<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001206774-15-002508.txt : 20150804
<SEC-HEADER>0001206774-15-002508.hdr.sgml : 20150804
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20150804090053
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001206774-15-002508
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-Q
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		11
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20150630
FILED AS OF DATE:		20150804
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20150804

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000793524
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PATENT OWNERS & LESSORS [6794]
		IRS NUMBER:				112103466
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-Q
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-14893
		FILM NUMBER:		151024162

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		240 CROSSWAYS PARK DR
		CITY:			WOODBURY
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11797-2033
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5163641902

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		240 CROSSWAYS PARK DR
		CITY:			WOODBURY
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11797-2033
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-Q
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>refr_10q.htm
<DESCRIPTION>QUARTERLY REPORT
<TEXT>

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<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION<BR>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 </FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>FORM 10-Q </FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF<BR>THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 </FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>For Quarter
Ended</FONT><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;June 30,
2015</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commission File No.&nbsp; </FONT><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1-9399</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=center><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RESEARCH FRONTIERS
INCORPORATED&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR></FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Exact name of
registrant as specified in charter)</FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="95%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Delaware</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="98%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>11-2103466</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(State of incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(IRS
      Employer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Identification No.)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="95%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>240 Crossways Park Drive,
      Woodbury, N.Y.</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11797</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Address of principal executive
      offices)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="99%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Zip Code)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P align=center><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2></FONT></U></P><BR>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="99%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2><U>(516) 364-1902</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="99%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Registrant's
      telephone number, including area code)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section
13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>X</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No __ </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate
Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and
posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&#167;232.405 of this chapter) during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to submit and post such
files).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp; <U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>X</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No __ </FONT></FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
&#147;large accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;accelerated filer&#148; and &#147;smaller reporting company&#148;
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Large accelerated filer [
]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accelerated filer
[X]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accelerated filer [
]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Smaller reporting company </FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>[ ] </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes [ ]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No [X]
</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Indicate the number of
shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the
latest practicable date: As of August 4, 2015, there were outstanding 24,030,846
shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. </FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>RESEARCH FRONTIERS
INCORPORATED<BR>Consolidated Balance Sheets </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="3%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>June 30</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="3%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>December
    31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="3%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="3%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2014</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Assets</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="3%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Unaudited)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Current
      assets:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash
      and cash equivalents</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5,594,919</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>7,569,537</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term
      investments</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,503,790</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,501,554</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Royalty
      receivables, net of reserves of $305,171 in</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2015
      and 2014</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,727,282</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,175,218</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid
      expenses and other current assets</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>94,656</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>121,252</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total
      current assets</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>8,920,647</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>10,367,561</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="104%" colSpan=9></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fixed assets,
      net</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>927,056</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>660,201</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Long-term
      investments</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,508,604</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,503,525</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Deposits and
      other assets</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>33,567</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>33,567</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total
      assets</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>11,389,874</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>12,564,854</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="104%" colSpan=9>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Liabilities and Shareholders&#146; Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="104%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=9></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Current
      liabilities:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts
      payable</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>100,390</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>159,312</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued
      expenses and other</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>265,704</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>323,372</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred
      revenue</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>22,722</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>-</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total
      current liabilities</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>388,816</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>482,684</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="104%" colSpan=9>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Shareholders&#146;
      equity:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common
      stock, par value $0.0001 per share;</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;authorized
      100,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24,030,846
      and 23,924,465 shares for 2015 and 2014</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2,403</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2,392</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional
      paid-in capital</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>110,827,022</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>110,210,480</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated
      deficit</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(99,828,367</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(98,130,702</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total
      shareholders&#146; equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>11,001,058</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>12,082,170</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="104%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=9>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total
      liabilities and shareholders&#146; equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>11,389,874</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>12,564,854</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>See accompanying notes to
consolidated financial statements. </FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>RESEARCH FRONTIERS
INCORPORATED</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Consolidated Statements of
Operations</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Unaudited) </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="10%" colSpan=7><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Six months ended</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="11%" colSpan=7><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Three months ended</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="4%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >June 30, 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="5%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >June 30, 2014</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="5%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >June 30, 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="5%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >June 30, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Fee
      income</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="2%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >1,182,891</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >703,967</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >803,494</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >395,619</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=17>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Operating
      expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="2%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >2,134,264</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >2,233,606</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >961,727</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >1,196,445</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Research and
      development</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="2%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >768,972</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >799,440</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >334,518</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >349,627</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total
      Expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="2%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >2,903,236</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >3,033,046</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >1,296,245</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >1,546,072</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" colSpan=17>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating
      loss</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="2%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(1,720,345</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(2,329,079</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(492,751</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(1,150,453</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=17>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Net
      investment income</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="2%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >22,680</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >17,236</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >11,464</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >8,595</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net
      loss</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="2%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(1,697,665</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(2,311,843</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(481,287</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(1,141,858</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=17>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Basic and
      diluted net loss</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per
      common share</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="2%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(0.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(0.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >(0.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" colSpan=17>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >Weighted
      average number of</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="2%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="77%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;common
      shares outstanding</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="2%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >23,975,197</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >23,337,166</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >24,005,909</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2 >23,554,685</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>See accompanying notes to
consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>3 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>RESEARCH FRONTIERS
INCORPORATED</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Consolidated Statements of
Cash Flows</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Unaudited) </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="9%" colSpan=7><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Six months ended</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="4%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>June 30, 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap style="text-align: center" width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="4%" colSpan=3><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>June 30, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Cash flows from
      operating activities:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Net
loss</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(1,697,665</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(2,311,843</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Adjustments to
      reconcile net loss to net cash</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>used in operating
      activities:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation
      and amortization</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>43,941</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>12,218</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based
      compensation</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>125,930</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>329,067</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change
      in assets and liabilities:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="4%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Royalty
      receivables</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(552,064</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(175,015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid
      expenses and other current assets</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>26,596</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>71,476</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred
      revenue</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>22,722</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(2,500</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts
      payable and accrued expenses and other</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(116,590</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>167,873</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net
      cash used in operating activities</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(2,147,130</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(1,908,724</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD align=left width="105%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=9><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Cash flows from
      investing activities:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="4%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases
      of fixed assets</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(310,796</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(44,520</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change
      in investments</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(7,315</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(2,545</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net
      cash used in investing activities</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(318,111</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(47,065</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="105%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=9>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Cash flows from
      financing activities:</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="3%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="4%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net
      proceeds from sale of common stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>-</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>3,278,250</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net
      proceeds from exercise of options and warrants</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>490,623</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>304,788</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net
      cash provided by financing activities</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>490,623</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>3,583,038</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="105%" bgColor=#c0c0c0 colSpan=9>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(1,974,618</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,627,249</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="105%" colSpan=9>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Cash and cash
      equivalents at beginning of year</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="3%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>7,569,537</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="4%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5,866,123</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="95%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Cash and cash
      equivalents at end of period</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="3%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5,594,919</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="4%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>7,493,372</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>See accompanying notes to
consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>4 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>RESEARCH FRONTIERS
INCORPORATED<BR>Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements<BR>June 30,
2015<BR>(Unaudited) </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Basis of
Presentation</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The accompanying unaudited
consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (&#147;GAAP&#148;) for interim
financial information and with the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.
Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required
by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all
adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All
such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the
results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015. For
further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and
footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to
Research Frontiers Incorporated (the &#147;Company&#148;) for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2014. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Business</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Research Frontiers
Incorporated (&#147;Research Frontiers&#148; or the &#147;Company&#148;) operates in a single
business segment which is engaged in the development and marketing of technology
and devices to control the flow of light. Such devices, often referred to as
&#147;light valves&#148; or suspended particle devices (SPDs), use colloidal particles
that are either incorporated within a liquid suspension or a film, which is
usually enclosed between two sheets of glass or plastic having transparent,
electrically conductive coatings on the facing surfaces thereof. At least one of
the two sheets is transparent. SPD technology, made possible by a flexible
light-control film invented by Research Frontiers, allows the user to instantly
and precisely control the shading of glass/plastic manually or automatically.
SPD technology has numerous product applications, including: SPD-Smart&#153; windows,
sunshades, skylights and interior partitions for homes and buildings; automotive
windows; sunroofs, sun-visors, sunshades, rear-view mirrors, instrument panels
and navigation systems; aircraft windows; eyewear products; frames, cases and
partitions protecting light-sensitive artwork, documents and artifacts; and flat
panel displays for electronic products. SPD-Smart light control film is now
being developed for, or used in, architectural, automotive, marine, aerospace
and appliance applications. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company has
historically utilized its cash and the proceeds from the sale of its investments
to fund its research and development of SPD light valves, for marketing
initiatives, and for other working capital purposes. The Company&#146;s working
capital and capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including the
results of research and development activities, competitive and technological
developments, the timing and cost of patent filings, and the development of new
licensees and changes in the Company&#146;s relationships with its existing
licensees. The degree of dependence of the Company&#146;s working capital
requirements on each of the forgoing factors cannot be quantified; increased
research and development activities and related costs would increase such
requirements; the addition of new licensees may provide additional working
capital or working capital requirements, and changes in relationships with
existing licensees would have a favorable or negative impact depending on the
nature of such changes. There can be no assurance that expenditures will not
exceed the anticipated amounts or that additional financing, if required, will
be available when needed or, if available, that&#146;s its terms will be favorable or
acceptable to the Company. Eventual success of the Company and generation of
positive cash flow will be dependent upon the commercialization of products
using the Company&#146;s technology by the Company&#146;s licensees and payments of continuing royalties on account
thereof. To date, the Company has not generated sufficient revenue from its
licensees to fully fund its operations.</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Patent
Costs</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company expenses costs
relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of
the recoverability of these items. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Revenue
Recognition</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company has entered
into a number of license agreements covering its light-control technology. The
Company receives minimum annual royalties under certain license agreements and
records fee income on a ratable basis each quarter. In instances when sales of
licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual royalties, the Company
recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned. Certain of the fees are
accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which they are
earned resulting in deferred revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as
deferred revenue and recognized into income in future periods as earned.
</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fee
Income</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fee income represents
amounts earned by the Company under various license and other agreements
relating to technology developed by the Company. During the first six months of
2015, two licensees accounted for 10% or more of fee income of the Company;
these licensees accounted for approximately 30% and 14%, respectively of fee
income recognized during this period. In addition, during the six months ended
June 30, 2015, approximately 23% of revenues related to fees generated by a large architectural glass project. During the first six months
of 2014, two licensees accounted for 10% or more of fee income of the Company;
these licensees accounted for approximately 41% and 10%, respectively of fee
income recognized during such period. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Stock-Based
Compensation</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>During the quarter ended
September 30, 2014, it was noted that the Company was applying the expected term
of warrants granted in 2009 to certain consultants, rather than the contractual
term, which is required by GAAP. The result of using contractual terms of the
warrants was an increase to previously reported consultant compensation charges
included in Operating Expenses in the Company&#146;s Consolidated Statement of
Operations. The impact of this change to the prior period is not considered
material to the period presented. As a consequence, the Company revised its
financial presentation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 in which
consultant compensation charges have been increased by $124,747 and $145,669,
respectively. This adjustment had no impact on the Company&#146;s use of cash or cash
flow. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>GAAP requires that all
stock-based compensation be recognized as an expense in the financial statements
and that such costs be measured at the fair value of the award.</FONT></P>

<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>6 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company has granted
options/warrants to consultants. These awards generally vest ratably over 12 to
60 months from the date of grant and the Company charges to operations quarterly
the current market value of the options using the Black-Scholes method. During
the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, a charge of $10,007 and $65,780,
respectively, and during the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, $0 and
$124,167, respectively was recorded to operations reflecting the fair value of
the options using the Black-Scholes method with the following weighted average
assumptions: </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="50%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP ALIGN="RIGHT" WIDTH="1%" STYLE="border-bottom: #000000 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT size=+0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2015</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP ALIGN="RIGHT" WIDTH="1%" STYLE="border-bottom: #000000 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT size=+0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2014</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Risk free
      interest rate</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1.7%</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1.7%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Option
    Life</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>8.9
    years</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5.5
    years</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="96%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Volatility</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>65%</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2></FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>58%</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company did not grant
any stock options to employees and directors during the three and six months
ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>In connection with the
restricted stock grants to employees and directors, the Company charged $57,967
and $131,644 to operations during the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014,
respectively and $115,923 and $263,287 was charged to operations during the six
months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of June 30, 2015,
remaining unamortized compensation costs in connection with these restricted
stock grants was $116,000 which will be recognized over the next 6 month
period.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Income
Taxes</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Since inception, the
Company has incurred losses from operations and as a result has not recorded
income tax expense. Benefits related to net operating loss carryforwards and
deferred items have been fully reserved since it was not more likely than not
that the Company would achieve profitable operations.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Equity</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>In May 2014, under an
existing shelf registration statement, the Company sold 750,000 shares of common
stock to a current institutional shareholder, Kevin Douglas and his related
parties. Net proceeds from the offering were $3,278,250 which the Company
has used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Company
did not sell any additional equity securities during the six months ended June
30, 2014.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company received
proceeds of $490,623 and $304,788 during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014, respectively, in connection with stock issued by the exercise of options
and warrants.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Treasury
Stock</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company did not
repurchase any of its stock during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.
</FONT></P>

<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>7 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Investments</FONT></U></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company classifies
investments in marketable securities as trading, available-for-sale or
held-to-maturity at the time of purchase and periodically re-evaluates such
classifications. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized
holding gains and losses included in earnings. Held-to-maturity securities are
recorded at cost and are adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums
or discounts over the life of the related security. Unrealized holding gains and
losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are
reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) until realized. In determining realized gains and losses, the cost of
securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and
dividends on the investments are accrued at the balance sheet date. At June 30,
2015 and December 31, 2014 all investments were classified as held to maturity
and consisted of the following: </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman"></FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="14%"><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman"></FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman"></FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="15%"><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman"></FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="34%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>June
      30, 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="31%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>December 31, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="15%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Certificates of Deposit</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="15%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Maturity</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="34%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Value
      of Held to Muturity Investment</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="31%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Value
      of Held to Muturity Investment</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="15%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Investment</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="15%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Date</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="35%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(based on cost)</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=center width="32%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(based on cost)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="14%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,501,554</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="15%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>August 27, 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="34%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,503,790</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="31%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,501,554</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="14%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,503,525</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" noWrap width="1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD noWrap align=right width="15%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>August 27,
    2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="34%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,508,604</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" noWrap align=right width="31%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1,503,525</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="14%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="15%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="34%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>3,012,394</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 2pt double" noWrap align=left width="1%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>$</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 2pt double" noWrap align=right width="31%" bgColor=#c0c0c0><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>3,005,079</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=left><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;</FONT><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fair Value Measurements</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>We value financial
instruments using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the
inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as
observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices for similar
assets or liabilities in active markets that are either directly or indirectly
observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no
market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own
assumptions. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Financial assets accounted
for at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2015 include cash, cash
equivalents and short term investments of approximately $8.6 million. These
assets are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices for identical
securities (Level 1 inputs). </FONT></P>
<P align=center><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Management&#146;s Discussion
and Analysis of<BR>Financial Condition and Results of Operations </FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><B><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Critical Accounting
Policies</FONT></U></B><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The following accounting
policies are important to understanding our financial condition and results of
operations and should be read as an integral part of the discussion and analysis
of the results of our operations and financial position. For additional
accounting policies, see note 2 to our consolidated financial statements,
&#147;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&#148; in our Form 10-K report for the
period ending December 31, 2014.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company has entered
into a number of license agreements covering products using the Company&#146;s SPD
technology. The Company receives fees and minimum annual royalties under certain
license agreements and records fee income on a ratable basis each quarter. In
instances when sales of licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual
royalties, the Company recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned.
Certain of the fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the
period in which they are earned resulting in deferred revenue.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company expenses costs
relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of
the recoverability of these items. All of our research and development costs are
charged to operations as incurred. Our research and development expenses consist
of costs incurred for internal and external research and development. These
costs include direct and indirect overhead expenses.</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>8 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company has
historically used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the
estimated fair value of each option grant. The Black-Scholes model includes
assumptions regarding dividend yields, expected volatility, expected lives, and
risk-free interest rates. These assumptions reflect our best estimates, but
these items involve uncertainties based on market conditions generally outside
of our control. As a result, if other assumptions had been used in the current
period, stock-based compensation expense could have been materially impacted.
Furthermore, if management uses different assumptions in future periods,
stock-based compensation expense could be materially impacted in future
years.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>On occasion, the Company
may issue consultants either options or warrants to purchase shares of common
stock of the Company at specified share prices. These options or warrants may
vest based upon specific services being performed or performance criteria being
met. In accounting for equity instruments that are issued to other than
employees for acquiring, or in conjunction with selling, goods or services, the
Company would be required to record consulting expenses based upon the fair
value of such options or warrants on the earlier of the service period or the
period that such options or warrants vest as determined using a Black-Scholes
option pricing model.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The preparation of
financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual
results could differ from these estimates. An example of a critical estimate is
the full valuation allowance for deferred taxes that was recorded based on the
uncertainty that such tax benefits would be realized in future
periods.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><B><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Results of
Operations</FONT></U></B><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The majority of the
Company&#146;s fee income comes from the activities of several licensees
participating in the automotive market. The Company currently believes that the
automotive market will be the largest source of its royalty income over the next
several years. The Company&#146;s royalty income from this market may be influenced
by numerous factors including various trends affecting demand in the automotive
industry and the rate of introduction of new technology in OEM product lines. In
addition to these macro factors, the Company&#146;s royalty income from the
automotive market could also be influenced by specific factors such as whether
the Company&#146;s SPD SmartGlass technology appears as standard equipment or as an
option of a particular vehicle, the number of additional vehicle models that
SPD-SmartGlass appears on, the size of each window on a vehicle and the number
of windows on a vehicle that use SPD-SmartGlass, fluctuations in the total
number of vehicles produced by a manufacturer, and in the percentage of cars
within model like produced with SPD-SmartGlass, and changes in pricing or
exchange rates. Certain license fees, which are paid to the Company in advance
of the accounting period in which they are earned resulting in the recognition
of deferred revenue for the current accounting period, which will be recognized
as fee income in future periods. Also, licensees may offset some or all of their
royalty payments on sales of licensed products for a given period by applying
these advance payments towards such earned royalty payments. Because the
Company&#146;s license agreements typically provide for the payment of royalties by a
licensee on product sales within 45 days after the end of the quarter in which a
sale of a licensed product occurs (with some of the Company&#146;s more recent
license agreements providing for payments on a monthly basis), and because of
the time period which typically will elapse between a customer order and the
sale of the licensed product and installation in a home, office building,
automobile, aircraft, boat or any other product, there could be a delay between
when economic activity between a licensee and its customer occurs and when the
Company gets paid its royalty resulting from such activity. </FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>9 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>

<P align=justify><B><I><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Six months ended June
30, 2015 Compared to the Six months ended June 30, 2014 </FONT></I></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company&#146;s fee income  from licensing activities for the
six months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $478,924 (68%) to  $1,182,891 from $703,967 for the six months ended June 30,
2014. In the first  quarter of 2015, the Company began receiving royalty revenues for fiscal 2015  from sales of the Magic
Sky Control option on the S-Class in excess of minimum  annual royalty levels for one of our licensees which therefore will
be accretive  to the Company&#146;s royalty revenue. Most of the increase in fee income during this  period was a result of
an increase in automotive fee income from the new  Mercedes-Benz S-Class Coupe and Mercedes-Benz S-Class Maybach, both of
which offer the Magic Sky Control panoramic roof option using the Company&#146;s  SPD-SmartGlass technology. This increase in
fee income is expected to continue  as other higher unit volume car models become available using the
Company&#146;s SPD-SmartGlass technology. Fee income for the first six months of fiscal year 2015 did not include any
royalties relating to the production of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class long wheelbase sedan (V222). Production of the V222 roof
using the Company&#146;s technology is expected to begin in the third quarter of fiscal 2015. The Company also received royalties from another one  of our licensees in excess of minimum annual royalty levels
from sales of the  Magic Sky Control option on the SLK and SL vehicles which also are accretive to  the Company&#146;s
royalty revenues. Royalty activity from the SLK and SL vehicles, however, have been declining due to (A) lower productions
levels of these roadsters which are typical for cars several years after their redesign, and (B)  cost reductions in the
price of SPD-SmartGlass due to production efficiencies and higher production volumes, and (C) exchange rate fluctuations.
Production efficiencies are expected to continue and accelerate with the introduction of  the higher vehicle production
volumes for various car models going forward, and  the Company expects that lower pricing per square foot of the
Company&#146;s technology could expand the market opportunities, adoption rates, and revenues  for its technology in
automotive and non-automotive applications. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded
revenues of $275,000 related to fees generated from a large architectural glass project.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Operating expenses
decreased by $98,658 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to $2,134,948 from
$2,233,606 for the six months ended June 30, 2014. This decrease was principally
the result of lower non-cash compensation charges related to common stock
options to employees ($118,000) primarily due to timing of the Company&#146;s annual
grant, as well as lower patent ($41,000) and stock listing/registration costs
($14,000) partially offset by higher investor relations/marketing costs
($85,000). </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Research and development
expenditures decreased by $30,468 to $768,972 for the six months ended June 30,
2015 from $799,440 for the six months ended June 30, 2014. This decrease was
principally the result of lower non-cash compensation charges related to common
stock and options granted to employees ($30,000) primarily due to timing of the
Company&#146;s annual grant. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company&#146;s net
investment income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was $22,680 compared to
$17,236 earned for the six months ended June 30, 2014. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>As a consequence of the
factors discussed above, the Company&#146;s net loss was $1,697,665 ($0.07 per common
share) for the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to $2,311,843 ($0.10
per common share) for the six months ended June 30, 2014. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><B><I><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Three months ended
June 30, 2015 Compared to the Three months ended June 30, 2014
</FONT></I></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company&#146;s fee income  from licensing activities for the three
months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $407,875 (103%) to $803,494 from $395,619 for the three months ended June 30, 2014.
Fee income  increased primarily <FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>due to revenue of  $275,000 recorded from fees generated
from a large architectural glass project as  well as increased royalties from automotive products. Fee income for the second
quarter of fiscal year 2015 did not include any royalties relating to the production of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class long
wheelbase sedan (V222). Production of the V222 roof using the Company&#146;s technology is expected to begin in the third
quarter of fiscal 2015.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>10 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Operating expenses
decreased by $234,718 for the three months ended June 30, 2015 to $961,727 from
$1,196,445 for the three months ended June 30, 2014. This decrease was
principally the result of lower non-cash compensation charges related to common
stock, option and warrant grants to consultants, directors and employees
($184,000) due to timing of the Company&#146;s annual grant to employees as well as
lower charges related to grants consultants and lower patent costs ($51,000).
</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Research and development
expenditures decreased by $15,109 to $334,518 for the three months ended June
30, 2015 from $349,627 for the three months ended June 30, 2014. This decrease
was principally the result of lower non-cash compensation charges related to
common stock and options granted to employees ($15,000) primarily due to timing
of the Company&#146;s annual grant. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company&#146;s net
investment income for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was $11,464 compared
to $8,595 earned for the three months ended June 30, 2014. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>As a consequence of the
factors discussed above, the Company&#146;s net loss was $481,287 ($0.02 per common
share) for the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to $1,141,858 ($0.05
per common share) for the three months ended June 30, 2014. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><B><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Financial Condition,
Liquidity and Capital Resources</FONT></U></B><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company has primarily
utilized its cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and the proceeds
from its investments to fund its research and development, for marketing
initiatives, and for other working capital purposes. The Company&#146;s working
capital and capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including, but
not limited to, the results of research and development activities, competitive
and technological developments, the timing and costs of patent filings, and the
development of new licensees and changes in the Company&#146;s relationship with
existing licensees. The degree of dependence of the Company&#146;s working capital
requirements on each of the foregoing factors cannot be quantified; increased
research and development activities and related costs would increase such
requirements; the addition of new licensees may provide additional working
capital or working capital requirements, and changes in relationships with
existing licensees would have a favorable or negative impact depending upon the
nature of such changes.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>During the six months ended
June 30, 2015, the Company&#146;s cash and cash equivalents balance decreased by
$1,974,618. The decrease was mainly due to cash used for operations of
$2,147,130 and the purchase of fixed assets of $310,796 partially offset by
proceeds of $490,623 from the exercise of options and warrants. As of June 30,
2015 the Company had working capital (total current assets less total current
liabilities) of $8,531,831 and total shareholder&#146;s equity of $11,001,058.
</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>11 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Company expects to use
its cash to fund its research and development of SPD light valves, its expanded
marketing initiatives, and for other working capital purposes. The Company&#146;s
working capital and capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including
the results of research and development activities, competitive and
technological developments, the timing and cost of patent filings, the
development of new licensees and changes in the Company&#146;s relationships with its
existing licensees. The degree of dependence of the Company&#146;s working capital
requirements on each of the foregoing factors cannot be quantified; increased
research and development activities and related costs would increase such
requirements; the addition of new licensees may provide additional working
capital or working capital requirements, and changes in relationships
with existing licensees would have a favorable or negative impact depending upon
the nature of such changes. Based upon existing levels of cash expenditures,
existing cash reserves and budgeted revenues, the Company believes that it would
not require additional funding for the foreseeable future. There can be no
assurances that expenditures will not exceed the anticipated amounts or that
additional financing, if required, will be available when needed or, if
available, that its terms will be favorable or acceptable to the Company.
Eventual success of the Company and generation of positive cash flow will be
dependent upon the extent of commercialization of products using the Company&#146;s
technology by the Company&#146;s licensees and payments of continuing royalties on
account thereof. To date the Company has not generated sufficient revenue from
licensees to fully fund its operations.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Item 3. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</FONT></U></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The information required by
Item 3 has been disclosed in Item 7A of the Company&#146;s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2014. There has been no material change in the
disclosure regarding market risk.</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>12 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Item 4. Controls and
Procedures</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Evaluation of Disclosure
Controls and Procedures </FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Our disclosure controls and
procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, are
designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that
we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. We
designed our disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information
required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the
Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our
principal executive and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure. Our chief executive officer and chief financial
officer, with assistance from other members of our management, have reviewed the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2015,
and, based on their evaluation, have concluded that our disclosure controls and
procedures were effective. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Changes in Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting </FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>There were no changes in
our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the six months ended June 30, 2015 that
have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our
internal control over financial reporting. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><B><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Forward-Looking
Statements</FONT></U></B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The information set forth
in this Report and in all publicly disseminated information about the Company,
including the narrative contained in &#147;Management&#146;s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#148; above, includes &#147;forward-looking
statements&#148; within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, and is subject to the safe harbor created by that section.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking
statements as they speak only as of the date hereof and are not guaranteed.
</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>PART II.</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>OTHER INFORMATION</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>
</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Item 6.
Exhibits</FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
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  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>31.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top align=left width="98%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Rule
      13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Joseph M. Harary - Filed
      herewith.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>31.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top align=left width="98%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Rule
      13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Seth L. Van Voorhees - Filed
      herewith.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>32.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top align=left width="98%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Section 1350
      Certification of Joseph M. Harary - Filed herewith.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>32.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD vAlign=top align=left width="98%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Section 1350
      Certification of Seth L. Van Voorhees - Filed
  herewith.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>13 </FONT></P>
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<DIV style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"></DIV><BR>
<P align=center><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>SIGNATURES
</FONT></B></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" STYLE="text-indent: 15pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Pursuant to the
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunder duly
authorized. </FONT></P>
<DIV align=right>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV align=right>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="45%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="100%"><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED</FONT></U></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="100%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Registrant)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="100%">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>
<DIV align=right>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="45%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="100%"><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>/s/ Joseph M. Harary</FONT></U></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="100%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Joseph M. Harary,
      President, CEO and Treasurer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="100%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Principal
      Executive)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="100%">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>
<DIV align=right>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="45%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="99%"><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>/s/ Seth L. Van Voorhees</FONT></U></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="99%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Seth L. Van
      Voorhees, Vice President, CFO and Treasurer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="99%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>(Principal
      Financial and Accounting Officer)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Date: August 4, 2015 </font></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>14 </FONT></P>
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<TYPE>EX-31.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>exhibit31-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATION OF JOSEPH M. HARARY
<TEXT>
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<BR>
<P align=justify><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>EXHIBIT
31.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CERTIFICATION</FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>I, </FONT><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Joseph M. Harary,</FONT></B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>certify that:</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1. I have reviewed this
quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Research Frontiers Incorporated (the
&#147;registrant&#148;);</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2. Based on my knowledge,
this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect
to the period covered by this report;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>3. Based on my knowledge,
the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included
in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>4. The registrant's other
certifying officer&#146;s and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and
have:</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>a) Designed such disclosure
controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to
the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by
others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this
report is being prepared;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>b) Designed such internal
control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>c) Evaluated the
effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and
presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this
report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>d) Disclosed in this report
any change in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the registrant&#146;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&#146;s
fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&#146;s
internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5. The registrant's other
certifying officer&#146;s and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation
of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and
the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>a) All significant deficiencies and
material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over
financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial
information; and</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>b) Any fraud, whether or
not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Dated: August 4,
      2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>/s/ Joseph M.
Harary</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="97%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Joseph M.
      Harary</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>President, Chief
      Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>15 </FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">



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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>exhibit31-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATION OF SETH L. VAN VOORHEES
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<BR>
<P align=justify><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>EXHIBIT
31.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CERTIFICATION</FONT></B><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></B></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>I, </FONT><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Seth L. Van Voorhees,</FONT></B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> certify that:</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1. I have reviewed this
quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Research Frontiers Incorporated (the
&#147;registrant&#148;);</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2. Based on my knowledge,
this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect
to the period covered by this report;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>3. Based on my knowledge,
the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included
in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>4. The registrant's other
certifying officer&#146;s and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and
have:</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>a) Designed such disclosure
controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to
the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by
others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this
report is being prepared;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>b) Designed such internal
control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles;</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>c) Evaluated the
effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and
presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this
report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>d) Disclosed in this report
any change in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the registrant&#146;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&#146;s
fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&#146;s
internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5. The registrant's other
certifying officer&#146;s and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation
of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and
the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>a) All significant
deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect
the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial
information; and</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>b) Any fraud, whether or
not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Dated: August 4,
      2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" noWrap align=left width="1%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>/s/ Seth L. Van
      Voorhees</FONT></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="97%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Seth
      L. Van Voorhees</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Vice
      President, Chief Financial Officer,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR vAlign=bottom>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="1%"></TD>
    <TD noWrap align=left width="98%" colSpan=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Treasurer and Principal Accounting
  Officer</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>16</FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">



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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>exhibit32-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF JOSEPH M. HARARY
<TEXT>
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<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<BR>
<P align=justify><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>EXHIBIT
32.1</FONT></B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
<BR>18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,<BR>AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO <BR></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" STYLE="text-indent: 15pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>In connection with the
Quarterly Report of Research Frontiers Incorporated (the &#147;Company&#148;) on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Joseph M. Harary, President and
Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer of the Company, certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:</FONT></P>
<TABLE style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0>

  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Report fully
      complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable,
      of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=2><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The information
      contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the
      financial condition and results of operations of the
  Company.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>/s/ Joseph M.
Harary<BR></FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Joseph M. Harary
<BR></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>President, Chief Executive
Officer and Principal Executive Officer<BR>August 4, 2015 </FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>17</FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">



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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>exhibit32-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF SETH L. VAN VOORHEES
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<BR>
<P align=justify><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>EXHIBIT
32.2</FONT></B></P>
<P STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>CERTIFICATION PURSUANT
TO<BR>18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,<BR>AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO <BR></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" STYLE="text-indent: 15pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>In connection with the
Quarterly Report of Research Frontiers Incorporated (the &#147;Company&#148;) on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Seth L. Van Voorhees, Vice
President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer
of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: </FONT></P>
<TABLE style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0>

  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The Report fully
      complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable,
      of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=2><FONT size=2 face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=top noWrap><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>The information
      contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the
      financial condition and results of operations of the
  Company.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P align=justify><U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>/s/ Seth L. Van
Voorhees<BR></FONT></U><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Seth L. Van
Voorhees<BR></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer,<BR>Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer<BR>August 4, 2015
</FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2></FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>18</FONT></P>
<HR align=center width="100%" noShade size="2">

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&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (&amp;#147;GAAP&amp;#148;) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to Research Frontiers Incorporated (the &amp;#147;Company&amp;#148;) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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  <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1 id="Tag105" contextRef="D2014_RestrictedStockMember_1">P6M</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1>
  <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock id="Tag106" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;During the quarter ended September 30, 2014, it was noted that the Company was applying the expected term of warrants granted in 2009 to certain consultants, rather than the contractual term, which is required by GAAP. The result of using &lt;font style="background-color: transparent;"&gt;contractual&lt;/font&gt; terms of the warrants was an increase to previously reported consultant compensation charges included in Operating Expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations. The impact of this change to the prior period is not considered material to the period presented. As a consequence, the Company revised its financial presentation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 in which consultant compensation charges have been increased by $&lt;font&gt;124,747&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;and $&lt;font&gt;145,669&lt;/font&gt;, respectively. This adjustment had no impact on the Company's use of cash or cash flow.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;GAAP requires that all stock-based compensation be recognized as an expense in the financial statements and that such costs be measured at the fair value of the award.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;The Company has granted options/warrants to consultants. These awards generally vest ratably over &lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; to &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;60&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; months&lt;/font&gt; from the date of grant and the Company charges to operations quarterly the current market value of the options using the Black-Scholes method. During the&amp;#160;six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, a charge of &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;10,007&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;and $&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;65,780&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;, respectively, and during the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, $&lt;font&gt;0&lt;/font&gt; and $&lt;font&gt;124,167&lt;/font&gt;, respectively was recorded to operations reflecting the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes method with the following weighted average assumptions:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class="CursorPointer"&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="line-height: 14pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt;  &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: #000000 1pt solid; font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" style="text-align: center; font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: #000000 1pt solid; font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2014&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td width="100%" nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 9pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td width="100%" nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Option Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td width="100%" nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;65&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 9pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;58&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/table&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;"&gt;The Company did not grant any stock options to employees and directors during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;"&gt;In connection with the restricted stock grants to employees and directors, the Company charged &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;57,967&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;and $&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;131,644&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; to operations during the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively and $&lt;font&gt;115,923&lt;/font&gt; and $&lt;font&gt;263,287&lt;/font&gt; was charged to operations during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of June 30, 2015, remaining unamortized compensation costs in connection with these restricted stock grants was &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;116,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; which&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;will be recognized over the next &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;month pe&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;"&gt;riod.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1 id="Tag107" contextRef="D2014_6M_MinimumMember_ConsultantMember">P12M</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1 id="Tag108" contextRef="D2014_6M_ConsultantMember_MaximumMember">P60M</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation id="Tag109" contextRef="C892418" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">124747</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierTextBlock id="Tag110" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt; &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="line-height: 14pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt;  &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: #000000 1pt solid; font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" style="text-align: center; font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: #000000 1pt solid; font-family: 'times new roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2014&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td width="100%" nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 9pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td width="100%" nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Option Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt; &lt;td width="100%" nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;65&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 9pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;58&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/table&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:NatureOfOperations id="Tag111" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Business&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Research Frontiers Incorporated (&amp;#147;Research Frontiers&amp;#148; or the &amp;#147;Company&amp;#148;) operates in a single business segment which is engaged in the development and marketing of technology and devices to control the flow of light. Such devices, often referred to as &amp;#147;light valves&amp;#148; or suspended particle devices (SPDs), use colloidal particles that are either incorporated within a liquid suspension or a film, which is usually enclosed between two sheets of glass or plastic having transparent, electrically conductive coatings on the facing surfaces thereof. At least one of the two sheets is transparent. SPD technology, made possible by a flexible light-control film invented by Research Frontiers, allows the user to instantly and precisely control the shading of glass/plastic manually or automatically. SPD technology has numerous product applications, including: SPD-Smart&amp;#153; windows, sunshades, skylights and interior partitions for homes and buildings; automotive windows; sunroofs, sun-visors, sunshades, rear-view mirrors, instrument panels and navigation systems; aircraft windows; eyewear products; frames, cases and partitions protecting light-sensitive artwork, documents and artifacts; and flat panel displays for electronic products. SPD-Smart light control film is now being developed for, or used in, architectural, automotive, marine, aerospace and appliance applications.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;The Company has historically utilized its cash and the proceeds from the sale of its investments to fund its research and development of SPD light valves, for marketing initiatives, and for other working capital purposes. The Company's working capital and capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including the results of research and development activities, competitive and technological developments, the timing and cost of patent filings, and the development of new licensees and changes in the Company's relationships with its existing licensees. The degree of dependence of the Company's working capital requirements on each of the forgoing factors cannot be quantified; increased research and development activities and related costs would increase such requirements; the addition of new licensees may provide additional working capital or working capital requirements, and changes in relationships with existing licensees would have a favorable or negative impact depending on the nature of such changes. There can be no assurance that expenditures will not exceed the anticipated amounts or that additional financing, if required, will be available when needed or, if available, that's its terms will be favorable or acceptable to the Company. Eventual success of the Company and generation of positive cash flow will be dependent upon the commercialization of products using the Company's technology by the Company's licensees and payments of continuing royalties on account thereof. To date, the Company has not generated sufficient revenue from its licensees to fully fund its operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:NatureOfOperations>
  <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock id="Tag112" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Patent Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company expenses costs relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of the recoverability of these items.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
  <dei:DocumentType id="Tag113" contextRef="D2014">10-Q</dei:DocumentType>
  <dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate id="Tag114" contextRef="D2014">--12-31</dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate>
  <us-gaap:Revenues id="Tag115" contextRef="C833986" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">803494</us-gaap:Revenues>
  <us-gaap:Revenues id="Tag116" contextRef="C833987" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">395619</us-gaap:Revenues>
  <us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense id="Tag117" contextRef="C833986" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">961727</us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
  <us-gaap:DeferredRevenueDisclosureTextBlock id="Tag118" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company has entered into a number of license agreements covering its light-control technology. The Company receives minimum annual royalties under certain license agreements and records fee income on a ratable basis each quarter. In instances when sales of licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual royalties, the Company recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned. Certain of the fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which they are earned resulting in deferred revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized into income in future periods as earned.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DeferredRevenueDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 id="Tag119" contextRef="D2014_SalesMember_LicenseeOneMember" unitRef="Pure" decimals="2">0.30</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
  <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 id="Tag120" contextRef="D2013_SalesMember_LicenseeOneMember" unitRef="Pure" decimals="2">0.41</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
  <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 id="Tag121" contextRef="D2013_SalesMember_LicenseeTwoMember" unitRef="Pure" decimals="2">0.10</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
  <refr:FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock id="Tag122" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Fee Income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Fee income represents amounts earned by the Company under various license and other agreements relating to technology developed by the Company. During the first six months of 2015, two licensees accounted for 10% or more of fee income of the Company; these licensees accounted for approximately &lt;font&gt;30&lt;/font&gt;%&amp;#160;and &lt;font&gt;14&lt;/font&gt;%, respectively of fee income recognized during this period. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2015, approximately &lt;font&gt;23&lt;/font&gt;% of revenues related to fees generated by a large architectural glass project. During the first six months of 2014, two licensees accounted for 10% or more of fee income of the Company; these licensees accounted for approximately &lt;font&gt;41&lt;/font&gt;% and &lt;font&gt;10&lt;/font&gt;%, respectively of fee income recognized during such period.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</refr:FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 id="Tag123" contextRef="D2014_SalesMember_LicenseeTwoMember" unitRef="Pure" decimals="2">0.14</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
  <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock id="Tag124" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style=" text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style=" font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style=" font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style=" font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Since inception, the Company has incurred losses from operations and as a result has not recorded income tax expense. Benefits related to net operating loss carryforwards and deferred items have been fully reserved since it was not more likely than not that the Company would achieve profitable operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock id="Tag125" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Equity&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In May 2014, under an existing shelf registration statement, the Company sold &lt;font&gt;750,000&lt;/font&gt; shares of common stock to a current institutional shareholder, Kevin Douglas and his related parties. Net proceeds from the offering were $&lt;font&gt;3,278,250&lt;/font&gt; which the Company has used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Company did not sell any additional equity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2014.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;"&gt;The Company received proceeds of $&lt;font&gt;490,623&lt;/font&gt; and $&lt;font&gt;304,788&lt;/font&gt; during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in connection with stock issued by the exercise of options and warrants.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense id="Tag126" contextRef="C833987" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1196445</us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
  <us-gaap:TreasuryStockTextBlock id="Tag127" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Treasury Stock&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company did not repurchase any of its stock during the&amp;#160;six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:TreasuryStockTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedUnderlyingFaceAmountAtMarketValue id="Tag128" contextRef="I2014_CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1501554</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedUnderlyingFaceAmountAtMarketValue>
  <us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent id="Tag129" contextRef="I2014_CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1503790</us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent>
  <us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedUnderlyingFaceAmountAtMarketValue id="Tag130" contextRef="I2014_CertificateOfDepositsFourMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1503525</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedUnderlyingFaceAmountAtMarketValue>
  <us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent id="Tag131" contextRef="I2014_CertificateOfDepositsFourMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1508604</us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent>
  <us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent id="Tag132" contextRef="I2014_CertificatesOfDepositMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">3012394</us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent>
  <us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent id="Tag133" contextRef="I20131231_CertificatesOfDepositMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">3005079</us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent>
  <us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent id="Tag134" contextRef="I20131231_CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1501554</us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent>
  <us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent id="Tag135" contextRef="I20131231_CertificateOfDepositsFourMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1503525</us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent>
  <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock id="Tag136" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Investments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;"&gt;The Company classifies investments in marketable securities as trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity at the time of purchase and periodically re-evaluates such classifications. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses included in earnings. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at cost and are adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts over the life of the related security. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. In determining realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on the investments are accrued at the balance sheet date. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 all investments were classified as held to maturity and consisted of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="CursorPointer"&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block;"&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; line-height: 14pt; border-collapse: collapse;"&gt;

&lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;June 30, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;December 31, 2014&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Certificates of Deposit&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;Maturity&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;Value of Held to Maturity Investment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;Value of Held to Maturity Investment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;Investment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;(based on cost)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;(based on cost)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr valign="bottom" style="background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;1,501,554&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;August 27, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt; 1,503,790 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0px; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="vertical-align: bottom; margin: 0px; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;1,501,554&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;1,503,525&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;August 27, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt; 1,508,604 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="vertical-align: bottom; margin: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;1,503,525&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr valign="bottom" style="background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 8px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt; 3,012,394 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 8px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;3,005,079&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
  <invest:InvestmentMaturityDate1 id="Tag137" contextRef="D2014_6M_CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember">2015-08-27</invest:InvestmentMaturityDate1>
  <invest:InvestmentMaturityDate1 id="Tag138" contextRef="D2014_6M_CertificateOfDepositsFourMember">2016-08-27</invest:InvestmentMaturityDate1>
  <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense id="Tag139" contextRef="C833986" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">334518</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
  <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense id="Tag140" contextRef="C833987" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">349627</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
  <us-gaap:HeldToMaturitySecuritiesTextBlock id="Tag141" contextRef="D2014">&lt;div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block;"&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; line-height: 14pt; border-collapse: collapse;"&gt;

&lt;tr valign="bottom"&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;June 30, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;(based on cost)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;August 27, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font&gt; 1,508,604 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 8px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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        <link:definition>103 - Disclosure - Patent Costs</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-RevenueRecognition" id="Disclosure-RevenueRecognition">
        <link:definition>104 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FeeIncome" id="Disclosure-FeeIncome">
        <link:definition>105 - Disclosure - Fee Income</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensation" id="Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensation">
        <link:definition>107 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-IncomeTaxes" id="Disclosure-IncomeTaxes">
        <link:definition>108 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Equity" id="Disclosure-Equity">
        <link:definition>109 - Disclosure - Equity</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-TreasuryStock" id="Disclosure-TreasuryStock">
        <link:definition>110 - Disclosure - Treasury Stock</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Investments" id="Disclosure-Investments">
        <link:definition>111 - Disclosure - Investments</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FairValueMeasurements" id="Disclosure-FairValueMeasurements">
        <link:definition>113 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationTables" id="Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationTables">
        <link:definition>307 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-EquityTables" id="Disclosure-EquityTables">
        <link:definition>309 - Disclosure - Equity (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-InvestmentsTables" id="Disclosure-InvestmentsTables">
        <link:definition>311 - Disclosure - Investments (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FeeIncomeDetails" id="Disclosure-FeeIncomeDetails">
        <link:definition>40501 - Disclosure - Fee Income (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationScheduleofAssumptionsUsedtoValueOptionsGrantedtoConsultantsDetails" id="Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationScheduleofAssumptionsUsedtoValueOptionsGrantedtoConsultantsDetails">
        <link:definition>40701 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Schedule of Assumptions Used to Value Options Granted to Consultants) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationScheduleofAssumptionsUsedtoValueOptionsGrantedtoEmployeesDetails" id="Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationScheduleofAssumptionsUsedtoValueOptionsGrantedtoEmployeesDetails">
        <link:definition>40702 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Schedule of Assumptions Used to Value Options Granted to Employees) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" id="Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>40703 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Narrative) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-IncomeTaxesDetails" id="Disclosure-IncomeTaxesDetails">
        <link:definition>40801 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-EquityDetails" id="Disclosure-EquityDetails">
        <link:definition>40901 - Disclosure - Equity (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-InvestmentsDetails" id="Disclosure-InvestmentsDetails">
        <link:definition>41101 - Disclosure - Investments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FairValueMeasurementsDetails" id="Disclosure-FairValueMeasurementsDetails">
        <link:definition>41301 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation" id="DocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>0000 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-RevisiontoStock-BasedCompensationtoConsultants" id="Disclosure-RevisiontoStock-BasedCompensationtoConsultants">
        <link:definition>106 - Disclosure - Revision to Stock-Based Compensation to Consultants</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref-2006-02-27.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/XLink" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xl-2003-12-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013/invest-2013-01-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2015-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:element name="BusinessAbstract" id="refr_BusinessAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CertificateOfDepositsFiveMember" id="refr_CertificateOfDepositsFiveMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CertificateOfDepositsFourMember" id="refr_CertificateOfDepositsFourMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CertificateOfDepositsOneMember" id="refr_CertificateOfDepositsOneMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember" id="refr_CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CertificateOfDepositsTwoMember" id="refr_CertificateOfDepositsTwoMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ConsultantMember" id="refr_ConsultantMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" id="refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="EmployeesMember" id="refr_EmployeesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="FeeIncomeAbstract" id="refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" id="refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="LicenseeFourMember" id="refr_LicenseeFourMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="LicenseeOneMember" id="refr_LicenseeOneMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="LicenseeThreeMember" id="refr_LicenseeThreeMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="LicenseeTwoMember" id="refr_LicenseeTwoMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="VestingImmediatelyMember" id="refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="VestingRatablyMember" id="refr_VestingRatablyMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" id="refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" id="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
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  <xsd:element name="StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" id="refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="MilanExpoMember" id="refr_MilanExpoMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
</xsd:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>refr-20150630_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!--Created by DG3, Powered by IRIS Carbon-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xl="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/XLink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#DocumentAndEntityInformation" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FeeIncome" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-FeeIncome" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FeeIncomeDetails" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-FeeIncomeDetails" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-InvestmentsDetails" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-InvestmentsDetails" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-RevisiontoStock-BasedCompensationtoConsultants" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-RevisiontoStock-BasedCompensationtoConsultants" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/refr-csocf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr-csocf" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/refr-cbs" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr-cbs" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensation" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensation" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationScheduleofAssumptionsUsedtoValueOptionsGrantedtoEmployeesDetails" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationScheduleofAssumptionsUsedtoValueOptionsGrantedtoEmployeesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationTables" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-Stock-BasedCompensationTables" />
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  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FairValueMeasurementsDetails" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-FairValueMeasurementsDetails" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-FairValueMeasurements" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-FairValueMeasurements" />
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  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/refr-csoo" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr-csoo" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-IncomeTaxesDetails" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-IncomeTaxesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-IncomeTaxes" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-IncomeTaxes" />
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  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Investments" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-Investments" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-BasisofPresentation" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-BasisofPresentation" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-RevenueRecognition" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-RevenueRecognition" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/refr-cbsp" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr-cbsp" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-EquityDetails" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-EquityDetails" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-EquityTables" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-EquityTables" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Equity" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-Equity" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-TreasuryStock" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#Disclosure-TreasuryStock" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" />
  <link:presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/Disclosure-Business">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_BusinessAbstract" xlink:label="refr_BusinessAbstract" xlink:title="refr_BusinessAbstract" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:title="us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="refr_BusinessAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:title="Presentation : refr_BusinessAbstract to us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" order="0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
  </link:presentationLink>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.SmartGlass.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:label="refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:title="refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="Presentation : refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract to dei_AmendmentFlag" order="50" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:title="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:title="Presentation : refr_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract to dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" order="60" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>refr-20150630_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
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<!--Created by DG3, Powered by IRIS Carbon-->
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_EmployeesMember" xlink:to="label_refr_EmployeesMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_EmployeesMember to label_refr_EmployeesMember" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" xlink:label="refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" xlink:title="refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_FeeIncomeAbstract">Fee Income [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="label_refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" xlink:title="Label : refr_FeeIncomeAbstract to label_refr_FeeIncomeAbstract" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:title="refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock">Fee Income Disclosure [Text Block].</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:title="Label : refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock to label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_1">Fee Income Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock to label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_2" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_2">Fee Income</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_2" xlink:title="Label : refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock to label_refr_FeeIncomeDisclosureTextBlock_2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_AmendmentFlag" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_AmendmentFlag">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="label_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="Label : dei_AmendmentFlag to label_dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_LicenseeFourMember" xlink:label="refr_LicenseeFourMember" xlink:title="refr_LicenseeFourMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_LicenseeFourMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_LicenseeFourMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_LicenseeFourMember">Licensee Four [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_LicenseeFourMember" xlink:to="label_refr_LicenseeFourMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_LicenseeFourMember to label_refr_LicenseeFourMember" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_LicenseeOneMember" xlink:label="refr_LicenseeOneMember" xlink:title="refr_LicenseeOneMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_LicenseeOneMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_LicenseeOneMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_LicenseeOneMember">Licensee One [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_LicenseeOneMember" xlink:to="label_refr_LicenseeOneMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_LicenseeOneMember to label_refr_LicenseeOneMember" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_LicenseeThreeMember" xlink:label="refr_LicenseeThreeMember" xlink:title="refr_LicenseeThreeMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_LicenseeThreeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_LicenseeThreeMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_LicenseeThreeMember">Licensee Three [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_LicenseeThreeMember" xlink:to="label_refr_LicenseeThreeMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_LicenseeThreeMember to label_refr_LicenseeThreeMember" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013/invest-2013-01-31.xsd#invest_InvestmentAxis" xlink:label="invest_InvestmentAxis" xlink:title="invest_InvestmentAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_invest_InvestmentAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_invest_InvestmentAxis" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_invest_InvestmentAxis">Investment [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="invest_InvestmentAxis" xlink:to="label_invest_InvestmentAxis" xlink:title="Label : invest_InvestmentAxis to label_invest_InvestmentAxis" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_LicenseeTwoMember" xlink:label="refr_LicenseeTwoMember" xlink:title="refr_LicenseeTwoMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_LicenseeTwoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_LicenseeTwoMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_LicenseeTwoMember">Licensee Two [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_LicenseeTwoMember" xlink:to="label_refr_LicenseeTwoMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_LicenseeTwoMember to label_refr_LicenseeTwoMember" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013/invest-2013-01-31.xsd#invest_InvestmentDomain" xlink:label="invest_InvestmentDomain" xlink:title="invest_InvestmentDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_invest_InvestmentDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_invest_InvestmentDomain" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_invest_InvestmentDomain">Investment [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="invest_InvestmentDomain" xlink:to="label_invest_InvestmentDomain" xlink:title="Label : invest_InvestmentDomain to label_invest_InvestmentDomain" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" xlink:label="refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" xlink:title="refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember">Vesting Immediately [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" xlink:to="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_VestingImmediatelyMember to label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember_1">Vesting Immediately [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_VestingImmediatelyMember" xlink:to="label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_VestingImmediatelyMember to label_refr_VestingImmediatelyMember_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_VestingRatablyMember" xlink:label="refr_VestingRatablyMember" xlink:title="refr_VestingRatablyMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember">Vesting Ratably [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_VestingRatablyMember" xlink:to="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_VestingRatablyMember to label_refr_VestingRatablyMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember_1">Vesting Ratably [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_VestingRatablyMember" xlink:to="label_refr_VestingRatablyMember_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_VestingRatablyMember to label_refr_VestingRatablyMember_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xlink:label="refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xlink:title="refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod">Warrants issued to investors during period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xlink:to="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xlink:title="Label : refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod to label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_1">Warrants Issued To Investors During Period</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xlink:to="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod to label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_2" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_2">Warrants issued</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod" xlink:to="label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_2" xlink:title="Label : refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod to label_refr_WarrantsIssuedToInvestorsDuringPeriod_2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" xlink:label="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" xlink:title="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember">Certificate of Deposits Six [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" xlink:to="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember to label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember_1">Certificate of Deposits Six [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember" xlink:to="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember to label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSixMember_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" xlink:label="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" xlink:title="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember">Certificate of Deposits Seven [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" xlink:to="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember to label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember_1">Certificate of Deposits Seven [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember" xlink:to="label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember to label_refr_CertificateOfDepositsSevenMember_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" xlink:label="refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" xlink:title="refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember">Stock Based Compensation Assumptions [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" xlink:to="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember to label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember_1">Stock Based Compensation Assumptions [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember" xlink:to="label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember to label_refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="refr-20150630.xsd#refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:label="refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:title="refr_MilanExpoMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="label_refr_MilanExpoMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_MilanExpoMember">Milan Expo [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:to="label_refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:title="Label : refr_MilanExpoMember to label_refr_MilanExpoMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_1">Milan Expo [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:to="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_1" xlink:title="Label : refr_MilanExpoMember to label_refr_MilanExpoMember_1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_2" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_2">Milan 2015 Expo [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:to="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_2" xlink:title="Label : refr_MilanExpoMember to label_refr_MilanExpoMember_2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_3" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_3">Large Architectural Glass Project [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="refr_MilanExpoMember" xlink:to="label_refr_MilanExpoMember_3" xlink:title="Label : refr_MilanExpoMember to label_refr_MilanExpoMember_3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:title="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="label_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:title="Label : dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate to label_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013/invest-2013-01-31.xsd#invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" xlink:label="invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" xlink:title="invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1">Investment Maturity Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" xlink:to="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" xlink:title="Label : invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1 to label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1_1">Maturity Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1" xlink:to="label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1_1" xlink:title="Label : invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1 to label_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1_1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">Document Period End Date</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_EntityFilerCategory">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_EntityRegistrantName">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:title="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:title="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsTextBlock" xlink:title="us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsTextBlock" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_dei_DocumentType" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_dei_DocumentType">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="label_dei_DocumentType" xlink:title="Label : dei_DocumentType to label_dei_DocumentType" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:title="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">Accounts Payable, Current</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_1">Accounts payable</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:title="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_1">Royalty receivables, net of reserves of $305,171 in 2015 and 2014</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:title="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">Common Stock, Shares, Issued</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued to label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_1">Common stock, shares issued</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized to label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare to label_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding to label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_1">Common stock, shares outstanding</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding to label_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain to label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1">Concentration Risk, Percentage</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 to label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_1">Percentage of fee income</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 to label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis to label_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueDisclosureTextBlock_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_DeferredRevenueDisclosureTextBlock to label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent">Deferred Revenue, Current</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_1">Deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent to label_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DirectorMember" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_DirectorMember" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_DirectorMember to label_us-gaap_DirectorMember" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_LicensesRevenue_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_LicensesRevenue_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_LicensesRevenue_1">Fee income</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_1">Long-term investments</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent">Marketable Securities, Current</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_1">Short term investments</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent to label_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MaximumMember" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_MaximumMember" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_MaximumMember to label_us-gaap_MaximumMember" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinimumMember" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_MinimumMember" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_MinimumMember to label_us-gaap_MinimumMember" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised to label_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis">Products and Services [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis to label_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:title="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems to label_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_ProfessionalFees_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_ProfessionalFees_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_ProfessionalFees_1">Professional fees</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">Property, Plant and Equipment, Net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet to label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_1">Fixed assets, net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet to label_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">Provision for Doubtful Accounts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts to label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_1">Bad debts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts to label_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RangeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeMember" xlink:title="us-gaap_RangeMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_RangeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_RangeMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_RangeMember">Range [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RangeMember" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_RangeMember" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_RangeMember to label_us-gaap_RangeMember" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RangeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeAxis" xlink:title="us-gaap_RangeAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_RangeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_RangeAxis" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_RangeAxis">Range [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RangeAxis" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_RangeAxis" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_RangeAxis to label_us-gaap_RangeAxis" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense to label_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_1" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_1">Research and development</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense to label_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember">Restatement Adjustment [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember to label_us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember to label_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit to label_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionAbstract" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionAbstract" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionAbstract to label_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionAbstract" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_Revenues_1" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_Revenues to label_us-gaap_Revenues_1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:to="label_us-gaap_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:title="Label : us-gaap_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain to label_us-gaap_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract">Equity [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:title="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">Stockholders' Equity Attributable To Parent</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2015/elts/us-gaap-2015-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:title="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="label_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="label_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xml:lang="en-US" id="label_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain">Relationship to Entity [Domain]</link:label>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>refr-20150630_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<!--Created by DG3, Powered by IRIS Carbon-->
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';">
<p align="justify"><font style="text-decoration: underline;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Revenue Recognition</font></font><font style="font-size: 10pt;"></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">The Company has entered into a number of license agreements covering its light-control technology. The Company receives minimum annual royalties under certain license agreements and records fee income on a ratable basis each quarter. In instances when sales of licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual royalties, the Company recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned. Certain of the fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which they are earned resulting in deferred revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized into income in future periods as earned.</font><br/></p>
</div><span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for deferred revenues at the end of the reporting period, and description and amounts of significant changes that occurred during the reporting period. Deferred revenue is a liability as of the balance sheet date related to a revenue producing activity for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Generally, an entity records deferred revenue when it receives consideration from a customer before achieving certain criteria that must be met for revenue to be recognized in conformity with GAAP.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 605<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 13.A.3(b).Q1(c),(b).Q2,(c).Q3)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012821&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 8<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (b)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)<br><br><br><br> -Number Topic 13<br><br><br><br> -Section A<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredRevenueDisclosureTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798679203264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Patent Costs<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Patent Costs [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Patent Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';">
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<p align="justify"><font style="text-decoration: underline;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Patent Costs</font></font><font style="font-size: 10pt;"></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">The Company expenses costs relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of the recoverability of these items.</font></p>
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</div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 350<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 30<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26713463&amp;loc=d3e16265-109275<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 350<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 30<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26713463&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 350<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 30<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 3<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26713463&amp;loc=d3e16373-109275<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798492549088">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,594,919<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,569,537<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Short term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,503,790<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,501,554<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Royalty receivables, net of reserves of $305,171 in 2015 and 2014</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,727,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,175,218<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">94,656<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">121,252<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,920,647<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,367,561<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Fixed assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">927,056<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">660,201<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,508,604<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,503,525<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Deposits and other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">33,567<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,567<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,389,874<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,564,854<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">159,312<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other</a></td>
<td class="nump">265,704<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 323,372<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">388,816<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 482,684<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding 24,030,846 and 23,924,465 shares for 2015 and 2014</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,403<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,392<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">110,827,022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">110,210,480<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(99,828,367)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(98,130,702)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,001,058<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,082,170<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,389,874<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,564,854<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from customers or clients, within one year of the balance sheet date (or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer), for goods or services (including trade receivables) that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business, reduced to the estimated net realizable fair value by an allowance established by the entity of the amount it deems uncertain of collection.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.3-4)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 3<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph a(1)<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 4<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.30(a)(1))<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 31<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.18)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 03<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 12<br><br><br><br> -Article 7<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.9)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 3<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6801-107765<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Cash<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 4<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 30<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amount of consideration received or receivable as of the balance sheet date on potential earnings that were not recognized as revenue in conformity with GAAP, and which are expected to be recognized as such within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, including sales, license fees, and royalties, but excluding interest income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 8<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (b)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 605<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 13.A.4(a).Q1)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012821&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)<br><br><br><br> -Number Topic 13<br><br><br><br> -Section A<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.32)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 03<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 25<br><br><br><br> -Article 7<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.12)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investments in debt and equity securities, including, but not limited to, held-to-maturity, trading and available-for-sale expected to be converted to cash, sold or exchanged within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (f)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49167202&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.2)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate carrying amount, as of the balance sheet date, of noncurrent assets not separately disclosed in the balance sheet. Noncurrent assets are expected to be realized or consumed after one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 8<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 360<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 13<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph a<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 03<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 8<br><br><br><br> -Article 7<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.31(a)(3))<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 04<br><br><br><br> -Article 3<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 310<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.E)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)<br><br><br><br> -Number Topic 4<br><br><br><br> -Section E<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798721911248">
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<p align="justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (&#147;GAAP&#148;) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to Research Frontiers Incorporated (the &#147;Company&#148;) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.</font></p>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798507959952">
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<th class="th"><div>May. 31, 2014</div></th>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798492909472">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798678173456">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_refr_BusinessAbstract', window );"><strong>Business [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations', window );">Business</a></td>
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<p align="justify"><font style="text-decoration: underline;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Business</font></font><font style="font-size: 10pt;"></font></p>
<p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><font size="2">Research Frontiers Incorporated (&#147;Research Frontiers&#148; or the &#147;Company&#148;) operates in a single business segment which is engaged in the development and marketing of technology and devices to control the flow of light. Such devices, often referred to as &#147;light valves&#148; or suspended particle devices (SPDs), use colloidal particles that are either incorporated within a liquid suspension or a film, which is usually enclosed between two sheets of glass or plastic having transparent, electrically conductive coatings on the facing surfaces thereof. At least one of the two sheets is transparent. SPD technology, made possible by a flexible light-control film invented by Research Frontiers, allows the user to instantly and precisely control the shading of glass/plastic manually or automatically. SPD technology has numerous product applications, including: SPD-Smart&#153; windows, sunshades, skylights and interior partitions for homes and buildings; automotive windows; sunroofs, sun-visors, sunshades, rear-view mirrors, instrument panels and navigation systems; aircraft windows; eyewear products; frames, cases and partitions protecting light-sensitive artwork, documents and artifacts; and flat panel displays for electronic products. SPD-Smart light control film is now being developed for, or used in, architectural, automotive, marine, aerospace and appliance applications.</font></p>
<p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><font size="2">The Company has historically utilized its cash and the proceeds from the sale of its investments to fund its research and development of SPD light valves, for marketing initiatives, and for other working capital purposes. The Company's working capital and capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including the results of research and development activities, competitive and technological developments, the timing and cost of patent filings, and the development of new licensees and changes in the Company's relationships with its existing licensees. The degree of dependence of the Company's working capital requirements on each of the forgoing factors cannot be quantified; increased research and development activities and related costs would increase such requirements; the addition of new licensees may provide additional working capital or working capital requirements, and changes in relationships with existing licensees would have a favorable or negative impact depending on the nature of such changes. There can be no assurance that expenditures will not exceed the anticipated amounts or that additional financing, if required, will be available when needed or, if available, that's its terms will be favorable or acceptable to the Company. Eventual success of the Company and generation of positive cash flow will be dependent upon the commercialization of products using the Company's technology by the Company's licensees and payments of continuing royalties on account thereof. To date, the Company has not generated sufficient revenue from its licensees to fully fund its operations.</font></p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the nature of an entity's business, major products or services, principal markets including location, and the relative importance of its operations in each business and the basis for the determination, including but not limited to, assets, revenues, or earnings. For an entity that has not commenced principal operations, disclosures about the risks and uncertainties related to the activities in which the entity is currently engaged and an understanding of what those activities are being directed toward.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 275<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51801978&amp;loc=d3e6003-108592<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 275<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2A<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51801978&amp;loc=SL51803626-108592<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798494193856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
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<td class="nump">$ 305,171<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.4)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 310<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 4<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49124121&amp;loc=d3e5074-111524<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 30<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 30<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 30<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 505<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 505<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 02<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 30<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798499137888">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionBySupplierTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Assumptions Used to Value Options Granted to Consultants</a></td>
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border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 9pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px;">&#160;</td> <td style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px;">&#160;</td> <td align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-color: #000000; padding: 0px; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5px;">&#160;</td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: #c0c0c0; 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of each transaction in which an entity acquires goods or services other than employee services in exchange for equity securities of the company, including the purpose of the transaction, identification and quantity of the securities issued, the accounting made, disclosure of amounts by which report lines were affected, and noncash effects on the statement of cash flows.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 4<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5444-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 505<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 50<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51659978&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798494007280">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">(based on cost)</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">(based on cost)</font></font></td>
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<tr valign="bottom" style="background-color: #cccccc;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font>1,501,554</font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">August 27, 2015</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font> 1,503,790 </font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0px; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="vertical-align: bottom; margin: 0px; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><font>1,501,554</font></font></font></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font>1,503,525</font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">August 27, 2016</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font> 1,508,604 </font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="vertical-align: bottom; margin: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><font>1,503,525</font></font></font></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="bottom" style="background-color: #cccccc;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 8px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">$</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font> 3,012,394 </font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 8px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">$</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font>3,005,079</font></font></font></td>
</tr>

</table>
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</div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of all investments in certain debt and equity securities for which the entity has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 6<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27290-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 10<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27405-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 5<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27232-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 942<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 320<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 3<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6957658&amp;loc=d3e62586-112803<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 7<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27337-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 815<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 9<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6435544&amp;loc=d3e41834-113960<br><br><br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 310<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 5<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49124121&amp;loc=d3e5086-111524<br><br><br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 942<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 320<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6957658&amp;loc=d3e62557-112803<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798492570160">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2014</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Operations [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Fee income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 803,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 395,619<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,182,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 703,967<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">961,727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,196,445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,134,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,233,606<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development</a></td>
<td class="nump">334,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">349,627<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">768,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">799,440<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,296,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,546,072<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,903,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,033,046<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(492,751)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,150,453)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,720,345)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,329,079)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Net investment income</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,464<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,595<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,680<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (481,287)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,141,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,697,665)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,311,843)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.02)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.05)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.07)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.10)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted', window );">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,005,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,554,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,975,197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,337,166<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 225<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26872669&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 225<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(b))<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26872669&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 730<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 985<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 20<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 225<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26872669&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798680440096">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<p align="justify"><font style=" text-decoration: underline;"><font style=" font-size: 10pt;">Income Taxes</font></font><font style=" font-size: 10pt;"></font></p>

<p align="justify"><font style=" font-size: 10pt;">Since inception, the Company has incurred losses from operations and as a result has not recorded income tax expense. Benefits related to net operating loss carryforwards and deferred items have been fully reserved since it was not more likely than not that the Company would achieve profitable operations.</font></p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 235<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 740<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 3<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 740<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 15<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32718-109319<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 740<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 9<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 740<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798721911248">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';"> <div> <p align="justify"><font style="text-decoration: underline;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Stock-Based Compensation</font></font></p> <p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><font size="2">During the quarter ended September 30, 2014, it was noted that the Company was applying the expected term of warrants granted in 2009 to certain consultants, rather than the contractual term, which is required by GAAP. The result of using <font style="background-color: transparent;">contractual</font> terms of the warrants was an increase to previously reported consultant compensation charges included in Operating Expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations. The impact of this change to the prior period is not considered material to the period presented. As a consequence, the Company revised its financial presentation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 in which consultant compensation charges have been increased by $<font>124,747</font>&#160;and $<font>145,669</font>, respectively. This adjustment had no impact on the Company's use of cash or cash flow.</font></p> <p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><font size="2">GAAP requires that all stock-based compensation be recognized as an expense in the financial statements and that such costs be measured at the fair value of the award.</font></p> <p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><font size="2">The Company has granted options/warrants to consultants. These awards generally vest ratably over <font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">12</font></font><font style="font-size: 10pt;"> to </font><font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">60</font></font><font style="font-size: 10pt;"> months</font> from the date of grant and the Company charges to operations quarterly the current market value of the options using the Black-Scholes method. 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 40<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6418621&amp;loc=d3e17540-113929<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 505<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 50<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51659978&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 4<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5444-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)<br><br><br><br> -Number Topic 14<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>29
<FILENAME>R23.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798492834624">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_invest_InvestmentAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember', window );">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfHeldToMaturitySecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent', window );">Value of Held to Maturity Investments (based on cost)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,012,394<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,005,079<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_invest_InvestmentAxis=refr_CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember', window );">Certificate Of Deposits Three [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfHeldToMaturitySecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedUnderlyingFaceAmountAtMarketValue', window );">Certificates of Deposit Investment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,501,554<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug. 27,  2015<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent', window );">Value of Held to Maturity Investments (based on cost)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,503,790<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,501,554<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_invest_InvestmentAxis=refr_CertificateOfDepositsFourMember', window );">Certificate Of Deposits Four [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfHeldToMaturitySecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedUnderlyingFaceAmountAtMarketValue', window );">Certificates of Deposit Investment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,503,525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug. 27,  2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent', window );">Value of Held to Maturity Investments (based on cost)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,508,604<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,503,525<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maturity date of the investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Article 12<br><br><br><br> -Section 12<br><br><br><br> -Sentence Column A<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">invest_InvestmentMaturityDate1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>invest_</td>
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<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after other than temporary impairment (OTTI) accretion, of investments in debt securities classified as held-to-maturity, expected to be converted to cash, sold or exchanged within one year or the normal operating cycle.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49167202&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 25<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (c)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51813488&amp;loc=d3e22054-111558<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_HeldToMaturitySecuritiesCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Nominal or face amount on the investment owned.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Underlying<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6527499<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 815<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 10<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6431724&amp;loc=d3e32938-113948<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 815<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 20<br><br><br><br> -Section 10<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6438156&amp;loc=d3e57880-113973<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedUnderlyingFaceAmountAtMarketValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
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<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">invest_InvestmentAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">invest_InvestmentAxis=refr_CertificateOfDepositsThreeMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">invest_InvestmentAxis=refr_CertificateOfDepositsFourMember</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>30
<FILENAME>R19.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798505251664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fee Income (Details) - Sales [Member]<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=refr_LicenseeOneMember', window );">Licensee One [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Percentage of fee income</a></td>
<td class="nump">30.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=refr_LicenseeTwoMember', window );">Licensee Two [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Percentage of fee income</a></td>
<td class="nump">14.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=refr_MilanExpoMember', window );">Large Architectural Glass Project [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Percentage of fee income</a></td>
<td class="nump">23.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 275<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 18<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51801978&amp;loc=d3e6351-108592<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 825<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 20<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49121117&amp;loc=d3e13531-108611<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 275<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 20<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51801978&amp;loc=d3e6404-108592<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 825<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 21<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49121117&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=refr_LicenseeOneMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesMember</td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=refr_LicenseeTwoMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798507996096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Investments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';">
<p align="justify"><font style="text-decoration: underline;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Investments</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;">The Company classifies investments in marketable securities as trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity at the time of purchase and periodically re-evaluates such classifications. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses included in earnings. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at cost and are adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts over the life of the related security. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. In determining realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on the investments are accrued at the balance sheet date. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 all investments were classified as held to maturity and consisted of the following:</font></font></p>
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<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><br/></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">June 30, 2015</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">December 31, 2014</font></font></td>
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<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Certificates of Deposit</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">Maturity</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">Value of Held to Maturity Investment</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">Value of Held to Maturity Investment</font></font></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">Investment</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">Date</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">(based on cost)</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">(based on cost)</font></font></td>
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<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font>1,501,554</font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">August 27, 2015</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font> 1,503,790 </font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0px; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="vertical-align: bottom; margin: 0px; background-color: #cccccc;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><font>1,501,554</font></font></font></td>
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<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font>1,503,525</font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">August 27, 2016</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font> 1,508,604 </font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="vertical-align: bottom; margin: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1pt !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><font>1,503,525</font></font></font></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="bottom" style="background-color: #cccccc;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 8px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">$</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font> 3,012,394 </font></font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #cccccc;">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 8px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">$</font></font></td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" align="right" style="white-space: nowrap; margin: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cccccc; border-bottom-width: 2.8pt !important; border-bottom-style: double !important; border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><font>3,005,079</font></font></font></td>
</tr>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for  investments in certain debt and equity securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Debt Security<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6509901<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 6<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27290-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 310<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 30<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6379141&amp;loc=d3e15032-111544<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 5<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27232-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Equity Security<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6511694<br><br><br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 942<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 320<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6957658&amp;loc=d3e62557-112803<br><br><br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 9<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27357-111563<br><br><br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 10<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27724398&amp;loc=d3e27405-111563<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798508031616">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<p align="justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">In May 2014, under an existing shelf registration statement, the Company sold <font>750,000</font> shares of common stock to a current institutional shareholder, Kevin Douglas and his related parties. Net proceeds from the offering were $<font>3,278,250</font> which the Company has used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Company did not sell any additional equity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2014.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;">The Company received proceeds of $<font>490,623</font> and $<font>304,788</font> during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in connection with stock issued by the exercise of options and warrants.</font></p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798730022528">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798729591456">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><div id='EdgarSAA123457890000' style="font-family : 'Times New Roman';">
<p align="justify"><font style="text-decoration: underline;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Fair Value Measurements</font></font></p>
<p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><font size="2">We value financial instruments using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.</font></p>
<p align="justify" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><font size="2">Financial assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2015 include cash, cash equivalents and short term investments of approximately<font style="font-size: 10pt;"> $</font><font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">8.6</font></font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;million</font>. These assets are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices for identical securities (Level 1 inputs).</font></p>
</div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 820<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=36462937&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 825<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 30<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6957238&amp;loc=d3e14172-108612<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 825<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6957238&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 825<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 21<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49121117&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 825<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 16<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49121117&amp;loc=d3e13504-108611<br><br><br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 825<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 10<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49121117&amp;loc=d3e13433-108611<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798492420304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2014</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 125,930<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 329,067<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ChangeInAccountingEstimateByTypeAxis=refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember', window );">Stock Based Compensation Assumptions [Member] | Restatement Adjustment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 124,747<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">145,669<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=refr_ConsultantMember', window );">Consultant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax', window );">Charge recorded</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">124,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,780<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax', window );">Charge recorded</a></td>
<td class="nump">57,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 131,644<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">115,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 263,287<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unamortized compensation costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 116,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 116,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Unamortized compensation costs, period for recognition</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Consultant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Award vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Consultant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Award vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">60 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense, net of income tax, recognized during the period arising from equity-based compensation arrangements (for example, shares of stock, unit, stock options or other equity instruments) with employees, directors and certain consultants qualifying for treatment as employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (i)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation is expected to be recognized for equity-based compensation plans, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (i)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period which an employee's right to exercise an award is no longer contingent on satisfaction of either a service condition, market condition or a performance condition, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ChangeInAccountingEstimateByTypeAxis=refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ChangeInAccountingEstimateByTypeAxis=refr_StockBasedCompensationAssumptionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementScenarioAxis=us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementScenarioAxis=us-gaap_RestatementAdjustmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=refr_ConsultantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=refr_ConsultantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798492534336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,697,665)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,311,843)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">43,941<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,218<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">125,930<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">329,067<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Change in assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Royalty receivables</a></td>
<td class="num">(552,064)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,015)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,596<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">71,476<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,500)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other</a></td>
<td class="num">(116,590)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">167,873<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,147,130)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,908,724)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from investing activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchases of fixed assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(310,796)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(44,520)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireHeldToMaturitySecurities', window );">Change in investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,315)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,545)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (318,111)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(47,065)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from financing activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Net proceeds from sale of common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,278,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Net proceeds from exercise of options and warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 490,623<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">304,788<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">490,623<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,583,038<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,974,618)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,627,249<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,569,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,866,123<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents at end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,594,919<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,493,372<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Cash<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 4<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 210<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are the amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Includes effect from exchange rate changes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 24<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 830<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 230<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49171198&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (b)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amounts payable to vendors for goods and services received and the amount of obligations and expenses incurred but not paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period, excluding the portion taken into income, in the liability reflecting revenue yet to be earned for which cash or other forms of consideration was received or recorded as a receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the value of prepaid expenses and other assets not separately disclosed in the statement of cash flows, for example, deferred expenses, intangible assets, or income taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of financing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 26<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 24<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of investing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 26<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 24<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, excluding discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 24<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 25<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Net Income<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 944<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 225<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04.19)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br><br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 260<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br><br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 225<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.18)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26872669&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br><br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 944<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 225<br><br><br><br> -Section S99<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04.22)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br><br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br><br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 03<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 19<br><br><br><br> -Article 5<br><br><br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher SEC<br><br><br><br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br><br><br><br> -Number 210<br><br><br><br> -Section 04<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 20<br><br><br><br> -Article 9<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireHeldToMaturitySecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow through purchase of long-term held-to-maturity securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 320<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 11<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49167202&amp;loc=d3e26853-111562<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 13<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireHeldToMaturitySecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 13<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (c)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 14<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders exercising their stock options. This item inherently excludes any excess tax benefit, which the entity may have realized and reported separately.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (j)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 14<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br><br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 230<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 45<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 28<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (a)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=56944662&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br><br><br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fee Income<br></strong></div></th>
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<p align="justify"><font style="text-decoration: underline;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Fee Income</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Fee income represents amounts earned by the Company under various license and other agreements relating to technology developed by the Company. During the first six months of 2015, two licensees accounted for 10% or more of fee income of the Company; these licensees accounted for approximately <font>30</font>%&#160;and <font>14</font>%, respectively of fee income recognized during this period. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2015, approximately <font>23</font>% of revenues related to fees generated by a large architectural glass project. During the first six months of 2014, two licensees accounted for 10% or more of fee income of the Company; these licensees accounted for approximately <font>41</font>% and <font>10</font>%, respectively of fee income recognized during such period.</font><br/></p>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.2.0.727</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139798505380368">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Schedule of Assumptions Used to Value Options Granted to Consultants) (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2014</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">1.70%<span></span>
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<td class="nump">1.70%<span></span>
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<td class="text">8 years 10 months 24 days<span></span>
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<td class="text">5 years 6 months<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedGoodsAndNonemployeeServicesTransactionValuationMethodExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Volatility</a></td>
<td class="nump">65.00%<span></span>
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<td class="nump">58.00%<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period an equity-based award is expected to be outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 505<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 50<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51659978&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the percentage amount by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of a nonvested share or option award issued to other than an employee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 505<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 50<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51659978&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing a nonvested share or option award issued to other than an employee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 718<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 10<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 2<br><br><br><br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br><br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br><br><br><br> -Publisher FASB<br><br><br><br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br><br><br><br> -Topic 505<br><br><br><br> -SubTopic 50<br><br><br><br> -Section 50<br><br><br><br> -Paragraph 1<br><br><br><br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51659978&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br><br><br><br></p></div>
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