex components can take up to thirty-six months to complete. Units manufactured under most of our customer contracts have historically been delivered on time and with a positive gross margin, with some exceptions. Our results of operations are also affected by our success in booking new contracts, the timing of revenue recognition, delays in customer acceptances of our products, delays in deliveries of ordered products and our rate of progress fulfilling obligations under our contracts. A delay in deliveries or cancellations of orders could have an unfavorable impact on liquidity, cause us to have inventories in excess of our short-term needs, and delay our ability to recognize, or prevent us from recognizing, revenue on contracts in our order backlog.

We evaluate the performance of our segments based upon, among other things, segment net sales and operating profit. Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs, which include executive and director compensation, stock-based compensation, certain pension and other retirement benefit costs, and other corporate facilities and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. Also excluded are items that we consider not representative of ongoing operations, such as the unallocated PPP loan forgiveness and refundable employee retention tax credits.

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Key Performance Indicators

While we prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or “U.S. GAAP”, we also utilize and present certain financial measures that are not based on or included in U.S. GAAP. We refer to these as non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the section titled “EBITDA Non-GAAP Financial Measure” below for further discussion of these financial measures, including the reasons why we use such financial measures and reconciliations of such financial measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures.

Percentages in the following tables and throughout this “Results of Operations” section may reflect rounding adjustments.

Corporate general costs include executive and director compensation, and other corporate administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. Prior period segment data is restated to reflect changes in corporate and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments.

Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table presents net sales, gross profit, and gross margin, consolidated and by reportable segment:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Changes |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percent of | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percent of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | Amount |  | Net sales | ​ | Amount |  | Net sales | ​ | Amount |  | Percent |
Net Sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ranor | ​ | $ | 17,821 | ​ | 56 | % | $ | 19,182 | ​ | 61 | % | $ | (1,361) | ​ | (7) | %
Stadco | ​ | ​ | 14,567 | ​ | 46 | % | ​ | 12,250 | ​ | 39 | % | ​ | 2,317 | ​ | 19 | %
Intersegment elimination | ​ | ​ | (797) | ​ | (2) | % | ​ | — | ​ | — | % | ​ | (797) | ​ | nm | %
Consolidated Net sales | ​ | $ | 31,591 | ​ | 100 | % | $ | 31,432 | ​ | 100 | % | $ | 159 | ​ | 1 | %
Cost of Sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ranor | ​ | $ | 13,273 | ​ | 42 | % | $ | 12,205 | ​ | 39 | % | $ | 1,068 | ​ | 9 | %
Stadco | ​ | ​ | 14,997 | ​ | 47 | % | ​ | 14,323 | ​ | 45 | % | ​ | 674 | ​ | 5 | %
Intersegment elimination | ​ | ​ | (797) | ​ | (2) | % | ​ | — | ​ | — | % | ​ | (797) | ​ | nm | %
Consolidated Cost of sales | ​ | $ | 27,473 | ​ | 87 | % | $ | 26,528 | ​ | 84 | % | $ | 945 | ​ | 4 | %
Gross Profit (Loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ranor | ​ | $ | 4,548 | ​ | 14 | % | $ | 6,977 | ​ | 22 | % | $ | (2,429) | ​ | (35) | %
Stadco | ​ | ​ | (430) | ​ | (1) | % | ​ | (2,073) | ​ | (6) | % | ​ | 1,643 | ​ | 79 | %
Consolidated Gross profit | ​ | $ | 4,118 | ​ | 13 | % | $ | 4,904 | ​ | 16 | % | $ | (786) | ​ | (16) | %

nm - not meaningful

Net Sales

Consolidated - Period-to-period revenue reflects production performance under new and ongoing contracts with changes in net sales due to varying levels of throughput. For the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, 99% of our net sales were in the defense sector, where we have customers in the aerospace, military and shipbuilding industries.

Consolidated net sales were $31.6 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, or 1% higher when compared to consolidated net sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. Net sales decreased by $1.4 million at Ranor but was more than offset by an increase of $2.3 million at Stadco. Both segments logged a different proportionate mix of products for the comparable periods.

Ranor - Net sales were $17.8 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.4 million or 7% lower when compared to the same prior-year period, as fewer labor hours were charged directly to projects. Average selling prices were higher but not enough to offset the lower volume. The defense backlog remains strong as new orders for components related to a variety of programs, including the U.S. Navy submarine programs continue to flow down from our existing base of prime defense contractors. Backlog at Ranor on March 31, 2024 was $21.1 million.

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Stadco - Net sales were $14.6 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 compared with net sales of $12.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, an increase of 19%. We have made incremental improvements with throughput on projects where revenue is recognized over time. Our project mix and sales volume were favorable when compared with the prior fiscal year, as more direct hours were charged to projects. Average selling prices were also higher when compared with the prior fiscal year. The defense backlog remains strong as new orders for components related to a variety of programs, including the U.S. Marine Corps heavy lift helicopter programs, continue to flow down from our existing customer base of prime defense contractors. Stadco’s backlog was $28.9 million as of March 31, 2024.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

Consolidated – Cost of sales consists primarily of raw materials, parts, labor, overhead and subcontracting costs. Our cost of sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, was $27.5 million, or 4% higher compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. Gross profit decreased by $0.8 million, or 16% when compared to the same period a year ago. Gross margin for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was 13.0% compared to 15.6% in fiscal year 2023.

Ranor – Gross profit decreased by $2.4 million or 35% due primarily to lower revenue and under absorbed overhead. Certain supply chain impacts on customer furnished material were also evident during part of the reporting period which led to fewer direct labor hours of input for fiscal 2024. As a result, factory overhead was under-applied to our work-in-progress.

Stadco – Gross profit was negative for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 but our losses decreased by 79% when compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, as our work force utilization has slowly improved over-time as direct labor hours charged to projects has increased year-over-year. Production delays related to equipment down-time were resolved in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and overhead absorption improved when compared to the same period a year ago. Repairs and maintenance expense increased by 12% year-over-year.

Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expenses

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | Changes |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percent of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percent of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Net Sales |  | Amount |  | Net Sales |  | Amount |  | Percent |
Ranor | ​ | $ | 1,477 | ​ | 4 | % | $ | 1,649 | ​ | 5 | % | $ | (172) | ​ | (10) | %
Stadco | ​ | ​ | 1,552 | ​ | 5 | % | ​ | 1,832 | ​ | 6 | % | ​ | (280) | ​ | (15) | %
Corporate and unallocated | ​ | ​ | 5,721 | ​ | 18 | % | ​ | 2,528 | ​ | 8 | % | ​ | 3,193 | ​ | 126 | %
Consolidated SG&A | ​ | $ | 8,750 | ​ | 27 | % | $ | 6,009 | ​ | 19 | % | $ | 2,741 | ​ | 46 | %

​

March 31, 2023 SG&A segment data is revised to reflect current period updates to unallocated corporate administrative expense.

Consolidated - Total selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 increased by $2.7 million or 46% due primarily to outside advisory costs of $1.9 million, a break-up fee for $1.1 million in connection with the terminated Votaw acquisition, and $0.3 million for a claims settlement, partially offset by a $0.6 reduction in compensation at Stadco.

Ranor – The total change for the comparable fiscal years includes reduced spending for outside advisory fees of $128,000, office costs for $29,000, and compensation $15,000. The prior fiscal year period included a one-time fee for services rendered in connection with securing the Employee Retention Tax Credit refund.

Stadco - SG&A expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 decreased by $280,000, primarily the result of reductions in office staff compensation, which was offset in part by an increase for a claims settlement of $278,000.

Corporate and unallocated - SG&A increased by $3.2 million, due primarily to one-time outside advisory and pre-acquisition advisory and legal expenses ($1.9 million) plus a breakup fee ($1.1 million) in connection with the terminated Votaw acquisition.

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Operating (loss) income

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Changes | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Percent of |  | ​ | ​ |  | Percent of | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | Amount | ​ | net sales | ​ | Amount | ​ | net sales | ​ | Amount | ​ | Percent | ​
Ranor | ​ | $ | 3,070 | ​ | 10 | % | $ | 5,328 | ​ | 18 | % | $ | (2,258) | ​ | (42) | %
Stadco |  | ​ | (1,981) | ​ | (6) | % | ​ | (3,905) | ​ | (12) | % | ​ | 1,924 | ​ | 49 | %
Corporate and unallocated |  | ​ | (5,721) | ​ | (18) | % | ​ | (2,528) | ​ | (8) | % | ​ | (3,193) | ​ | (126) | %
Operating loss | ​ | $ | (4,632) | ​ | (14) | % | $ | (1,105) | ​ | (4) | % | $ | (3,527) | ​ | (319) | %

​

Consolidated - As a result of the foregoing, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we reported an operating loss of $4.6 million, which was $3.5 million higher than the operating loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. Operating income at Ranor was not enough to offset operating losses at Stadco plus an increase for corporate outside advisory and pre-acquisition costs.

Ranor – Operating income was lower when compared to the same period a year ago, due primarily to lower revenue and higher cost of sales.

Stadco – Operating losses decreased as certain projects with production issues, including equipment downtime, were resolved early in the fiscal year, with revenue growth and better throughput achieved through the remainder of the period.

Corporate and unallocated – Operating loss reflects the increase in SG&A discussed above due primarily from outside advisory and pre-acquisition due diligence spending ($1.9 million), and a one-time breakup fee ($1.1 million) in connection with the terminated Votaw acquisition.

Other Income (Expense), net

The following table presents other income (expense) for the fiscal years ended March 31:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
Other income (expense), net | ​ | $ | 43,363 | ​ | $ | 40,842 | ​ | $ | 2,521 |  | 6 | %
Interest expense | ​ | $ | (414,268) | ​ | $ | (295,692) | ​ | $ | (118,576) |  | (40) | %
Amortization of debt issue costs | ​ | $ | (106,840) | ​ | $ | (59,916) | ​ | $ | (46,925) |  | (78) | %

​

Interest expense increased under the Revolver Loan (as defined below) by $138,987 when compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, due to higher amounts borrowed and higher interest rates. Interest paid for term loans and other borrowings decreased by $20,411. We expect that future interest expense increases or decreases will likely correlate directly with borrowing levels under the Revolver Loan.

Amortization of debt issue costs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 increased when compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, as new amortization periods commenced for costs incurred to extend the Ranor Term Loan and renew the Revolver Loan.

Other income, net for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 includes a gain of $40,399 from the settlement of an insurance claim related to abandoned fixed assets following a theft at the Stadco plant. Other income, net, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, includes income for the net change in fair value of contingent consideration for $7,126, and other tax rebates for $33,223.

Employee Retention Tax Credit (ERTC)

Other income for fiscal 2023 includes $636,564 for a refundable Employee Retention Tax Credit authorized under the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act for eligible employers with qualified wages.

Income Taxes

For fiscal year 2024, the Company recorded tax expense of $1.9 million, compared with tax expense of $0.2 million in fiscal 2023. The fiscal 2024 provision is the sum of tax expense from an increase in the valuation allowance of $3.1 million, offset in part by a federal and state tax benefit due to higher pretax losses.

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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets at March 31, 2024 was approximately $5.2 million. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state NOL carryforwards and other deferred tax assets will not be realized. The assessment was based on the weight of negative evidence at the balance sheet date, our recent operating losses and unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect future operations and profit levels. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a valuation allowance on these items.

Net Loss

As a result of the foregoing, for fiscal 2024, we recorded a net loss of $7.0 million, or $0.81 per share basic and fully diluted, compared with a net loss of $1.0 million, or $0.11 per share basic and fully diluted in fiscal 2023.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern

Our liquidity is highly dependent on the availability of financing facilities and our ability to maintain gross profit and operating income.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $2.3 million in total available liquidity, consisting of $0.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, and approximately $2.2 million in undrawn capacity under our Revolver Loan. As of March 31, 2023, we had $4.7 million in total available liquidity, consisting of $0.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $4.2 million in undrawn capacity under our Revolver Loan.

There was $2.8 million and $0.7 million outstanding under the Revolver Loan at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company pays interest at an adjusted SOFR-based rate. Interest-only payments on advances made under the Revolver Loan will continue to be payable monthly in arrears. Interest-only payments on advances made under the Revolver Loan during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $171,073 and $33,156, respectively. The weighted average interest rate at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was 7.58% and 5.02%, respectively. Unused borrowing capacity at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was approximately $0.5 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

At March 31, 2024 our working capital was negative $2.9 million because of the reclassification of our long-term debt from noncurrent to current in the consolidated balance sheet. Working capital was $5.6 million at March 31, 2023.

The table below presents selected liquidity and capital measures at the fiscal years ended:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, |  | March 31, |  | Change
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | Amount
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 138 | ​ | $ | 534 | ​ | $ | (396)
Working capital | ​ | $ | (2,904) | ​ | $ | 5,559 | ​ | $ | (8,463)
Total debt | ​ | $ | 7,648 | ​ | $ | 6,113 | ​ | $ | 1,535
Total stockholders’ equity | ​ | $ | 7,803 | ​ | $ | 14,594 | ​ | $ | (6,791)

​

The next table summarizes changes in cash by primary component in the cash flows statements for the fiscal years ended:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, |  | March 31, |  | Change
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | Amount
Operating activities | ​ | $ | 1,305 | ​ | $ | 3,138 | ​ | $ | (1,833)
Investing activities | ​ |  | (3,168) | ​ |  | (2,318) | ​ |  | (850)
Financing activities | ​ |  | 1,467 | ​ |  | (1,337) | ​ |  | 2,804
Net decrease in cash | ​ | $ | (396) | ​ | $ | (517) | ​ | $ | 121

​

Berkshire Bank Loans

On August 25, 2021, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan agreement with Berkshire Bank (as amended to date, the “Loan Agreement”). Under the Loan Agreement, Berkshire Bank will continue to provide the Ranor Term Loan (as defined below) and the revolving line of credit, or the “Revolver Loan”. In addition, Berkshire Bank provided the Stadco Term Loan (as defined below) in the original amount of $4.0 million. The proceeds of the original Ranor Term Loan of $2.85 million were previously used to refinance existing mortgage debt of Ranor. The proceeds of the Revolver Loan are used for working capital and general corporate purposes of the Company. Payments for the original Ranor Term Loan began on January 20, 2017, and until the facility was amended in December 2022, the Company paid monthly installments of $19,260 each, inclusive of interest at a fixed rate of 5.21% per annum.

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In addition, Berkshire Bank provided to Stadco a term loan in the original amount of $4.0 million, or the “Stadco Term Loan”. On August 25, 2021, Stadco borrowed $4.0 million from Berkshire Bank under the Stadco Term Loan. The proceeds of the Stadco Term Loan were used to support the acquisition of Stadco and refinance existing indebtedness of Stadco. Interest on the Stadco Term Loan is due on unpaid balances beginning on August 25, 2021, at a fixed rate per annum equal to the 7-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate plus 2.25%. Since September 25, 2021, and on the 25th day of each month thereafter, Stadco has made and will continue to make monthly payments of principal and interest in the amount of $54,390 each, with all outstanding principal and accrued interest due and payable on August 25, 2028.

On December 23, 2022, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, Fifth Amendment to Promissory Note and First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Amendment”. Effective as of December 20, 2022, the Amendment, among other things (i) extends the maturity date of the loan originally made to Ranor by Berkshire Bank in 2016, or the “Ranor Term Loan”, to December 15, 2027, (ii) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from December 20, 2022 to December 20, 2023, (iii) increases the interest rate on the Ranor Term Loan from 5.21% to 6.05% per annum, (iv) decreases the monthly payment on the Ranor Term Loan from $19,260 to $16,601, (v) replaces LIBOR as an option for the benchmark interest rate for the Revolver Loan with SOFR, (vi) replaces LIBOR-based interest pricing conventions with SOFR-based pricing conventions, including benchmark replacement provisions, and (vii) solely with respect to the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022, lowers the debt service coverage ratio from at least 1.2 to 1.0 to 1.1 to 1.0. Our capital expenditures are limited to $1.5 million annually and contain loan-to-value, and balance sheet leverage covenants.

On December 20, 2023, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Sixth Amendment”.

Effective December 20, 2023, the Sixth Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from December 20, 2023 to March 20, 2024; (ii) limits the use of proceeds from the Revolver Loan by the Company or its affiliates to $1,000,000 in the aggregate for due diligence and related professional costs incurred on or prior to March 20, 2024 in connection with any acquisitions; and (iii) makes certain changes to the amount and methods of valuation of equipment securing repayment of the borrowed funds.

On March 20, 2024, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Seventh Amendment”. Effective March 20, 2024, the Seventh Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from March 20, 2024 to May 20, 2024; (ii) limits the use of proceeds from the Revolver Loan by the Company or its affiliates to $2,000,000 in the aggregate for due diligence and related professional costs incurred on or prior to May 10, 2024 in connection with any acquisitions; and (iii) makes certain changes to the amount and methods of valuation of equipment securing repayment of the borrowed funds.

On May 28, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into an Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note with Berkshire Bank. Effective May 24, 2024, the Eighth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from May 24, 2024 to August 30, 2024; (ii) amends the maximum principal amount of the Revolver Loan from $5,000,000 to $4,500,000; and (iii) effective on June 1, 2024, increases the Term SOFR Margin (as defined in the Amendment) used to calculate the interest rate from 2.25% per annum to 2.50% per annum.

On September 4, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into a Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Ninth Amendment”, with Berkshire Bank. Effective August 30, 2024, the Ninth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from August 30, 2024 to January 15, 2025.

The Ranor Term Loan, the Stadco Term Loan and the Revolver Loan, or collectively, the “Berkshire Loans,” may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default as defined in the Loan Agreement. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of certain default events, at the option of Berkshire Bank, or automatically without notice or any other action upon the occurrence of certain other events specified in the Loan Agreement, the unpaid principal amount outstanding under the facility, together with accrued interest and all other obligations, would become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest, or further notice of any kind.

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As a result of Borrowers’ failure to satisfy the required minimum Debt Service Coverage Ratio for the twelve (12) month period ending March 31, 2024 as set forth in the Loan Agreement, or the “Existing Default”, the borrowers acknowledge that a certain Event of Default has occurred and is continuing under the Loan Agreement. The borrowers further acknowledge that the sixth amendment to the Agreement constitutes written notice pursuant to the Loan Documents of such Existing Default. Regardless of entering into this Agreement or any discussions between Borrowers and Lender, the Lender expressly reserves any and all rights and remedies available to it under the Loan Documents, the Collateral Documents, and under applicable law, including, without limitation, its right to choose to accelerate and demand the outstanding indebtedness evidenced by the Loan Documents and seek immediate repayment in full, and institute the default rate of interest as of the date of the occurrence of the default or at any time thereafter, as a result of any default or event of default, including, without limitation, the Existing Default, that have arisen or may arise. No such discussions or the entering into of this Agreement shall imply any course of conduct or any agreement on the part of Lender to waive any of its rights and remedies or to forbear from taking any action authorized by the Loan Documents, the Collateral Documents, or by applicable law while discussions continue.

At March 31, 2023, the Company was in violation of the Loan Agreement as it exceeded the capital expenditure limit of $1.5 million as defined in the agreement. On June 12, 2023, the Company and Berkshire Bank executed a waiver under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the capital expenditure limit on March 31, 2023. The waiver document also contains an agreement by the parties to exclude from the calculation of capital expenditures for purposes of the Loan Agreement during the year ending March 31, 2024, any such expenditures made by the Company to the extent they are made using funds provided by customers of the Company for the purpose of making such capital expenditures. The Company was otherwise in compliance with all the financial covenants on March 31, 2023.

There was $7.6 million outstanding under the Loan Agreement on March 31, 2024. Without a waiver, the lender has the right, but not the obligation, to demand repayment from the Company for noncompliance with the debt covenants. In addition, the bank retains the right to act on covenant violations that occur after the date of delivery of any waiver. The lender has not granted us a waiver. As such, we need to seek alternative financing to pay these obligations as the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. It is also probable that the Company will not be in compliance with the same debt covenants at subsequent measurement dates within the next twelve months. As a result of the above, all of our long-term debt has been classified as current in our consolidated balance sheet.

The Company is exploring various means of strengthening its liquidity position and ensuring compliance with its debt financing covenants by making Stadco operations profitable, renewing our revolver loan, or entering into alternative debt facilities.

On July 3, 2024, the Company entered into the PIPE Agreement with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell in a private placement at an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.3 million, the PIPE Shares and the PIPE Warrants. The combined purchase price for one PIPE Share and one PIPE Warrant was $3.45. The purpose of the sale of the PIPE Shares and the PIPE Warrants under the PIPE Agreement is to raise working capital for use by the Company. The closing of the offering occurred on July 8, 2024.

In order for us to continue operations beyond the next twelve months from the date of issuance of the financial statements and to be able to discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business, we must renew our revolver loan or seek alternative financing by January 15, 2025. We must mitigate our recurring operating losses at our Stadco subsidiary, efficiently increase utilization of our manufacturing capacity at Stadco and improve the manufacturing process. We plan to closely monitor our expenses and, if required, will reduce operating costs to enhance liquidity.

The uncertainty associated with the recurring operating losses at Stadco, the revolver loan renewal, the need for alternative financing, and compliance with debt covenants at subsequent measurement dates raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one-year after the date the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are issued.

Collateral securing all the above obligations comprises all personal and real property of the Company, including cash, accounts receivable, inventories, equipment, and financial assets.

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Operating activities

Apart from our loan facilities, our primary sources of cash are from accounts receivable collections. Our customers make advance payments and progress payments under the terms of each manufacturing contract. Our cash flows can fluctuate significantly from period to period as we mark progress with customer projects and the composition of our receivables collections mix changes between advance payments and customer payments made after shipment of finished goods.

Cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 2024 was $1.3 million. In addition to customer advances and progress payments, cash provided by operating activities included reimbursements under a certain customer project program. The sum of these customer payments was partially offset by payments for obligations for goods and services that had been acquired on open account from suppliers.

Fiscal 2023 was generally marked by favorable project performance progress and delivery schedules that led to timely customer payments. Cash provided by operating activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 was $3.1 million, as customer cash advances and collections exceeded cash outflows on projects in-progress. Also included in that amount, was $0.6 million for refunds under the employee retention tax credit program, and a $1.0 million reimbursement under a certain customer project program.

Investing activities

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we invested $3.2 million in new factory machinery and equipment, primarily on the construction and installation of equipment for contract project work with a certain customer at our Ranor segment. In fiscal 2023, we invested $2.3 million in new factory machinery and equipment, with $1.4 million of that amount paid for the installation and construction of equipment for contract project work with a certain customer at our Ranor segment.

We are subject to certain financial debt covenants and may not spend more than $1.5 million for new machinery and equipment during any single fiscal year, tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. We estimate our spending on new machinery and equipment in fiscal 2025, which we expect will include expenditures for the installation and construction of equipment for contract project work with a certain customer, will again exceed the spending limitation.

On June 12, 2023, we executed a waiver with the lender under which the lender agreed to waive the Company’s noncompliance with this capital spending limit covenant, as it relates to the period ended March 31, 2023. The waiver also contains an agreement by the parties to exclude from the calculation of capital expenditures for purposes of the Loan Agreement during the year ending March 31, 2024, any such expenditures made by the Company to the extent they are made using funds provided by customers of the Company for the purpose of making such capital expenditures.

Financing activities

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 we drew down $7.2 million of proceeds under the Revolver Loan and repaid $5.0 million during the same period. We also used $0.6 million of cash primarily to pay down debt principal and make periodic lease payments. In fiscal 2023 we drew down $10.9 million of proceeds under the Revolver Loan and repaid $11.5 million during the same period. We also used $0.7 million of cash to pay down debt principal, make periodic lease payments and pay costs in connection with the Ranor Term Loan.

All of the above activity resulted in a net decrease in cash of $0.4 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 compared with a net decrease in cash of $0.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

Commitments and Contractual Obligations

The following contractual obligations associated with our normal business activities are expected to result in cash payments in future periods, and include the following material items on March 31, 2024:

| ● | Our long-term debt obligations, including fixed and variable-rate debt, totaled $7.6 million, and, because of current and probable future debt covenant violations, are classified as current in the consolidated balance sheets.

| ● | We enter into various commitments with suppliers for the purchase of raw materials and work supplies. Our outstanding unconditional contractual commitments, including for the purchase of raw materials and supplies goods, totaled $5.8 million, all of it due to be paid within the next twelve months. These purchase commitments are in the normal course of business.

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| ● | Our lease obligations, including imputed interest, totaled $5.8 million for buildings through 2030, with approximately $0.9 million due annually for each of the next six years.

There are no off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2024.

EBITDA Non-GAAP Financial Measure

To complement our consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows, we use EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure. Net income (loss) is the financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP that is most directly comparable to EBITDA. We believe EBITDA provides our board of directors, management, and investors with a helpful measure for comparing our operating performance with the performance of other companies that have different financing and capital structures or tax rates. We also believe that EBITDA is a measure frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, and is a measure contained in our debt covenants. However, while we consider EBITDA to be an important measure of operating performance, EBITDA and other non-GAAP financial measures have limitations, and investors should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP.

We define EBITDA as net income (loss) plus interest, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Net loss was $7.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to net loss of $1.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2023. EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, was negative for the year ended March 31, 2024, compared to positive $1.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2023. The following table provides a reconciliation of EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure reported in our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, |  | March 31, |  | Change
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | Amount
Net loss | ​ | $ | (7,042) | ​ | $ | (979) | ​ | $ | (6,063)
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 1,932 | ​ | ​ | 196 | ​ | ​ | 1,736
Interest expense (1) | ​ |  | 521 | ​ |  | 356 | ​ |  | 165
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 2,429 | ​ |  | 2,217 | ​ |  | 212
EBITDA | ​ | $ | (2,160) | ​ | $ | 1,790 | ​ | $ | (3,950)

(1) | Includes amortization of debt issue costs.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected not to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

​

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

TechPrecision Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TechPrecision Corporation (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2, the Company has incurred significant losses, is in default on its debt obligations since the Company is out of compliance with its debt covenants and is expected to continue to be out of compliance, its revolving line of credit is due within the year, and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

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Revenue – Percentage of Completion and Contract Estimates

As described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements, for those long-term fixed-price contracts for which control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company measures progress for performance obligations satisfied over time using input methods such as costs incurred, resources consumed, labor hours expended, and/or time elapsed. The estimation of progress toward completion is subject to assumptions and variables and requires significant judgment. Auditing the Company’s estimate of total expected contract costs and effort necessary to completion is especially challenging due to the judgmental and subjective nature of the estimation of costs to complete, including material, labor and subcontracting costs, among others, unique to each revenue arrangement. Revisions in contract estimates can materially affect the Company’s operating results.

We obtained an understanding of and evaluated the Company’s revenue recognition review procedures. To test the estimate of expected contract costs to complete and effort necessary to completion, our audit procedures included, among others, testing significant components of the estimate noted above, assessing the completeness of the cost estimates, reviewing changes in the estimates from previous periods and testing underlying data used by management. Further, our procedures included discussing project status with operations and finance management responsible for managing the contractual arrangements; inspecting evidence to support the assumptions made by management; evaluating the key assumptions utilized in development of the expected contract costs to complete the arrangement; and performing look-back procedures to assess previous estimates as well as performance on similar arrangements. We also reviewed documentation of management’s estimates as well as continued progress on open arrangements through the reporting date for evidence of changes that would affect estimates as of the balance sheet date.

​

Marcum LLP

​

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

September 13, 2024

​

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TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 138,402 | ​ | $ | 534,474
Accounts receivable, net | ​ |  | 2,371,264 | ​ |  | 2,336,481
Contract assets | ​ |  | 8,526,726 | ​ |  | 8,947,811
Raw materials | ​ | ​ | 1,826,765 | ​ | ​ | 1,692,852
Work-in-process | ​ | ​ | 1,422,938 | ​ | ​ | 719,736
Other current assets | ​ |  | 563,688 | ​ |  | 348,983
Total current assets | ​ |  | 14,849,783 | ​ |  | 14,580,337
Property, plant and equipment, net | ​ |  | 14,797,991 | ​ |  | 13,914,024
Right of use asset, net | ​ | ​ | 4,977,665 | ​ | ​ | 5,660,938
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,931,186
Other noncurrent assets | ​ |  | 121,256 | ​ |  | 121,256
Total assets | ​ | $ | 34,746,695 | ​ | $ | 36,207,741
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts payable | ​ | $ | 1,408,356 | ​ | $ | 2,224,320
Accrued expenses | ​ |  | 4,262,486 | ​ |  | 2,533,185
Contract liabilities | ​ |  | 3,787,933 | ​ |  | 2,333,591
Current portion of long-term lease liability | ​ |  | 735,871 | ​ |  | 711,727
Current portion of long-term debt, net | ​ | ​ | 7,558,683 | ​ | ​ | 1,218,162
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 17,753,329 | ​ |  | 9,020,985
Long-term debt, net | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 4,749,139
Long-term lease liability | ​ | ​ | 4,408,103 | ​ | ​ | 5,143,974
Other noncurrent liability | ​ | ​ | 4,782,372 | ​ | ​ | 2,699,492
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | 26,943,804 | ​ | ​ | 21,613,590
Commitments and contingent liabilities (see Note 15) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders’ Equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stock - par value $.0001 per share, shares authorized: March 31, 2024 – 50,000,000; Shares issued and outstanding: March 31, 2024 – 8,777,432; March 31, 2023 – 8,613,408 | ​ |  | 878 | ​ |  | 861
Additional paid in capital | ​ |  | 15,200,624 | ​ |  | 14,949,729
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | ​ |  | (7,398,611) | ​ |  | (356,439)
Total stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 7,802,891 | ​ |  | 14,594,151
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ​ | $ | 34,746,695 | ​ | $ | 36,207,741

​

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

​

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TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Years ended March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net sales | ​ | $ | 31,591,059 | ​ | $ | 31,431,614
Cost of sales | ​ |  | 27,472,883 | ​ |  | 26,527,953
Gross profit | ​ |  | 4,118,176 | ​ |  | 4,903,661
Selling, general and administrative | ​ |  | 8,750,376 | ​ |  | 6,008,881
Loss from operations | ​ | ​ | (4,632,200) | ​ | ​ | (1,105,220)
Other income (expense), net | ​ |  | 43,363 | ​ |  | 40,842
Interest expense | ​ |  | (521,108) | ​ |  | (355,608)
Refundable employee retention tax credits | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 636,564
Total other (expense) income, net | ​ |  | (477,745) | ​ |  | 321,798
Loss before income taxes | ​ |  | (5,109,945) | ​ |  | (783,422)
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | 1,932,227 | ​ | ​ | 195,584
Net loss | ​ | $ | (7,042,172) | ​ | $ | (979,006)
Net loss per share – basic | ​ | $ | (0.81) | ​ | $ | (0.11)
Net loss per share – diluted | ​ | $ | (0.81) | ​ | $ | (0.11)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic | ​ | ​ | 8,717,160 | ​ | ​ | 8,595,992
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted | ​ | ​ | 8,717,160 | ​ | ​ | 8,595,992

​

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

​

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TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Retained | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Common |  | ​ | ​ |  | Additional |  | Earnings |  | Total
​ |  | Stock | ​ | Par |  | Paid in |  | (Accumulated |  | Stockholders’
​ |  | Outstanding |  | Value |  | Capital |  | Deficit) |  | Equity
Balance March 31, 2022 |  | 8,576,862 | ​ | $ | 858 | ​ | $ | 14,640,343 | ​ | $ | 622,567 | ​ | $ | 15,263,768
Stock based compensation | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 109,079 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 109,079
Stock issued for contingent consideration | ​ | 9,127 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 56,309 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 56,310
Stock award non-employee directors | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 143,998 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 144,000
Stock split fractional share round up | ​ | 2,419 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (979,006) | ​ | ​ | (979,006)
Balance March 31, 2023 | ​ | 8,613,408 | ​ | $ | 861 | ​ | $ | 14,949,729 | ​ | $ | (356,439) | ​ | $ | 14,594,151
Stock award non-employee directors | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 177,747 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 177,750
Stock issued for exercised options | ​ | 109,024 | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Tax withheld for exercised options | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (34,013) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (34,013)
Restricted stock awards | ​ | 30,000 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 107,172 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 107,175
Net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (7,042,172) | ​ | ​ | (7,042,172)
Balance March 31, 2024 | ​ | 8,777,432 | ​ | $ | 878 | ​ | $ | 15,200,624 | ​ | $ | (7,398,611) | ​ | $ | 7,802,891

​

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

​

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TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Years Ended March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Net loss | ​ | $ | (7,042,172) | ​ | $ | (979,006)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 2,429,377 | ​ |  | 2,217,472
Amortization of debt issue costs | ​ |  | 106,840 | ​ |  | 59,916
Gain on disposal of equipment | ​ |  | (39,129) | ​ |  | (468)
Stock based compensation and restricted stock awards | ​ |  | 284,925 | ​ |  | 253,079
Change in contract loss provision | ​ |  | 190,370 | ​ |  | (237,318)
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | 1,931,186 | ​ |  | 195,584
Stock based acquisition termination fee | ​ | ​ | 1,116,800 | ​ | ​ | —
Stock based expense for contingent consideration | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 56,310
Change in fair value for contingent consideration | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (63,436)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ |  | (34,783) | ​ |  | 672,768
Contract assets | ​ |  | 421,085 | ​ |  | (597,580)
Work-in-process and raw materials | ​ |  | (837,115) | ​ |  | (177,914)
Other current assets | ​ |  | (214,705) | ​ |  | 1,072,476
Accounts payable | ​ |  | (815,964) | ​ |  | (1,202,601)
Accrued expenses | ​ |  | 388,116 | ​ |  | (1,094,137)
Contract liabilities | ​ |  | 1,454,342 | ​ |  | 568,273
Other noncurrent liabilities | ​ | ​ | 1,965,691 | ​ | ​ | 2,394,420
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ |  | 1,304,864 | ​ |  | 3,137,838
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment | ​ |  | (3,230,237) | ​ |  | (2,325,301)
Proceeds from fixed assets insurance settlement | ​ | ​ | 61,944 | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 7,000
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ | ​ | (3,168,293) | ​ | ​ | (2,318,301)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Proceeds from revolver loan | ​ |  | 7,160,000 | ​ |  | 10,885,150
Repayment of revolver loan | ​ |  | (5,025,000) | ​ |  | (11,522,152)
Debt issuance costs | ​ | ​ | (50,363) | ​ | ​ | (57,723)
Principal payments for leases | ​ | ​ | (17,185) | ​ | ​ | (36,572)
Repayment of long-term debt | ​ |  | (600,095) | ​ | ​ | (605,905)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ​ |  | 1,467,357 | ​ |  | (1,337,202)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | (396,072) | ​ |  | (517,665)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | ​ |  | 534,474 | ​ |  | 1,052,139
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | ​ | $ | 138,402 | ​ | $ | 534,474
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Cash paid during the year for interest (net of interest capitalized) | ​ | $ | 414,268 | ​ | $ | 288,085

​

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION - NONCASH OPERATING, INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS:

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2024

On July 13, 2023, our former CFO exercised an option to purchase 125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to option awards previously granted under the 2016 Plan. The option was exercised as a cashless net settlement transaction and resulted in the delivery of 109,024 shares of common stock on July 13, 2023.

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2023

Stadco entered into a payment arrangement agreement, or the “Payment Agreement”, with the Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles, or the “LADWP”, to settle previously outstanding amounts for water, water service, electric energy and/or electric service in the aggregate amount of $1,770,201 that are delinquent and unpaid. This liability amount was included in accounts payable on the Company’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, and was reclassified as a current liability for $221,272 to accrued expenses and to noncurrent liabilities for $1,548,929 in December 2022.

​

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

TechPrecision Corporation, or “TechPrecision”, is a Delaware corporation organized in February 2005 under the name Lounsberry Holdings II, Inc. On February 24, 2006, we acquired all the issued and outstanding capital stock of our wholly owned subsidiary Ranor, Inc., or “Ranor.” Ranor, together with its predecessors, has been in continuous operation since 1956. The name was changed to TechPrecision Corporation on March 6, 2006.

TechPrecision is the parent company of Ranor, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC, or “WCH”, Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, or “Acquisition Sub”, and Stadco. TechPrecision, Ranor, WCH, Acquisition Sub and Stadco are collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”.

On August 25, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Stadco, pursuant to that certain stock purchase agreement with Acquisition Sub, Stadco Acquisition, LLC, Stadco and each equity holder of Stadco Acquisition, LLC. On the closing date, the Company, through Acquisition Sub, acquired all the issued and outstanding capital stock of Stadco from Stadco Acquisition, LLC in exchange for the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock to Stadco Acquisition, LLC. As a result of the acquisition, Stadco is now our wholly owned indirect subsidiary.

We manufacture large-scale metal fabricated and machined precision components and equipment. These products are used in a variety of markets including defense and aerospace, nuclear, medical, and precision industrial. All our operations and customers are in the United States, or “U.S.”.

​

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TechPrecision, Ranor, Stadco, and Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. On February 23, 2023, the Company effected a one-for-four reverse stock split with respect to the issued and outstanding shares of TechPrecision common stock. All share and per-share amounts included in this Form 10-K are presented as if the stock split had been effective from the beginning of the earliest period presented.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements - In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or “U.S. GAAP”, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, long-lived assets, and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical and current experiences and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Going Concern, Risks and Uncertainties - For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we reported pre-tax losses of $5.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $0.6 million in total available liquidity, consisting of $0.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, and approximately $0.5 million in undrawn capacity under our revolver loan. As of March 31, 2023, we had $4.7 million in total available liquidity, consisting of $0.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $4.2 million in undrawn capacity under our revolver loan.

The Company is the borrower under a Loan Agreement which was amended on March 20, 2024 (as defined below; see Note 11 – Debt). On that date, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Seventh Amendment”. In addition to extending the maturity date of the revolver loan to May 20, 2024, the Seventh Amendment limited the amount of proceeds borrowed to $2.0 million in the aggregate for due diligence and professional costs incurred prior to May 20, 2024 in connection with any potential acquisitions.

On May 28, 2024, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into the Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Eighth Amendment” (see Note 12 – Debt). In addition to extending the maturity date of the revolver loan to August 30, 2024, the Eighth Amendment reduced the maximum principal amount from $5.0 million to $4.5 million and required that an operational assessment be performed, primarily at Stadco, by an

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acceptable third-party consultant. The lender has acknowledged receipt of that operational assessment of Stadco as required pursuant to the Eighth Amendment.

On September 4, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into a Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Ninth Amendment”, with Berkshire Bank. Effective August 30, 2024, the Ninth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from August 30, 2024 to January 15, 2025.

The Company acknowledges that a certain event of default has occurred and is continuing under the Loan Agreement as a result of the Company’s failure to satisfy the Debt Service Coverage Ratio, or DSCR, for the twelve-month period ending March 31, 2024. The lender reserves any and all rights and remedies available to it under the Loan Agreement, including, without limitation, its right to choose to accelerate and demand the outstanding indebtedness evidenced by the loan documents, and to seek immediate repayment in full.

There was $7.6 million in total outstanding under the Loan Agreement on March 31, 2024. Without a waiver, the lender has the right, but not the obligation, to demand repayment from the Company for noncompliance with the debt covenants. In addition, the bank retains the right to act on covenant violations that occur after the date of delivery of any waiver. The lender has not granted us a waiver. As such, we need to seek alternative financing to pay these obligations as the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. It is also probable that the Company will not be in compliance with the same debt covenants at subsequent measurement dates within the next twelve months. As a result of the above, all of our long-term debt has been classified as current in our consolidated balance sheet.

The Company is exploring various means of strengthening its liquidity position and ensuring compliance with its debt financing covenants by making Stadco operations profitable, renewing our revolver loan, or entering into alternative debt facilities.

On July 3, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell in a private placement at an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.3 million, (i) 666,100 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and (ii) common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to 666,100 shares of Common Stock. The combined purchase price for one Share and one Purchaser Warrant was $3.45. The purpose of the Securities sale under the Purchase Agreement is to raise working capital for use by the Company. The closing of the offering occurred on July 8, 2024. (see Note 17 – Subsequent Events). Placement agent’s fees in connection with the offering totaled $126,014.

In order for us to continue operations beyond the next twelve months from the date of issuance of the financial statements and to be able to discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business, we must renew our revolver loan or seek alternative financing by August 30, 2024. We must mitigate our recurring operating losses at our Stadco subsidiary, efficiently increase utilization of our manufacturing capacity at Stadco and improve the manufacturing process. We plan to closely monitor our expenses and, if required, will reduce operating costs to enhance liquidity.

The uncertainty associated with the recurring operating losses at Stadco, the revolver loan renewal, the need for alternative financing, and compliance with debt covenants at subsequent measurement dates raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one-year after the date the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are issued.

We believe our available cash, proceeds from a private placement offering, plus cash expected to be provided by operations and borrowing capacity available under the Revolver Loan (until August 2024 when the Company expects to renew), will be sufficient to fund our operations, expected capital expenditures, and principal and interest payments under our lease and debt obligations through the next 12 months from the issuance date of our financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, were prepared on the basis of a going concern which contemplates that we will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Accordingly, they do not give effect to adjustments that would be necessary should we be required to liquidate assets. Our ability to satisfy our current liabilities and to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company’s compliance with the debt covenants, renewing the revolver loan, and its ability to grow revenue and reduce costs at Stadco. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Cash and cash equivalents - Holdings of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are considered to be cash equivalents. Our deposit and money market accounts are maintained in a large U.S. regional bank.

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Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses - Accounts receivable are comprised of amounts billed and currently due from customers. Accounts receivables are amounts related to any unconditional right the Company has for receiving consideration and are presented as accounts receivables in the consolidated balance sheets. We maintain allowances for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Under the current expected credit loss model, we employ a roll-rate methodology, utilizing historical loss rates and historical trends in credit quality indicators (e.g., delinquency, risk ratings), adjusted to reflect current economic conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. Our normal collection cycle ranges between thirty and forty days. Estimated uncollectible amounts are charged to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances which remain outstanding after reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. Historically, the level of uncollectible accounts has not been significant. An allowance for credit losses of $22,000 was recorded at March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Inventories - Work-in-process and raw materials are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Contract Assets - Contract assets represent the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date when the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. The amount of contract assets recorded in the consolidated balance sheet reflects revenue recognized on contracts less associated advances and progress billings. These amounts are billed in accordance with the agreed-upon contract terms or upon achievement of contract milestones and recorded at net realizable value.

Property, plant and equipment, net - Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are accounted for on the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives. The amortization of leasehold improvements is based on the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the improvement. Betterments and large renewals, which extend the life of the asset, are capitalized whereas maintenance and repairs and small renewals are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful lives are machinery and equipment, 5-15 years; buildings, 30 years; and leasehold improvements, 2-5 years. Upon sale or retirement of machinery and equipment, costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated, and gains or losses are recognized in the statement of operations.

Interest is capitalized for assets that are constructed or otherwise produced for our own use, including assets constructed or produced for us by others for which deposits or progress payments have been made. Interest is capitalized to the date the assets are available and ready for use. When an asset is constructed in stages, interest is capitalized for each stage until it is available and ready for use. We use the interest rate incurred on funds borrowed specifically for the project. The capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset to which it relates and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or “ASC”, 360, Property, Plant & Equipment, our property, plant and equipment is tested for impairment when triggering events occur and, if impaired, written-down to fair value based on either discounted cash flows or appraised values. The carrying amount of an asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group.

Leases - Right-of-use assets for operating leases are measured at the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets for operating leases are subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date. We have one and two finance leases outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 14, Leases, for additional information.

Debt Issuance Costs - Costs incurred in connection with obtaining financing for long-term debt are capitalized and presented as a reduction of the carrying amount of the related debt. Costs incurred in connection with obtaining financing for revolving credit facilities and lines of credit are capitalized and presented as reduction of the carrying amount of the revolver loan. Loan acquisition costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loan.

Contract Liabilities - Contract liabilities are comprised of advance payments, billings in excess of revenues, and deferred revenue amounts. Such advances are not generally considered a significant financing component because they are utilized to pay for contract

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costs within a one-year period. Contract liability amounts are recognized as revenue once control over the underlying performance obligation has transferred to the customer.

Fair Value Measurements - We account for fair value of financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, which defines fair value and establishes a framework to measure fair value and the related disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that could be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, establishes a fair value hierarchy used to prioritize the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is defined into the following three categories: Level 1: Inputs based upon quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date; Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and Level 3: Inputs that are management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instruments’ valuation. In addition, we will measure fair value in an inactive or dislocated market based on facts and circumstances and significant management judgment. We will use inputs based on management estimates or assumptions or adjust observable inputs to determine fair value when markets are not active and relevant observable inputs are not available.

ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, as presented in the balance sheet, approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of short and long-term borrowings approximates their fair value.

Revenue Recognition - The Company accounts for revenue under Accounting Standards Update, or “ASU”, 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), or “ASC 606”, and related amendments. ASC 606 sets forth five steps for revenue recognition: identification of the contract, identification of any separate performance obligations in the contracts, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to separate performance obligations, and revenue recognition when performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company recognizes revenue over time based on the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer. This transfer occurs over time when the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, and our performance does not create an asset that has an alternative use to the Company. Otherwise, control to the promised goods or services transfers to customers at a point in time. Our customers make advance payments and progress payments under the terms of each manufacturing contract.

The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and provide title to, or grant a security interest in, work-in-process to the customer. In addition, these contracts contain enforceable rights to payment, allowing the Company to recover both its cost and a reasonable margin on performance completed to date. The combination of these factors indicates that the customer controls the asset and revenue is recognized as the asset is created or enhanced. The Company measures progress for performance obligations satisfied over time using input methods (e.g., costs incurred, resources consumed, labor hours expended, and time elapsed).

Under arrangements where the customer does not have title to, or a security interest in, the work-in-process, our evaluation of whether revenue should be recognized over time requires significant judgment about whether the asset has an alternative use and whether the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. When one or both of these factors is not present, the Company will recognize revenue at the point in time where control over the promised good or service transfers to the customer, i.e. when the customer has taken physical possession of the product the Company has built for the customer.

The Company and its customers may occasionally enter into contract modifications, including change orders. The Company may account for the modification as a separate contract, the termination of an old contract and creation of a new contract, or as part of the original contract, depending on the nature and pricing of the goods or services included in the modification. In general, contract modifications - as well as other changes in estimates of sales, costs, and profits on a performance obligation - are recognized using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. This method recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes in current and prior periods. A significant change in an estimate on one or more contracts in a period could have a material effect on the consolidated balance sheet or results of operations for that period. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, net cumulative catch-up adjustments were

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not material. No individual adjustment was material to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

If incentives and other contingencies are provided as part of the contract, the Company will include in the initial transaction price the consideration to which it expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using an expected value or most likely amount approach. In the context of variable consideration, the Company limits, or constrains, the transaction price to amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Adjustments to constrain the transaction price may be due to a portion of the transaction price being more than approved funding, a lack of history with the customer, a lack of history with the goods or services being provided, or other items.

Shipping and handling fees and costs incurred in connection with products sold are recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations and are not considered a performance obligation to our customers.

Contract Estimates - In estimating contract costs, the Company takes into consideration a number of assumptions and estimates regarding risks related to technical requirements and scheduling. Management performs periodic reviews of the contracts to evaluate the underlying risks. Profit margin on any given project could increase if the Company is able to mitigate and retire such risks. Conversely, if the Company is not able to properly manage these risks, cost estimates may increase, resulting in a lower profit margin, or potentially, contract losses.

The cost estimation process requires significant judgment and is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company’s engineers, program managers, and financial professionals. Factors considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability, productivity, and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in performance, the availability and timing of funding from the customer, and the recoverability of any claims included in the estimates to complete. Costs allocable to undelivered units are reported as work in process, a component of inventory, in the consolidated balance sheet. Pre-contract fulfillment costs requiring capitalization are not material.

Selling, general and administrative - Selling, general and administrative, or “SG&A”, expenses include items such as executive compensation and benefits, professional fees, business travel and office costs. Advertising costs are nominal and expensed as incurred. Other general and administrative expenses include items for our administrative functions and include costs for items such as office supplies, insurance, legal, accounting, telephone, and other outside services. SG&A consisted of the following for the fiscal years ended March 31:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Salaries and related expenses |  | $ | 2,342,316 |  | $ | 2,823,979
Professional fees | ​ | ​ | 1,721,487 | ​ | ​ | 1,795,904
Other general and administrative | ​ |  | 1,719,615 | ​ |  | 1,388,998
Due diligence advisory and legal fees related to acquisition termination | ​ | ​ | 1,850,158 | ​ | ​ | —
Stock based acquisition termination fee | ​ |  | 1,116,800 | ​ |  | —
Total Selling, general and administrative | ​ | $ | 8,750,376 | ​ | $ | 6,008,881

​

Stock-based Compensation - Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to our board of directors, employees, and consultants. We measure stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognize the cost as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expense amounted to $284,925 and $253,079 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 7 for additional disclosures related to stock-based compensation.

Net Loss per Share of Common Stock - Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss income per common share is calculated using net loss divided by diluted weighted-average shares. Diluted weighted-average shares include weighted-average shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of stock options calculated using the treasury stock method. See Note 6 for additional disclosures related to net loss per share.

Income Taxes - In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to income tax liabilities in selling, general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or “FASB”, issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended subsequently by ASUs 2018-19, 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11 and 2020-03. The guidance in these ASUs requires that credit losses be reported using an expected losses model rather than the incurred losses model that is currently used. The standard also establishes additional disclosures related to credit risks. This standard was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of this ASU on April 1, 2023, did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This standard update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating this update to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The guidance in this update enhances segment reporting by expanding the breadth and frequency of segment disclosures required for public entities and allows registrants to disclose multiple measures of segment profit or loss. This update requires a public entity to disclose its significant segment expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment. A significant segment expense is any significant expense incurred by the segment, including direct expenses, shared expenses, allocated corporate overhead, or interest expense that is regularly reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, and is included in the measure of segment profit or loss. This standard update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating this update to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

​

NOTE 4 – REVENUE

The Company generates revenue primarily from performance obligations completed under contracts with customers in two main market sectors: defense and precision industrial. The period over which the Company performs its obligations can be between three and thirty -six months. The Company invoices and receives related payments based upon performance progress not less frequently than monthly.

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Revenue is recognized over-time or at a point-in-time given the terms and conditions of the related contracts. The Company utilizes an inputs methodology based on estimated labor hours to measure performance progress. This model best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. The Company’s contract portfolio is comprised of fixed-price contracts and provide for product type sales only. The following table presents net sales on a disaggregated basis by market and contract type:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Sales by market |  | Defense |  | Industrial |  | Totals
Year ended March 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 31,405,569 | ​ | $ | 185,490 | ​ | $ | 31,591,059
Year ended March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 30,935,138 | ​ | $ | 496,476 | ​ | $ | 31,431,614

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Sales by contract type |  | Over-time |  | Point-in-time |  | Totals
Year ended March 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 30,412,981 | ​ | $ | 1,178,078 | ​ | $ | 31,591,059
Year ended March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 29,785,799 | ​ | $ | 1,645,815 | ​ | $ | 31,431,614

​

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $50.0 million of remaining performance obligations, of which $41.4 million was less than 50% complete. The Company expects to recognize all its remaining performance obligations as revenue within the next thirty-six months.

We are dependent each year on a small number of customers who generate a significant portion of our business, and these customers change from year to year. The following table sets forth revenues from customers who accounted for more than 10% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended March 31:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |
Customer |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |
Customer A | ​ | $ | 9,050,470 |  | 29 | % | $ | 6,352,394 |  | 20 | %
Customer B | ​ | $ | 3,257,616 |  | 10 | % | $ | * |  | * | %
Customer C | ​ | $ | * |  | * | % | $ | 4,779,592 |  | 15 | %
Customer D | ​ | $ | 3,830,958 | ​ | 12 | % | $ | 3,248,773 | ​ | 10 | %
Customer E | ​ | $ | 3,319,827 | ​ | 10 | % | $ | 5,838,734 | ​ | 19 | %

*Less than 10% of total

In our consolidated balance sheet, contract assets and contract liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract assets consist of the following at:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Progress | ​ | ​ | ​
Contract assets |  | Unbilled |  | Payments |  | Total
March 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 19,254,512 | ​ | $ | (10,727,786) | ​ | $ | 8,526,726
March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 19,485,914 | ​ | $ | (10,538,103) | ​ | $ | 8,947,811

​

In fiscal 2024 and 2023, we recognized revenue of $1.2 million and $1.8 million related to our contract liabilities at April 1, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Contract liabilities consist of the following at:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Contract liabilities |  | Deferred revenue |  | Customer Deposits |  | Total
March 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 2,103,567 | ​ | $ | 1,684,366 | ​ | $ | 3,787,933
March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 1,195,298 | ​ | $ | 1,138,293 | ​ | $ | 2,333,591

​

​

NOTE 5 – INCOME TAXES

We account for income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes. The following table reflects income and loss from continuing operations by location, and the provision for income taxes for the applicable fiscal years ended March 31:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Loss before income taxes | ​ | $ | (5,109,945) | ​ | $ | (783,422)
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 1,932,227 | ​ |  | 195,584
Net loss | ​ | $ | (7,042,172) | ​ | $ | (979,006)

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The components of the income tax provision consist of the following for the fiscal years ended March 31:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Current: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Federal | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
State | ​ |  | 1,041 | ​ |  | —
Total Current | ​ | $ | 1,041 | ​ | $ | —
Deferred: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Federal | ​ | $ | 2,087,627 | ​ | $ | (261,372)
State | ​ |  | (156,441) | ​ |  | 456,956
Total Deferred | ​ | $ | 1,931,186 | ​ | $ | 195,584
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | $ | 1,932,227 | ​ | $ | 195,584

​

Our fiscal 2024 and 2023 taxes were measured at the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21%. A reconciliation between income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the actual tax expense for income taxes reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations follows for fiscal years ended March 31:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
U.S. statutory income tax | ​ | $ | (1,073,088) | ​ | $ | (164,519) | ​
State income tax, net of federal benefit | ​ |  | (164,433) | ​ |  | (151,878) | ​
Nondeductible items related to business combination and dissolved foreign entity | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 65,482 | ​
Change in state NOLs | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 239,622 | ​
Change in valuation allowance | ​ | ​ | 3,141,588 | ​ | ​ | 216,485 | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (20,983) | ​
Other | ​ |  | 28,160 | ​ |  | 11,375 | ​
Income tax expense | ​ | $ | 1,932,227 | ​ | $ | 195,584 | ​
Effective tax rate* | ​ |  | 37.8 | % |  | 25.0 | %

Effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the income tax provision by loss before income taxes.

The following table summarizes the components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities at March 31:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Deferred tax assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Net operating loss carryforward | ​ | $ | 6,302,402 | ​ | $ | 5,839,915
Compensation | ​ |  | 142,232 | ​ |  | 213,308
Stock based compensation awards | ​ | ​ | 7,525 | ​ | ​ | 242,579
Operating leases | ​ | ​ | 1,195,891 | ​ | ​ | —
Other items not currently deductible | ​ |  | 536,664 | ​ |  | 126,792
Total deferred tax assets | ​ |  | 8,184,714 | ​ |  | 6,422,594
Valuation allowance | ​ | ​ | (5,311,680) | ​ | ​ | (2,170,094)
Net deferred tax assets | ​ |  | 2,873,034 | ​ |  | 4,252,500
Deferred tax liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation | ​ | ​ | (1,562,744) | ​ | ​ | (1,971,644)
Operating leases | ​ | ​ | (1,157,079) | ​ | ​ | —
Contract accounting methods | ​ | ​ | (153,211) | ​ | ​ | (349,670)
Total deferred tax liabilities | ​ |  | (2,873,034) | ​ |  | (2,321,314)
Deferred taxes, net | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,931,186

​

At December 31, 2023, the Company identified a need to increase the tax valuation allowance based on cumulative operating losses in recent years. Following an evaluation, we determined, however, that the required adjustments, recorded in the fourth quarter, were not material for the period ended December 31, 2023.

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We have determined that it is more likely than not that certain future tax benefits may not be

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realized. The assessment was based on the weight of negative evidence at the balance sheet date, our recent operating losses and unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect future operations and profit levels. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been recorded against deferred tax assets that are unlikely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets will depend on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdictions, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies and other factors prior to the expiration date of the carryforwards. A change in the estimates used to make this determination could require an increase or a reduction the valuation allowance currently recorded against those deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets was approximately $5.3 million at March 31, 2024. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain NOL carryforwards and other deferred tax assets will not be realized.

At March 31, 2024 we had federal net operating losses of $19.3 million which begin to expire in 2026. The Internal Revenue Code provides for a limitation on the annual use of net operating loss carryforwards following certain ownership changes that could limit our ability to utilize these carryforwards on a yearly basis. Also, U.S. tax laws may limit the time during which these loss carryforwards may be applied against future taxes. As such, certain pre-2021 Stadco net operating loss carryforwards available for TechPrecision’s consolidated tax group may be limited. Our remaining pre-2021 net operating losses total approximately $9.9 million.

We have not accrued any penalties with respect to uncertain tax positions. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various U.S. state jurisdictions. Tax years 2021 and forward remain open for examination.

​

NOTE 6 – CAPITAL STOCK and EARNINGS PER SHARE

Reverse Stock Split

On February 23, 2023, the Company effected a one-for-four reverse stock split of its common stock, which was effective for trading purposes as of the commencement of trading on February 24, 2023. The reverse stock split was approved by the Company’s stockholders on September 14, 2022, at the Company’s regular annual meeting of stockholders, with authorization to determine the final ratio having been granted to the Company’s Board of Directors.

All share and per-share amounts have been affected retroactively for all years presented in our financial statements and notes thereto.

The reverse stock split was primarily intended to prepare for the potential listing of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company simultaneously affected a reduction in the number of authorized shares of common stock from 90,000,000 to 50,000,000.

Common Stock

We had 50,000,000 authorized shares of common stock at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were 8,777,432 and 8,613,408 shares of common stock outstanding at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Preferred Stock

We have 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock and our board of directors has broad power to create one or more series of preferred stock and to designate the rights, preferences, privileges, and limitations of the holders of such series. There were no shares of preferred stock outstanding at March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Earnings per Share

All earnings per share amounts included in this annual report on Form 10-K are presented as if the one-for-four reverse stock split had been effective April 1, 2022. Basic EPS is computed by dividing reported earnings available to stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted EPS also includes the effect of stock options that would be dilutive. The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators reflected in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations, as required under FASB ASC 260.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, |  | March 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
Basic EPS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss | ​ | $ | (7,042,172) | ​ | $ | (979,006)
Weighted average shares | ​ |  | 8,717,160 | ​ | ​ | 8,595,992
Net loss per share | ​ | $ | (0.81) | ​ | $ | (0.11)
Diluted EPS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss | ​ | $ | (7,042,172) | ​ | $ | (979,006)
Dilutive effect of stock options | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | —
Weighted average shares | ​ |  | 8,717,160 | ​ | ​ | 8,595,992
Net loss per share | ​ | $ | (0.81) | ​ | $ | (0.11)

​

​

All potential common stock equivalents that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS due to net loss for both periods. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, there were potential anti-dilutive stock options and warrants of 542,500 and 25,000, and 680,000 and 25,000, respectively, none of which were included in the EPS calculations above.

​

NOTE 7 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Our board of directors, upon the recommendation of the compensation committee of our board of directors, approved the 2016 TechPrecision Equity Incentive Plan, or the “2016 Plan”, on November 10, 2016. Our stockholders approved the 2016 Plan at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders on December 8, 2016. The 2016 Plan succeeds the 2006 Plan (as defined below) and applies to awards granted after the 2016 Plan’s adoption by the Company’s stockholders. We have designed the 2016 Plan to reflect our commitment to having best practices in both compensation and corporate governance. Following the February 2023 reverse stock split, the 2016 Plan now provides for a share reserve of 1,250,000 shares of common stock.

The 2016 Plan authorizes the award of incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted and unrestricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance awards to employees, directors, consultants, and other individuals who provide services to TechPrecision or its affiliates. The purpose of the 2016 Plan is to enable TechPrecision and its affiliated companies to recruit and retain highly qualified employees, directors, and consultants; and to provide those employees, directors, and consultants with an incentive for productivity, and an opportunity to share in the growth and value of the Company. Subject to adjustment as provided in the 2016 Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued with respect to awards under the 2016 Plan is 1,250,000 shares (inclusive of awards issued under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, or the “2006 Plan”, that remained outstanding as of the effective date of the 2016 Plan). Shares of our common stock subject to awards that expire unexercised or are otherwise forfeited shall again be available for awards under the 2016 Plan.

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The fair value of the options we grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the closing stock prices at the grant date and the weighted average assumptions specific to the underlying options. Expected volatility assumptions are based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The average dividend yield over the historical period for which volatility was computed is zero. The risk-free interest rate was selected based upon yields of five-year U.S. Treasury issues. We used the simplified method for all grants to estimate the expected life of the option. We assume that stock options will be exercised evenly over the period from vesting until the awards expire. We account for award forfeitures as they occur. As such, the assumed period for each vesting tranche is computed separately and then averaged together to determine the expected term for the award. On March 31, 2024, there were 257,500 shares available for grant under the 2016 Plan. The following table summarizes information about options granted during the two most recently completed fiscal years:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | Aggregate | ​ | Remaining
​ | ​ | Number Of | ​ | Average | ​ | Intrinsic | ​ | Contractual Life
​ |  | Options |  | Exercise Price |  | Value |  | (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2022 |  | 667,500 | ​ | $ | 1.37 | ​ | $ | 3,597,700 | ​ | 4.66
Canceled | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | —
Outstanding at March 31, 2023 | ​ | 667,500 | ​ | $ | 1.37 | ​ | $ | 3,804,625 | ​ | 3.70
Exercised | ​ | (125,000) | ​ | $ | 0.68 | ​ | $ | 846,250 | ​ | —
Outstanding at March 31, 2024 | ​ | 542,500 | ​ | $ | 1.53 | ​ | $ | 1,128,825 | ​ | 2.93
Vested or expected to vest at March 31, 2024 |  | 542,500 | ​ | $ | 1.53 | ​ | $ | 1,128,825 | ​ | 2.93
Exercisable and vested at March 31, 2024 |  | 542,500 | ​ | $ | 1.53 | ​ | $ | 1,128,825 | ​ | 2.93

​

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price and the exercise price multiplied by the number of in-the-money options on the measurement date) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on March 31, 2024 and 2023. This amount changes based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock. At March 31, 2024, there was no remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options. The maximum contractual term is ten years for option grants. Other information relating to stock options outstanding at March 31, 2024 is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Average |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ |  | Remaining |  | Weighted | ​ | ​ |  | Weighted
​ | ​ | Options |  | Contractual | ​ | Average | ​ | Options | ​ | Average
Range of Exercise Prices: |  | Outstanding |  | Term |  | Exercise Price |  | Exercisable |  | Exercise Price
$0.01-$0.99 |  | 192,500 | ​ | 1.36 | ​ | $ | 0.32 | ​ | 192,500 | ​ | $ | 0.32
$2.00-$2.99 |  | 350,000 | ​ | 3.16 | ​ | $ | 2.19 | ​ | 350,000 | ​ | $ | 2.19
Totals |  | 542,500 |  | ​ | ​ |  |  |  | 542,500 | ​ |  |

​

Common Stock Awards

On September 15, 2022, we granted each non-employee director 6,250 shares of common stock for a total of 25,000 shares of common stock in the aggregate, of fully vested stock awards under the Plan in recognition of such directors’ service and in lieu of the annual grant to purchase Company common stock previously approved by the Board as annual director compensation. The fair value of the award was $144,000 based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

On January 2, 2024, we granted 15,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the 2016 Plan to the Company’s former CFO in connection with his consulting services agreement, which shares were fully vested on the grant date. The stock-based compensation expense of $79,500 was measured at fair value on the date of grant.

Restricted Stock Awards

Our board authorizes the issuance of restricted stock as service-based awards measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. The shares of restricted stock fully vested and ceased to be subject to forfeiture one year from the grant date. Each grantee is required to have been serving as a director on the vesting date and must have been continuously serving in such capacity from the grant date through the vesting date for the shares of restricted stock to vest. Prior to the vesting date, the grantee is not permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, assign or otherwise encumber the

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shares of restricted stock and if the grantee’s service with the Company has terminated prior to the vesting date, subject to certain exceptions, the grantee’s restricted stock is to have been forfeited automatically.

On August 3, 2023 the Company issued 15,000 shares of restricted common stock to the Company’s new CFO. Under the terms of the employment agreement, provided employment with the Company continues from the grant date through the applicable vesting dates, 5,000 shares of the restricted stock will vest on each of the first, second, and third anniversaries of the effective employment date of July 17, 2023. Fair value of $110,700 was measured on the date of grant based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. Stock-based compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the vesting period. Total recognized compensation cost related to this award for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was $27,675. On March 31, 2024, there was $83,025 of remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to this award which is expected to be recognized over the next three years.

On October 11, 2023, we granted a total of 25,000 shares of restricted common stock under the 2016 Plan to the board of directors. The stock-based compensation expense of $177,750 was measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock.

Total recognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $284,925 and $109,079, respectively.

NOTE 8 - CONCENTRATION OF RISK

We maintain bank account balances, which, at times, may exceed insured limits. We have not experienced any losses with these accounts and believe that we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash.

In the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, one supplier accounted for 20% and 34%, respectively, of our purchased material.

On March 31, 2024, there were trade accounts receivable balances outstanding from two customers comprising 58% of the total trade receivables balance. The following table sets forth information as to trade accounts receivable from customers who accounted for more than 10% of our accounts receivable balance as of:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, 2024 | ​ | March 31, 2023 |
Customer |  | Dollars |  | Percent |  | Dollars |  | Percent |
A | ​ | $ | 940,279 | ​ | 40 | % | $ | 730,514 | ​ | 31 | %
B | ​ | $ | * | ​ | * | % | $ | 260,177 | ​ | 11 | %
C | ​ | $ | 423,198 | ​ | 18 | % | $ | * | ​ | * | %
D | ​ | $ | * | ​ | * | % | $ | 265,755 | ​ | 11 | %

*less than 10% of total

​

NOTE 9 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other current assets included the following as of: |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Prepaid insurance | ​ | $ | 336,578 | ​ | $ | 162,075
Prepaid subscriptions | ​ |  | 119,983 | ​ |  | 120,570
Prepaid taxes | ​ |  | 27,266 | ​ | ​ | 9,616
Supplier advances | ​ | ​ | 26,142 | ​ | ​ | —
Deposits | ​ | ​ | 19,800 | ​ | ​ | 21,706
Employee advances | ​ |  | 16,978 | ​ |  | 4,561
Prepaid advisory fees, other | ​ |  | 16,941 | ​ |  | 30,455
Total | ​ | $ | 563,688 | ​ | $ | 348,983

​

​

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NOTE 10 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following as of: |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Land | ​ | $ | 110,113 | ​ | $ | 110,113
Building and improvements | ​ |  | 3,293,986 | ​ |  | 3,293,986
Machinery equipment, furniture, and fixtures | ​ |  | 25,590,644 | ​ |  | 23,018,713
Construction-in-progress | ​ |  | 148,606 | ​ |  | 149,576
Total property, plant, and equipment | ​ |  | 29,143,349 | ​ |  | 26,572,388
Less: accumulated depreciation | ​ |  | (14,345,358) | ​ |  | (12,658,364)
Total property, plant and equipment, net | ​ | $ | 14,797,991 | ​ | $ | 13,914,024

​

​

In fiscal 2024 and 2023, we recorded depreciation expense of $1,746,103 and $1,557,910, respectively, in our cost of goods sold. We also recorded machinery and equipment disposals with a book value of $22,815. We also received $61,944 of proceeds from an insurance settlement related to certain fixed asset disposals abandoned by theft at our Stadco plant.

We capitalize interest on borrowings during active construction period for major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets. Capitalized interest for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $18,642 and $14,297, respectively.

In September 2023, the Company signed an agreement to make additional equipment upgrades for a certain customer. We recognize new purchases as a fixed asset and billings for reimbursement from the customer as a contra-asset. Future depreciation of the asset will be offset directly by the amortization of the contra-asset on a net basis in the statement of operations. The amortization period will match the schedule of depreciation set forth under the fixed asset ledger.

​

NOTE 11 - ACCRUED EXPENSES

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accrued expenses included the following as of: |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Accrued compensation | ​ | $ | 1,172,262 | ​ | $ | 1,257,245
Provision for claims | ​ | ​ | 516,972 | ​ | ​ | 256,227
Provision for contract losses | ​ |  | 293,324 | ​ |  | 102,954
Accrued professional fees | ​ |  | 458,636 | ​ |  | 241,195
Accrued project costs | ​ |  | 560,428 | ​ |  | 440,550
Accrued breakup fee | ​ | ​ | 1,116,800 | ​ | ​ | —
Other | ​ |  | 144,064 | ​ |  | 235,014
Total | ​ | $ | 4,262,486 | ​ | $ | 2,533,185

​

Accrued compensation includes amounts for executive bonuses, payroll and vacation and holiday pay. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in the provision are recorded in cost of sales. Accrued project costs are estimates for certain project expenses during the reporting period.

Due to a change in certain conditions and events, it became probable that on March 31, 2024, the Company would not be able to close on the acquisition of Votaw Technologies (see Note 17 - Subsequent Events), pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement. As such, the Company accrued $1.1 million on March 31, 2024, for the stock termination fee as set forth under the terms and conditions of the agreement.

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NOTE 12 – DEBT

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Long-term debt included the following as of: |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Stadco Term Loan, at 3.79% interest, due August 2028 | ​ | $ | 2,647,275 | ​ | $ | 3,186,495
Ranor Term Loan, at 6.05% interest, due December 2027 | ​ | ​ | 2,215,643 | ​ | ​ | 2,276,518
Ranor Revolver Loan, at 7.69% interest, due August 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2,785,000 | ​ | ​ | 650,000
Total debt | ​ | $ | 7,647,918 | ​ | $ | 6,113,013
Less: debt issue costs unamortized | ​ | $ | 89,235 | ​ | $ | 145,712
Total debt, net | ​ | $ | 7,558,683 | ​ | $ | 5,967,301
Less: Current portion of long-term debt | ​ | $ | 7,558,683 | ​ | $ | 1,218,162
Total long-term debt, net | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,749,139

​

Amended and Restated Loan Agreement

On August 25, 2021, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan agreement with Berkshire Bank, or the “Loan Agreement”. Under the Loan Agreement, Berkshire Bank will continue to provide the Ranor Term Loan (as defined below) and the revolving line of credit, or the Revolver Loan. In addition, Berkshire Bank provided the Stadco Term Loan (as defined below) in the original amount of $4.0 million. The proceeds of the original Ranor Term Loan of $2.85 million were previously used to refinance existing mortgage debt of Ranor. The proceeds of the Revolver Loan are used for working capital and general corporate purposes of the Company. The proceeds of the Stadco Term Loan were to be used to support the acquisition of Stadco and refinance existing indebtedness of Stadco.

Stadco Term Loan

On August 25, 2021, Stadco borrowed $4.0 million from Berkshire Bank, or the “Stadco Term Loan”. Interest on the Stadco Term Loan is due on unpaid balances at a fixed rate per annum equal to the 7-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate plus 2.25%. Since September 25, 2021 and on the 25th day of each month thereafter, Stadco had made and will make monthly payments of principal and interest in the amount of $54,390 each, with all outstanding principal and accrued interest due and payable on August 25, 2028. Interest shall be calculated based on actual days elapsed and a 360-day year.

The Company shall pay a late charge in the amount of 5% of each payment due under the Stadco Term Loan (other than the balloon payment due at maturity) which is more than ten days in arrears. In addition, from and after the date on which the Stadco Term Loan becomes due, or at Berkshire Bank’s option, could become due and payable (whether accelerated or not), at maturity, upon default or otherwise, interest shall accrue and shall be immediately due and payable at the default rate equal to 5% per annum greater than the interest rate otherwise in effect, but in no event higher than the maximum interest rate permitted by law.

Unamortized debt issue costs on March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $30,007 and $44,482, respectively.

Ranor Term Loan and Revolver Loan

A term loan was made to Ranor by Berkshire Bank in 2016 in the amount of $2.85 million, or the “Ranor Term Loan”. Payments began on January 20, 2017, and were made in monthly installments of $19,260 each, inclusive of interest at a fixed rate of 5.21% per annum, with all outstanding principal and accrued interest due and payable on the original maturity date, December 20, 2021.

Since December 20, 2021, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into four separate amendments to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and First Amendment to Promissory Note to extend the maturity date of the Ranor Term Loan from December 20, 2021 to December 15, 2022.

On December 23, 2022, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, Fifth Amendment to Promissory Note and First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Amendment”. Effective as of December 20, 2022, the Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Ranor Term Loan to December 15, 2027, (ii) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from December 20, 2022 to December 20, 2023, (iii) increases the interest rate on the Ranor Term Loan from 5.21% to 6.05% per annum, (iv) decreases the monthly payment on the Ranor Term Loan from $19,260 to $16,601, (v) replaces LIBOR as an option for the benchmark interest rate for the Revolver Loan with SOFR, (vi) replaces LIBOR-based interest pricing conventions with SOFR-based pricing conventions, including benchmark replacement provisions, and (vii) solely with respect to the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022, lowers the debt service coverage ratio from at least 1.2 to 1.0 to 1.1 to 1.0.

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On December 20, 2023, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Sixth Amendment”.

Effective December 20, 2023, the Sixth Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from December 20, 2023 to March 20, 2024; (ii) limited the use of proceeds from the Revolver Loan by the Company or its affiliates to $1,000,000 in the aggregate for due diligence and related professional costs incurred on or prior to March 20, 2024 in connection with any acquisitions; and (iii) makes certain changes to the amount and methods of valuation of equipment securing repayment of the borrowed funds.

On March 20, 2024, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Seventh Amendment”. Effective March 20, 2024, the Seventh Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from March 20, 2024 to May 20, 2024; (ii) limited the use of proceeds from the Revolver Loan by the Company or its affiliates to $2,000,000 in the aggregate for due diligence and related professional costs incurred on or prior to May 10, 2024 in connection with any acquisitions; and (iii) makes certain changes to the amount and methods of valuation of equipment securing repayment of the borrowed funds. Through May 20, 2024, Ranor utilized a revolving line of credit with, following certain modifications, a maximum principal amount available of $5.0 million. Advances under the Revolver Loan are subject to a borrowing base equal to the lesser of (a) $5.0 million or (b) the sum of (i)80% of the net outstanding amount of Base Accounts, plus (ii) the lesser of (x) 25% of Eligible Raw Material Inventory, and (y) $250,000, plus (iii) 80% of the Appraised Value of the Eligible Equipment, as such terms are defined in the Loan Agreement.

The Company agrees to pay to Berkshire Bank, as consideration for Berkshire Bank’s agreement to make the Revolver Loan available, a nonrefundable Revolver Loan fee equal to 0.25% per annum (computed based on a year of 360 days and actual days elapsed) on the difference between the amount of: (a) $5.0 million, and (b) the average daily outstanding balance of the Revolver Loan during the quarterly period then ended. All Revolver Loan fees are payable quarterly in arrears on the first day of each January, April, July and October and on the Revolver Maturity Date, or upon acceleration of the Revolver Loan, if earlier. Interest-only payments on advances made under the Revolver Loan will continue to be payable monthly in arrears. Under the amended promissory note for the Revolver Loan, the Company pays interest at the Term SOFR-based rate.

On May 28, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into an Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note with Berkshire Bank. Effective May 24, 2024, the Eighth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from May 24, 2024 to August 30, 2024; (ii) amends the maximum principal amount of the Revolver Loan from $5,000,000 to $4,500,000; and (iii) effective on June 1, 2024, increases the Term SOFR Margin (as defined in the Amendment) used to calculate the interest rate from 2.25% per annum to 2.50% per annum.

On September 4, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into a Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Ninth Amendment”, with Berkshire Bank. Effective August 30, 2024, the Ninth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from August 30, 2024 to January 15, 2025.

Interest payments made under the Revolver Loan for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $171,073 and $33,156, respectively. The weighted average interest rate at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was 7.60% and 5.02%, respectively. There was $2.8 million outstanding under the Revolver Loan at March 31, 2024. Unused borrowing capacity at March 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $0.5 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

Unamortized debt issue costs at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 were $59,228 and $101,230, respectively.

Berkshire Loan Covenants

For purposes of this discussion, Ranor and Stadco are referred to together as the “Borrowers”. The Ranor Term Loan, the Stadco Term Loan and the Revolver Loan, or together, the “Berkshire Loans”, may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default as defined in the Berkshire Loan Agreement. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of certain default events, at the option of Berkshire Bank, or automatically without notice or any other action upon the occurrence of certain other events specified in the loan agreement, the unpaid principal amount of the Loans and the Notes together with accrued interest and all other obligations owing by the Borrowers to Berkshire Bank would become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest, or further notice of any kind.

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The Company agreed to maintain compliance with certain financial covenants under the Loan Agreement. Namely, The Borrowers agree to maintain the ratio of the Cash Flow of TechPrecision to the Total Debt Service of TechPrecision of not less than 1.20 to 1.00, (except for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, in which case such ratio of Cash Flow to Total Debt Service was not to be less than 1.10 to 1.00), measured quarterly on the last day of each fiscal quarter-annual period of TechPrecision on a trailing 12-month basis, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending as of September 30, 2021. Calculations will be based on the audited (year-end) and unaudited (quarterly) consolidated financial statements of TechPrecision. Quarterly tests will be measured based on the financial statements included in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q within 60 days of the end of each quarter, and annual tests will be measured based on the financial statements included in the Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K within 120 days after the end of each fiscal annual period. Cash Flow means an amount, without duplication, equal to the sum of net income of TechPrecision plus (i) interest expense, plus (ii) taxes, plus (iii) depreciation and amortization, plus (iv) stock based compensation expense taken by TechPrecision, plus (v) non-cash losses and charges and one time or non-recurring expenses at Berkshire Bank’s discretion, less (vi) the amount of cash distributions, if any, made to shareholders or owners of TechPrecision, less (vii) cash taxes paid by the TechPrecision, all as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. “Total Debt Service” means an amount, without duplication, equal to the sum of (i) all amounts of cash interest paid on liabilities, obligations and reserves of TechPrecision paid by TechPrecision, (ii) all amounts paid by TechPrecision in connection with current maturities of long-term debt and preferred dividends, and (iii) all payments on account of capitalized leases, all as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The Borrowers agree to cause their Balance Sheet Leverage to be less than or equal 2.50 to 1.00. Compliance with the foregoing shall be tested quarterly, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter of the Borrowers, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021. “Balance Sheet Leverage” means, at any date of determination, the ratio of Borrowers’ (a) Total Liabilities, less Subordinated Debt, to (b) Net Worth, plus Subordinated Debt.

The Borrowers agree that their combined annual capital expenditures shall not exceed $1.5 million. Compliance shall be tested annually, commencing with the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022.

The Borrowers agree to maintain a Loan-to-Value Ratio of not greater than 0.75 to 1.00. “Loan-to-Value Ratio” means the ratio of (a) the sum of the outstanding balance of the Ranor Term Loan and the Stadco Term Loan, to (b) the fair market value of the property pledged as collateral for the loan, as determined by an appraisal obtained from time to time by Berkshire Bank, but not more frequently than one time during each 365 day period (provided that Berkshire Bank may obtain an appraisal at any time after either the Ranor Term Loan or the Stadco Term Loan has been accelerated), which appraisals shall be at the expense of the Borrowers.

The Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants at March 31, 2023, except for the combined capital expenditures limit, as it exceeded the capital expenditure limit of $1.5 million as defined in the agreement. On June 12, 2023, the Company and Berkshire Bank executed a waiver under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the capital expenditure limit on March 31, 2023. The waiver document also contains an agreement by the parties to exclude from the calculation of capital expenditures for purposes of the Loan Agreement during the year ending March 31, 2024 any such expenditures made by the Company to the extent they are made using funds provided by customers of the Company for the purpose of making such capital expenditures. For the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, approximately $2.6 million of capital expenditures were excluded from the calculation.

Collateral securing all the above obligations comprises all personal and real property of the Company, including cash, accounts receivable, inventories, equipment, and financial assets. The Company’s short-term and long-term debt is all privately held with no public market for this debt and is considered to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of short and long-term borrowings approximates their fair value.

​

NOTE 13 - OTHER NONCURRENT LIABILITY

Under an addendum to a contract purchase order, one of our customers agreed to reimburse the Company for the cost of certain new equipment. Payments are received as the Company’s incurs construction costs. We received the first payment in January 2022, with additional payments received during fiscal 2023 and 2024. In case of a contract breach, at the time of the breach, the customer may claw back the funds based on a prorated ten-year straight-line annual declining balance recovery period. This liability amount was included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a noncurrent liability as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 for $3.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Stadco entered into the Payment Agreement with the LADWP to settle previously outstanding amounts for water, water service, electric energy and/or electric service in the aggregate amount of $1,770,201 that were delinquent and unpaid. Under the Payment Agreement, Stadco will make monthly installment payments on the unpaid balance beginning on December 15, 2022, in an aggregate amount of

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$18,439 per month until the earlier of November 15, 2030, or the amount due is paid in full. Late payments under the Payment Agreement accrue a late payment charge equal to an 18% annual rate on the unpaid balance. This liability amount was included in the Company’s balance sheet as a current and noncurrent liability as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 for $0.2 million and $1.3 million, and $0.2 million, and $1.5 million, respectively.

NOTE 14 – LEASES

On August 25, 2021, Stadco became party to an amended building and property operating lease and recorded a right of use asset and liability of $6.6 million. Monthly base rent for the property is $82,998 per month. The term of the lease will expire on June 30, 2030, and the lessee has no right of renewal beyond the expiration date. The lease contains customary default provisions allowing the landlord to terminate the lease if the lessee fails to remedy a breach of its obligations under the lease within the period specified in the lease, or upon certain events of bankruptcy or seizure or attachment of the lessee’s assets or interest in the lease. The lease also contains other customary provisions for real property leases of this type.

The following table lists our right-of-use assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets at:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Finance lease: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Right of use asset – operating lease | ​ | $ | 6,629,396 | ​ | $ | 6,629,396
Right of use asset – finance leases | ​ | ​ | 65,016 | ​ |  | 65,016
Amortization | ​ | ​ | (1,716,747) | ​ | ​ | (1,033,474)
Right of use asset, net | ​ | $ | 4,977,665 | ​ | $ | 5,660,938
Lease liability – operating lease | ​ | $ | 5,124,823 | ​ | $ | 5,819,365
Lease liability – finance leases | ​ | ​ | 19,151 | ​ | ​ | 36,336
Total lease liability | ​ | $ | 5,143,974 | ​ | $ | 5,855,701

​

Other supplemental information regarding our leases is contained in the following tables:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Components of lease expense for the year ended: |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Operating lease amortization | ​ | $ | 668,058 | ​ | $ | 638,732
Finance lease amortization | ​ | $ | 15,215 | ​ | $ | 20,829
Finance lease interest | ​ | $ | 834 | ​ | $ | 1,536

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average lease term and discount rate at: |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |
Lease term (years) – operating lease |  | 6.25 | ​ | 7.25 | ​
Lease term (years) – finance lease | ​ | 2.00 | ​ | 0.75 | ​
Lease rate – operating lease | ​ | 4.5 | % | 4.5 | %
Lease rate – finance lease |  | 3.2 | % | 4.5 | %

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year ended: |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Cash used in operating activities | ​ | $ | 938,801 | ​ | $ | 851,806
Cash used in financing activities | ​ | $ | 17,185 | ​ | $ | 36,572

​

Maturities of lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 for the next five years and thereafter:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
2025 |  | $ | 948,701
2026 | ​ |  | 948,701
2027 | ​ |  | 938,801
2028 | ​ |  | 938,801
2029 | ​ |  | 938,801
Thereafter | ​ |  | 1,095,270
Total lease payments | ​ | $ | 5,809,075
Less: imputed interest | ​ |  | 665,101
Total | ​ | $ | 5,143,974

​

​

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NOTE 15 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Employment Agreements

We have employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Such agreements provide for minimum salary levels, adjusted annually, and incentive bonuses that are payable if specified company goals are attained. The aggregate commitment at March 31, 2024 for future executive salaries was approximately $0.6 million. The aggregate commitment at March 31, 2024 was approximately $1.0 million for accrued payroll, vacation and holiday pay for the remainder of our employees.

Purchase Commitments

As of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $5.8 million in purchase obligations outstanding, which primarily consisted of contractual commitments to purchase new materials and supplies.

Retirement Benefits

Ranor has a defined contribution and savings plan that covers substantially all Ranor employees who have completed 90 days of service. Ranor retains the option to match employee contributions. The Company contributed $86,026 and $84,889 for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Legal Proceeding

On October 30, 2023, a former employee filed suit against Stadco asserting individual wage and hour claims, claims for age and disability discrimination under California law, and a collective action on behalf of all non-exempt Stadco employees pursuant to the California Private Attorneys General Act of 2004 (“PAGA”) [Cal. Lab. Code, ss. 2698, et seq.], to impose civil penalties for certain violations of the California Labor Code. Stadco has retained outside legal counsel to defend this action. The case has been stayed and was resolved in principle at mediation on June 26, 2024. The PAGA settlement must be approved at a court hearing at a future date that has not been determined. The former employee’s individual claims were also resolved at mediation, and final settlement payment on the individual claims was due and paid in August, 2024.

​

NOTE 16 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two wholly owned subsidiaries, Ranor and Stadco that are each reportable segments. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. All the Company’s operations, assets, and customers are located in the U.S.

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Each reportable segment focuses on the manufacture and assembly of specific components, primarily for defense, aerospace and other industrial customers. However, both segments have separate operating, engineering, and sales teams. The Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, evaluates the performance of our segments based upon, among other things, segment net sales and operating profit. Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs. Corporate costs include executive and director compensation, stock-based compensation, and other corporate and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. The segment operating profit metric is what the CODM uses in evaluating our results of operations and the financial measure that provides insight into our overall performance and financial position. The following table provides summarized financial information for our segments:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Ranor | ​ | $ | 17,820,542 | ​ | $ | 19,181,539
Stadco | ​ |  | 14,567,287 | ​ |  | 12,250,075
Eliminate intersegment revenue | ​ |  | (796,770) | ​ |  | —
Net sales from external customers | ​ | $ | 31,591,059 | ​ | $ | 31,431,614
Ranor operating income | ​ |  | 3,070,440 | ​ |  | 5,328,186
Stadco operating loss | ​ |  | (1,981,316) | ​ |  | (3,905,324)
Corporate and unallocated (1) | ​ | ​ | (5,721,324) | ​ | ​ | (2,528,082)
Operating loss | ​ | $ | (4,632,200) | ​ | $ | (1,105,220)
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | (521,108) | ​ |  | (355,608)
Refundable employee retention tax credits | ​ |  | -- | ​ |  | 636,564
Other income | ​ |  | 43,363 | ​ |  | 40,842
Consolidated loss before income taxes | ​ | $ | (5,109,945) | ​ | $ | (783,422)
Assets | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Ranor | ​ |  | 11,972,805 | ​ |  | 11,350,905
Stadco | ​ |  | 22,420,276 | ​ |  | 23,817,425
Corporate and unallocated | ​ |  | 353,614 | ​ |  | 1,039,411
Totals | ​ | $ | 34,746,695 | ​ | $ | 36,207,741
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Ranor | ​ |  | 700,499 | ​ |  | 523,683
Stadco | ​ |  | 1,728,878 | ​ |  | 1,693,789
Totals | ​ | $ | 2,429,377 | ​ | $ | 2,217,472
Capital expenditures | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Ranor | ​ |  | 3,197,668 | ​ |  | 1,599,966
Stadco | ​ |  | 32,569 | ​ |  | 725,335
Totals | ​ | $ | 3,230,237 | ​ | $ | 2,325,301

(1) Corporate general costs include executive and director compensation, and other corporate administrative expenses not allocated to the segments.

Prior period segment data is restated to reflect changes in corporate and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments.

NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Termination of the Votaw Acquisition

On November 22, 2023 we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Doerfer Corporation (the “Seller”), pursuant to which, we would acquire all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Votaw Precision Technologies, Inc. (“Votaw”), and after giving effect to such purchase, Votaw was to become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

Due to a change in certain conditions and events, it became probable that on March 31, 2024, the Company would be unable to close on the acquisition, and we accrued $1.1 million for a termination fee (see Note 11, Accrued Expenses). On April 2, 2024, the Seller delivered to us written notice of its election to terminate the Purchase Agreement under Section 7.01(f) effective immediately. Pursuant to Section 7.01(f) of the Purchase Agreement, in the event that the Closing (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) had not occurred by the Outside Date (March 31, 2024, as defined in the Purchase Agreement) either the Company or the Seller had the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement, subject to the party terminating having complied with the other required closing conditions.

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Since the Seller validly terminated the Purchase Agreement pursuant to Section 7.01(f) therein, the Company was required to pay to the Seller a termination fee, as the Seller’s exclusive remedy, consisting of 320,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued into the name of the Seller (the “Stock Termination Fee”) (see Note 11, Accrued Expenses). The Purchase Agreement includes a provision that the Stock Termination Fee is increased by 48,000 additional shares of the Company’s common stock under certain circumstances, including if the Company fails to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause a registration statement to effect the resale of the shares composing the Stock Termination Fee to become effective as soon as practicable.

On April 29, 2024, we issued 320,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as the Stock Termination Fee.On May 2, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1, related to the offer and resale by the Seller of up to 320,000 shares of our common stock that were issued to the Seller as the Stock Termination Fee, which cannot be declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission until we have filed all of the required financial statements, including our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024,

Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Promissory Note

On May 28, 2024, the Company entered into an Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note with Berkshire Bank. Effective May 24, 2024, among other things extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from May 24, 2024 to August 30, 2024.

On September 4, 2024, Ranor and the other Borrowers entered into a Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Ninth Amendment”, with Berkshire Bank. Effective August 30, 2024, the Ninth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from August 30, 2024 to January 15, 2025. (see Note 12 - Debt).

Private Placement of Common Stock and Warrants

On July 3, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, or the “Purchase Agreement”, with certain accredited investors, or the “Purchasers”, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell in a private placement at an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.3 million (see Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies).

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and includes controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described below.

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Management’s Responsibility for Internal Controls

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and effected by our board of directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Inherent Limitations Over Internal Controls

Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods is subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management’s Report of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, based on the 2013 framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Based on that assessment, management concluded that, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of March 31, 2024, due to the material weaknesses described below.

Material Weaknesses

We identified three material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for this Annual Report on Form 10-K, management identified the following material weaknesses:

| 1) | Purchase accounting - we did not maintain proper controls, processes and procedures over the initial purchase accounting and the fair value accounting associated with our acquisition of Stadco in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 that were adequately designed, documented, and executed to support the accurate and timely reporting of our financial results regarding the initial purchase accounting and the fair value accounting associated with the Stadco acquisition.

| 2) | Tax accounting - in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2024 we did not maintain a sufficient complement of tax accounting personnel necessary to perform management review controls related to activities for extracting information to determine the valuation allowance at Stadco on a timely basis. These conditions led to certain omissions in the assessment of the valuation allowance during the third and fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. Because of this material weakness in fiscal 2023, we made a late or post-closing adjustment to our valuation allowance while preparing the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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| 3) | Stadco accounting - we did not maintain a sufficient complement of resources and expertise on the Stadco accounting staff necessary to consistently perform management review controls over financial information and complete account reconciliations on a timely basis, to ensure all transactions are accurately captured and recorded prior to closing the books. The demand on our accounting resources is significant due to the manual nature of controls necessary to maintain effective control over Stadco’s legacy system. As a result of this material weakness, we made several post-closing adjustments for percentage-of-completion (POC) revenue projects. The adjustment corrected inputs for project revenues and costs in progress at Stadco, as the initial and correcting journal entries were not reconciled and posted in a timely manner during the year end reporting cycle. Because of the foregoing reasons, extra time was required to complete certain items with respect to the financial statement preparation, closing and review process for the year ended March 31, 2024.

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses, management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Remediation of the Material Weaknesses

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we reviewed our entity level controls, staffing requirements and the cost/benefit for remediating our material weaknesses.

In fiscal 2024, our management, with the oversight of our audit committee, executed a plan to take measures to begin remediating the underlying causes of the material weaknesses through the development and implementation of a thorough review of our procedures, policies, processes, and review controls to gain additional assurance regarding the remediation our tax accounting, acquisition accounting procedures, and accounting closing cycle time at Stadco:

| 1) | Purchase accounting - The Company enhanced its working framework with a memorandum that depicts a clear, explicit roadmap for the purchase accounting guidance at every step. We will follow that roadmap and will implement new controls in fiscal 2025. We engaged a third-party specialist in July 2023 with the requisite knowledge to perform all required valuations and accounting for business combinations. That specialist worked with the Company on all the pre-acquisition activities, or due diligence, in connection with the Votaw acquisition. The third-party specialist was hired primarily to assure that certain accounting issues that arose in the Stadco acquisition would not re-occur with the purchase accounting for the acquisition of Votaw.

| 2) | Tax accounting - Management’s plan required that it utilize a tax specialist with the requisite knowledge and resources to perform the required basic and detailed tax calculations so that all the parties can make a timely assessment of the Company’s tax provision. The Company engaged a new tax specialist in July 2023, and that tax specialist now prepares our interim and annual tax provisions. We will implement new controls in fiscal 2025 to ensure a timely quarterly review of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation allowance requirements as we facilitate remediation of the material weakness.

| 3) | Stadco accounting - For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we reviewed our entity level controls, staffing requirements and the cost/benefit for upgrading our legacy systems and accounting staff at Stadco. As a result of this review, we are transitioning accounting function to the office of the Chief Financial Officer in Massachusetts, where expert and experienced personnel are in-place to execute a plan to 1) improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the accounting operation, ensuring a timely closing cycle, 2) improve the reliability of financial reporting, and 3) continued compliance with generally accepted accounting principles and applicable laws and regulations. We began to implement these measures during fiscal 2024 and we will monitor progress during fiscal 2025 as we facilitate remediation of the material weakness.

Management believes that the above actions continue the process of remediation for the material weakness as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated, however, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We can provide no assurance as to when the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed to provide for an effective control environment.

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We have identified and will continue to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting. We are committed to continually improving our internal control process and will diligently review our financial reporting controls and procedures. As we continue to evaluate and work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may decide that additional measures are necessary to address control deficiencies.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for our remediation efforts described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection.

Not Applicable.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

a) | Directors of the Registrant.

Information about our board of directors is provided below. Messrs. Crisafulli, Levy, McGowan and Schenker currently serve on our board of directors. There are no family relationships between or among any director or executive officer of the Company.

Name |  | Age |  | Position
Richard S. McGowan(1)(2) | ​ | 70 | ​ | Chair of the Board
Robert A. Crisafulli(1)(2)(3) | ​ | 70 | ​ | Director
Andrew A. Levy(2)(3) | ​ | 77 | ​ | Director
Walter M. Schenker(1)(3) | ​ | 77 | ​ | Director
Alexander Shen | ​ | 62 | ​ | Director; Chief Executive Officer

(l) Member of the Audit Committee.

(2) Member of the Compensation Committee.

(3) Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

Richard S. McGowan has been a member of our board of directors since December 2016 and serves as the Chair of the board of directors. Mr. McGowan’s principal occupation since 2008 has been private investor. From June 2014 until July 2016, Mr. McGowan served on the board of directors of Cleveland Biolabs, Inc., a publicly traded biopharmaceutical company focused on the immune system, serving as chair of its board from April 2015 to July 2016, chair of its compensation committee from 2014 until 2016, and on its audit and nominating and governance committees from 2015 until 2016. From 1995 to 2009, Mr. McGowan served as Of Counsel to Weitz & Luxenberg, P.C., a national law firm from 2000 to 2008, Mr. McGowan was a partner and President of SFB Holdings, a private investment company that sought to purchase and tum around sub-producing micro-cap companies. Mr. McGowan holds a B.A. in History from the State University of New York at Stony Brook and a J.D. from Boston University School of Law.

Mr. McGowan s extensive investment experience, and in particular his focus on growing the business of microcap companies, is an asset as we look to execute on our strategies to grow our business.

Robert A. Crisafulli has been a member of our board of directors since December 2016. Since December 2007, Mr. Crisafulli has served as Executive Vice President, Tax, at Aircastle Limited, a privately held international aircraft leasing company. From January 2007 to December 2007, Mr. Crisafulli served as Vice President of Finance, Tax and Treasurer of InfoNXX, Inc., a privately held international telecommunications company. From 2005 to 2006, Mr. Crisafulli served as Vice President of Tax of PanAmSat, a publicly traded international telecommunications company. From 2001 to 2005, Mr. Crisafulli served as Managing Director of Bridge East Capital, an international private equity and financial advisory firm. From 1999 to 2000, Mr. Crisafulli served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer of Mosler Inc., a physical and electronic security firm. From 1998 to 1999, Mr. Crisafulli was Partner - Mergers and Acquisitions Practice at KPMG LLP. Mr. Crisafulli is a certified public accountant and holds a B.B.A. in accounting from Adelphi University and an M.B.A. in Taxation from St. John’s University.

Mr. Crisafulli’s significant background in the areas of tax and finance, including with public companies, and his experience as a certified public accountant, enables him to provide our board of directors with additional insight into finance and accounting matters.

Andrew A. Levy has been a member of our board of directors since March 2009. Since 1978, Mr. Levy has served as Chief Executive Officer of Redstone Capital, an investment banking firm. Mr. Levy was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Esco Marine, Inc., a ship-recycling company, in April 2014, to reorganize the company. Esco Marine, Inc. filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U. S. Bankruptcy Code in March 2015, which proceedings were dismissed in April 2018. Mr. Levy has been a director of Esco from January 2004 to present. Esco Marine, Inc. is not a company with securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act or required to file reports under Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Levy holds a B.S. in Engineering from Yale University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School.

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Mr. Levy combines an engineering background that enables him to understand the operational aspects of our business with an investment banking background, which qualifies him to engage in assessments of our financial health and the execution of our growth strategies.

Walter M. Schenker has been a member of our board of directors since December 2016. Since June 2010, Mr. Schenker has served as General Partner and Portfolio Manager at MAZ Capital Advisors, an investment partnership, where his responsibilities include, among things, managing the firm’s portfolio of investments. From 1999 to 2010, Mr. Schenker was a Principal at Titan Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment adviser and hedge fund. On April 4, 2019, Mr. Schenker became a director of Andina Acquisition Corporation III, a Nasdaq-listed blank check company. Mr. Schenker previously served on the board of directors and audit committee of Sevcon, Inc., a Nasdaq-listed global supplier of control and power solutions for zero-emission, electric and hybrid vehicles, from 2013 until that company’s acquisition in September 2017. Mr. Schenker holds a B.S. from Cornell University and an M.B.A. in Finance from Columbia University.

Mr. Schenker’s previous experience serving on the board of directors of a publicly traded company and his vast experience investing in both public and private companies enables him to provide our board of directors with insight into how to best manage the Company and execute our growth strategy.

Alexander Shen was appointed Chief Executive Officer of TechPrecision on November 14, 2014 and became a director on our board of directors on September 15, 2022. Since June 2014, Mr. Shen has served as President of our Ranor subsidiary, and he also served as president of our WCMC subsidiary. Mr. Shen has experience in a broad range of industries including metal fabrication, automotive, contract manufacturing, safety and security, and industrial distribution. Prior to joining us, Mr. Shen served in 2013 as President of SIB Development and Consulting, a firm specializing in fixed, monthly cost reduction. Mr. Shen served as President of Tydenbrooks Security Products Group, a security products company, from July 2011 to December 2012. Mr. Shen served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Burgon Tool Steel Company between January 2009 and June 2011 and served as Chief Executive Officer of Ryerson Mexico & Vice President — International for Ryerson, Inc., a multi-national distributor and processor of metals, from 2007 to 2009. Mr. Shen was Division General Manager & Chief Operating Officer at Sumitomo Electric Group from 1998 to 2007, focused on automotive electrical and electronic products. Prior to 1998, he had a 10-year career at the Automotive Division of Alcoa Inc. with roles of increasing responsibility. Mr. Shen began his career with General Motors, moving to Chrysler, before joining Alcoa Inc. His career includes multiple international management roles in Japan, China, Mexico, and Europe, and he is fluent in the Chinese and Japanese languages and cultures. Mr. Shen holds a B.S. in Engineering from Michigan State University.

Mr. Shen’s long experience in manufacturing and his current role as Chief Executive Officer of the Company led to the board’s decision that he should serve on the board of directors.

b) | Executive Officers of the Registrant.

Information with respect to executive officers of the Company is set forth under “Item 4A Executive Officers of the Registrant” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

c) | Identification of the Audit Committee.

The members of the Audit Committee are Mr. Crisafulli (Chair), Mr. McGowan and Mr. Schenker. Our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Crisafulli, McGowan and Schenker each satisfy the independence standards for the Audit Committee established by the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq. The primary purpose of the Audit Committee is to oversee the quality and integrity of our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audit of our financial statements. The Audit Committee is responsible for selecting, compensating, overseeing and terminating our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee charter is posted and can be viewed in the “Corporate Governance” section of our website at www.techprecision.com.

d) | Audit Committee Financial Expert.

Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Crisafulli, who is the Chair of the Audit Committee, is an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC.

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e) | Shareholder Nomination Process.

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our board of directors.

f) | Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers.

The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for the principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer of the Company, which may be found on the Company’s website at www.techprecision.com. Any amendments to the Code of Ethics or any grant of a waiver from the provisions of the Code of Ethics requiring disclosure under applicable SEC rules will be disclosed on the Company’s website.

Board Diversity

The matrix below as required by Nasdaq rules sets forth the self-identified gender identity and demographic diversity attributes of each of our directors, and the brief biographical description of the directors set forth above under the heading “— Directors/Nominees” includes the primary individual experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills of each of our directors that led to the conclusion that each director should serve as a member of our board of directors at this time.

Board Diversity Matrix (as of August 1, 2024)

​ | ​ | ​
Total Number of Directors |  | 5

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Female |  | Male
Part I: Gender Identity |  |  |  |
Directors |  | — |  | 5
Part II: Demographic Background |  |  |  |
White |  | — |  | 4
Asian |  | — |  | 1

​

​

Item 11. Executive Compensation

On February 23, 2023, the Company effected a 4-for-1 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock. As a result of the reverse split, each four pre-split shares of Common Stock outstanding automatically combined into one new share of Common Stock. Share amounts and prices disclosed in this annual report have been restated, as required, to reflect the reverse stock split as if it had occurred on April 1, 2022.

Summary Compensation Table

The Company has determined that it only had three executive officers during the course of the 2024 fiscal year, based on relevant SEC rules. Accordingly, set forth below is information for the fiscal years indicated relating to the compensation of (i) Alexander Shen, our principal executive officer, who also serves as the President of Ranor, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, (ii) Thomas Sammons, our most highly compensated executive officer other than the principal executive officer who was serving as a chief financial officer until his retirement effective July 14, 2023, and (iii) Barbara Lilley, who served as our chief financial officer effective July 17, 2023. Together, such individuals are referred to as our Named Executive Officers.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Fiscal |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Option |  | Stock |  | All Other |  | ​ | ​
Name and Position(3) | ​ | Year | ​ | Salary | ​ | Bonus | ​ | Awards(1) | ​ | Awards(2) | ​ | Compensation | ​ | Total($)
Alexander Shen, |  | 2023 | ​ | $ | 301,154 | ​ | $ | 500 |  | ​ | — |  | ​ | — | ​ | $ | 3,086 | ​ | $ | 304,740
Chief Executive Officer |  | 2024 | ​ | $ | 294,231 | ​ | $ | 500 |  | ​ | — |  | ​ | — | ​ | $ | 3,263 | ​ | $ | 297,994
Thomas Sammons, |  | 2023 | ​ | $ | 235,904 | ​ | $ | 500 |  | ​ | — |  | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | $ | 236,404
Chief Financial Officer(4) |  | 2024 | ​ | $ | 121,191 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 108,149 | ​ | $ | 79,500 | ​ | $ | 71,184 | ​ | $ | 380,024
Barbara Lilley, |  | 2023 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Chief Financial Officer |  | 2024 | ​ | $ | 138,462 | ​ | $ | 500 |  | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | $ | 138,962

(1) | There were no option awards granted during fiscal 2024

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(2) | Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock awards computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718. On January 2, 2024, the Company granted 15,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the 2016 Plan to Thomas Sammons, the Company’s former CFO in connection with his consulting services agreement, which shares were fully vested on the grant date. The stock award for $79,500 represents the fair value on the date of grant.

(3) | On July 17, 2023, Barbara Lilley signed an employment agreement to serve as CFO following Thomas Sammons retirement from the Company, effective July 14, 2023.

(4) | All other compensation for Mr. Sammons included compensation under his consulting agreement.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Option Awards
​ |  | Number of |  | Number of |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Securities | ​ | Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Underlying | ​ | Underlying | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Unexercised | ​ | Unexercised | ​ | Option | ​ | Option
​ | ​ | Options (#) | ​ | Options (#) | ​ | Exercise | ​ | Expiration
Name | ​ | Exercisable | ​ | Unexercisable | ​ | Price | ​ | Date
Alexander Shen(1) |  | 192,500 |  | — | ​ | $ | 0.32 | ​ | August 11, 2025
Alexander Shen(2) |  | 250,000 |  | — | ​ | $ | 2.00 | ​ | December 26, 2026

(1) | Subject to Mr. Shen’s continuous employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date, options granted to Mr. Shen on August 12, 2015 vested in three equal annual installments with the first installment vesting on the grant date and the remaining installments vesting on each of the first and second anniversary of the grant date.

(2) | Two-thirds of the options granted to Mr. Shen on December 27, 2016 were vested on the grant date. Subject to Mr. Shen’s continuous employment with the Company through the vesting date, the remaining 83,334 options vested on the first anniversary of the grant date.

(3) | On July 13, 2023, Thomas Sammons exercised an option to purchase 125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to option awards previously granted. The option was exercised as a cashless net settlement transaction and resulted in the delivery of 109,024 shares of common stock. Following this exercise, Mr. Sammons has no outstanding equity awards.

Employment Agreements

As of March 31, 2024, we had employment agreements with each of our Named Executive Officers.

Alexander Shen Employment Agreement

We executed an employment agreement with Mr. Shen on November 17, 2014 (the “CEO Employment Agreement”) to engage Mr. Shen for the position of Chief Executive Officer. The terms of the CEO Employment Agreement provide that Mr. Shen will report directly to our board of directors and others at the direction of the board at such time and in such detail as the board shall reasonably require and his duties and responsibilities shall consist of such powers, duties and responsibilities as are customary for the office of Chief Executive Officer of a company similar in size and stature to the Company.

Pursuant to the CEO Employment Agreement, Mr. Shen receives an annual base salary of $300,000, increased by the board of directors from $275,000, which may be increased from time to time by the board of directors, and was awarded a one-time grant of options to purchase 250,000 shares of our Common Stock, which vested in three equal amounts on the date of grant and each of the subsequent two anniversaries of the date of grant. The exercise price of the options is equal to the closing market price as of the grant date. Mr. Shen is also eligible for an annual cash performance bonus based upon our financial performance as determined by our board of directors and targeted at up to 75% of Mr. Shen’s annual base salary, which target was increased by the board of directors from 60%. Mr. Shen is entitled to participate fully in our employee benefit plans and programs and is entitled to four weeks of vacation per year. Mr. Shen will also be reimbursed for reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred by him in the performance of his duties and responsibilities as Chief Executive Officer. Under the terms of the CEO Employment Agreement, and in connection with his relocation to Westminster, Massachusetts, Mr. Shen was also entitled to assistance with temporary living arrangements and a relocation allowance of $35,000 at the time of his relocation.

Pursuant to the terms of the CEO Employment Agreement and subject to Mr. Shen’s execution of a release of claims in favor of the Company, in the event we terminate Mr. Shen’s employment without “cause” (as defined below) or Mr. Shen resigns his employment for “good reason” (as defined below) at any time during the six-month period following a change in control, he will be entitled to receive

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continuation of his base salary for twelve months following termination of his employment, payable under the Company’s normal payroll practices. We may terminate the CEO Employment Agreement for cause upon seven days written notice, during which period Mr. Shen may contest his termination before our board of directors.

In general, “cause” is defined as: (i) Mr. Shen’s refusal to perform material duties and responsibilities or follow legal and reasonable directive of the board of directors, (ii) the willful misappropriation of Company funds or property, (iii) any willful or intentional act which he should have reasonably anticipated would reasonably be expected to materially damage the Company’s reputation, business and/or relationships, (iv) excessive use of alcohol or use of illegal drugs, or (v) any material breach of the CEO Employment Agreement. Mr. Shen is also subject to a covenant not to compete with us for a period of 12 months following termination of the CEO Employment Agreement. In general, “good reason” is defined as: (A) a material adverse change in the duties, responsibilities or effective authority associated with his position, or (B) a material reduction by the Company of Mr. Shen’s base salary, each after Mr. Shen has given the Company written notice and the Company has failed to cure such act within 30 days following receipt of such notice.

In addition to the compensation and severance arrangements described above, the CEO Employment Agreement contains customary provisions (i) prohibiting Mr. Shen from divulging to third parties or using confidential information or trade secrets of the Company; (ii) confirming that all intellectual work products generated by Mr. Shen during the term of his employment with the Company are the sole property of the Company; and (iii) prohibiting Mr. Shen from competing against the Company, including by soliciting the Company’s employees or its current or prospective clients, until the one year anniversary of the termination of his employment.

Barbara M. Lilley Employment Agreement

On July 17, 2023, we entered into an Employment Agreement with Barbara M. Lilley (the “Lilley Employment Agreement”), which became effective as of July 14, 2023, (the “Effective Date) and governs Ms. Lilley’s employment as our Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the Lilley Employment Agreement, Ms. Lilley: (i) receives an annual base salary of $200,000, (ii) received an award of restricted stock of 15,000 shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the TechPrecision Corporation 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2016 Plan”), at fair market value measured on the grant date which provided that the Employee remains employed by the Company from the Effective Date through the applicable vesting dates, 5,000 of the Restricted Shares shall vest on each of the first, second, and third anniversaries of the Effective Date; provided that in the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan) while the Employee is employed by the Company, all outstanding, unvested Restricted Shares shall become fully vested on the effective date of such Change in Control, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan. For the avoidance of doubt, none of the Restricted Shares will vest following the end of the Employee’s employment with the Company. Any additional future grants will be as the Compensation Committee or the full Board shall in its sole discretion institute.

If the CFO’s employment with the Company ceases for any reason, then the Company’s obligation to the Employee will be limited solely to the payment of accrued and unpaid base salary, and PTO, through the date of such cessation of employment, subject to appropriate offsets (as permitted by applicable law) for debts or money due to the Company, including without limitation personal loans to the Employee and travel advances. All compensation and benefits will cease at the time of such cessation of employment and, except as otherwise provided by COBRA, the Company will have no further liability or obligation by reason of such termination. The foregoing will not be construed to limit the Executive’s right to payment or reimbursement for claims incurred prior to the date of such termination under any insurance contract funding an employee benefit plan, policy or arrangement of the Company in accordance with the terms of such insurance contract.

The CFO’s obligations shall cease to be in effect in the event that the Company terminates the Employee’s employment with the Company for a reason other than Cause. For purposes of this clause, “Cause” shall mean: (i) the Employee’s failure or refusal to perform Employee’s material duties and responsibilities or Employee’s repeated failure or refusal to follow lawful and reasonable directives of the Board or the CEO; (ii) the willful misappropriation by Employee of the funds, business opportunities, or property of the Company or its affiliates; (iii) the commission by the Employee of any willful or intentional act, which Employee should reasonably have anticipated would reasonably be expected to have the effect of injuring the reputation, business or business relationships of the Company or its affiliates; (iv) use of alcohol to excess or illegal drugs, continuing after written warning from the Board; or (v) any breach by the Employee of any written agreement with the Company.

In addition to the compensation and severance arrangements described above, the Lilley Employment Agreement contains customary provisions (i) prohibiting Ms. Lilley from divulging to third parties or using confidential information or trade secrets of the Company; (ii) confirming that all intellectual work products generated by Ms. Lilley during the term of her employment with the Company are the sole property of the Company; and (iii) prohibiting Ms. Lilley from competing against the Company, including by soliciting the Company’s employees or its current or prospective clients, until the one year anniversary of the termination of his employment.

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Thomas Sammons Service Agreement

Effective July 14, 2023, Mr. Sammons retired from service as Chief Financial Officer of the Company. He is continuing to serve the Company as a non-executive employee, which he and the Company expect will continue for a limited period of time, to assist with transition efforts. Thereafter, the Company expects that it may enter into a consultancy agreement with Mr. Sammons under which he will agree to provide consulting services to the Company as an independent contractor, primarily to continue ensuring an orderly transition of his former duties to the new chief financial officer. His services are being provided on an as-needed basis following his retirement date, and as compensation for such services, he is being paid an hourly rate and may also be awarded a fixed number of shares.

2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan

The purposes of the 2016 Plan are to: (a) enable the Company and its affiliated companies to recruit and retain highly qualified employees, directors and consultants; (b) provide those employees, directors and consultants with an incentive for productivity; and (c) provide those employees, directors and consultants with an opportunity to share in the growth and value of the Company.

Employees, directors, consultants and other individuals who provide services to the Company or its affiliates are eligible to be granted awards under the 2016 Plan; provided, however, that only employees of the Company or any parent company or subsidiary of the Company are eligible to be granted incentive stock options.

As of March 31, 2024, approximately 162 employees and four non-employee directors are eligible to participate in the 2016 Plan, and there were outstanding options granted under the 2016 Plan to purchase 542,500 shares of our Common Stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $1.53. This amount included options to purchase 442,500 shares of our Common Stock issued to our executive officers. As of March 31, 2024, the closing price of our Common Stock was $3.61 per share.

Additional Retirement Benefits

During fiscal 2024, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer each participated in our qualified 401(k) plan that provides participants the opportunity to defer taxation on a portion of their income, up to limits set forth in the Internal Revenue Code and receive a matching Company contribution.

Compensation Policies and Practices and Risk Management

One of the responsibilities of our board of directors, in its role in setting executive compensation and overseeing our various compensation programs, is to ensure that our compensation programs are structured so as to discourage inappropriate risk-taking. We believe that our existing compensation practices and policies for all employees, including executive officers, mitigate against this risk by, among other things, providing a meaningful portion of total compensation in the form of equity incentives. These equity incentives are awarded with either staggered or cliff vesting over several years, so as to promote long-term rather than short-term financial performance and to encourage employees to focus on sustained stock price appreciation. In addition, our existing compensation policies attempt to discourage employees from taking excessive risks to achieve individual performance objectives such as annual cash incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation which are based upon balanced company-wide, business unit and individual performance and base salaries structured so as to be consistent with an employee’s responsibilities and general market practices. The board of directors, as a whole, is responsible for monitoring our existing compensation practices and policies and investigating applicable enhancements to align our existing practices and policies with avoidance or elimination of risk and the enhancement of long-term stockholder value.

Board of Directors Compensation

Fees and Equity Awards for Non-Employee Directors

The fee structure for non-employee directors is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fee Category |  | Fees
Quarterly Retainer | ​ | $ | 6,000
Audit Committee Chair – Annual Retainer | ​ | $ | 5,000
Chair – Annual Retainer | ​ | $ | 12,000

​

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In addition, our board of directors has provided that each non-employee director is eligible for an annual grant of 12,500 options to purchase shares of our Common Stock or 12,500 shares of restricted stock, as determined by the board of directors, under the 2016 TechPrecision Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”).

Director Compensation Table

The following table sets forth compensation paid to each director who served during the year ended March 31, 2024.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Fees |  | Option |  | Stock |  | ​ | ​
Name | ​ | Earned(1) | ​ | Awards(2) | ​ | Awards(3) | ​ | Totals
Andrew Levy | ​ | $ | 24,000 |  | — | ​ | $ | 44,438 | ​ | $ | 68,438
Robert A. Crisafulli | ​ | $ | 29,000 |  | — | ​ | $ | 44,438 | ​ | $ | 73,438
Richard S. McGowan | ​ | $ | 36,000 |  | — | ​ | $ | 44,438 | ​ | $ | 80,438
Walter M. Schenker | ​ | $ | 24,000 |  | — | ​ | $ | 44,438 | ​ | $ | 68,438

(1)The members of the board of directors earned all fees for serving on the board of directors during fiscal 2024.

(2)There were no option awards granted during fiscal 2023. The number of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2024 for each director was: Mr. Levy: 25,000; Mr. Crisafulli: 25,000; Mr. McGowan: 25,000; and Mr. Schenker: 25,000.

(3)Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of stock awards computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718. Key assumptions in calculating these amounts are outlined in Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. On October 11, 2023, each director then serving on the Company’s board of directors was granted 6,250 fully vested shares of Common Stock, for a total of 25,000 shares. No director held any unvested shares of restricted stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024.

PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE DISCLOSURE

​

The following table shows the past two fiscal years’ total compensation for our named executive officers as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table, the “compensation actually paid” to our named executive officers (as determined under SEC rules described in greater detail below), our total shareholder return (“TSR”), and our net income.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Value of |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Initial | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fixed $100 | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Summary | ​ | Compensation | ​ | Summary | ​ | Compensation | ​ | Investment | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Compensation – | ​ | Actually Paid – | ​ | Compensation – | ​ | Actually Paid – | ​ | Based on | ​ | Net Income
Year | ​ | PEO(1) | ​ | PEO(3) | ​ | non-PEO NEO(2) | ​ | non-PEO NEO(3) | ​ | TSR | ​ | (Loss)
2024 | ​ | $ | 297,994 | ​ | $ | 286,054 | ​ | $ | 518,986 | ​ | $ | 507,046 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (6,343,356)
2022 | ​ | $ | 356,331 | ​ | $ | 356,231 | ​ | $ | 282,193 | ​ | $ | 282,093 | ​ | $ | 133 | ​ | $ | (349,834)
2023 | ​ | $ | 304,740 | ​ | $ | 312,540 | ​ | $ | 236,404 | ​ | $ | 244,204 | ​ | $ | 139 | ​ | $ | (979,006)

(1)The PEO for each year presented was Alexander Shen.

(2)The only non-PEO NEO for each of 2022 and 2023 was Thomas Sammons. In 2024, Thomas Sammons and Bobbie Lilley were each a non-PEO NEO.

(3)SEC rules require certain adjustments be made to the Summary Compensation Table totals to determine “compensation actually paid” as reported in the Pay versus Performance Table. “Compensation actually paid” does not necessarily represent cash and/or equity value transferred to the applicable named executive officer without restriction, but rather is a valuation calculated under applicable SEC rules. The following table details applicable adjustments.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | Equity Award Adjustments
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Change
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in value
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | as of covered
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Include | ​ | year-end
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | year-end | ​ | (compared to
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Deduct | ​ | equity | ​ | prior year-end)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | stock | ​ | value of awards | ​ | of equity
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | awards | ​ | granted in | ​ | awards granted
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | value as | ​ | covered year | ​ | prior to covered
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Summary | ​ | reported | ​ | and outstanding | ​ | year and
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | compensation | ​ | in SCT for | ​ | and unvested | ​ | outstanding and
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | table total for | ​ | covered | ​ | as of covered | ​ | unvested as of
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | covered year | ​ | year | ​ | year-end | ​ | covered year-end
Year | ​ | Executive(s) | ​ | ($) | ​ | ($) |  | ($) |  | ($)
2024 | ​ | PEO | ​ | 297,994 | ​ | — |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | Non-PEO NEO | ​ | 518,986 | ​ | (72,500) |  | 36,100 |  | (35,300)
2023 | ​ | PEO | ​ | 304,740 | ​ | — |  | — |  | 7,800
​ | ​ | Non-PEO NEO | ​ | 236,404 | ​ | — |  | — |  | 7,800
2022 | ​ | PEO | ​ | 356,331 | ​ | (17,000) |  | 16,900 |  | (100)
​ | ​ | Non-PEO NEO | ​ | 282,193 | ​ | (17,000) |  | 16,000 |  | (100)

​

Analysis of the Information Presented in the Pay Versus Performance Table

Compensation Actually Paid and Net Income (Loss)

The following chart sets forth the relationship between Compensation Actually Paid to our PEO(s), the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our Non-PEO NEO(s), and the Company’s net income (loss) over the period covering fiscal years 2022, 2023 and 2024.

​

PEO and Non-PEO NEO Compensation Actually Paid and Company Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”)

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The following chart sets forth the relationship between Compensation Actually Paid to our PEO(s), the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our Non-PEO NEO(s), and the Company’s TSR over the period covering fiscal years 2022, 2023 and 2024.

All information provided above under the “Pay Versus Performance” heading will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any filing of our company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

There are no individuals or entities known by TechPrecision (through their Section 13 filings), excluding directors and Named Executive Officers, to own more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock as of July 25, 2024.

The following table provides information as to shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned, as of July 25, 2024, by:

● | each of our current directors;

● | each Named Executive Officer; and

● | all current directors and executive officers as a group.

Except as otherwise indicated, each person has the sole power to vote and dispose of all shares of our Common Stock listed opposite his name. Each person is deemed to own beneficially shares of Common Stock that may be acquired upon exercise of stock options if they are vested and exercisable within 60 days of the measurement date, July 25, 2024. As of July 25, 2024, there were 9,097,432 shares of our Common Stock outstanding. All share figures in the table below give effect to the 4-for-1 reverse stock split that became effective February 23, 2023.

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Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed below is c/o TechPrecision Corp., 1 Bella Drive, Westminster, MA 01473.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Name |  | Shares of common stock |  | Percentage |
Robert Crisafulli(1) |  | 62,500 |  | * | ​
Andrew A. Levy(2) |  | 435,223 |  | 4.78 | %
Richard S. McGowan(1) |  | 66,703 |  | * | ​
Walter M. Schenker(3) |  | 307,152 |  | 3.38 | %
Alexander Shen(4) |  | 461,720 |  | 5.08 | %
Barbara M. Lilley |  | * |  | * | ​
All executive officers and directors as a group (six individuals)(5) |  | 1,348,298 |  | 14.82 | %

*Percentage of shares beneficially owned does not exceed one percent of the class.

(1) | Includes 25,000 shares of common stock that may be acquired pursuant to stock options that may be exercised within 60 days of July 25, 2024.

(2) | Includes 25,000 shares of common stock that may be acquired pursuant to stock options that may be exercised within 60 days of July 25, 2024.

(3) | According to a Schedule 13D filed by Maz Partners LP (“MAZ Partners”), MAZ Capital Advisers, LLC (“MAZ Capital”) and Mr. Schenker on February 13, 2018, MAZ Partners, MAZ Capital and Mr. Schenker share voting and dispositive power over 300,902 shares of the Company’s common stock, which are included in this amount. Mr. Schenker is the sole managing member of MAZ Capital, which is the sole general partner of MAZ Partners. This amount also includes (a) 25,000 shares of common stock that may be acquired pursuant to stock options that may be exercised within 60 days of July 25, 2024 and (b) 14,500 shares of common stock held in an IRA account of Mr. Schenker over which Mr. Schenker has sole voting and sole dispositive power.

(4) | Includes 442,500 shares of common stock that may be acquired pursuant to stock options that may be exercised within 60 days of July 25, 2024.

(5) | Includes 542,500 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options granted to executive officers and/or directors that may be exercised within 60 days of July 25, 2024.

Changes in Control

To our knowledge, there are no present arrangements or pledges of the Company’s securities which may result in a change in control of the Company.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes our equity compensation plan information as of March 31, 2024.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Number of Securities
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Remaining Available
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | for Future Issuance
​ | ​ | Number of Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Under Equity
​ | ​ | to Be Issued upon | ​ | Weighted-Average | ​ | Compensation Plans
​ | ​ | Exercise of | ​ | Exercise Price of | ​ | (Excluding
​ | ​ | Outstanding Options, | ​ | Outstanding Options, | ​ | Securities Reflected in
​ | ​ | Warrants and Rights | ​ | Warrants and Rights | ​ | Column (a))
Plan Category |  | (a) |  | (b) |  | (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |  | 542,500 |  | $ | 1.53 |  | 257,500

​

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Related Party Transaction Policy

All transactions with related parties that may present actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest are subject to approval by the Audit Committee, under the terms of the Audit Committee’s charter. As part of its review of related party transactions, the Audit Committee generally seeks to obtain evidence regarding whether the terms of the related party transaction are market-based. The Audit Committee relies on such information, in addition to other transaction-specific factors, in its review and approval of related party transactions.

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Related Person Transactions

We are not aware of any transactions, since April 1, 2022, or any proposed transactions, in which the Company was a party, where the amount involved exceeded $120,000 and in which a director, executive officer, holder of more than 5% of our Common Stock, any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons or any other “related person” (as defined under the rules of the SEC), had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Director Independence

We evaluate the independence of our directors in accordance with the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“Nasdaq”), the national securities exchange on which our common stock trades, and the regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC’). Nasdaq’s rules require that a majority of the members of a listed company’s board of directors must qualify as “independent,” as affirmatively determined by the board of directors. Under Nasdaq rules, we are required to have a board of directors comprised of a majority of independent directors. Accordingly, after review of all relevant transactions and relationships between each director, or any of his family members, and us, our senior management and our independent registered public accounting firm, our board of directors has determined that the following directors, which comprise a majority of the members of our board of directors, are independent directors within the meaning of the Nasdaq listing standards: Robert A. Crisafulli, Andrew A. Levy, Richard S. McGowan and Walter M. Schenker.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following is a summary of fees for professional services rendered by Marcum LLP for the years ended:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Audit Fees | ​ | $ | 502,416 | ​ | $ | 553,024
Audit related fees | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Tax fees | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
All other fees | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Total | ​ | $ | 502,416 | ​ | $ | 553,024

​

Audit fees. Audit fees represent fees for professional services performed by Marcum LLP for the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of our quarterly financial statements, as well as services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Audit-related fees. Audit-related fees represent fees for assurance and related services performed by Marcum LLP that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are traditionally performed by the independent registered public accounting firm. These include services related to consultation with respect to special procedures required to meet certain regulatory requirements.

Tax fees. There were no fees paid to Marcum LLP for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning services for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

All other fees. There were no other fees paid to Marcum LLP for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning services for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services

The Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. The independent registered public accounting firm and our management are required to periodically report to the Audit Committee regarding the extent of services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with this pre-approval, and the fees for the services performed to date. The Audit Committee may also pre-approve particular services on a case-by-case basis. All services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

​

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Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1) | Financial Statements, included in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) | Financial Statement Schedules:

Financial statement schedules have been omitted because either they are not applicable or the required information is included in the financial statements or the notes thereto.

(3) | List of Exhibits:

The following exhibits are filed herewith or are incorporated by reference to exhibits previously filed with the SEC.

Exhibit Index

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Form |  | File No. |  | Date Filed |  | Exhibit No. |  | Filed Herewith
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
2.1 | ​ | Stock Purchase Agreement among TechPrecision Corporation, Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Stadco Acquisition, LLC, and the stockholders of Stadco, dated as of October 16, 2020 | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | October 20, 2020 | ​ | 2.1 | ​ | ​
2.2 | ​ | Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2020, between TechPrecision Corporation, Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Stadco Acquisition, LLC and Douglas A. Paletz | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | February 3, 2021 | ​ | 10.2 | ​ | ​
2.3 | ​ | Third Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2021, among TechPrecision Corporation, Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, STADCO, Stadco Acquisition, LLC and Douglas A. Paletz, as stockholders’ representative | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | July 26, 2021 | ​ | 2.1 | ​ | ​
2.4* | ​ | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated November 22, 2023, by and between TechPrecision Corporation and Doerfer Corporation | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | November 29, 2023 | ​ | 2.1 | ​ | ​
3.1 | ​ | Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant | ​ | SB-2 | ​ | 333-133509 | ​ | August 28, 2006 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | ​
3.2 | ​ | Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of TechPrecision Corporation | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | February 23, 2023 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | ​
3.3 | ​ | Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | February 3, 2014 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | ​
3.4 | ​ | Certificate of Designation for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Registrant | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | March 3, 2006 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | ​
3.5 | ​ | Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Designation for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Registrant | ​ | 10-Q | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | November 12, 2009 | ​ | 3.5 | ​ | ​
4.1 | ​ | Description of Securities | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | X
4.2 | ​ | Form of Purchaser Warrant | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | July 10, 2024 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | ​
4.3 | ​ | Form of Placement Agent Warrant | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | July 10, 2024 | ​ | 4.2 | ​ | ​
10.1† | ​ | Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2016, from TechPrecision Corporation to Alexander Shen | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | December 28, 2016 | ​ | 10.3 | ​ | ​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Form |  | File No. |  | Date Filed |  | Exhibit No. |  | Filed Herewith
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
10.2† | ​ | TechPrecision Corporation 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | ​ | 10-Q | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | February 14, 2017 | ​ | 10.4 | ​ | ​
10.3† | ​ | First Amendment to TechPrecision Corporation 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | February 15, 2022 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.4† | ​ | 2006 Long-term Incentive Plan, as restated effective November 22, 2010 | ​ | 10-Q | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | February 14, 2011 | ​ | 10.2 | ​ | ​
10.5† | ​ | Form of Option Award Agreement for Directors | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | June 17, 2013 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.6† | ​ | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | March 20, 2014 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.7† | ​ | Form of Restricted Stock Award | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | December 10, 2018 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.8† | ​ | Employment Agreement, dated November 14, 2014, between TechPrecision Corporation and Alexander Shen | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | November 20, 2014 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.9† | ​ | Employment Agreement, dated March 31, 2016, between TechPrecision Corporation and Thomas Sammons | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | April 6, 2016 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.10 | ​ | Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2021, among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC, STADCO and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.11 | ​ | ​
10.11 | ​ | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and First Amendment to Promissory Note, dated as of December 17, 2021, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | December 20, 2021 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.12 | ​ | Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Second Amendment to Promissory Note, dated as of March 18, 2022, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | March 21, 2022 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.13 | ​ | Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Third Amendment to Promissory Note, dated as of June 16, 2022, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | June 23, 2022 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.14* | ​ | Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Promissory Note, dated as of September 15, 2022, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | September 19, 2022 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.15* | ​ | Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, Fifth Amendment to Promissory Note and First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, effective as of December 20, 2022, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | December 30, 2022 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.16* | ​ | Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, effective as of December 20, 2023, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | January 5, 2024 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.17 | ​ | Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, effective as of March 20, 2024, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | April 9, 2024 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Form |  | File No. |  | Date Filed |  | Exhibit No. |  | Filed Herewith
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
10.18 | ​ | Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, executed on May 28, 2024, and effective as of May 24, 2024, by and among Ranor, Inc., Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC and Berkshire Bank | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | June 3, 2024 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.19 | ​ | Amended and Restated Loan Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of April 23, 2021, between Stadco New Acquisition, LLC and Sunflower Bank, N.A. | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | April 29, 2021 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.20 | ​ | Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2021, between Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Stadco Acquisition LLC and Stadco Mexico, Inc. and Sunflower Bank, N.A. | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | June 29, 2021 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.21 | ​ | Amended and Restated Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Tenant Lease – Net, dated July 1, 2010, between the Landlord and Stadco | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.22 | ​ | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Tenant Lease – Net, effective as of August 24, 2021, between the Stadco and the Landlord* | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.2 | ​ | ​
10.23 | ​ | Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2021, between Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, Stadco, Stadco Acquisition LLC and Stadco Mexico, Inc. and Sunflower Bank, N.A. | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | June 29, 2021 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.24 | ​ | Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated effective as of August 24, 2021, among TechPrecision Corporation, Stadco New Acquisition, LLC and Five Crowns Credit Partners, LLC* | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.5 | ​ | ​
10.25 | ​ | Warrant, issued as of August 25, 2021, by TechPrecision Corporation to Five Crowns Capital, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit to our Current Report on, filed with the Commission on). | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.6 | ​ | ​
10.26 | ​ | Debt Conversion Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2021, among TechPrecision Corporation, Stadco and Douglas A. Paletz | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.7 | ​ | ​
10.27 | ​ | Debt Conversion Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2021, among TechPrecision Corporation, Stadco and Babak Parsi | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.8 | ​ | ​
10.28 | ​ | Debt Conversion Agreement, dated as of August 25 2021, among TechPrecision Corporation, Stadco and Vanguard Electronic Company | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.9 | ​ | ​
10.29 | ​ | Form of PIPE Agreement | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | August 30, 2021 | ​ | 10.10 | ​ | ​
10.30# | ​ | Payment Agreement between Stadco and LADWP | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 000-51378 | ​ | February 3, 2023 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.31† | ​ | Employment Agreement, dated July 17, 2023, between TechPrecision Corporation and Barbara M. Lilley. | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | July 21, 2023 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.32* | ​ | Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between TechPrecision Corporation and the purchasers signatory thereto dated July 3, 2024 | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | July 10, 2024 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | ​
10.33 | ​ | Form of Placement Agent Agreement between the Company and Wellington Shields & Co. LLC dated July 3, 2024 | ​ | 8-K | ​ | 001-41698 | ​ | July 10, 2024 | ​ | 10.2 | ​ | ​
19.1 | ​ | Insider Trading Policy | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X
21.1 | ​ | Subsidiaries of the Registrant | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X
23.1 | ​ | Consent of Marcum LLP | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Form |  | File No. |  | Date Filed |  | Exhibit No. |  | Filed Herewith
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
31.1 | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X
31.2 | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X
32.1 | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X
97.1 | ​ | Clawback Policy | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X
101 | ​ | The following financial information from this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 and 2022; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File – The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X

† Management contract or compensatory arrangement or plan

* Pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, certain schedules and attachments have been omitted. A copy of any omitted schedule or attachment will be furnished supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

# Certain portions of this Exhibit were redacted pursuant to Item 601(a)(6) of Regulation S-K and marked by means of brackets and asterisks (“[****]”).

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

​

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | TechPrecision Corporation
September 13, 2024 | By: | /s/ Barbara M. Lilley
|  | Barbara M. Lilley
|  | Chief Financial Officer

​

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Title |  | Date
/s/ Alexander Shen |  | Chief Executive Officer, Director |  | September 13, 2024
Alexander Shen |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
/s/ Barbara M. Lilley |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | September 13, 2024
Barbara M. Lilley |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  |
/s/ Richard S. McGowan |  | Chairperson |  | September 13, 2024
Richard S. McGowan |  |  |  |
/s/ Robert A. Crisafulli |  | Director |  | September 13, 2024
Robert A. Crisafulli |  |  |  |
/s/ Andrew A. Levy |  | Director |  | September 13, 2024
Andrew A. Levy |  |  |  |
/s/ Walter M. Schenker |  | Director |  | September 13, 2024
Walter M. Schenker |  |  |  | ​

​

​

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