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Shareholders’ Equity
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]  
Shareholders’ Equity

(6) Shareholders’ Equity

 

(a) Common Stock and Warrants

 

During 2021, the Company received proceeds of $86,262 and issued 74,610 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of outstanding options and warrants. In addition, during February 2023, the Company received proceeds of $484,503 and issued 358,891common shares in connection with the exercise of outstanding warrants.

 

On September 16, 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements from a group of private accredited investors to sell them 2.0 million shares of common stock of the Company at a price of $2.30 per share (which represents the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on September 14, 2022 which was the date that the transaction was agreed to). As of December 31, 2022, the Company received $3,450,000 under these subscription agreements and has issued 1,500,000 common shares and issued 1,500,000 warrants. In addition, the Company expects to receive the remaining $1,150,000 under these subscription agreements in March, 2023. The shares were issued to the investors in a private placement and, along with the shares issued in connection with the exercise of any warrants in the future, are not registered and therefore currently subject to at least a six-month holding period by the investor.

 

(b) Options and Warrants

 

(i) Employee Options

 

In 2019, the shareholders approved the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which provides for the granting of both incentive stock options at the fair market value at the date of grant and nonqualified stock options at the fair market value at the date of grant to employees or non-employees who, in the determination of the Board of Directors, have made or may make significant contributions to the Company in the future. The Company may also award stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, or restricted stock units under this plan. The Company initially reserved 1,400,000 shares of its common stock for issuance under this plan, and 307,500 options and other awards were available for issuance under this plan as of December 31, 2022.

 

At the discretion of the Board of Directors, options expire in ten years or less from the date of grant and are generally fully exercisable upon grant but in some cases may be subject to vesting in the future. Full payment of the exercise price may be made in cash or in shares of common stock valued at the fair market value thereof on the date of exercise, or by agreeing with the Company to cancel a portion of the exercised options.

 

The Company granted 178,000 fully vested options during 2022 and recorded share-based compensation of $232,291. The Company granted 198,000 fully vested options during 2021 and recorded share-based compensation of $217,008. The Company valued these grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

 

   2022   2021 
         
Fair value on grant date  $1.31   $1.10 
Expected dividend yield   -    - 
Expected volatility   81%   79%
Risk free interest rate   3.99%   1.26%
Expected term of the option   5 years    5 years 

 

 

 

Activity for stock options is summarized below:

 

   Number of Shares Subject to Option   Weighted Average Exercise Price   Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)   Aggregate Intrinsic Value 
                 
Balance at January 1, 2021   1,297,260   $4.09    5.8   $142,885 
                     
Granted   198,000   $1.72           
Cancelled   (155,050)  $5.38           
Exercised   (140,500)  $2.48           
Balance at December 31, 2021   1,199,710   $3.67    5.7   $21,870 
                     
Granted   178,000   $1.95           
Cancelled   (130,750)  $4.91           
Exercised   -   $-           
Balance at December 31, 2022   1,246,960   $3.35    5.8   $67,510 

 

All options are exercisable at December 31, 2022.

 

(ii) Warrants and Non-Employee Options

 

Activity in warrants is summarized below:

 

   Number of Shares Underlying Warrants Granted   Weighted Average Exercise Price 
       
         
Balance at January 1, 2021   1,399,991   $2.27 
           
Exercised   -      
Terminated   -      
Issued   -      
Balance at December 31, 2021   1,399,991   $2.27 
           
Exercised   -      
Terminated   -      
Issued   1,500,000    2.76 
Balance at December 31, 2022   2,899,991   $2.52 

 

In lieu of cash compensation, the Company has granted warrants to investors and non-employee options to consultants. These warrants and non-employee options vested ratably over various terms ranging from 12 to 59 months. The non-employee options are valued at fair value at the time that the related services are provided using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and marked to market quarterly using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. There are 2,899,991 warrants issued to investors that are outstanding that are accounted for as equity.

 

Warrants and non-employee options generally expire in five years from the date of issuance. At December 31, 2022, all warrants and non-employee options outstanding were exercisable.

 

 

(c) Restricted Stock Grants

 

During 2022 and 2021, the Company did not issue restricted stock to its directors and employees.