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Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements

 

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The carrying amounts of all financial instruments classified as a current asset or current liability are deemed to approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

 

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC Topic 820”) establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC Topic 820 applies other previously issued accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements but does not require any new fair value measurements.

 

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs).

 

We value financial instruments using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

 

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and non-warrant liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, royalties receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximated carrying value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of the previous warrant liabilities was adjusted to fair value each reporting period using the Black-Scholes method to determine the fair value of the warrants. The issued warrants treated as warrant liabilities had different exercise prices depending on the date of exercise. The lowest exercise price for these warrants was used in the Black Scholes method to value the warrant liabilities since it was deemed a reasonable approximation of fair market value. The Company’s warrant liability was considered a Level 3 financial instrument and the corresponding liabilities were reclassified to equity during the three months ended June 30, 2019, therefore there was no warrant liability as of September 30, 2019. The estimated fair value for warrant liabilities for the period ended December 31, 2018 using the Black-Scholes method was $501,414.