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    <us-gaap:BasisOfAccounting contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccounting_zhsaiWcApDph" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82D_z8IWaDEOMno6"&gt;Business and Basis for Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Research
Frontiers Incorporated (&#x201c;Research Frontiers&#x201d; or the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;) operates in a single business segment which is
engaged in the development and marketing of technology and devices to control the flow of light. Such devices, often referred to as &#x201c;light
valves&#x201d; or suspended particle devices (&#x201c;SPDs&#x201d;), use colloidal particles that are either incorporated within a liquid
suspension or a film, which is usually enclosed between two sheets of glass or plastic having transparent, electrically conductive coatings
on the facing surfaces thereof. At least one of the two sheets is transparent. SPD technology, made possible by a flexible light-control
film invented by Research Frontiers, allows the user to instantly and precisely control the shading of glass/plastic manually or automatically.
SPD technology has numerous product applications, including SPD-Smart&#x2122; windows, sunshades, skylights and interior partitions for
homes and buildings; automotive windows, sunroofs, sun visors, sunshades, rear-view mirrors, instrument panels, heads up displays and
navigation systems; aircraft windows; museum display panels; eyewear products; and flat panel displays for electronic products. SPD-Smart
light control film is now being developed for, or used in, architectural, automotive, marine, aerospace and appliance applications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has primarily utilized its cash, cash equivalents, and investments generated from sales of our common stock, proceeds from the
exercise of options and warrants, and royalty fees collected to fund its research and development of SPD light valves, for marketing
initiatives, and for other working capital purposes. The Company&#x2019;s working capital and capital requirements depend upon numerous
factors, including the results of research and development activities, competitive and technological developments, the timing and cost
of patent filings, and the development of new licensees and changes in the Company&#x2019;s relationships with its existing licensees.
The degree of dependence of the Company&#x2019;s working capital requirements on each of the foregoing factors cannot be quantified; increased
research and development activities and related costs would increase such requirements; the addition of new licensees may provide additional
working capital or working capital requirements, and changes in relationships with existing licensees would have a favorable or negative
impact depending upon the nature of such changes. We have incurred recurring losses since inception and expect to continue to incur losses
as a result of costs and expenses related to our research and continued development of our SPD technology and our corporate general and
administrative expenses. Our limited capital resources and operations to date have been substantially funded through sales of our common
stock, exercise of options and warrants and royalty fees collected. As of December 31, 2022, we had working capital of approximately
$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_pn5n6_c20221231_zPY0fp3Kvsre" title="Working capital"&gt;4.6&lt;/span&gt; million, cash and cash equivalents of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20221231_zhZaxDNSZMu8" title="Cash and cash equivalents"&gt;4.2&lt;/span&gt; million, shareholders&#x2019; equity of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20221231_z6OebV8lexAb" title="Shareholders' equity"&gt;4.8&lt;/span&gt; million and an
accumulated deficit of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_iNI_pn5n6_di_c20221231_zCl6Hmi5q0M3" title="Accumulated deficit"&gt;122.4&lt;/span&gt; million. Our quarterly projected cash flow shortfall, based on our current operations, adjusted
for any non-recurring cash expenses and adjusted for additional royalties expected to be received for use of our products in new production,
for the next 12 months, is approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--NonrecurringCashExpenses_c20220101__20221231_zof9bbPDwZfh" title="Non-recurring cash expenses"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt; per quarter. We may eliminate some operating expenses in the future, which will further
reduce our cash flow shortfall, if needed. Based on these assumptions, we currently expect to have sufficient working capital for at least 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the event that we are unable to generate sufficient cash from our operating activities or raise additional funds, we may be required
to delay, reduce or severely curtail our operations or otherwise impede our on-going business efforts, which could have a material adverse
effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and long-term prospects. The Company may seek to obtain additional funding
through future equity issuances. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might
be available. The eventual success of the Company and generation of positive cash flow will be dependent upon the commercialization of
products using the Company&#x2019;s technology by the Company&#x2019;s licensees and payments of continuing royalties on account thereof.
To date, the Company has not generated sufficient revenue from its licensees to fund its operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Recent
Global Events:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (&#x201c;COVID-19&#x201d;) a global pandemic and
recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since
2020 revenues have been negatively impacted due to delays in manufacture of products using our technology. Most of the products using
our technology are manufactured by licensees overseas in Europe and Asia who have been similarly affected by the pandemic. The disruption
caused by public health crises, such as COVID-19, could result in lower levels of sale activity for products using our technology resulting
in lower level of royalties owed to us from the sale of these products. The duration of the potential business disruptions and related
financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition,
results of operations, and cash flows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Certain
amounts in the accompanying December 31, 2021 statements of cash flows have been reclassified to conform with the December 31, 2022 presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_z59DahKBRXa1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_824_zNUxjfDmrnO5"&gt;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zcEvXlxfzuni" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)
&lt;span id="xdx_860_zZiZmeirRQsd"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company considers securities purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist
of short-term investments in money market accounts at December 31, 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. We have never
experienced any losses related to these balances. FDIC insurance coverage is $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashFDICInsuredAmount_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zEOdoDoXv9sa" title="FDIC insurance coverage"&gt;250,000&lt;/span&gt; per depositor at each financial institution, and
our non-interest bearing cash balances may again exceed federally insured limits. Amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits
at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CashUninsuredAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20221231_zHVcHdsPBS53" title="Amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits"&gt;2.7&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashUninsuredAmount_c20211231_pp0p0" title="Amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesPolicy_z2okwA1AqxE6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)
&lt;span id="xdx_867_zoMlc9xX0Ns6"&gt;Marketable Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company classifies investments in marketable securities as trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity at the time of purchase and
periodically re-evaluates such classification. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses
included in earnings. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at cost and are adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums
or discounts over the life of the related security. Unrealized holding gains and losses of available-for-sale securities are excluded
from earnings and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. In determining
realized gains and losses, the cost of the securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on
the investments are accrued at the balance sheet date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the &#x201c;exit price&#x201d;)
in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are broken down into three levels
based on the reliability of inputs as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which
transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, inputs other than quoted prices
that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals or current
market) and contractual prices for the underlying financial instrument, as well as other relevant economic measures. Level 3 inputs are
unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs
are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the
measurement date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
December 31, 2022, the Company invested only in investments qualified as cash and cash equivalents. During the year ended December 31,
2022, the Company incurred a realized loss on the sale of marketable securities of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesRealizedGainLoss_iN_di_c20220101__20221231_zpztVr8kqoHb" title="Realized loss on sale of marketable securities"&gt;60,143&lt;/span&gt;. At December 31, 2021 all investments are
Level 1 and were classified as trading and consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zHzbmn0Vdfj9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zzjjYZNd7e2i" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;Value of trading&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Investment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 50%; text-align: left"&gt;Mutual Funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 28%; text-align: left"&gt;Putnam Short Duration Bond &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__custom--PutnamShortDurationBondMember_zI3BuHln3kO" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Mutual Funds Putnam Short Duration Bond"&gt;1,972,736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Putnam Ultra Short Duration Income &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__custom--PutnamUltraShortDurationIncomeMember_zPnekEUTPnkh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Mutual Funds Putnam Ultra Short Duration Income"&gt;782,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_zZf3G5nbcvZ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Marketable securities"&gt;2,755,111&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized loss &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_z6EAxQIVxFv5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Unrealized loss"&gt;28,522&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_z7amfonhzWVj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_zkhCGP6qniD8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)
&lt;span id="xdx_863_zcQZnIRmkIl5"&gt;Royalties Receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Royalties
receivable from licensees are recorded at the amounts specified within the license agreements when the collectability of the receivable
is reasonably assured. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company&#x2019;s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses
in the Company&#x2019;s existing royalties receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience as
well as the current status of the Company&#x2019;s customers. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts periodically. Past
due accounts are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of
collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2022, one company accounted for
&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CompanyOneMember_zGWGgoqJQkTf" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;% of the Company&#x2019;s outstanding receivables. As of December 31, 2021, two companies accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CompanyOneMember_zplsw9FYmGnc" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CompanyTwoMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zb3NS0oiOnj7"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;% of the Company&#x2019;s
outstanding receivables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_z9PzNSpqkHZc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(d)
&lt;span id="xdx_86E_zT6X47cqF5K2"&gt;Fixed Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fixed
assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_zQSBpEogyFQg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(e)&lt;span id="xdx_864_zv315qZwraw4"&gt;
Revenue Recognition/Fee Income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (&#x201c;ASC 606&#x201d;). The standard provides
a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers and supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance.
The revenue standard contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized.
The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount
that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ASC
606 follows a five-step approach to determining revenue recognition including: 1) Identification of the contract; 2) Identification of
the performance obligations; 3) Determination of the transaction price; 4) Allocation of the transaction price; and 5) Recognition of
revenue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determined that its license agreements provide for three performance obligations which include: (i) the Grant of Use to its Patent
Portfolio (&#x201c;Grant of Use&#x201d;), (ii) Stand-Ready Technical Support (&#x201c;Technical Support&#x201d;) including the transfer of
trade secrets and other know-how, production of materials, scale-up support, analytical testing, etc., and (iii) access to new Intellectual
Property (&#x201c;IP&#x201d;) that may be developed sometime during the course of the contract period (&#x201c;New Improvements&#x201d;).
Given the nature of IP development, such New Improvements are on an unspecified basis and can occur and be made available to licensees
at any time during the contract period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;When
a contract includes more than one performance obligation, the Company needs to allocate the total consideration to each performance obligation
based on its relative standalone selling price or estimate the standalone selling price if it is not observable. A standalone selling
price is not available for our performance obligations since we do not sell any of the services separately and there is no competitor
pricing that is available. As a consequence, the best method for determining standalone selling price of our Grant of Use performance
obligation is through a comparison of the average royalty rate for comparable license agreements as compared to our license agreements.
Comparable license agreements must consider several factors including: (i) the materials that are being licensed, (ii) the market application
for the licensed materials, and (iii) the financial terms in the license agreements that can increase or decrease the risk/reward nature
of the agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Based
on the royalty rate comparison referred to above, any pricing above and beyond the average royalty rate would relate to the Technical
Support and New Improvements performance obligations. The Company focuses a significant portion of its time and resources to provide
the Technical Support and New Improvements services to its licensees, which further supports the conclusions reached using the royalty
rate analysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Technical Support and New Improvements performance obligations are co-terminus over the term of the license agreement. For purposes of
determining the transaction price, and recognizing revenue, the Company combined the Technical Support and New Improvements performance
obligations because they have the same pattern of transfer and the same term. We maintain a staff of scientists and other professionals
whose primary job responsibilities throughout the year are: (i) being available to respond to Technical Support needs of our licensees,
and (ii) developing improvements to our technology which are offered to our licensees as New Improvements. Since the costs incurred to
satisfy the Technical Support and New Improvements performance obligations are incurred evenly throughout the year, the value of the
Technical Support and New Improvements services are recognized throughout the initial contract period as these performance obligations
are satisfied. If the agreement is not terminated at the end of the initial contract period, it will renew on the same terms as the initial
contract for a one-year period. Consequently, any fees or minimum annual royalty obligations relating to this renewal contract will be
allocated similarly to the initial contract over the additional one-year period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
recognize revenue when or as the performance obligations in the contract are satisfied. For performance obligations that are fulfilled
at a point in time, revenue is recognized at the fulfillment of the performance obligation. Since the IP is determined to be a functional
license, the value of the Grant of Use is recognized in the first period of the contract term in which the license agreement is in force.
The value of the Technical Support and New Improvements obligations is allocated throughout the contract period based on the satisfaction
of its performance obligations. If the agreement is not terminated at the end of the contract period, it will renew on the same terms
as the original agreement for a one-year period. Consequently, any fees or minimum annual royalties (&#x201c;MAR&#x201d;) relating to this
renewal contract will be allocated similarly over that additional year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s license agreements have a variable royalty fee structure (meaning that royalties are a fixed percentage of sales that
vary from period to period) and frequently include a minimum annual royalty commitment. In instances when sales of licensed products
by its licensees exceed the MAR, the Company recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned. Typically, the royalty rate for such
sales is &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--RoyaltyRateOnSellingPrice_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z9KrNWWMezWd" title="Royalty rate on selling price"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--RoyaltyRateOnSellingPrice_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z0dmO1XuIqS" title="Royalty rate on selling price"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;% of the selling price. While this is variable consideration, it is subject to the sales/usage royalty exception to recognition
of variable consideration in ASC 606 10-55-65 and therefore is not recognized until the subsequent sales or usage occurs or the MAR period
commences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Because
of the immediate recognition of the Grant of Use performance obligation: (i) the first period of the contract term will generally have
a higher percent allocation of the transaction price under ASC 606 and (ii) the remaining periods will have less of the transaction price
recognized under ASC 606. After the initial period in the contract term, the revenue for the remaining periods will be based on the satisfaction
of the technical support and New Improvements obligations. Since most of our license agreements start as of January 1st, the revenue
recognized for the contract under ASC 606 in our first quarter will tend to be higher subsequent quarters in the fiscal year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Certain
of the contract fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which they are earned resulting in deferred
revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized as revenue in future periods as earned.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company operates in a single business segment which is engaged in the development and marketing of technology and devices to control
the flow of light. Our revenue source comes from the licensing of this technology and all of these license agreements have similar terms
and provisions. The majority of the Company&#x2019;s licensing fee income comes from the activities of several licensees participating
in the automotive market. The Company currently believes that the automotive market will be the largest source of its royalty income
over the next several years. The Company&#x2019;s royalty income from this market may be influenced by numerous factors including various
trends affecting demand in the automotive industry and the rate of introduction of new technology in OEM product lines. In addition to
these macro factors, the Company&#x2019;s royalty income from the automotive market could also be influenced by specific factors such
as whether the Company&#x2019;s SPD-SmartGlass technology appears as standard equipment or as an option on a particular vehicle, the number
of additional vehicle models that SPD-SmartGlass appears on, the size of each window on a vehicle and the number of windows on a vehicle
that use SPD SmartGlass, fluctuations in the total number of vehicles produced by a manufacturer, and in the percentage of cars within
each model produced with SPD-SmartGlass, and changes in pricing or exchange rates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2022, the Company has one license agreement that are in its initial multiyear term (&#x201c;Initial Term&#x201d;) with
continuing performance obligations going forward. The Initial Term of this agreement will end as of December 31, 2024, The Company
currently expects this agreement will renew annually at the end of the Initial Term. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount
of the revenue to be recognized upon the satisfaction of the remaining performance obligations for this license agreements is $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementMember_zSEo2YImeES6" title="Remaining performance obligations"&gt;123,000&lt;/span&gt;.
The revenue for the remaining performance obligations for this license agreement is expected to be recognized evenly throughout the
remaining period of the Initial Term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company entered into a number of license agreements covering its light control technology.
The Company received minimum annual royalties under certain license agreements and recorded fee income based on ASC 606 revenue recognition
each quarter. In instances when sales of licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual royalties, the Company recognized additional
fee income as the amounts have been earned. Certain of the fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which
they are earned resulting in deferred revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and are typically recognized as fee
income when earned. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there was no balance in deferred revenue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fee
income represents amounts earned by the Company under various license and other agreements relating to technology developed by the Company.
During 2022, four licensees accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeOneMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z5D4VCYPDNX2" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeTwoMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zschEjYlelY5" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeThreeMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zyohmyui28u5" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeFourMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zoVI9FEameHg" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;% of fee income recognized during the year. During 2021, four licensees
accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeOneMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zRsFeWRcVXSe" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeTwoMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z7JZZngWMtQe" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeThreeMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zNK9RzmN4TIi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeFourMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdEeq6Yvofv3" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;% of fee income recognized during the year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zkBX0ySF3JK7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(f)
&lt;span id="xdx_861_zu7dMVK1JMte"&gt;Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
loss per share excludes any dilution. It is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive
loss per share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised
or converted into common stock. The Company&#x2019;s dilutive loss per share equals basic loss per share for each of the years in the
two-year period ended December 31, 2022 because all potentially dilutive securities (i.e&lt;i&gt;., &lt;/i&gt;options and warrants) were antidilutive
in those periods. The number of options and warrants that were not included because their effect is antidilutive was &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember_zAnc26xC6HOj" title="Antidilutive securities"&gt;4,146,951&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember_zvbPF0oOKi5a" title="Antidilutive securities"&gt;2,599,701&lt;/span&gt;
for 2022 and 2021, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_zffRFvjoOw4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(g)
&lt;span id="xdx_869_zlRxhawFZES5"&gt;Research and Development Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Research
and development costs are charged to expense as incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_zXzKqzojutCd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(h)
&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zQde0eeKGMgf"&gt;Patent Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company expenses costs relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of the recoverability of these items.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zia28vczuL28" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(i)
&lt;span id="xdx_86A_zHsGxw7Wd0W"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates
and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during this period. Actual results
could differ from those estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_znxFYlz14eo3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(j)
&lt;span id="xdx_869_zRto8lKebDr1"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Income
taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective
tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected
to be recovered or settled.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
accordance with ASC Topic 740, we recognize tax benefits only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination
by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is &lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--RecognizedBenefitMeasured_c20220101__20221231_zIWelzBy9Vg2" title="Recognized benefit measured"&gt;greater than 50 percent&lt;/span&gt; likely to be realized
upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement
standards. We classify accrued interest and penalties related to any unrecognized tax benefits in our income tax provision. At December
31, 2022 and 2021, we do not have accrued interest and penalties related to any unrecognized tax benefits. We do not believe we have
any uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
tax years subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions include the years 2017 and forward by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and
certain states. The Company is not currently being audited by any tax jurisdiction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_zgjISkwyGVWc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(k)
&lt;span id="xdx_860_zf086JEsrHP5"&gt;Equity-Based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
recognize all stock-based compensation as an expense in the consolidated financial statements and such costs are measured at the fair
value of the award at the date of grant. In addition to reflecting compensation expense for new share-based payment awards, expense is
also recognized to reflect the remaining vesting period of awards that had been granted in prior periods. Tax benefits related to stock
option exercises are reflected as financing cash inflows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
exercise prices for stock options granted are generally set at the average for the high and low trading prices of the Company&#x2019;s
common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the date of grant, and the related numbers of shares granted are fixed at the date
of grant.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
order to determine the fair value of stock options on the date of grant, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Inherent
in this model are assumptions related to expected stock-price volatility, option term, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. While
the risk-free interest rate and dividend yield are less subjective assumptions that are based on factual data derived from public sources,
the expected stock-price volatility and option term assumptions require a greater level of judgment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
connection with employee and director stock options, the Company charged to compensation expense $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesAndDirectorsMember_zXopPVnR1iE8" title="Share based compensation"&gt;232,291&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20210101__20211231__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesAndDirectorsMember_zeQovMhes87g" title="Share based compensation"&gt;217,008&lt;/span&gt; during the years
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, these awards were fully vested. In lieu of higher cash compensation,
the Company has granted warrants and non-employee options to consultants. These warrants and non-employee options vested fully on the
date of grant. There were no such charges for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_ecustom--RestrictedStockPolicyTextBlock_z60R2QwyzXhh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(l)
&lt;span id="xdx_862_zcqBFHqKaIl9"&gt;Restricted Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Compensation
cost for restricted stock is measured using the quoted market price of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at the date the common stock
is granted. The compensation cost is recognized over the period between the issue date and the vesting period for such shares. Restricted
stock is included in total common shares outstanding upon the lapse of any vesting conditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zOrD8my09cr" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(m)
&lt;span id="xdx_868_zyjVpdFbz33k"&gt;Impairment of Long-Lived Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company reviews long-lived assets to determine whether an event or change in circumstances indicates the carrying value of the asset
may not be recoverable. The Company bases its evaluation on such impairment indicators as the nature of the assets, the future economic
benefit of the assets and any historical or future profitability measurements, as well as other external market conditions or factors
that may be present. There was &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf_do_c20220101__20221231_zYulNRfMoOja" title="Impairment of long-lived assets"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf_do_c20210101__20211231_zYSxFcQArMch" title="Impairment of long-lived assets"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; impairment of long-lived assets recorded during 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_z3313bhEhgYl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(n)
&lt;span id="xdx_863_z0ve9i2f6xI7"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s financial assets and non-warrant liabilities including cash and
cash equivalents, marketable securities, royalties receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximated carrying value due
to the short-term maturity of these instruments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zOxRqIpOohag" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(o)
&lt;span id="xdx_860_zchWk7DfOP7i"&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;New
Accounting Standards&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company believes that no new accounting standards that are not yet effective will have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated
financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_857_zKmORhLfsPve" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zcEvXlxfzuni" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)
&lt;span id="xdx_860_zZiZmeirRQsd"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company considers securities purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist
of short-term investments in money market accounts at December 31, 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. We have never
experienced any losses related to these balances. FDIC insurance coverage is $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashFDICInsuredAmount_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zEOdoDoXv9sa" title="FDIC insurance coverage"&gt;250,000&lt;/span&gt; per depositor at each financial institution, and
our non-interest bearing cash balances may again exceed federally insured limits. Amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits
at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CashUninsuredAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20221231_zHVcHdsPBS53" title="Amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits"&gt;2.7&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashUninsuredAmount_c20211231_pp0p0" title="Amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashFDICInsuredAmount contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">250000</us-gaap:CashFDICInsuredAmount>
    <us-gaap:CashUninsuredAmount contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="-5" unitRef="USD">2700000</us-gaap:CashUninsuredAmount>
    <us-gaap:CashUninsuredAmount contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:CashUninsuredAmount>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesPolicy contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesPolicy_z2okwA1AqxE6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)
&lt;span id="xdx_867_zoMlc9xX0Ns6"&gt;Marketable Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company classifies investments in marketable securities as trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity at the time of purchase and
periodically re-evaluates such classification. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses
included in earnings. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at cost and are adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums
or discounts over the life of the related security. Unrealized holding gains and losses of available-for-sale securities are excluded
from earnings and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. In determining
realized gains and losses, the cost of the securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on
the investments are accrued at the balance sheet date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the &#x201c;exit price&#x201d;)
in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are broken down into three levels
based on the reliability of inputs as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which
transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, inputs other than quoted prices
that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals or current
market) and contractual prices for the underlying financial instrument, as well as other relevant economic measures. Level 3 inputs are
unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs
are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the
measurement date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
December 31, 2022, the Company invested only in investments qualified as cash and cash equivalents. During the year ended December 31,
2022, the Company incurred a realized loss on the sale of marketable securities of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesRealizedGainLoss_iN_di_c20220101__20221231_zpztVr8kqoHb" title="Realized loss on sale of marketable securities"&gt;60,143&lt;/span&gt;. At December 31, 2021 all investments are
Level 1 and were classified as trading and consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zHzbmn0Vdfj9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zzjjYZNd7e2i" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;Value of trading&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Investment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 50%; text-align: left"&gt;Mutual Funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 28%; text-align: left"&gt;Putnam Short Duration Bond &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__custom--PutnamShortDurationBondMember_zI3BuHln3kO" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Mutual Funds Putnam Short Duration Bond"&gt;1,972,736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Putnam Ultra Short Duration Income &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__custom--PutnamUltraShortDurationIncomeMember_zPnekEUTPnkh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Mutual Funds Putnam Ultra Short Duration Income"&gt;782,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_zZf3G5nbcvZ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Marketable securities"&gt;2,755,111&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized loss &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_z6EAxQIVxFv5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Unrealized loss"&gt;28,522&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_z7amfonhzWVj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesPolicy>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesRealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">-60143</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesRealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zHzbmn0Vdfj9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zzjjYZNd7e2i" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;Value of trading&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Investment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 50%; text-align: left"&gt;Mutual Funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 28%; text-align: left"&gt;Putnam Short Duration Bond &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__custom--PutnamShortDurationBondMember_zI3BuHln3kO" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Mutual Funds Putnam Short Duration Bond"&gt;1,972,736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Putnam Ultra Short Duration Income &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__custom--PutnamUltraShortDurationIncomeMember_zPnekEUTPnkh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Mutual Funds Putnam Ultra Short Duration Income"&gt;782,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_iI_c20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_zZf3G5nbcvZ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Marketable securities"&gt;2,755,111&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized loss &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_z6EAxQIVxFv5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Unrealized loss"&gt;28,522&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_custom_PutnamShortDurationBondMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">1972736</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_custom_PutnamUltraShortDurationIncomeMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">782375</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">2755111</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">28522</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_zkhCGP6qniD8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)
&lt;span id="xdx_863_zcQZnIRmkIl5"&gt;Royalties Receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Royalties
receivable from licensees are recorded at the amounts specified within the license agreements when the collectability of the receivable
is reasonably assured. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company&#x2019;s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses
in the Company&#x2019;s existing royalties receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience as
well as the current status of the Company&#x2019;s customers. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts periodically. Past
due accounts are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of
collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2022, one company accounted for
&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CompanyOneMember_zGWGgoqJQkTf" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;% of the Company&#x2019;s outstanding receivables. As of December 31, 2021, two companies accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CompanyOneMember_zplsw9FYmGnc" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CompanyTwoMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zb3NS0oiOnj7"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;% of the Company&#x2019;s
outstanding receivables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_CompanyOneMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.14</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_CompanyOneMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.14</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_custom_CompanyTwoMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.11</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_z9PzNSpqkHZc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(d)
&lt;span id="xdx_86E_zT6X47cqF5K2"&gt;Fixed Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fixed
assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_zQSBpEogyFQg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(e)&lt;span id="xdx_864_zv315qZwraw4"&gt;
Revenue Recognition/Fee Income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (&#x201c;ASC 606&#x201d;). The standard provides
a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers and supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance.
The revenue standard contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized.
The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount
that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ASC
606 follows a five-step approach to determining revenue recognition including: 1) Identification of the contract; 2) Identification of
the performance obligations; 3) Determination of the transaction price; 4) Allocation of the transaction price; and 5) Recognition of
revenue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determined that its license agreements provide for three performance obligations which include: (i) the Grant of Use to its Patent
Portfolio (&#x201c;Grant of Use&#x201d;), (ii) Stand-Ready Technical Support (&#x201c;Technical Support&#x201d;) including the transfer of
trade secrets and other know-how, production of materials, scale-up support, analytical testing, etc., and (iii) access to new Intellectual
Property (&#x201c;IP&#x201d;) that may be developed sometime during the course of the contract period (&#x201c;New Improvements&#x201d;).
Given the nature of IP development, such New Improvements are on an unspecified basis and can occur and be made available to licensees
at any time during the contract period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;When
a contract includes more than one performance obligation, the Company needs to allocate the total consideration to each performance obligation
based on its relative standalone selling price or estimate the standalone selling price if it is not observable. A standalone selling
price is not available for our performance obligations since we do not sell any of the services separately and there is no competitor
pricing that is available. As a consequence, the best method for determining standalone selling price of our Grant of Use performance
obligation is through a comparison of the average royalty rate for comparable license agreements as compared to our license agreements.
Comparable license agreements must consider several factors including: (i) the materials that are being licensed, (ii) the market application
for the licensed materials, and (iii) the financial terms in the license agreements that can increase or decrease the risk/reward nature
of the agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Based
on the royalty rate comparison referred to above, any pricing above and beyond the average royalty rate would relate to the Technical
Support and New Improvements performance obligations. The Company focuses a significant portion of its time and resources to provide
the Technical Support and New Improvements services to its licensees, which further supports the conclusions reached using the royalty
rate analysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Technical Support and New Improvements performance obligations are co-terminus over the term of the license agreement. For purposes of
determining the transaction price, and recognizing revenue, the Company combined the Technical Support and New Improvements performance
obligations because they have the same pattern of transfer and the same term. We maintain a staff of scientists and other professionals
whose primary job responsibilities throughout the year are: (i) being available to respond to Technical Support needs of our licensees,
and (ii) developing improvements to our technology which are offered to our licensees as New Improvements. Since the costs incurred to
satisfy the Technical Support and New Improvements performance obligations are incurred evenly throughout the year, the value of the
Technical Support and New Improvements services are recognized throughout the initial contract period as these performance obligations
are satisfied. If the agreement is not terminated at the end of the initial contract period, it will renew on the same terms as the initial
contract for a one-year period. Consequently, any fees or minimum annual royalty obligations relating to this renewal contract will be
allocated similarly to the initial contract over the additional one-year period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
recognize revenue when or as the performance obligations in the contract are satisfied. For performance obligations that are fulfilled
at a point in time, revenue is recognized at the fulfillment of the performance obligation. Since the IP is determined to be a functional
license, the value of the Grant of Use is recognized in the first period of the contract term in which the license agreement is in force.
The value of the Technical Support and New Improvements obligations is allocated throughout the contract period based on the satisfaction
of its performance obligations. If the agreement is not terminated at the end of the contract period, it will renew on the same terms
as the original agreement for a one-year period. Consequently, any fees or minimum annual royalties (&#x201c;MAR&#x201d;) relating to this
renewal contract will be allocated similarly over that additional year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s license agreements have a variable royalty fee structure (meaning that royalties are a fixed percentage of sales that
vary from period to period) and frequently include a minimum annual royalty commitment. In instances when sales of licensed products
by its licensees exceed the MAR, the Company recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned. Typically, the royalty rate for such
sales is &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--RoyaltyRateOnSellingPrice_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z9KrNWWMezWd" title="Royalty rate on selling price"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--RoyaltyRateOnSellingPrice_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z0dmO1XuIqS" title="Royalty rate on selling price"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;% of the selling price. While this is variable consideration, it is subject to the sales/usage royalty exception to recognition
of variable consideration in ASC 606 10-55-65 and therefore is not recognized until the subsequent sales or usage occurs or the MAR period
commences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Because
of the immediate recognition of the Grant of Use performance obligation: (i) the first period of the contract term will generally have
a higher percent allocation of the transaction price under ASC 606 and (ii) the remaining periods will have less of the transaction price
recognized under ASC 606. After the initial period in the contract term, the revenue for the remaining periods will be based on the satisfaction
of the technical support and New Improvements obligations. Since most of our license agreements start as of January 1st, the revenue
recognized for the contract under ASC 606 in our first quarter will tend to be higher subsequent quarters in the fiscal year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Certain
of the contract fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which they are earned resulting in deferred
revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized as revenue in future periods as earned.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company operates in a single business segment which is engaged in the development and marketing of technology and devices to control
the flow of light. Our revenue source comes from the licensing of this technology and all of these license agreements have similar terms
and provisions. The majority of the Company&#x2019;s licensing fee income comes from the activities of several licensees participating
in the automotive market. The Company currently believes that the automotive market will be the largest source of its royalty income
over the next several years. The Company&#x2019;s royalty income from this market may be influenced by numerous factors including various
trends affecting demand in the automotive industry and the rate of introduction of new technology in OEM product lines. In addition to
these macro factors, the Company&#x2019;s royalty income from the automotive market could also be influenced by specific factors such
as whether the Company&#x2019;s SPD-SmartGlass technology appears as standard equipment or as an option on a particular vehicle, the number
of additional vehicle models that SPD-SmartGlass appears on, the size of each window on a vehicle and the number of windows on a vehicle
that use SPD SmartGlass, fluctuations in the total number of vehicles produced by a manufacturer, and in the percentage of cars within
each model produced with SPD-SmartGlass, and changes in pricing or exchange rates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2022, the Company has one license agreement that are in its initial multiyear term (&#x201c;Initial Term&#x201d;) with
continuing performance obligations going forward. The Initial Term of this agreement will end as of December 31, 2024, The Company
currently expects this agreement will renew annually at the end of the Initial Term. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount
of the revenue to be recognized upon the satisfaction of the remaining performance obligations for this license agreements is $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementMember_zSEo2YImeES6" title="Remaining performance obligations"&gt;123,000&lt;/span&gt;.
The revenue for the remaining performance obligations for this license agreement is expected to be recognized evenly throughout the
remaining period of the Initial Term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company entered into a number of license agreements covering its light control technology.
The Company received minimum annual royalties under certain license agreements and recorded fee income based on ASC 606 revenue recognition
each quarter. In instances when sales of licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual royalties, the Company recognized additional
fee income as the amounts have been earned. Certain of the fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which
they are earned resulting in deferred revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and are typically recognized as fee
income when earned. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there was no balance in deferred revenue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fee
income represents amounts earned by the Company under various license and other agreements relating to technology developed by the Company.
During 2022, four licensees accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeOneMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z5D4VCYPDNX2" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeTwoMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zschEjYlelY5" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeThreeMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zyohmyui28u5" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeFourMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zoVI9FEameHg" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;% of fee income recognized during the year. During 2021, four licensees
accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeOneMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zRsFeWRcVXSe" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeTwoMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z7JZZngWMtQe" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;%, &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeThreeMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zNK9RzmN4TIi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--LicenseeFourMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdEeq6Yvofv3" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;% of fee income recognized during the year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      unitRef="Pure">0.10</REFR:RoyaltyRateOnSellingPrice>
    <REFR:RoyaltyRateOnSellingPrice
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_custom_LicenseAgreementMember_srt_MaximumMember"
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      unitRef="Pure">0.15</REFR:RoyaltyRateOnSellingPrice>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_LicenseAgreementMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">123000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
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      unitRef="Pure">0.28</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_LicenseeTwoMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
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      unitRef="Pure">0.23</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
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      unitRef="Pure">0.13</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
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      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.11</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_custom_LicenseeOneMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.20</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_custom_LicenseeTwoMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.18</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_custom_LicenseeThreeMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.18</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_custom_LicenseeFourMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.12</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zkBX0ySF3JK7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(f)
&lt;span id="xdx_861_zu7dMVK1JMte"&gt;Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
loss per share excludes any dilution. It is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive
loss per share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised
or converted into common stock. The Company&#x2019;s dilutive loss per share equals basic loss per share for each of the years in the
two-year period ended December 31, 2022 because all potentially dilutive securities (i.e&lt;i&gt;., &lt;/i&gt;options and warrants) were antidilutive
in those periods. The number of options and warrants that were not included because their effect is antidilutive was &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember_zAnc26xC6HOj" title="Antidilutive securities"&gt;4,146,951&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember_zvbPF0oOKi5a" title="Antidilutive securities"&gt;2,599,701&lt;/span&gt;
for 2022 and 2021, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_OptionsAndWarrantsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">4146951</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_custom_OptionsAndWarrantsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">2599701</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_zffRFvjoOw4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(g)
&lt;span id="xdx_869_zlRxhawFZES5"&gt;Research and Development Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Research
and development costs are charged to expense as incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy>
    <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_zXzKqzojutCd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(h)
&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zQde0eeKGMgf"&gt;Patent Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company expenses costs relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of the recoverability of these items.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy>
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&lt;span id="xdx_86A_zHsGxw7Wd0W"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates
and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during this period. Actual results
could differ from those estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
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&lt;span id="xdx_869_zRto8lKebDr1"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Income
taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective
tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected
to be recovered or settled.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
accordance with ASC Topic 740, we recognize tax benefits only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination
by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is &lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--RecognizedBenefitMeasured_c20220101__20221231_zIWelzBy9Vg2" title="Recognized benefit measured"&gt;greater than 50 percent&lt;/span&gt; likely to be realized
upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement
standards. We classify accrued interest and penalties related to any unrecognized tax benefits in our income tax provision. At December
31, 2022 and 2021, we do not have accrued interest and penalties related to any unrecognized tax benefits. We do not believe we have
any uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
tax years subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions include the years 2017 and forward by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and
certain states. The Company is not currently being audited by any tax jurisdiction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
    <REFR:RecognizedBenefitMeasured contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">greater than 50 percent</REFR:RecognizedBenefitMeasured>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_zgjISkwyGVWc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(k)
&lt;span id="xdx_860_zf086JEsrHP5"&gt;Equity-Based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
recognize all stock-based compensation as an expense in the consolidated financial statements and such costs are measured at the fair
value of the award at the date of grant. In addition to reflecting compensation expense for new share-based payment awards, expense is
also recognized to reflect the remaining vesting period of awards that had been granted in prior periods. Tax benefits related to stock
option exercises are reflected as financing cash inflows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
exercise prices for stock options granted are generally set at the average for the high and low trading prices of the Company&#x2019;s
common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the date of grant, and the related numbers of shares granted are fixed at the date
of grant.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
order to determine the fair value of stock options on the date of grant, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Inherent
in this model are assumptions related to expected stock-price volatility, option term, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. While
the risk-free interest rate and dividend yield are less subjective assumptions that are based on factual data derived from public sources,
the expected stock-price volatility and option term assumptions require a greater level of judgment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
connection with employee and director stock options, the Company charged to compensation expense $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesAndDirectorsMember_zXopPVnR1iE8" title="Share based compensation"&gt;232,291&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20210101__20211231__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesAndDirectorsMember_zeQovMhes87g" title="Share based compensation"&gt;217,008&lt;/span&gt; during the years
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, these awards were fully vested. In lieu of higher cash compensation,
the Company has granted warrants and non-employee options to consultants. These warrants and non-employee options vested fully on the
date of grant. There were no such charges for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_EmployeesAndDirectorsMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">232291</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_custom_EmployeesAndDirectorsMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">217008</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <REFR:RestrictedStockPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_849_ecustom--RestrictedStockPolicyTextBlock_z60R2QwyzXhh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(l)
&lt;span id="xdx_862_zcqBFHqKaIl9"&gt;Restricted Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Compensation
cost for restricted stock is measured using the quoted market price of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at the date the common stock
is granted. The compensation cost is recognized over the period between the issue date and the vesting period for such shares. Restricted
stock is included in total common shares outstanding upon the lapse of any vesting conditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</REFR:RestrictedStockPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zOrD8my09cr" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(m)
&lt;span id="xdx_868_zyjVpdFbz33k"&gt;Impairment of Long-Lived Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company reviews long-lived assets to determine whether an event or change in circumstances indicates the carrying value of the asset
may not be recoverable. The Company bases its evaluation on such impairment indicators as the nature of the assets, the future economic
benefit of the assets and any historical or future profitability measurements, as well as other external market conditions or factors
that may be present. There was &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf_do_c20220101__20221231_zYulNRfMoOja" title="Impairment of long-lived assets"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf_do_c20210101__20211231_zYSxFcQArMch" title="Impairment of long-lived assets"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; impairment of long-lived assets recorded during 2022 and 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_z3313bhEhgYl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(n)
&lt;span id="xdx_863_z0ve9i2f6xI7"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s financial assets and non-warrant liabilities including cash and
cash equivalents, marketable securities, royalties receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximated carrying value due
to the short-term maturity of these instruments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zOxRqIpOohag" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(o)
&lt;span id="xdx_860_zchWk7DfOP7i"&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;New
Accounting Standards&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company believes that no new accounting standards that are not yet effective will have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated
financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zjvMlkjDg6Ri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_824_zmzwJawVw32e"&gt;Fixed Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_z5q40ajlqI2e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fixed
assets and their estimated useful lives as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zACsGOhkeAgh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Fixed Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Estimated useful life&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Equipment and furniture&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--EquipmentAndFurnitureMember_zms1D6X4mJGh" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;1,392,365&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--EquipmentAndFurnitureMember_z24KIkUcdNaj" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;1,391,094&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 20%"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_pp0p0_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--EquipmentAndFurnitureMember_zDfXYGyxbdxi" title="Estimated useful life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade show materials&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--TradeShowMaterialsMember_z7myTHjSwdNc"&gt;775,654&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--TradeShowMaterialsMember_zLKmhTSmvpbd"&gt;775,654&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_pp0p0_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--TradeShowMaterialsMember_zkcSTlNqtV8g" title="Estimated useful life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Autos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--AutosMember_z4h8HrJPqmv2"&gt;53,764&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--AutosMember_zvxp7sHAmXi5"&gt;53,764&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_pp0p0_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--AutosMember_zIQvkQX1ok36" title="Estimated useful life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;Life of lease or estimated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsMember_zBwV8eb25RM"&gt;584,967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsMember_zyXf9DlB4wj9"&gt;584,967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;life of asset if shorter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_znXCg2N90Ztg" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;2,806,750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_c20211231_pp0p0" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;2,805,479&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pp0p0_di_c20221231_zKvXfeHORbLe" title="Less accumulated depreciation and amortization"&gt;(2,741,362&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pp0p0_di_c20211231_zlDPD3e7LEll" title="Less accumulated depreciation and amortization"&gt;(2,712,525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zsXyeKxUE55a" title="Fixed assets, net"&gt;65,388&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_c20211231_pp0p0" title="Fixed assets, net"&gt;92,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zdaCWrCvxn7h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_z5q40ajlqI2e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fixed
assets and their estimated useful lives as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zACsGOhkeAgh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Fixed Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Estimated useful life&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Equipment and furniture&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--EquipmentAndFurnitureMember_zms1D6X4mJGh" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;1,392,365&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--EquipmentAndFurnitureMember_z24KIkUcdNaj" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;1,391,094&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 20%"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_pp0p0_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--EquipmentAndFurnitureMember_zDfXYGyxbdxi" title="Estimated useful life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade show materials&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--TradeShowMaterialsMember_z7myTHjSwdNc"&gt;775,654&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--TradeShowMaterialsMember_zLKmhTSmvpbd"&gt;775,654&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_pp0p0_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--TradeShowMaterialsMember_zkcSTlNqtV8g" title="Estimated useful life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Autos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--AutosMember_z4h8HrJPqmv2"&gt;53,764&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--AutosMember_zvxp7sHAmXi5"&gt;53,764&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_pp0p0_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--AutosMember_zIQvkQX1ok36" title="Estimated useful life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;Life of lease or estimated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsMember_zBwV8eb25RM"&gt;584,967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20211231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsMember_zyXf9DlB4wj9"&gt;584,967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;life of asset if shorter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_znXCg2N90Ztg" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;2,806,750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_c20211231_pp0p0" title="Fixed assets, gross"&gt;2,805,479&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pp0p0_di_c20221231_zKvXfeHORbLe" title="Less accumulated depreciation and amortization"&gt;(2,741,362&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pp0p0_di_c20211231_zlDPD3e7LEll" title="Less accumulated depreciation and amortization"&gt;(2,712,525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zsXyeKxUE55a" title="Fixed assets, net"&gt;65,388&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_c20211231_pp0p0" title="Fixed assets, net"&gt;92,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_custom_EquipmentAndFurnitureMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">1392365</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_custom_EquipmentAndFurnitureMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">1391094</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_EquipmentAndFurnitureMember">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_custom_TradeShowMaterialsMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">775654</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_custom_TradeShowMaterialsMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">775654</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_TradeShowMaterialsMember">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_custom_AutosMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">53764</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_custom_AutosMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">53764</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_AutosMember">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">584967</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">584967</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2806750</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2805479</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2741362</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2712525</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">65388</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">92954</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_zbURYGn59W8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_826_znBzyna3FIlb"&gt;Accrued Expenses and Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zi7xe7SlnF5a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued
expenses consist of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z007JgCRuJJ7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221231_zS8Q4gKHeZzj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20211231_z45lgFhdBps2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pp0p0_maAEAOCzZhA_zuEUSdXDHKh7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 62%; text-align: left"&gt;Payroll, bonuses and related benefits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;29,219&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;45,725&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_iI_pp0p0_maAEAOCzZhA_zRyHwZE0E5g7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Professional services&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,800&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,300&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pp0p0_maAEAOCzZhA_z7qmiG9y9idi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;360&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;360&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_pp0p0_mtAEAOCzZhA_zm4AcUAV1Uy9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;34,379&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49,385&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zcZJx2oZB1Ae" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zi7xe7SlnF5a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued
expenses consist of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z007JgCRuJJ7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221231_zS8Q4gKHeZzj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20211231_z45lgFhdBps2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pp0p0_maAEAOCzZhA_zuEUSdXDHKh7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 62%; text-align: left"&gt;Payroll, bonuses and related benefits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;29,219&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;45,725&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_iI_pp0p0_maAEAOCzZhA_zRyHwZE0E5g7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Professional services&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,800&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,300&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pp0p0_maAEAOCzZhA_z7qmiG9y9idi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;360&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;360&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_pp0p0_mtAEAOCzZhA_zm4AcUAV1Uy9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;34,379&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49,385&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">29219</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">45725</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4800</us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">3300</us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">360</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">360</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">34379</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">49385</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zSiT1SjFscof" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_829_zpAdE6Hgh9ib"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since
inception, the Company has incurred losses from operations and as a result has not recorded income tax expense. Benefits related to net
operating loss carryforwards and deferred items have been fully reserved because it is not more likely than not that the Company will
achieve profitable operations. The difference between the total income taxes at the federal statutory rate for each of the years ended
December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the fact that no income tax benefit was recorded in each of these years is attributable to the change
in the valuation allowance recorded in each year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (&#x201c;TCIA&#x201d;) amended IRC Section 174 to require capitalization of all research and development
(&#x201c;R&amp;amp;D&#x201d;) costs incurred in tax years beginning after December 31, 2021. &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--AmortizedCostTermDescription_c20220101__20221231_zAq1pvZmhGV" title="Amortized cost term description"&gt;These costs are required to be amortized over
five years if the R&amp;amp;D activities are performed in the U.S., or over 15 years if the activities were performed outside the U.S.&lt;/span&gt; For
tax reporting purposes, the Company capitalized $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsInProcessResearchAndDevelopment_iI_c20221231_zbOOPViSvASd" title="Research and development expense"&gt;609,000&lt;/span&gt; of R&amp;amp;D expenses incurred as of December 31, 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (&#x201c;IRA&#x201d;) was signed into law in the United States. Among other provisions,
the IRA includes a &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--CorporateMinimumTaxRate_iI_pid_dp_c20220816_zzLaLSPjk709" title="Corporate minimum tax rate"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;%
corporate minimum tax rate which applies to certain large corporations and a &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ExciseTaxOnCorporateStockRate_iI_pid_dp_c20221231_zG2do6NuDM37" title="Excise tax on corporate stock"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;%
excise tax on corporate stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. We do not expect the IRA to have a material impact on our
consolidated financial statements. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_z08aHzSVpnUl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021
are presented below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zmW6w8TK4MUk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20221231_zBOEL0GXtVyk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20211231_z5ChT0MI8Jbd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred tax assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zSqKU8GSjmVe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 62%"&gt;Depreciation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;109,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;106,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zWuP9JHre7i3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for bad debts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;248,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;218,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zXucFnKQo3D7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net operating loss carry-forwards&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;13,561,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,114,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zGj3Y7ba3efk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Stock option expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;334,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;355,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_z8MtmgKY7nyl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Research and other credits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;891,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;945,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_ziM6fY7DE4b9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Lease liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;99,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;138,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsAmortization_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zvnwPXiRpL98" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;130,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0506"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_pp0p0_mtDTAGzSKS_maDTANzkep_maDTANzdu4_zVf4dwEwUw2l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total gross deferred tax assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;15,372,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;15,876,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred tax liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_iI_maDITLz6F0_zjo4cImB98s4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Lease liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;101,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesOther_iI_maDITLz6F0_zMdEamcZQyD5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other temporary differences&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0514"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;22,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_iTI_mtDITLz6F0_msDTANzdu4_z4XPktvalnwa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total gross deferred tax liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;123,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_pp0p0_di_msDTANzkep_msDTANzdu4_z1pkJKCyAgM8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(15,303,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(15,753,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iI_pp0p0_zRpPHUajMRfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net deferred tax&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0523"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0524"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zkkKWbh7ukB6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zMVwiaEu4cQf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
reconciliation of the income tax expense (benefit) computed at the federal statutory tax rates to income tax expense (benefit) is as
follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zJg9RwnCTm59" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Reconciliation Income Tax Expenses Benefit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220101__20221231_zAd4OHQ9XMOj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210101__20211231_zpfVqw9yZGf2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_maITEBza9v_zmivi0IzLQJd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 62%; text-align: left"&gt;Income tax provision at federal statutory rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;(561,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;(388,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_maITEBza9v_zHlNJeOtZtPh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expired carryforwards and other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,011,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,079,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_maITEBza9v_zGsKNwHJeU3a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(450,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(691,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iT_pp0p0_mtITEBza9v_zhKPmRXmN4hb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total income tax provision&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0537"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0538"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zhDUEdmjyfo3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all
of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future taxable income
during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax
liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon its historical operating
losses, utilization of deferred tax assets cannot currently be determined. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance
against the deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty regarding the future utilization of the deferred tax assets for all periods presented.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
December 31, 2022, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zc5TegVYMwra" title="Net operating loss carry-forward"&gt;63,370,000&lt;/span&gt;. Net
operating loss carryforwards accumulated through December 31, 2017 of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zKXgOXfZWZEb" title="Net operating loss carry-forward with expiration"&gt;52,927,000&lt;/span&gt; will &lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDescription_c20220101__20221231_zHUrfflTgzs8" title="Net operating loss carry-forward expiration description"&gt;expire in varying amounts from 2023
through 2037&lt;/span&gt;. Net operating losses generated since 2018, totaling approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pp0p0_c20221231__us-gaap--TaxPeriodAxis__custom--TaxYear2018To2022Member_z7K8AYXAgo1" title="Net operating loss carry-forward"&gt;10,443,000&lt;/span&gt;, will carry forward indefinitely, but cannot
offset more than &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231_zRSy4J03qRNk" title="Income tax percentage"&gt;80&lt;/span&gt; percent of taxable income. Research and other credit carryforwards of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_z8gZ2lyV7iR9" title="Research and other credit carry-forwards"&gt;891,000&lt;/span&gt; are available to the
Company to reduce income taxes payable in future years principally through 2040. The Company&#x2019;s ability to utilize its net operating
loss carryforwards and its current year tax credits in future periods could be subject to the 382 limitation. The Company will need to
complete an analysis to determine whether its net operating losses are subject to the 382 limitation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <REFR:AmortizedCostTermDescription contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">These costs are required to be amortized over
five years if the R&amp;D activities are performed in the U.S., or over 15 years if the activities were performed outside the U.S.</REFR:AmortizedCostTermDescription>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInProcessResearchAndDevelopment contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">609000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsInProcessResearchAndDevelopment>
    <REFR:CorporateMinimumTaxRate contextRef="AsOf2022-08-16" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">0.15</REFR:CorporateMinimumTaxRate>
    <REFR:ExciseTaxOnCorporateStockRate contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">0.01</REFR:ExciseTaxOnCorporateStockRate>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_z08aHzSVpnUl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021
are presented below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zmW6w8TK4MUk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20221231_zBOEL0GXtVyk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20211231_z5ChT0MI8Jbd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred tax assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zSqKU8GSjmVe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 62%"&gt;Depreciation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;109,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;106,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zWuP9JHre7i3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for bad debts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;248,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;218,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zXucFnKQo3D7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net operating loss carry-forwards&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;13,561,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,114,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zGj3Y7ba3efk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Stock option expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;334,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;355,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_z8MtmgKY7nyl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Research and other credits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;891,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;945,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_ziM6fY7DE4b9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Lease liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;99,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;138,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsAmortization_iI_pp0p0_maDTAGzSKS_zvnwPXiRpL98" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;130,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0506"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_pp0p0_mtDTAGzSKS_maDTANzkep_maDTANzdu4_zVf4dwEwUw2l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total gross deferred tax assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;15,372,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;15,876,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred tax liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_iI_maDITLz6F0_zjo4cImB98s4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Lease liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;101,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesOther_iI_maDITLz6F0_zMdEamcZQyD5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other temporary differences&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0514"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;22,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_iTI_mtDITLz6F0_msDTANzdu4_z4XPktvalnwa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total gross deferred tax liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;123,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_pp0p0_di_msDTANzkep_msDTANzdu4_z1pkJKCyAgM8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(15,303,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(15,753,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iI_pp0p0_zRpPHUajMRfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net deferred tax&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0523"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0524"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">109000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">106000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">248000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">218000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">13561000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">14114000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">334000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">355000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">891000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">945000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch>
    <REFR:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">99000</REFR:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability>
    <REFR:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">138000</REFR:DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability>
    <REFR:DeferredTaxAssetsAmortization contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">130000</REFR:DeferredTaxAssetsAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">15372000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">15876000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">69000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">101000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesOther contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">22000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesOther>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">69000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">123000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">15303000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">15753000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zMVwiaEu4cQf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
reconciliation of the income tax expense (benefit) computed at the federal statutory tax rates to income tax expense (benefit) is as
follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zJg9RwnCTm59" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Reconciliation Income Tax Expenses Benefit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220101__20221231_zAd4OHQ9XMOj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210101__20211231_zpfVqw9yZGf2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_maITEBza9v_zmivi0IzLQJd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 62%; text-align: left"&gt;Income tax provision at federal statutory rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;(561,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;(388,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_maITEBza9v_zHlNJeOtZtPh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expired carryforwards and other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,011,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,079,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_maITEBza9v_zGsKNwHJeU3a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(450,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(691,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iT_pp0p0_mtITEBza9v_zhKPmRXmN4hb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total income tax provision&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0537"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0538"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">-561000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">-388000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">1011000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">1079000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">-450000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">-691000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">63370000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">52927000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration>
    <REFR:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDescription contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">expire in varying amounts from 2023
through 2037</REFR:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDescription>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_custom_TaxYear2018To2022Member"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">10443000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.80</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">891000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_802_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_z8CvpScbIjo2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(6)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82D_zdgtlViyjGsi"&gt;Shareholders&#x2019; Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)
Common Stock and Warrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;During
2021, the Company received proceeds of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember_zW1M00KCBuZe" title="Proceeds from issuance of stock"&gt;86,262&lt;/span&gt; and issued &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember_zm2ywlG0y22" title="Number of shares issued during the period"&gt;74,610&lt;/span&gt; shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of outstanding
options and warrants. In addition, during February 2023, the Company received proceeds of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_c20230201__20230228__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zEpkn0duJNi6" title="Proceeds from issuance of stock"&gt;484,503&lt;/span&gt; and issued &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230201__20230228__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--OptionsAndWarrantsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z1KYUKgyU1H7" title="Number of shares issued during the period"&gt;358,891&lt;/span&gt;common shares in connection
with the exercise of outstanding warrants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
September 16, 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements from a group of private accredited investors to sell them &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_pn5n6_c20220914__20220916__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SubscriptionAgreementMember_zG2ss2HrRhz4" title="New Issues"&gt;2.0&lt;/span&gt;
million shares of common stock of the Company at a price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20220916__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SubscriptionAgreementMember_zVZI5v005ale" title="Shares issued price per share"&gt;2.30&lt;/span&gt; per share (which represents the closing market price of the
Company&#x2019;s common stock on September 14, 2022 which was the date that the transaction was agreed to). As of December 31,
2022, the Company received $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SubscriptionAgreementMember_z4STq2KXYGF1" title="Proceeds from issuance of stock"&gt;3,450,000&lt;/span&gt; under these subscription agreements and has issued &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SubscriptionAgreementMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zsDSi0ZEDO7k" title="Stock issued during period shares"&gt;1,500,000&lt;/span&gt; common shares and issued
&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SubscriptionAgreementMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zWAuNlgYx6bd" title="Stock issued during period shares"&gt;1,500,000&lt;/span&gt; warrants. In addition, the Company expects to receive the remaining $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SubscriptionAgreementMember_zfrfynHlr4D2" title="Stock issued value"&gt;1,150,000&lt;/span&gt; under these subscription agreements in
March, 2023. &lt;/span&gt;The shares were issued to the investors in a private placement and, along with the shares issued in
connection with the exercise of any warrants in the future, are not registered and therefore currently subject to at least a
six-month holding period by the investor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Options and Warrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(i)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Employee Options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
2019, the shareholders approved the Company&#x2019;s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which provides for the granting of both incentive stock
options at the fair market value at the date of grant and nonqualified stock options at the fair market value at the date of grant to
employees or non-employees who, in the determination of the Board of Directors, have made or may make significant contributions to the
Company in the future. The Company may also award stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, or restricted stock units under this plan.
The Company initially reserved &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_iI_c20221231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandNineteenEquityIncentivePlanMember_zjytmi3Pu1yj" title="Shares of common stock reserved for issuance"&gt;1,400,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of its common stock for issuance under this plan, and &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_iI_c20221231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandNineteenEquityIncentivePlanMember_z4e33Rrr9cQb" title="Shares available for issuance"&gt;307,500&lt;/span&gt; options and other awards
were available for issuance under this plan as of December 31, 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
the discretion of the Board of Directors, options expire in ten years or less from the date of grant and are generally fully exercisable
upon grant but in some cases may be subject to vesting in the future. Full payment of the exercise price may be made in cash or in shares
of common stock valued at the fair market value thereof on the date of exercise, or by agreeing with the Company to cancel a portion
of the exercised options.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company granted &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedNumberOfShares_c20220101__20221231_zrTU7QeD6aUh" title="Number of options vested"&gt;178,000&lt;/span&gt; fully vested options during 2022 and recorded share-based compensation of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231_zgKFVtQOjmk3" title="Share based compensation"&gt;232,291&lt;/span&gt;. The Company granted &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedNumberOfShares_c20210101__20211231_z1rPlkKS5fe8" title="Number of options vested"&gt;198,000&lt;/span&gt;
fully vested options during 2021 and recorded share-based compensation of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20210101__20211231_zWlATjIlghoh" title="Share based compensation"&gt;217,008&lt;/span&gt;. The Company valued these grants using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_zxKinBytb43f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zRRxWBdqpYwa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assumptions Used to Value Options Granted to Employees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 62%; text-align: left"&gt;Fair value on grant date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20220101__20221231_zpfXGbsBSjOa" title="Fair value on grant date"&gt;1.31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20210101__20211231_zsz7ziylXsb5" title="Fair value on grant date"&gt;1.10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_c20220101__20221231_zis6kl9qIsja" title="Expected dividend yield"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0592"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_c20210101__20211231_zIMKSnyWgO34" title="Expected dividend yield"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0594"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expected volatility&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231_z5k8zUiDzyQb" title="Expected volatility"&gt;81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231_zgIs1ecTLKye" title="Expected volatility"&gt;79&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231_zXA7kenwZIsa" title="Risk free interest rate"&gt;3.99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231_zQQaPgxlprP7" title="Risk free interest rate"&gt;1.26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expected term of the option&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20220101__20221231_zZLbqgw8hIZa" title="Expected term of the option"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20210101__20211231_zrsMaS5qQxPc" title="Expected term of the option"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zOYUGD2t9bpi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zdY2H07lf6sh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Activity
for stock options is summarized below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zqAtZT8AZuYg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Option Activity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Number of Shares Subject to Option&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted Average Exercise Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Aggregate Intrinsic Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at January 1, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z5wbqwBzMtK4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Beginning"&gt;1,297,260&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zLUBtoSetQ15" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;4.09&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20200101__20201231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zaHu61h0J9wi" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Beginning"&gt;5.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_pp0p0_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zm2mntsilY6i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning"&gt;142,885&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zz67lZIR61Ie" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Granted"&gt;198,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zUKNekXFNIRh" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;1.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zHv56EiUNHNi" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Cancelled"&gt;(155,050&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zEMDqDzFAYpc" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cancelled"&gt;5.38&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z2YKL0yB9M94" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Exercised"&gt;(140,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zCD1Xvns7zI2" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;2.48&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zprcNBTdUCY5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Beginning"&gt;1,199,710&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zQfRMCx2pUog" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;3.67&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zhqSmWW6mx33" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Beginning"&gt;5.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z4fNAuYmldCk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning"&gt;21,870&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_ziDo9yJjOHCf" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Granted"&gt;178,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zO85rcKfcXNf" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;1.95&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zMptucb9IICl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Cancelled"&gt;(130,750&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_ztan0dJJ9POg" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cancelled"&gt;4.91&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zOIzxWjsfjJb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0646"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zUaFrZSHa5Ja" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0648"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z69pM44beFv6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Ending"&gt;1,246,960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zJFXR8YgkHFd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending"&gt;3.35&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zZTdtZ7tdtfg" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Ending"&gt;5.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zwS1QEmpV7V9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending"&gt;67,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_z7XzRNApZlB5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;All
options are exercisable at December 31, 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(ii)
Warrants and Non-Employee Options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zjgnJWTRllPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Activity
in warrants is summarized below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zvdOF62J9Dd1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Warrant Activity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Number of Shares Underlying Warrants Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted Average Exercise Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 62%"&gt;Balance at January 1, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20210101__20211231_zNy0jUWDW8cd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 15%; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Beginning"&gt;1,399,991&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20210101__20211231_zPLKfmjrbvi4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 15%; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;2.27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20210101__20211231_zKqoO9yT4hEe" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0664"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Terminated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20210101__20211231_zbW94To0KIt1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Terminated"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0666"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Issued&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20210101__20211231_ztAkQ84asl7j" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Issued"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0668"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20220101__20221231_zFEI88Y4yaa6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Beginning"&gt;1,399,991&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20220101__20221231_zyELW3ixBuNj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;2.27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20220101__20221231_zIJtaZe1nd67" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0674"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Terminated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20220101__20221231_zPqcT2Jyclpl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Terminated"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0676"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Issued&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20220101__20221231_zEnkUJonb0Cd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Issued"&gt;1,500,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231_z7DumOUiTNJ7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Issued"&gt;2.76&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20220101__20221231_zUYganO2w457" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Ending"&gt;2,899,991&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20220101__20221231_zJ6iUVusOmUd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending"&gt;2.52&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zr9nh9M5Jsk6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
lieu of cash compensation, the Company has granted warrants to investors and non-employee options to consultants. These warrants and
non-employee options vested ratably over various terms ranging from &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--WarrantsAndNonemployeeOptionsVestedTerm_dtM_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__custom--NonEmployeeStockOptionMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zAt2B4NUUe28" title="Warrants and non-employee options vested term"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span id="xdx_901_ecustom--WarrantsAndNonemployeeOptionsVestedTerm_dtM_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__custom--NonEmployeeStockOptionMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zx81tMqTgMhc" title="Warrants and non-employee options vested term"&gt;59&lt;/span&gt; months. The non-employee options are valued at fair value
at the time that the related services are provided using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and marked to market quarterly using
the Black-Scholes option valuation model. There are &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20221231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--InvestorMember_z0WcyDEgiV96" title="Warrants outstanding"&gt;2,899,991&lt;/span&gt; warrants issued to investors that are outstanding that are accounted for
as equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Warrants
and non-employee options generally expire in &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_dc_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__custom--NonEmployeeStockOptionMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zIvJsY8G8TI1" title="Option expiration period"&gt;five years&lt;/span&gt; from the date of issuance. At December 31, 2022, all warrants and non-employee
options outstanding were exercisable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Restricted Stock Grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;During
2022 and 2021, the Company did not issue restricted stock to its directors and employees.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_SubscriptionAgreementMember_us-gaap_WarrantMember"
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      unitRef="Shares">1500000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_SubscriptionAgreementMember"
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      unitRef="USD">1150000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
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    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant
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      decimals="INF"
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      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">178000</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedNumberOfShares>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
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      unitRef="USD">232291</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
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      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31"
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      unitRef="USD">217008</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_zxKinBytb43f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zRRxWBdqpYwa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assumptions Used to Value Options Granted to Employees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 62%; text-align: left"&gt;Fair value on grant date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20220101__20221231_zpfXGbsBSjOa" title="Fair value on grant date"&gt;1.31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20210101__20211231_zsz7ziylXsb5" title="Fair value on grant date"&gt;1.10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_c20220101__20221231_zis6kl9qIsja" title="Expected dividend yield"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0592"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_c20210101__20211231_zIMKSnyWgO34" title="Expected dividend yield"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0594"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expected volatility&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231_z5k8zUiDzyQb" title="Expected volatility"&gt;81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231_zgIs1ecTLKye" title="Expected volatility"&gt;79&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231_zXA7kenwZIsa" title="Risk free interest rate"&gt;3.99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_dp_uPure_c20210101__20211231_zQQaPgxlprP7" title="Risk free interest rate"&gt;1.26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expected term of the option&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20220101__20221231_zZLbqgw8hIZa" title="Expected term of the option"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20210101__20211231_zrsMaS5qQxPc" title="Expected term of the option"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
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      unitRef="USDPShares">1.31</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
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      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">1.10</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.81</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.79</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0399</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate
      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0126</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">P5Y</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31">P5Y</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
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for stock options is summarized below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zqAtZT8AZuYg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Option Activity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Number of Shares Subject to Option&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted Average Exercise Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Aggregate Intrinsic Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at January 1, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z5wbqwBzMtK4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Beginning"&gt;1,297,260&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zLUBtoSetQ15" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;4.09&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20200101__20201231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zaHu61h0J9wi" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Beginning"&gt;5.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_pp0p0_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zm2mntsilY6i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning"&gt;142,885&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zz67lZIR61Ie" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Granted"&gt;198,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zUKNekXFNIRh" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;1.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zHv56EiUNHNi" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Cancelled"&gt;(155,050&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zEMDqDzFAYpc" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cancelled"&gt;5.38&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z2YKL0yB9M94" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Exercised"&gt;(140,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zCD1Xvns7zI2" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;2.48&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zprcNBTdUCY5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Beginning"&gt;1,199,710&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zQfRMCx2pUog" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;3.67&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20210101__20211231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zhqSmWW6mx33" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Beginning"&gt;5.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z4fNAuYmldCk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning"&gt;21,870&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_ziDo9yJjOHCf" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Granted"&gt;178,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zO85rcKfcXNf" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;1.95&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zMptucb9IICl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Cancelled"&gt;(130,750&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_ztan0dJJ9POg" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cancelled"&gt;4.91&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zOIzxWjsfjJb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0646"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zUaFrZSHa5Ja" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0648"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z69pM44beFv6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Subject to Option, Ending"&gt;1,246,960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zJFXR8YgkHFd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending"&gt;3.35&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zZTdtZ7tdtfg" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Ending"&gt;5.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--OptionIndexedToIssuersEquityTypeAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zwS1QEmpV7V9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending"&gt;67,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      unitRef="USDPShares">4.09</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 contextRef="From2020-01-012020-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember">P5Y9M18D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
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      unitRef="Shares">198000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
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      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">1.72</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
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      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
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      unitRef="Shares">155050</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod>
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      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">5.38</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
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      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
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      unitRef="Shares">140500</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
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      contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">2.48</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
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      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">1199710</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">3.67</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 contextRef="From2021-01-012021-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember">P5Y8M12D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
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      unitRef="USD">21870</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">178000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">1.95</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">130750</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">4.91</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
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      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">1246960</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
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      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">3.35</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember">P5Y9M18D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">67510</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zjgnJWTRllPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Activity
in warrants is summarized below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zvdOF62J9Dd1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Warrant Activity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Number of Shares Underlying Warrants Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted Average Exercise Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 62%"&gt;Balance at January 1, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20210101__20211231_zNy0jUWDW8cd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 15%; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Beginning"&gt;1,399,991&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20210101__20211231_zPLKfmjrbvi4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 15%; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;2.27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20210101__20211231_zKqoO9yT4hEe" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0664"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Terminated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20210101__20211231_zbW94To0KIt1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Terminated"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0666"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Issued&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20210101__20211231_ztAkQ84asl7j" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Issued"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0668"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20220101__20221231_zFEI88Y4yaa6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Beginning"&gt;1,399,991&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20220101__20221231_zyELW3ixBuNj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning"&gt;2.27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20220101__20221231_zIJtaZe1nd67" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0674"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Terminated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20220101__20221231_zPqcT2Jyclpl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Terminated"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0676"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Issued&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20220101__20221231_zEnkUJonb0Cd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Issued"&gt;1,500,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20220101__20221231_z7DumOUiTNJ7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Issued"&gt;2.76&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Balance at December 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20220101__20221231_zUYganO2w457" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Shares Underlying Warrants and Non-Employee Options Granted, Ending"&gt;2,899,991&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20220101__20221231_zJ6iUVusOmUd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending"&gt;2.52&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber contextRef="AsOf2020-12-31" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1399991</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber>
    <REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="AsOf2020-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">2.27</REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1399991</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber>
    <REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">2.27</REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">1500000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted>
    <REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">2.76</REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2899991</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber>
    <REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">2.52</REFR:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <REFR:WarrantsAndNonemployeeOptionsVestedTerm contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_NonEmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_WarrantMember_srt_MinimumMember">P12M</REFR:WarrantsAndNonemployeeOptionsVestedTerm>
    <REFR:WarrantsAndNonemployeeOptionsVestedTerm contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_NonEmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_WarrantMember_srt_MaximumMember">P59M</REFR:WarrantsAndNonemployeeOptionsVestedTerm>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_us-gaap_InvestorMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">2899991</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_custom_NonEmployeeStockOptionMember_us-gaap_WarrantMember">P5Y</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod>
    <REFR:LicenseAndOtherAgreementsTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_ecustom--LicenseAndOtherAgreementsTextBlock_zhyEZLx1UHHi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_822_zIiINBFpuIp1"&gt;License and Other Agreements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has entered into a number of license agreements covering various products using the Company&#x2019;s SPD technology. Some of these
license agreements are limited to specific countries and/or markets. Licensees of Research Frontiers who incorporate SPD technology into
end products pay Research Frontiers an earned royalty of &lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--RoyaltyEarnedPercentage_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z8DHpMnzzT9g" title="Royalty earned percentage"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--RoyaltyEarnedPercentage_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z0Ilt6OEzny5" title="Royalty earned percentage"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;% of net sales of licensed products under license agreements currently in
effect and may also be required to pay Research Frontiers fees and minimum annual royalties. Licensees who sell products or components
to other licensees of Research Frontiers do not pay a royalty on such sale; Research Frontiers will collect such royalty from the licensee
incorporating such products or components into its own end-products. Research Frontiers&#x2019; license agreements typically allow the
licensee to terminate the license after some period of time and give Research Frontiers only limited rights to terminate before the license
expires. Most licenses are non-exclusive and generally last as long as our patents remain in effect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
March 14, 2019, the Company suspended its VariGuard SmartGlass business unit activities. Instead, the Company licensed a new entity to
pursue the business opportunities previously pursued by the Company&#x2019;s VariGuard SmartGlass business unit. This new licensee continues
to use the VariGuard SmartGlass name. In addition to other employees at VariGuard SmartGlass Inc., one of the Company&#x2019;s officers
(Michael R. LaPointe) and one former officer (Seth L. Van Voorhees) are shareholders of VariGuard SmartGlass Inc. and, as consequence,
this transaction is a related party relationship which has been reviewed and approved by the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors pursuant
to the requirements of Delaware corporate law and the Company&#x2019;s Code of Ethics. Mr. LaPointe also remains a full-time employee
at the Company. In October 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the license agreement with VariGuard modifying its scope and
terms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</REFR:LicenseAndOtherAgreementsTextBlock>
    <REFR:RoyaltyEarnedPercentage
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_srt_MinimumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.05</REFR:RoyaltyEarnedPercentage>
    <REFR:RoyaltyEarnedPercentage
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_srt_MaximumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.15</REFR:RoyaltyEarnedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--CommitmentsDisclosureTextBlock_z3dspWkVj8th" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(8)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82B_zTfhx2TlHLrd"&gt;Commitments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has an employment agreement with its chief executive officer which provides for an annual base salary of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OfficersCompensation_pp0p0_c20220101__20221231__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember_zxmihk8i5w8a" title="Annual base salary"&gt;500,000&lt;/span&gt; for calendar
year 2023. This employment agreement has an evergreen provision that extends the term by &lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--LeaseExpirationTerm_dc_c20220101__20221231_zyGqkkf3NyN1" title="Lease expiration term"&gt;one year&lt;/span&gt; on the expiration date unless either
the Company or the employee has given notice that they will not be renewing the agreement upon the expiration of its term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has a defined contribution profit sharing (401k) plan covering employees who have completed one year of service. Contributions
are made at the discretion of the Company. The Company did not make any contributions to this plan for 2022 or 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. This determination generally depends on whether the arrangement conveys
the right to control the use of an identified fixed asset explicitly or implicitly for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Control of an underlying asset is conveyed if the Company obtains the rights to direct the use of, and to obtain substantially all of
the economic benefits from the use of, the underlying asset. Lease expense for variable leases and short-term leases is recognized when
the obligation is incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has operating leases for certain facilities, vehicles and equipment with a weighted average remaining lease term of &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20221231_zD4UpuKR7IFa"&gt;2.2&lt;/span&gt; years
as of December 31, 2022. Operating leases are included in right of use lease assets, other current liabilities and long-term lease liabilities
on the consolidated balance sheet. Right of use lease assets and liabilities are recognized at each lease&#x2019;s commencement date based
on the present value of its lease payments over its respective lease term. The Company does not have an established incremental borrowing
rate as it does not have any debt. The Company uses the stated borrowing rate for a lease when readily determinable. When the interest
rate implicit in its lease agreements is not readily determinable, the Company uses an interest rate based on the marketplace for public
debt. The weighted average discount rate associated with operating leases as of December 31, 2022 is &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_dp_uPure_c20221231_z3BLzuiRynja"&gt;5.5&lt;/span&gt;%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zAx0h0drVRNa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Maturities
of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zXUm8AnDarm7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Minimum Annual Future Rental Commitments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 70%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_493_20221231_zJG65TUiQvwl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December
    31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_zgckmM6UgQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 78%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Year
    1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;217,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwoAndThree_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_z0JykXCQXiK3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Years
    2-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;278,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFourAndFive_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_zfFsHJT1Pfw7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Years
    4-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0714"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_zMj7hOlsYq27" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0716"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pp0p0_mtLOLLPzBsY_zIXcah0G4amj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;495,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pp0p0_di_zbZ0tgrMymV6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Less:
    imputed lease interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(30,872)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pp0p0_zMyTkeoZJQ82" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Present
    value of lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;464,128&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zONChAzOoeEj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CommitmentsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OfficersCompensation
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31_srt_ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USD">500000</us-gaap:OfficersCompensation>
    <REFR:LeaseExpirationTerm contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">P1Y</REFR:LeaseExpirationTerm>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31">P2Y2M12D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">0.055</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zAx0h0drVRNa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Maturities
of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zXUm8AnDarm7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Minimum Annual Future Rental Commitments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 70%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_493_20221231_zJG65TUiQvwl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December
    31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_zgckmM6UgQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 78%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Year
    1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;217,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwoAndThree_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_z0JykXCQXiK3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Years
    2-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;278,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFourAndFive_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_zfFsHJT1Pfw7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Years
    4-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0714"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_iI_pp0p0_maLOLLPzBsY_zMj7hOlsYq27" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0716"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pp0p0_mtLOLLPzBsY_zIXcah0G4amj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;495,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pp0p0_di_zbZ0tgrMymV6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Less:
    imputed lease interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(30,872)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pp0p0_zMyTkeoZJQ82" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Present
    value of lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;464,128&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">217000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths>
    <REFR:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwoAndThree contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">278000</REFR:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwoAndThree>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">495000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">30872</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">464128</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <REFR:RightsPlanDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">&lt;p id="xdx_803_ecustom--RightsPlanDisclosureTextBlock_zb1X99w90a8c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(9)
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_828_zv8Pl00K0brd"&gt;Rights Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
February 2013, the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors adopted a Stockholders&#x2019; Rights Plan (the &#x201c;Rights Plan&#x201d;) and declared
a dividend distribution of one right (a &#x201c;Right&#x201d;) for each outstanding share of Company common stock to stockholders of record
at the close of business on March 3, 2003 (&#x201c;Record Time&#x201d;) and authorized the issuance of one Right in respect of each share
of Common Stock issued after the Record Time and prior to the Separation Time. The Rights Plan was readopted and extended in December
2022 until February 11, 2033.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x201c;Separation
Time&#x201d; shall mean the earlier of the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day (or such later date as the Board of Directors may
from time to time fix by resolution adopted prior to the Separation Time that otherwise would have occurred) following but not including
(i) the date on which any Person commences a tender or exchange offer that, if consummated, would result in such Person&#x2019;s becoming
an Acquiring Person, and (ii) the date of the first event causing a Flip-in Date to occur; provided that if any tender or exchange offer
referred to in clause (i) of this paragraph is cancelled, terminated or otherwise withdrawn prior to the Separation Time without the
purchase of any shares of Common Stock pursuant thereto, such offer shall be deemed, for purposes of this paragraph, never to have been
made.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Subject
to certain exceptions listed in the Rights Plan, if a person or group has acquired beneficial ownership of, or commences a tender or
exchange offer for, &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--PercentageOfAcquisitionThresholdInRightsAgreement_dp_uPure_c20220101__20221231_z3UhI6bYBMma" title="Percentage of acquisition threshold"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;% or more of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, unless redeemed by the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors, each
Right entitles the holder (other than the acquiring person) to purchase from the Company $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zyR9tzqoa225" title="Value of stock covered by each right"&gt;80&lt;/span&gt; worth of common stock for $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--DiscountPriceOfStock_iI_c20221231_zQXEYT7TmOea" title="Discount price of stock"&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;. If the Company
is merged into, or &lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--AcquiringAssetsPercent_iI_dp_uPure_c20221231_zTN8cEDlk8O6" title="Acquiring asset percent"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;% or more of its assets or earning power is sold to, the acquiring company, the Rights will also enable the holder
(other than the acquiring person) to purchase $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pp0p0_c20221231_zFXjWhl1hzZd" title="Value of stock covered by each right"&gt;80&lt;/span&gt; worth of common stock of the acquiring company for $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--DiscountPriceOfStock_iI_c20221231_zvyBX36ClgL8" title="Discount price of stock"&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;. During 2022, the Company extended
to expiration of The Rights to the close of business on &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--RightsPlanExpireDate_dd_c20220101__20221231_z0JDZkHp81qc" title="Rights plan expire date"&gt;February 11, 2033&lt;/span&gt;, unless the Rights Plan is extended by the Company&#x2019;s
Board of Directors or unless the Rights are earlier redeemed by the Company at a price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--RightsRedemptionPricePerShare_iI_c20221231_zahL2hiLipG4" title="Redemption price"&gt;0.0001&lt;/span&gt; per Right. The Rights are not exercisable
during the time when they are redeemable by the Company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
above description highlights some of the features of the Company&#x2019;s Rights Plan and is not a complete description of the Rights
Plan. A more detailed description and copy of the Rights Plan has been filed with the SEC and is available from the Company upon request.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</REFR:RightsPlanDisclosureTextBlock>
    <REFR:PercentageOfAcquisitionThresholdInRightsAgreement
      contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.15</REFR:PercentageOfAcquisitionThresholdInRightsAgreement>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USDPShares">80</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <REFR:DiscountPriceOfStock
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">40</REFR:DiscountPriceOfStock>
    <REFR:AcquiringAssetsPercent contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">0.50</REFR:AcquiringAssetsPercent>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      unitRef="USDPShares">80</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <REFR:DiscountPriceOfStock
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">40</REFR:DiscountPriceOfStock>
    <REFR:RightsPlanExpireDate contextRef="From2022-01-01to2022-12-31">2033-02-11</REFR:RightsPlanExpireDate>
    <REFR:RightsRedemptionPricePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.0001</REFR:RightsRedemptionPricePerShare>
</xbrl>
