<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-22-035693.txt : 20220629
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220629080023
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-22-035693
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220628
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220629
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220629

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001388320
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				880378336
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-36374
		FILM NUMBER:		221051811

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		275 MADISON AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10016
		BUSINESS PHONE:		646-677-3875

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		275 MADISON AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10016

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Cactus Ventures, Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20070130
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES<br />
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<br />
Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_908_edei--DocumentType_c20220628__20220628_zaTX1NhreU33"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-06-28to2022-06-28" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the<br />
Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Former name or former address, if changed since
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (<span style="text-decoration: underline">see</span>
General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">Emerging growth company <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20220628__20220628_zoMweEdBKErk"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-06-28to2022-06-28" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As previously disclosed in a Registration Statement
on Form&#160;S-3 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<b><i>SEC</i></b>&#8221;) on August&#160;7, 2020, Actinium
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the &#8220;<b><i>Company</i></b>&#8221;) entered into a Capital on Demand&#8482; Sales Agreement (the
&#8220;<b><i>Original Sales Agreement</i></b>&#8221;) with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (&#8220;<b><i>JonesTrading</i></b>&#8221;),
dated August&#160;7, 2020, relating to the sale of shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, from time to
time through or to JonesTrading, acting as agent or principal, in an aggregate offering amount up to $200,000,000, in &#8220;at the market
offerings&#8221; as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<b><i>Securities Act</i></b>&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 28, 2022, the Company entered into an
Amendment and Restated Capital on Demand&#8482; Sales Agreement (the &#8220;<b><i>A&amp;R Sales Agreement</i></b>&#8221;) with JonesTrading
and B.&#160;Riley Securities, Inc. (&#8220;<b><i>B.&#160;Riley Securities</i></b>&#8221;). The A&amp;R Sales Agreement modifies the Original
Sales Agreement to include B.&#160;Riley Securities as an additional sales agent thereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the A&amp;R Sales
Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the A&amp;R Sales Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit&#160;1.1 to this
Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the A&amp;R
Sales Agreement were made solely for the benefit of the parties to the A&amp;R Sales Agreement. In addition, such representations, warranties
and covenants (i)&#160;are intended as a way of allocating the risk between the parties to the A&amp;R Sales Agreement and not as statements
of fact, and (ii)&#160;may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material by stockholders
of, or other investors in, the Company. Accordingly, the A&amp;R Sales Agreement is included with this filing only to provide investors
with information regarding the terms of transaction, and not to provide investors with any other factual information regarding the Company.
Stockholders should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the
actual state of facts or condition of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates. Moreover, information concerning the subject
matter of the representations and warranties may change after the date of the A&amp;R Sales Agreement, which subsequent information may
or may not be fully reflected in public disclosures.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Current Report on Form 8-K, including the
exhibits filed herewith, shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the securities discussed herein,
nor shall there be any offer, solicitation or sale of the securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful
prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such state.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(d)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Exhibits</td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">See the Exhibit Index below, which is incorporated
by reference herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><b>EXHIBIT INDEX</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit </b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 90%"><b>Description</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea161465ex1-1_actinium.htm">Amended and Restated Capital on Demand&#8482; Sales Agreement by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, and B. Riley Securities, Inc., dated June 28, 2022</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><b>Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Date: June&#160;29, 2022</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><i>/s/ Sandesh Seth</i></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 60%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 5%">Name:</td>
    <td style="width: 35%">Sandesh Seth</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Title:</td>
    <td>Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">3</p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1.1
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<FILENAME>ea161465ex1-1_actinium.htm
<DESCRIPTION>AMENDED AND RESTATED CAPITAL ON DEMANDTM SALES AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., JONESTRADING INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES LLC, AND B. RILEY SECURITIES, INC., DATED JUNE 28, 2022
<TEXT>
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<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
1.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ACTINIUM
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
Stock</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($0.001
par value per share)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended
and Restated Capital on Demand<FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&trade;</FONT> Sales Agreement</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June
28, 2022</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">JonesTrading
Institutional Services LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 220.5pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">211
East 43<SUP>rd</SUP> Street, 15<SUP>th</SUP> Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 220.5pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4.5in 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4.5in 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">B.
Riley Securities, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4.5in 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">299
Park Avenue, 21<SUP>st</SUP> Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4.5in 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10171</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4.5in 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actinium
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;) and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (the &ldquo;<U>JonesTrading</U>&rdquo;)
are parties to that certain Capital on Demand<SUP>TM</SUP> Sales Agreement, dated August 7, 2020 (the &ldquo;<U>Original Agreement</U>&rdquo;).
Together with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (&ldquo;<U>B. Riley Securities</U>&rdquo;; each of JonesTrading and B. Riley Securities individually
an &ldquo;<U>Agent</U>&rdquo; and together, the &ldquo;<U>Agents</U>&rdquo;), the Company and the Agents desire to amended and restate
the Original Agreement as set forth in this agreement (the &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;), and hereby agree as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.&nbsp;<U>Issuance
and Sale of Shares</U>. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through or to the Agents, as agent or principal, shares (the &ldquo;<U>Placement Shares</U>&rdquo;)
of common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share (the &ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;), <I>provided, however</I>, that in
no event shall the Company issue or sell, through or to the Agents, Placement Shares for an aggregate gross sales proceeds that would
exceed (a) the dollar amount of shares of Common Stock registered on the Registration Statement (as defined below), (b) the number of
authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock, or (c) the dollar amount of shares of Common Stock permitted to be sold under Form S-3,
or (d) the dollar amount of shares of Common Stock for which the Company has filed a Prospectus (as defined below) (the least of (a),
(b), (c) and (d), the &ldquo;<U>Maximum Amount</U>&rdquo;). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto
agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the amount of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement
shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Agents shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The
issuance and sale of Placement Shares hereunder will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement and at no earlier time than such
time as the Registration Statement shall have been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;),
although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to issue any Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof, the Company has filed, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules
and regulations thereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>&rdquo;), with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3, including
a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and
which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;). The prospectus included
as part of the registration statement, as amended, relates solely to the Placement Shares (the &ldquo;<U>Placement Prospectus</U>&rdquo;).
The Company will furnish to the Agents, for use by the Agents, copies of the Placement Prospectus. Except where the context otherwise
requires, such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated
by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule&nbsp;430B
or 462(b) under the Securities Act or any subsequent registration statement on Form S-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities
Act by the Company to cover any Placement Shares is herein called the &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>.&rdquo; The Placement Prospectus,
including all documents incorporated therein by reference, to the extent such information has not been superseded or modified in accordance
with Rule 412 under the Securities Act (as qualified by Rule 430B(g) of the Securities Act), included in the Registration Statement,
as it may be supplemented by one or more prospectus supplements together with any then issued Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (defined
below), is herein called the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus</U>.&rdquo; Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference
herein to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission deemed
to be incorporated by reference therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Placement Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall
be deemed to refer to and include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein (the &ldquo;<U>Incorporated Documents</U>&rdquo;),
including, unless the context otherwise requires, the documents, if any, filed as exhibits to such Incorporated Documents. Any reference
herein to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration Statement,
the Placement Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of
any document under the Exchange Act on or after the most-recent effective date of the Registration Statement, or the date of the Prospectus
or such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, and incorporated therein by reference. For purposes of this Agreement, all
references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include any copy
filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system, or if applicable, the Interactive
Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, &ldquo;<U>EDGAR</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.&nbsp;<U>Placements</U>.
Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a &ldquo;<U>Placement</U>&rdquo;), it will notify
an Agent (the &ldquo;<U>Designated Agent</U>&rdquo;) by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the Parties) of
the number or dollar value of Placement Shares to be sold, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation
on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one Trading Day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a
&ldquo;<U>Placement Notice</U>&rdquo;), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from
any of the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed
on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from the Designated Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule
3 may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice shall be effective unless and until (i)&nbsp;the Designated Agent declines to
accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii)&nbsp;the entire amount of the Placement Shares to be
sold thereunder have been sold, (iii)&nbsp;the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice for any reason, in its sole discretion,
(iv) the Company issues a subsequent Placement Notice with parameters superseding those of the earlier dated Placement Notice, or (v)&nbsp;this
Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of Section 12. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be
paid by the Company to the Designated Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with
the terms set forth in Schedule 2. It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Designated Agent will have
any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice
to the Designated Agent and the Designated Agent does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then
only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement
Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.&nbsp;<U>Sale
of Placement Shares by the Agents</U>. Subject to the provisions of <U>Section 5(a)</U>, the Designated Agent, for the period specified
in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable
state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the NYSE American (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange</U>&rdquo;), to sell the Placement
Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. The Designated Agent will
provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day immediately following the Trading Day on which
it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable
by the Company to the Designated Agent pursuant to <U>Section 2</U> with respect to such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below)
payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by the Designated Agent (as set forth in <U>Section 5(b)</U>) from
the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice, the Designated Agent may sell Placement
Shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an &ldquo;at the market offering&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;415(a)(4) under the
Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.&nbsp;<U>Suspension
of Sales</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;The
Company or the Designated Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals
of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom
the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence
to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; <I>provided, however</I>,
that such suspension shall not affect or impair any party&rsquo;s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior
to the receipt of such notice. Each party agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 shall be effective against any other party
unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto as associated with such other party, as such Schedule may be amended
in writing from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.&nbsp;<U>Sale
and Delivery to the Designated Agent; Settlement</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Sale
of Placement Shares</U><I>. </I> On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions
herein set forth, upon the Designated Agent&rsquo;s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement
Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Designated
Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading
and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified in such Placement Notice, and otherwise in accordance with
the terms of such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that the Designated Agent
will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the Designated Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any
other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Designated Agent to use its commercially
reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares
as required under this Agreement and (iii) the Designated Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal
basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the Designated Agent and the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>Settlement
of Placement Shares</U><I>. </I> Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares
will occur on the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following
the date on which such sales are made (each, a &ldquo;<U>Settlement Date</U>&rdquo;). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company
on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the &ldquo;<U>Net Proceeds</U>&rdquo;) will be equal to the aggregate
sales price received by the Designated Agent, after deduction for (i) the Designated Agent&rsquo;s commission, discount or other compensation
for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory
organization in respect of such sales.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;
<U>Delivery of Placement Shares</U>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically
transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Designated Agent&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s account (provided the Designated
Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository
Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon
by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each
Settlement Date, the Designated Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company
on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its
obligation to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date through no fault of the Designated Agent, the Company agrees that in addition
to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 10(a) hereto, it will (i) hold the Designated Agent harmless
against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable and documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses),
as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to the
Designated Agent (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled
absent such default.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;<U>Limitations
on Offering Size</U><I>. </I>Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if,
after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this
Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A)&nbsp;together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount and
(B)&nbsp;the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company&rsquo;s board of directors,
a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Designated Agent in writing. Under
no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower
than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company&rsquo;s board of directors, duly authorized committee thereof or a
duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Designated Agent in writing. Further, under no circumstances shall the Company
cause or permit the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement to exceed the Maximum Amount.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;<U>Sales
Through Agents</U>. The Company agrees that any offer to sell, any solicitation of an offer to buy, or any sales of Placement Shares
or any other equity security of the Company shall only be effected by or through an Agent, and only a single Agent, on any single given
date, and in no event shall the Company request that more than one Agent sell Shares on the same day; provided however that (i) the foregoing
limitation shall not apply to (A) exercise of any option, warrant, right or any conversion privilege set forth in the instruction governing
such securities, (B) sales solely to employees, directors or security holders of the Company or its subsidiaries, or to a trustee or
other person acquiring such securities for the accounts of such person and (ii) such limitation shall not apply (A) on any day during
which no sales are made pursuant to this Agreement or (B) during a period in which the Company has notified the Agents that it will not
sell Common Stock under this Agreement and (1) no Placement Notice is pending or (2) after a Placement Notice has been withdrawn.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.&nbsp;<U>Representations
and Warranties of the Company</U>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents),
the Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with each Agent that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time
(as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies otherwise:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Registration
Statement and Prospectus</U>. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet
the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has
been or will be filed with the Commission and has been or will be declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act prior
to the issuance of any Placement Notice by the Company. The Placement Prospectus will name each Agent as agent, in the section entitled
&ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo; The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending
the use of the Registration Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the
offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act and comply
in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in
the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been or will be so described
or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated
by reference therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available
through EDGAR, to the Agents and their counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date
and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering
or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to which
the Agents have consented. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, delisting the Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification
that the Commission or the Exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, it is in compliance
with all applicable listing requirements of the Exchange. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future
continue to be in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>No
Misstatement or Omission</U>. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment
or supplement thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects
with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date,
will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes
effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date
thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The
documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein
will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and
in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by the Agents specifically for use in the preparation thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;<U>Conformity
with Securities Act and Exchange Act</U>. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment
or supplement thereto, and the Incorporated Documents, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities
Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed and will conform in all
material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;<U>Financial
Information</U>. The financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) as of the dates indicated and the results of operations,
cash flows and changes in stockholders&rsquo; equity of the Company and the Subsidiaries for the periods specified (subject, in the case
of unaudited interim financial statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments) and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements
of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and in conformity with GAAP (as defined below) applied on a consistent basis (except for (i) such
adjustments to accounting standards and practices as are noted therein, (ii) in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, to
the extent such financial statements may not include footnotes required by GAAP or may be condensed or summary statements and (iii) such
adjustments which will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate) during the periods involved. The summary and selected
financial data with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement,
the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, fairly present in all material respects the information shown therein
as of the respective dates and for the respective periods specified and are derived from the financial statements set forth in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus and the other books and records of the Company. There are no financial statements that are required to be
included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated by reference
as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any
off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (excluding the exhibits thereto), and the Prospectus. All
disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses,
if any, regarding &ldquo;non-GAAP financial measures&rdquo; (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission)
comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the
extent applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;<U>Conformity
with EDGAR Filing</U>. The Prospectus delivered to the Agents for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to
this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR,
except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;<U>Organization</U>.
The Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, are, and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under
the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly licensed or qualified as
a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which its ownership
or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such license or qualification, and has all corporate power and authority
necessary to own or hold its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except
where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate,
have a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on or affecting the assets, business,
operations, earnings, properties, financial condition, prospects, stockholders&rsquo; equity or results of operations of the Company
and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, or prevent or materially interfere with consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (a
&ldquo;<U>Material Adverse Effect</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;<U>Subsidiaries</U>.
The Company&rsquo;s only Subsidiaries, if any, are set forth on Exhibit 21.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
most recently ended fiscal year. The Company owns directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of the Subsidiaries free and clear
of any lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction, and all the equity interests of the
Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive and similar rights.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)&nbsp;<U>No
Violation or Default</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is (i)&nbsp;in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational
documents; (ii)&nbsp;in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default,
in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement
or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound
or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is subject; or (iii)&nbsp;in violation of any law or statute
or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case of
each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which it or any Subsidiary
is a party is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;<U>No
Material Adverse Effect</U>. Subsequent to the latest date of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein), there has not been
(i) any Material Adverse Effect or the occurrence of any development that the Company reasonably expects will result in a Material Adverse
Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) any obligation or liability,
direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company or the Subsidiaries which is material to
the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) any material change in the capital stock or outstanding long-term indebtedness
of the Company or the Subsidiaries (other than (A) the grant of awards under equity incentive plans, (B) changes in the number of shares
of outstanding Common Stock due to exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for or convertible into Common Stock outstanding
as of the date of this Agreement, (C) any repurchase of capital stock of the Company, (D) as a result of the sale of Placement Shares
or (E) other than as publicly reported or announced) or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital
stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise disclosed in
the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)&nbsp;<U>Capitalization</U>.
The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and, other
than as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal
or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of options and restricted stock units under the Company&rsquo;s
existing stock option plans, or changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares
upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof) and
such authorized capital stock conforms in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus. The description of the securities of the Company in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate
in all material respects. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as of the date referred to therein, the
Company does not have outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations
convertible into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)&nbsp;<U>Authorization;
Enforceability</U>. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated
hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of
the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general equitable principles.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)&nbsp;<U>Authorization
of Placement Shares</U>. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of
the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly authorized, validly issued
and fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, including any statutory
or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to
Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the description thereof set
forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)&nbsp;<U>No
Consents Required</U>. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or
governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company is required for the execution, delivery and performance by
the Company this Agreement, the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations,
orders and registrations or qualifications as may been obtained or be required under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws
and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (&ldquo;<U>FINRA</U>&rdquo;) or the Exchange in connection with the sale of
the Placement Shares by the Agents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)&nbsp;<U>No
Preferential Rights</U>. (i) No person, as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each,
a &ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common
Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise or conversion of options
or warrants to purchase Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock), (ii)&nbsp;no
Person has any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, or any other similar rights (whether pursuant to a &ldquo;poison pill&rdquo;
provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, (iii) no
Person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement
Shares, and (iv)&nbsp;no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act
any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities
in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration
Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise, except for such rights as have been or will be duly
waived on or prior to the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)&nbsp;<U>Independent
Public Accountant</U>. Marcum LLP (the &ldquo;Accountant&rdquo;), whose report on the financial statements of the Company is filed with
the Commission as part of the Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference
into the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, are and, during the periods covered by their report, were an independent registered
public accounting firm with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Accountant is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the &ldquo;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>&rdquo;) with respect to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)&nbsp;<U>Enforceability
of Agreements</U>. All agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the Prospectus, other than such agreements
that have expired by their terms or the termination of which is disclosed in documents filed by the Company on EDGAR, are legal, valid
and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, except to the extent that (i)&nbsp;enforceability
may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and
by general equitable principles and (ii)&nbsp;the indemnification provisions of certain agreements may be limited by federal or state
securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof; except for any unenforceability that, individually or in the aggregate,
would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)&nbsp;<U>No
Litigation</U>. There are no legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings pending, nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
any legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the
Company or any Subsidiary is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary,
would have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this
Agreement; to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental
or regulatory authority or threatened by others that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any
Subsidiary, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (i)&nbsp;there are no current or pending legal, governmental
or regulatory audits or investigations, actions, suits or proceedings that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the
Prospectus that are not so described; and (ii)&nbsp;there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities
Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)&nbsp;<U>Licenses
and Permits</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have made all filings, applications and submissions required by, possesses and is operating
in compliance with, all approvals, licenses, certificates, consents, orders, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made
all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary
for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus (the &ldquo;<U>Permits</U>&rdquo;), except where the failure to possess, obtain or make the same would not,
individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received written notice
of any proceeding relating to revocation or modification of any such Permit or has any reason to believe that such Permit will not be
renewed in the ordinary course, except where the failure to obtain any such renewal would not, individually or in the aggregate, have
a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)&nbsp;<U>Regulatory
Filings</U>. The Company has not failed to file with the applicable regulatory authorities any required filing, declaration, listing,
registration, report or submission, except for such failures that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect; all such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in compliance
with applicable laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority with respect to any such
filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions, except for any deficiencies that, individually or in the aggregate,
would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)&nbsp;<U>Market
Capitalization</U>. (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement and (ii)&nbsp;at the time of the most recent amendment thereto
for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated
report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or form of prospectus), the Company met the then applicable requirements
for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, including compliance with General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3, as applicable. The Company
is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and has not been a shell company for at least 12 calendar months
previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed current Form 10 information (as defined in Instruction
I.B.6 of Form S-3) with the Commission at least 12 calendar months previously reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell
company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)&nbsp;<U>No
Material Defaults</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or
on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the filing
of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it (i)&nbsp;has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred
stock or (ii)&nbsp;has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases,
which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)&nbsp;<U>Certain
Market Activities</U>. Neither the Company, any Subsidiary nor any of its directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or would reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange
Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the
Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)&nbsp;<U>Broker/Dealer
Relationships</U>. Neither the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, nor any of the Company&rsquo;s affiliates (i)&nbsp;is required to register
as a &ldquo;broker&rdquo; or &ldquo;dealer&rdquo; in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii)&nbsp;directly or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a &ldquo;person associated with a member&rdquo; or &ldquo;associated person of a member&rdquo;
(within the meaning set forth in the rules and regulations of FINRA).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)&nbsp;<U>No
Reliance</U>. The Company has not relied upon the Agents or legal counsel for the Agents for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection
with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(y)&nbsp;<U>Taxes</U>.
The Company and the Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed and
paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good
faith, except where the failure to file or pay would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated
by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary which
has had, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state or other governmental
tax deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been asserted or threatened against it which would reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(z)&nbsp;<U>Title
to Real and Personal Property</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all items of real property owned
by them and good and valid title to all personal property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being owned by them
that are material to the businesses of the Company or such Subsidiary, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims,
except those that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries
or (ii) would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property described in the Registration
Statement or Prospectus as being leased by the Company and the Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases,
except those that (A)&nbsp;do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company or the
Subsidiaries or (B) would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aa)&nbsp;<U>Intellectual
Property</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries own or possess enforceable rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks
(both registered and unregistered), service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses
and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures)
(collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property</U>&rdquo;), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as conducted
as of the date hereof, except to the extent that the failure to own or possess adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
has received any written notice of any claim of infringement or conflict which asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which
infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending,
or to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings challenging the Company&rsquo;s or any
Subsidiary&rsquo;s rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s patents, patent
applications or proprietary information, except if such proceedings would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bb)&nbsp;<U>Environmental
Laws</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and the Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance
with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection
of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Environmental
Laws</U>&rdquo;); (ii) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable
Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and (iii) have
not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous
or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such
failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(cc)&nbsp;<U>Disclosure
Controls</U>. The Company maintains systems of internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that (i)&nbsp;transactions
are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations; (ii)&nbsp;transactions are recorded as necessary
to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability;
(iii)&nbsp;access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization; and (iv)&nbsp;the
recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with
respect to any differences. The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting (other
than as set forth in the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements of the
Company included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting (other
than as set forth in the Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating
to the Company is made known to the certifying officers by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the
Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, is being prepared. The Company&rsquo;s
certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90
days prior to the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Evaluation Date</U>&rdquo;).
The Company presented in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have
been no significant changes in the Company&rsquo;s internal controls or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, in other factors that would
be reasonably expected to significantly affect the Company&rsquo;s internal controls. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company&rsquo;s
&ldquo;internal controls over financial reporting&rdquo; and &ldquo;disclosure controls and procedures&rdquo; are effective.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(dd)&nbsp;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley</U>.
There has been no failure on the part of the Company or, any of the Company&rsquo;s directors or officers, in their capacities as such,
to comply with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the applicable rules and regulations promulgated thereunder in
all material respects. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or each former principal
executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made all certifications
required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents
required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission during the 12 months prior to the date of this Agreement. For purposes
of the preceding sentence, &ldquo;principal executive officer&rdquo; and &ldquo;principal financial officer&rdquo; shall have the meanings
given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ee)&nbsp;<U>Finder&rsquo;s
Fees</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has incurred any liability for any finder&rsquo;s fees, brokerage commissions or similar
payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to the Agents pursuant to
this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ff)&nbsp;<U>Labor
Disputes</U>. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any Subsidiary exists or, to the knowledge of the Company,
is threatened which would have a Material Adverse Effect</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(gg)&nbsp;<U>Investment
Company Act</U>. Neither the Company or any Subsidiary is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares, will
it be an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; or an entity &ldquo;controlled&rdquo; by an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such terms
are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Investment Company Act</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(hh)&nbsp;<U>Operations</U>.
The operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record
keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes
of all jurisdictions to which the Company or the Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar
rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Money Laundering
Laws</U>&rdquo;), except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect; and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental
agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending
or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;<U>Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements</U>. There are no transactions, arrangements and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or, to
the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance,
special purpose or limited purpose entity (each, an &ldquo;<U>Off Balance Sheet Transaction</U>&rdquo;) that would reasonably be expected
to affect materially the Company&rsquo;s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources required to be described
in the Prospectus which have not been described as required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(jj)&nbsp;<U>Other
Agreements</U>. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other &ldquo;at the market&rdquo; or
continuous equity transaction other than this Agreement.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(kk)&nbsp;<U>ERISA</U>.
To the knowledge of the Company, each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended (&ldquo;<U>ERISA</U>&rdquo;), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any
of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company and the Subsidiaries has been maintained in material compliance with
its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Code</U>&rdquo;); no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406
of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred which would result in a material liability to the Company with respect to any such
plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; and for each such plan that is subject to the
funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no &ldquo;accumulated funding deficiency&rdquo; as defined in Section
412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan (excluding for these
purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable
actuarial assumptions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ll)&nbsp;<U>Forward
Looking Statements</U>. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the
Exchange Act) (a &ldquo;<U>Forward Looking Statement</U>&rdquo;) contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (i) has been
made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith, and (iii) been prepared in accordance with
Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(mm)&nbsp;<U>Agent
Purchases</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Agents have informed the Company that the Agents may, to the extent permitted
under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, purchase and sell Common Stock for their own accounts while this Agreement is in effect,
provided, that (i)&nbsp;no such purchase or sales shall take place while a Placement Notice is in effect (except to the extent each Agent
may engage in sales of Placement Shares purchased or deemed purchased from the Company as a &ldquo;riskless principal&rdquo; or in a
similar capacity) <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">and (ii)</FONT>&nbsp;the Company shall not be deemed to have authorized or consented
to any such purchases or sales by the Agents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(nn)&nbsp;<U>Margin
Rules</U>. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company
as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(oo)&nbsp;<U>Insurance</U>.
The Company and the Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and the Subsidiaries
reasonably believe is adequate for the conduct of their business and as is customary for companies of similar size engaged in similar
businesses in similar industries.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(pp)&nbsp;<U>No
Improper Practices</U>. (i) Neither the Company nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries nor any of their respective executive
officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed fully to disclose
any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state,
municipal, or foreign office or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any law or of the character
required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or, to the
Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers and stockholders
of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be
described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists
between or among the Company or the Subsidiaries or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any affiliate of them, on the one hand, and the
directors, officers or stockholders of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries, on the other hand, that is
required by the rules of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv) there
are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
the Subsidiaries to or for the benefit of any of their respective officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any
of them; (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock to any person with the intent to influence
unlawfully (A) a customer or supplier of the Company or the Subsidiaries to alter the customer&rsquo;s or supplier&rsquo;s level or type
of business with the Company or the Subsidiaries or (B) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about
the Company or the Subsidiaries or any of their respective products or services, and, (vi) neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries nor,
to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or the Subsidiaries has made any payment of funds of the Company
or the Subsidiaries or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule or regulation (including, without limitation, the
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977), which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(qq)&nbsp;<U>Status
Under the Securities Act</U>. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act at
the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(rr)&nbsp;<U>No
Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</U>. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of
each Applicable Time (as defined below), did not, does not and will not, through the completion of the Placement for which such Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus is used or deemed used, include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information
contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not
been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Agents specifically for use therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ss)&nbsp;<U>No
Conflicts</U>. Neither the execution of this Agreement by the Company, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Placement Shares, nor
the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated herein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof
will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute a default
under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets
of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which any of the property
or assets of the Company is subject, except (i) such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may have been waived and (ii) such conflicts,
breaches and defaults that would not have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result (x) in any violation of the provisions
of the organizational or governing documents of the Company, or (y) in any violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule
or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state or other regulatory authority or other government body
having jurisdiction over the Company, other than in each case any such conflict, breach or violation that, individually or in the aggregate,
which would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(tt)&nbsp;<U>Compliance
with Applicable Laws</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries: (A) are and at all times have been in compliance with all statutes, rules
and regulations applicable to the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, marketing,
labeling, promotion, sale, offer for sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product under development, manufactured or distributed
by the Company or the Subsidiaries (&ldquo;<U>Applicable Laws</U>&rdquo;) except where the failure to be so in compliance would not reasonably
be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (b) have not received any Form 483 from the FDA, notice of adverse finding, warning
letter, or other written correspondence or notice from the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (the &ldquo;<U>EMA</U>&rdquo;), or any
other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority alleging or asserting material noncompliance with any Applicable
Laws or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by
any such Applicable Laws (&ldquo;<U>Authorizations</U>&rdquo;), which would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect; (C) possess all material Authorizations for the Company&rsquo;s current state of product development
as disclosed in the Registration Statement, and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and neither the Company nor
the Subsidiaries is in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations; (D) have not received written notice of any claim,
action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from the FDA, the EMA, or any other federal,
state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any Company product, operation or activity
is in material violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that the FDA, the EMA, or any other federal, state,
local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action,
suit, investigation or proceeding against the Company; (E) have not received notice that the FDA, EMA, or any other federal, state, local
or foreign governmental or regulatory authority has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any
material Authorizations and has no knowledge that the FDA, EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory
authority is considering such action; and (F) have filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all reports, documents, forms, notices, applications,
records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations for the Company&rsquo;s
current state of product development as disclosed in the registration Statement, except where the failure to file such reports, documents,
forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments would not result in a Material Adverse Effect,
and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were materially
complete and correct on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(uu)&nbsp;<U>Clinical
Studies</U>. All animal and other preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by the Company or to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge
on behalf of the Company were, and, if still pending are, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, being conducted in all material respects
in compliance with all Applicable Laws and in accordance with experimental protocols, procedures and controls generally used by qualified
experts in the preclinical study and clinical trials of new drugs and biologics as applied to comparable products to those being developed
by the Company; the descriptions of the results of such preclinical studies and clinical trials contained in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus are accurate in all material respects, and, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
the Company has no knowledge of any other clinical trials or preclinical studies, the results of which reasonably call into question
the clinical trial or preclinical study results described or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus when viewed
in the context in which such results are described; and the Company has not received any written notices or correspondence from the FDA,
the EMA, or any other domestic or foreign governmental agency requiring the termination or suspension of any preclinical studies or clinical
trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or the results of
which are referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vv)&nbsp;<U>Compliance
Program.</U> The Company has taken such steps as the Company, believes are reasonable and appropriate to comply in all material respects
with applicable regulatory guidelines (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA, the EMA, and any other foreign,
federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA or EMA); except
where such noncompliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ww)&nbsp;<U>Sanctions</U>.
(i) The Company represents that, neither it nor any Subsidiary (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Entity</U>&rdquo;) nor, any director, officer,
employee, nor to the Entity&rsquo;s knowledge, any agent, affiliate or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or
entity (in this paragraph (uu), &ldquo;<U>Covered Person</U>&rdquo;) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Covered Person that is:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;the
subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury&rsquo;s Office of Foreign Assets Control (&ldquo;<U>OFAC</U>&rdquo;),
the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty&rsquo;s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively,
&ldquo;<U>Sanctions</U>&rdquo;), nor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;located,
organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions administered by OFAC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Entity represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise
make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Covered Person:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;to
fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Covered Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such
funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;in
any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Covered Person (including any Covered Person participating in the
offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Entity represents and covenants that, except as detailed in the Prospectus, for the past 5 years, it has not knowingly engaged in, is
not now knowingly engaged in, and will not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Covered Person, or in any country
or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(xx)&nbsp;<U>Stock
Transfer Taxes</U>. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required to be paid
in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided
for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with in all material respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(yy)&nbsp;<U>IT
Systems</U>. (i)(x)There has been no security breach or attack or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&rsquo;s and its
subsidiaries&rsquo; information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective
customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology (&ldquo;<U>IT
Systems and Data</U>&rdquo;), and (y) the Company and its subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event
or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any security breach, attack or compromise to their IT Systems and Data, (ii)
the Company and each of its subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in compliance with, all applicable laws, statutes or any judgment,
order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority and all industry guidelines, standards,
internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such
IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification and (iii) the Company and each of its subsidiaries
have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(zz)&nbsp;<U>FINRA
Exemption</U>. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company meets the definition of an &ldquo;experienced issuer&rdquo; as defined in
FINRA Rule 5110(j)(6) for purposes of the exemption from filing under FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(h)(1)(C).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agents or to counsel for the Agents pursuant to or by the express
terms of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agents as to the matters
set forth therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.&nbsp;<U>Covenants
of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees with the Agents that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Registration
Statement Amendments</U>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares
is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied
pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), (i)&nbsp;the Company will notify the Agents promptly of the time when any subsequent
amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to
the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus
or for additional information related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (ii)&nbsp;the Company will prepare and file
with the Commission, promptly upon the Agents&rsquo; reasonable request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement
or Prospectus that, in the Agents&rsquo; reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the
Placement Shares by the Agents (provided, however, that the failure of the Agents to make such request shall not relieve the Company
of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents&rsquo; right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the
Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure to make such
filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); (iii)&nbsp;the Company will
not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, relating
to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents within
a reasonable period of time before the filing and the Agents have not reasonably objected thereto in writing within two (2) Business
Days (provided, however, that (A) the failure of the Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or
liability hereunder, or affect the Agents&rsquo; right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement
and (B) the Company has no obligation to provide the Agents any advance copy of such filing or to provide the Agents an opportunity to
object to such filing if the filing does not name the Agents or does not relate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and
provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to obtain such consent shall
be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to the Agents at the time of filing thereof a copy of any
document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents
available via EDGAR; and (iv)&nbsp;the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission
as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated
therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed (the
determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section 7(a), based on the Company&rsquo;s
reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>Notice
of Commission Stop Orders</U>. The Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of
the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of
the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening
of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop
order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the Agents promptly after it receives
any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information
related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;<U>Delivery
of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes</U>. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered
by the Agents under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, (including in circumstances where
such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts
to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their
respective due dates (taking into account any extensions available under the Exchange Act) all reports and any definitive proxy or information
statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision
of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under
the Securities Act, it will use commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with
the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430B and to notify the Agents promptly of all such filings. If during such period any event occurs
as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during
such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company
will promptly notify the Designated Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly
amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission
or effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company may delay the filing of any amendment or supplement, if in the judgment
of the Company, it is in the best interests of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;<U>Listing
of Placement Shares</U>. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the
Agents under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, the Company will use commercially reasonable
efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;<U>Delivery
of Registration Statement and Prospectus</U>. The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the reasonable expense of
the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all
amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during any period in which
a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all documents filed with
the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable
and in such quantities as the Agents may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agents&rsquo; reasonable request, will also
furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that
the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to the Agents or their counsel to the extent such
document is available on EDGAR.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;<U>Earnings
Statement</U>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than
15 months after the end of the Company&rsquo;s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies
the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 under the Securities Act, provided that the Company will be deemed
to have furnished such statements to its security holders to the extent they are filed with the Commission on EDGAR.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;<U>Use
of Proceeds</U>. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled &ldquo;Use of Proceeds.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)&nbsp;<U>Notice
of Other Sales</U>. Without prior written notice to the Agents, the Company will not, (A) directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell,
contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant
to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common
Stock during the period beginning on the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to the Agents hereunder and ending on the second
(2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement
Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement
Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); provided, however, that such restrictions will not apply in connection with the
Company&rsquo;s issuance, grant or sale of (i)&nbsp;Common Stock, restricted stock units, options to purchase Common Stock or Common
Stock issuable upon the exercise of options, or the vesting of any of the foregoing, pursuant to any stock option or benefits plan, stock
ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment
plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented, (ii)&nbsp;Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or
the exercise of warrants, options, convertible notes or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company
available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to the Agents and (iii) Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares
of Common Stock issued in privately negotiated transactions to vendors, customers or other commercial or strategic partners or potential
commercial or strategic partners, as consideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations or strategic alliances occurring
after the date of this Agreement which are not issued for capital raising purposes and (B) directly or indirectly in any other continuous
&ldquo;at the market&rdquo; offering similar to the continuous offering contemplated by this Agreement to sell, sell, contract to sell,
grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement)
or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to
the termination of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;<U>Change
of Circumstances</U>. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice advise the Agents promptly after it shall
have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any
opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)&nbsp;<U>Due
Diligence Cooperation</U>. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents or their representatives
in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents
and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company&rsquo;s principal offices, as the Agents may reasonably
request, all upon reasonable advance notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)&nbsp;<U>Required
Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares</U>. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require with
respect to the Placement Shares, the Company will (i)&nbsp;file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph
of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a &ldquo;<U>Filing Date</U>&rdquo;), which prospectus
supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through the Agents, the Net Proceeds to the
Company and the compensation payable by the Company to the Agents with respect to such Placement Shares, and (ii)&nbsp;deliver such number
of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules
or regulations of such exchange or market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)&nbsp;<U>Representation
Dates; Certificate</U>. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice delivered by the Company to the Agents (such date, the
&ldquo;<U>First Placement Date</U>&rdquo;) and each time the Company:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Placement Shares)
the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement
but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement
Shares;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing amended financial information or a material
amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)
files a quarterly report on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)
files a current report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information &ldquo;furnished&rdquo; pursuant
to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form&nbsp;8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of
certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange
Act;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(each
date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a &ldquo;<U>Representation Date.</U>&rdquo;)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
Company shall furnish the Agents (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if the Agents reasonably determine that the information contained
in such Form 8-K is material) with a certificate dated the Representation Date, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l). The requirement
to provide a certificate under this Section 7(l) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement
Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder
(which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date; provided, however,
that such waiver shall not apply for any Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on
such waiver and did not provide the Agents with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Company delivers the Placement
Notice or the Agents sell any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate, in the form attached hereto
as Exhibit 7(l), dated the date of the Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)&nbsp;<U>Legal
Opinion and Negative Assurance Letter</U>. (1) On or before the First Placement Date, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the
Agents a written opinion and negative assurance letter of Haynes and Boone, LLP (&ldquo;<U>Company Counsel</U>&rdquo;), or other counsel
reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, each in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents and their counsel; and (2) within
five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form
attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents a negative assurance
letter of Company Counsel, or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the
Agents and their counsel; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, the Company shall not be required to furnish any such letter if the Company
does not intend to deliver a Placement Notice in such calendar quarter until such time as the Company delivers its next Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)&nbsp;<U>Comfort
Letter</U>. (1) On or before the First Placement Date and (2) within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date, other than pursuant
to Section 7(l)(iii), with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause its independent accountants to furnish the Agents letters (the &ldquo;<U>Comfort
Letters</U>&rdquo;), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n).
The Comfort Letter from the Company&rsquo;s independent accountants shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents,
(i) confirming that they are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Account
Oversight Board, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and
other matters ordinarily covered by accountants&rsquo; &ldquo;comfort letters&rdquo; to underwriters in connection with registered public
offerings (the first such letter, the &ldquo;<U>Initial Comfort Letter</U>&rdquo;) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with
any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary
to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)&nbsp;<U>Market
Activities</U>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i)&nbsp;take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes
or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of Common Stock or (ii)&nbsp;sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any
compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agents; provided, however, that the Company may bid for
and purchase shares of its Common Stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)&nbsp;<U>Investment
Company Act</U>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor the Subsidiaries
will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such term is defined
in the Investment Company Act, <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">assuming no change in the Commission&rsquo;s current interpretation
as to entities that are not considered an investment company</FONT>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)&nbsp;<U>No
Offer to Sell</U>. Other than the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and the Agents
in their capacity as agents hereunder, neither the Agents nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Agents
in their capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405
under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to
buy Placement Shares hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)&nbsp;<U>Blue
Sky and Other Qualifications</U><I>. </I> The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the Agents, to
qualify the Placement Shares for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Placement Shares to be offered and sold, under
the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Agents may designate and to maintain
such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares (but in no event for
less than one year from the date of this Agreement); <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the Company shall not be obligated to file
any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in
which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise
so subject. In each jurisdiction in which the Placement Shares have been so qualified or exempt, the Company will file such statements
and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction to continue such qualification or exemption, as the case may be, in effect
for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)&nbsp;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley
Act</U>. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The Company will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting its assets and
maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and including
those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary
to permit the preparation of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, (iii) that
receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management&rsquo;s and the Company&rsquo;s directors&rsquo;
authorization, and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition
of the Company&rsquo;s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company will maintain such controls and other
procedures, including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations
thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and
forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company
in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company&rsquo;s management, including
its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to it by others
within the organization, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.&nbsp;<U>Payment
of Expenses</U>. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i)
the preparation, filing, including any fees required by the Commission, and printing of the Registration Statement (including financial
statements and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto, in such number as the Agents shall reasonably
deem necessary, (ii) the printing and delivery to the Agents of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required in connection
with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants
and other advisors to the Company, (iv) the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses of the Agents, including reasonable and
documented fees and disbursements of counsel to the Agents incurred in connection with (a) entering into the transactions contemplated
by the Original Agreement and this Agreement in an amount not to exceed $50,000 in the aggregate, (b) the filing of an additional prospectus
or prospectus supplement relating to Placement Shares in an amount not to exceed $25,000 and (b) ongoing diligence arising from the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement in an amount not to exceed $10,000 in the aggregate per calendar year; (v) the printing and delivery to
the Agents of copies of any Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (defined below) and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements
thereto in such number as the Agents shall deem reasonably necessary, (vi) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Agents of copies
of the blue sky survey, (vii) the documented fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock, (viii) the reasonable
and documented fees and expenses incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares, including fees and
expenses of counsel to the Agents, and (ix) the documented fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement
Shares on the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9.&nbsp;<U>Conditions
to the Agent&rsquo;s Obligations</U>. The obligations of the Agents hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject to the continuing
accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company of
its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agents of a due diligence review satisfactory to them in their reasonable judgment,
and to the continuing reasonable satisfaction (or waiver by the Agents in their sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Registration
Statement Effective</U>. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for the sale of all Placement
Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>No
Material Notices</U>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i)&nbsp;receipt by the Company of any request
for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness
of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus; (ii)&nbsp;the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii)&nbsp;receipt by the Company
of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares
for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv)&nbsp;the occurrence of any
event that makes any statement of material fact made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated
or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or Incorporated Documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;<U>No
Misstatement or Material Omission</U>. The Agents shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or
any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agents&rsquo; reasonable opinion, in consultation
with outside counsel, is material, or omits to state a fact that in the Agents&rsquo; reasonable opinion is material and is required
to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;<U>Material
Changes</U>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company&rsquo;s reports filed with the Commission, there shall
not have been any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that would reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect, or
a downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned to any of the Company&rsquo;s securities (other than asset backed securities) by
any rating organization or a public announcement by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any
of the Company&rsquo;s securities (other than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization
described above, in the reasonable judgment of the Agents (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise
have), is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and
in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;<U>Legal
Opinion</U>. The Agents shall have received the opinion and the negative assurance letter of Company Counsel required to be delivered
pursuant to Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion and letter, as applicable, is required pursuant
to Section 7(m).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;<U>Comfort
Letter</U>. The Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(n) on or before the date
on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;<U>Representation
Certificate</U>. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the date
on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(l).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)&nbsp;<U>Secretary&rsquo;s
Certificate</U>. On or prior to the first Representation Date, the Agents shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the
Company by its corporate Secretary, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agents and their counsel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;<U>No
Suspension</U>. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange, and the Common Stock shall not have been delisted
from the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)&nbsp;<U>Other
Materials</U>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l), the Company shall have
furnished to the Agents such appropriate further information, certificates and documents as the Agents may reasonably request. All such
opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will furnish the Agents
with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as the Agents shall reasonably request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)&nbsp;<U>Securities
Act Filings Made</U>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act with respect to the Placement Shares
to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed
for such filing by Rule 424.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)&nbsp;<U>Approval
for Listing</U>. The Placement Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance,
or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any
Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)&nbsp;<U>FINRA</U>.
FINRA shall have raised no objection to the terms of this offering and the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Agents
as described in the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)&nbsp;<U>No
Termination Event</U>. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agents to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section
12(a).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.&nbsp;<U>Indemnification
and Contribution</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Company
Indemnification</U>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Agents, their partners, members, directors, officers, employees
and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Agents within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20
of the Exchange Act as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;against
any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission
or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;against
any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount
paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,
or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided
that (subject to Section&nbsp;10(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent shall
not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)&nbsp;against
any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred
in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body,
commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement
or omission, of the Company to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i)&nbsp;or (ii)&nbsp;above,</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising
out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with written
information furnished to the Company by any Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any
related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>Indemnification
by the Agents</U>. Each Agent, severally and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each
officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i)&nbsp;controls the Company within the meaning
of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii)&nbsp;is controlled by or is under common control with the
Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 10(a), as incurred,
but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement
(or any amendments thereto) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information
relating to such Agent and furnished to the Company in writing by such Agent expressly for use therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;<U>Procedure</U>.
Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 10 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement
of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section
10, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so
to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i)&nbsp;any liability that it may have to any indemnified
party otherwise than under this Section 10 and (ii)&nbsp;any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing
provision of this Section 10 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses
by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its
commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice
to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any
other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified
party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying
party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable
and documented costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified
party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will
be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1)&nbsp;the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in
writing by the indemnifying party, (2)&nbsp;the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may
be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying
party, (3)&nbsp;a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified
party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on
behalf of the indemnified party) or (4)&nbsp;the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action
within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable and documented
fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the
indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable
for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at
any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying
party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice related to fees, disbursements and other reasonable charges in
detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written
consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to
the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section
10 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1)&nbsp;includes an unconditional
release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2)&nbsp;does
not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;<U>Contribution</U>.
In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs
of this Section 10 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or an Agent,
the Company and such Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative,
legal and other expenses reasonably incurred and documented in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit
or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the Agents,
such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration
Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the Agents may be subject in
such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the
other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the
same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear
to the total compensation received by the Agents (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company.
If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution
shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but
also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and such Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission
that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the
untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information
supplied by the Company or such Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity
to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and each Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions
pursuant to this Section 10(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into
account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss,
claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 10(d) shall be deemed to include,
for the purpose of this Section 10(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating
or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 10(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of
this Section 10(d), an Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement
and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled
to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 10(d), any person
who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or
agents of an Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each director of the Company and each officer of the
Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions
hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect
of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 10(d), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution
may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other
obligation it or they may have under this Section 10(d) except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially
prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant
to the last sentence of Section 10(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without
its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section 10(c) hereof. The Agents&rsquo; respective obligations to contribute
pursuant to this Section 11(d) are several in proportion to the respective number of Placement Shares they have sold hereunder, and not
joint.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.&nbsp;<U>Additional
Covenants</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Representations
and Covenants of the Agents</U>. Each Agent represents and warrants that it is duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange
Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states
in which such Agent is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required. Each Agent shall continue, for the term
of this Agreement, to be duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations
of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which such Agent is exempt from registration
or such registration is not otherwise required, during the term of this Agreement. Each Agent shall comply with all applicable law and
regulations in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the issuance and sale through such Agent of
the Placement Shares</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>Representations
and Agreements to Survive Delivery</U>. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 10 of this Agreement and all representations
and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless
of (i)&nbsp;any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agents, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective
officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii)&nbsp;delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii)&nbsp;any
termination of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12.&nbsp;<U>Termination</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;Each
Agent may terminate this Agreement with respect to itself, by written notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1)&nbsp;if
there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any
Material Adverse Effect, or any development that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect has occurred, which
in the reasonable judgment of such Agent, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares,
(2)&nbsp;if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial
markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective
change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make
it, in the judgment of such Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of
the Placement Shares, (3)&nbsp;if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if
trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (4) if
any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and
be continuing, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred and
be continuing, or (6)&nbsp;if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination
shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 (Expenses), Section 10 (Indemnification),
Section 11 (Survival of Representations), Section 17 (Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction) and Section 18 (Waiver of Jury Trial) hereof
shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If an Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in
this Section 12(a), such Agent shall provide the required written notice as specified in Section 13 (Notices).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;The
Company shall have the right by giving ten (10) days written notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement with respect
to each Agent in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of
any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall
remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;Each
Agent shall have the right by giving ten (10) days written notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement with respect to
itself in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party
to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall remain in
full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;Unless
earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 12, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of the
Placement Shares through the Agents on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; provided that the provisions of Section
8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;This
Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 12(a), (b), (c), or (d) above or otherwise by
mutual agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide
that Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 shall remain in full force and effect. To the extent this Agreement
is terminated by one Agent or by the Company with respect to one Agent pursuant to Sections 12(a) (b) or (c) above, this Agreement shall
terminate only with respect to such Agent and shall remain in full force and effect with respect to the Company and the other Agents,
unless and until terminated pursuant to Sections 12(a), (b), (c), or (d) above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;Any
termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however, that such termination
shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by an Agent or the Company, as the case may
be; provided, further, any termination of this Agreement in accordance with the terms of Section 12(b) or (c) shall not be effective
until the date that is ten days after the date of such written notice. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for
any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;Subject
to the additional limitations set forth in Section 8 of this Agreement, in the event of termination of this Agreement prior to the sale
of any Placement Shares, each Agent shall be entitled only to reimbursement of its out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.&nbsp;<U>Notices</U>.
All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement
shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agents, shall be delivered to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">JonesTrading
Institutional Services LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">900
Island Park Drive, Suite 200</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Daniel
Island, SC 29492</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Burke Cook</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
burke@jonestrading.com</FONT></P>
</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>and</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">B.
Riley Securities, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">299
Park Avenue, 21<SUP>st</SUP> Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10171</FONT></P>

</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; width: 75%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General
    Counsel</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Telephone:&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(212)
    457-9947</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">atmdesk@brileyfin.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">with
a copy to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Duane
Morris, LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1540
Broadway</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10036&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Dean M. Colucci</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
DMColucci@duanemorris.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">and
if to the Company, shall be delivered to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actinium
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">275
Madison Avenue, 7<SUP>th</SUP> Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10016</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Steve O&rsquo;Loughlin</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
soloughlin@actinium.com&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">with
a copy to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Haynes
and Boone, LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30
Rockefeller Plaza, 26th Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10012</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Rick A. Werner, Esq.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
rick.werner@haynesboone.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address
for such purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i)&nbsp;when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile
transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30&nbsp;p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day (as defined below) or, if
such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii)&nbsp;on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized
overnight courier and (iii)&nbsp;on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return
receipt requested, postage prepaid).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
electronic communication (&ldquo;<U>Electronic Notice</U>&rdquo;) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 13 if sent
to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the
time the party sending Electronic Notice receives verification of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice
may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (&ldquo;<U>Nonelectronic Notic</U>e&rdquo;)
which shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14.&nbsp;<U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and each Agent and their respective successors
and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 10 hereof. References to any of the parties contained
in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or
implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any
rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither
party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party; provided, however,
that each Agent may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate thereof without obtaining the Company&rsquo;s consent,
so long as such affiliate is a registered broker dealer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15.&nbsp;<U>Adjustments
for Stock Splits</U>. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted
to take into account any stock split, stock dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16.&nbsp;<U>Entire
Agreement; Amendment; Severability</U>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued
pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both
written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be
amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Agents. In the event that any one or more of the provisions
contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of
competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal
and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable
term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms
and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>17.&nbsp;<U>GOVERNING
LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</U>. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY
IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING
OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18.&nbsp;<B><U>CONSENT
TO JURISDICTION</U>. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING
IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED
HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY
SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE
OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS
BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED)
TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND
SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS
IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19.&nbsp;<U>Use
of Information</U>.&nbsp;The Agents may not use any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement, including due diligence, to advise any party with respect to transactions not expressly approved by the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20.&nbsp;<U>Counterparts</U>.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall
constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile or other
electronic transmission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.&nbsp;<U>Effect
of Headings</U>. The section and Exhibit&nbsp;headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22.&nbsp;<U>Permitted
Free Writing Prospectuses</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Agents (which consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld or delayed), and the Agents represent, warrant and agree that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, it has not
made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would
otherwise constitute a &ldquo;free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;405, required to be filed with the Commission.
Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may be (a &ldquo;<U>Permitted Free Writing
Prospectus</U>&rdquo;). The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing
Prospectus as an &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, and has complied and will comply with the
requirements of Rule&nbsp;433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where
required, legending and record keeping.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.&nbsp;<U>Absence
of Fiduciary Relationship</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company acknowledges and agrees that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;Each
Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction
contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company
or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand,
and the Agents, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
irrespective of whether or not any Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and the Agents have no obligation to
the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;it
is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;the
Agents have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;it
is aware that the Agents and their affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from
those of the Company and the Agents have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary,
advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;it
waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Agents for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach
of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that the Agents shall not have any
liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person
asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect
of the Agents&rsquo; obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to the Agents and the Agents&rsquo;
counsel confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly-available.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24.&nbsp;<U>Definitions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Applicable
Time</U>&rdquo; means (i) each Representation Date, (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, and
(iii) each Settlement Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus</U>&rdquo; means any &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, relating to the
Placement Shares that (1)&nbsp;is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2)&nbsp;is a &ldquo;road show&rdquo; that
is a &ldquo;written communication&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission,
or (3)&nbsp;is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Placement Shares or of
the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if
not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company&rsquo;s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Rule
172</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule 405</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule 415</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule 424</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;424(b)</U>,&rdquo;
&ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;430B</U>,&rdquo; and &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;433</U>&rdquo; refer to such rules under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means any subsidiary of the Company that may be identified on Exhibit 21.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
most recently ended fiscal year, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or
acquired after the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day on which shares of Common Stock are purchased and sold on the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included&rdquo;
or &ldquo;stated&rdquo; in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to
mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall
be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433, are not required to be filed with the Commission)
shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to &ldquo;supplements&rdquo;
to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, &ldquo;wrappers&rdquo; or similar materials prepared in connection
with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agents outside of the United States.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Agents, please so indicate in the space provided below
for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Agents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. </B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 31%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Sandesh Seth</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Sandesh
        Seth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief
        Executive Officer</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>JONESTRADING INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
    LLC</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Trent McNair</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 31%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Trent
                           McNair</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>B. RILEY SECURITIES, INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Patrice McNicoll</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 31%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Patrice
                           McNicoll</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Co-Head of Investment Banking</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SCHEDULE
1</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FORM
OF PLACEMENT NOTICE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 83%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ACTINIUM
    PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[JONESTRADING
    INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES LLC][B. RILEY SECURITIES, INC.]</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:&nbsp;&nbsp;_____________________</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Placement
    Notice</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Amended and Restated Capital on Demand<B>&trade;</B> Sales Agreement between
Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;) and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC and B. Riley Securities,
Inc., dated June 28, 2022, the Company hereby requests that [<I>Identify Designated Agent</I>] sell up to ____________ of the Company&rsquo;s
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a minimum market price of $_______ per share, during the time period beginning [month, day,
time] and ending [month, day, time].</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SCHEDULE
2</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall pay to the Designated Agent in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to
3.0% of the gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SCHEDULE
3</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Notice
Parties</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>The
Company</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sandesh
Seth</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 80%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sseth@actiniumpharma.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Steve O&rsquo;Loughlin</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">soloughlin@actiniumpharma.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gary
    Siegel</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">gsiegel@actiniumpharma.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>JonesTrading</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moe
Cohen</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 80%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">moec@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bryan Turley</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">bturley@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">John D&rsquo;Agostini</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">johnd@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ryan Gerety</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ryang@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Burke Cook</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">burke@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ryan Loforte</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">rloforte@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
a copy to JTCM@jonestrading.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>B.
Riley Securities</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Matt Feinberg</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 80%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">mfeinberg@brileyfin.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patrice McNicoll</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pmcnicoll@brileyfin.com&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Keith Pompliano</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">kpompliano@brileyfin.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Scott Ammaturo</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sammaturo@brileyfin.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">with
a copy to atmdesk@brileyfin.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 41 -->
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>EXHIBIT
7(l)</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Form
of Representation Date Certificate</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>____________________,
20__</B><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Representation Date Certificate (this &ldquo;<U>Certificate</U>&rdquo;) is executed and delivered in connection with Section 7(l) of
the Amended and Restated Capital on Demand<B>&trade;</B> Sales Agreement (the &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;), dated June 28, 2022,
and entered into by and among Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), JonesTrading Institutional Services
LLC and B. Riley Securities, Inc. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the
Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned, a duly appointed and authorized officer of the Company, having made all necessary inquiries to establish the accuracy of
the statements below and having been authorized by the Company to execute this certificate, hereby certifies as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.&nbsp;As
of the date of this Certificate, (i) the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading and (ii) neither the
Registration Statement nor the Prospectus contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading and (iii) no event has occurred as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make
the statements therein not untrue or misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.&nbsp;Each
of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement (<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">A) to the extent
such representations and warranties are subject to qualifications and exceptions contained therein relating to materiality or Material
Adverse Effect, are true and correct on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the
date hereof, except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were true and correct
as of such date, and (B) to the extent such representations and warranties are not subject to any qualifications or exceptions, are true
and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof as if made on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as
if expressly made on and as of the date hereof except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date
and which were so true and correct as of such date; and</FONT>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.&nbsp;Each
of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation
Date, and each such other date as set forth in the Agreement, has been duly, timely and fully performed in all material respects and
each condition required to be complied with by the Company on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each
such other date as set forth in the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.&nbsp;Subsequent
to the date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, there has been no Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.&nbsp;No
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been issued, and no proceedings for
that purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by any securities or other governmental authority (including, without
limitation, the Commission).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.&nbsp;No
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the qualification or registration of the Placement Shares under the
applicable securities or blue sky laws of any applicable jurisdiction are in effect and no proceeding for such purpose is pending before,
or threatened, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge or in writing by, any applicable securities or other governmental authority (including, without
limitation, the Commission).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned has executed this Representation Date Certificate as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ACTINIUM
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. </B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:<U></U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; width: 35%"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>atnm-20220628_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140369240535152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 28, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 28,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-36374<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001388320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">74-2963609<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">275
Madison Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">7th
Floor<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">New York<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">10016<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">646<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">677-3870<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ATNM<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
