0000912061 Natural Health Trends Corp. false --12-31 Q3 2025 0.001 0.001 5,000,000 5,000,000 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 50,000,000 50,000,000 12,979,414 12,979,414 1,466,339 1,466,339 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 14 1 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 35,000 10 3 2 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 6.9 27,000 90 1 1 false false false false Substantially all of our Hong Kong revenues are derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this report and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other segment items include credit card fees and assessments, marketing-related costs, professional fees and other business expenses. Our China subsidiary maintains an e-commerce retail platform and does not pay commissions. FASB Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable market data, when available, and prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in the following categories: Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. Other assets primarily include cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, but also includes all other current and noncurrent assets. 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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-36849

NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 59-2705336
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

609 Deep Valley Drive

Suite 395

Rolling Hills Estates, California 90274

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (310) 541-0888

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | NHTC | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☑ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☑
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

At October 31, 2025, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 11,513,075 shares.

Table of Contents

NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

September 30, 2025

INDEX

|  | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 16
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 22
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 22
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 23
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 23
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 23
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 23
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 23
Item 5. | Other Information | 23
Item 6. | Exhibits | 24
Signatures | 25

Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in particular “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). When used in this report, the words or phrases “will likely result,” “expect,” “intend,” “will continue,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe” and similar expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Exchange Act. These statements represent our expectations or beliefs concerning, among other things, future revenue, earnings, growth strategies, new products and initiatives, dividend policies, future operations and operating results, and future business and market opportunities.

Forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution and advise readers that these statements are based on certain assumptions that may not be realized and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations and beliefs contained herein.

For a summary of certain risks related to our business, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which include the following:

| • | Changes in government trade and economic policies, including the imposition of tariffs and other restrictive trade policies, and ongoing political and economic disputes between the United States and other jurisdictions, particularly China, may have a negative effect on global economic conditions and our business, financial results and financial condition;
| • | Because our Hong Kong operations account for a substantial portion of our overall business, and substantially all of our Hong Kong business is derived from the sale of products to members in China, any material adverse change in our business relating to either Hong Kong or China would likely have a material adverse impact on our overall business;

| • | Hong Kong’s political and economic landscape has in recent years undergone significant change, and this upheaval or related consequences could negatively impact our business and financial performance;

| • | We experienced negative operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and only modest positive operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Unless our operating cash flows improve, this negative financial performance could have a material adverse effect on our business and our stock price;
| • | Adverse publicity associated with our products, ingredients or network marketing program, or those of similar companies, could harm our financial condition and operating results;
| • | Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic and market conditions and the uncertain geopolitical environment;
| • | We are subject to risks relating to product concentration and lack of revenue diversification;
| • | Epidemics, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or acts of war or hostility may seriously harm our business;

| • | The high level of competition in our industry could adversely affect our business;

| • | Failure of new products to gain member and market acceptance could harm our business;

| • | We rely on a limited number of independent third parties to manufacture and supply our products on a timely basis;

| • | Growth may be impeded by the political and economic risks of entering and operating in foreign markets;

| • | Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could negatively impact our business and the market price of our common stock;
| • | We could be adversely affected by management changes or an inability to attract and retain key management, directors and consultants;
| • | Our continuing loss of a significant number of members is adversely affecting our business, and if we cannot stabilize or increase the number of members our business could be further negatively impacted;
| • | Although virtually all of our members are independent contractors, improper member actions that violate laws or regulations could harm our business;
| • | An increase in the amount of compensation paid to members would reduce profitability;
| • | We may be held responsible for certain taxes or assessments relating to the activities of our members and service providers, which could harm our financial condition and operating results;

| • | Our business in China is subject to compliance with a myriad of applicable laws and regulations, and any actual or alleged violations of those laws or government actions otherwise directed at us could have a material adverse impact on our business and the value of our company;
| • | Direct-selling laws and regulations may prohibit or severely restrict our direct sales efforts and cause our revenue and profitability to decline, and regulators could adopt new regulations that harm our business;

| • | Our business is subject to a variety of laws, regulations and other obligations regarding privacy, data protection and information security. Any actual or perceived failure by us or our third-party vendors to comply with such laws, regulations or other obligations could materially adversely affect our business;
| • | Challenges by third parties to the legality of our business operations could harm our business;

| • | We have in the past been involved in, and may in the future face, lawsuits, claims, and governmental proceedings and inquiries that could harm our business;

| • | Currency exchange rate fluctuations could lower our revenue and net income;

| • | Changes in tax or duty laws, and unanticipated tax or duty liabilities, could adversely affect our net income;

| • | Transfer pricing regulations affect our business and results of operations;

| • | Our products and related activities are subject to extensive government regulation, which could delay, limit or prevent the sale of some of our products in some markets;

| • | New regulations governing the marketing and sale of nutritional supplements could harm our business;

| • | Regulations governing the production and marketing of our personal care products could harm our business;

| • | If we are found not to be in compliance with good manufacturing practices our operations could be harmed;

| • | Failure to comply with domestic and foreign laws and regulations governing product claims and advertising could harm our business;

| • | We are subject to anti-bribery laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;

| • | We do not have a comprehensive product liability insurance program and product liability claims could hurt our business;

| • | We may be unable to protect or use our intellectual property rights;

| • | We rely on and are subject to risks associated with our reliance upon information technology systems;

| • | System disruptions or failures, cybersecurity risks, and compromises of data, or the failure to comply with related laws and regulations, could harm our business;

| • | Our systems, software and data reside on third-party servers, exposing us to risks that disruption or intrusion of those servers could temporarily or permanently interrupt our access and damage our business;

| • | Our common stock is particularly subject to volatility because of the industry and markets in which we operate; and

| • | Our common stock continues to experience wide fluctuations in trading volumes and prices. This may make it more difficult for holders of our common stock to sell shares when they want and at prices they find attractive.

Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements are set forth in this report, including under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in our financial statements and the related notes.

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 14,336 |  |  | $ | 13,533 |
Marketable securities |  |  | 17,672 |  |  |  | 30,407 |
Inventories |  |  | 2,154 |  |  |  | 3,272 |
Other current assets |  |  | 3,726 |  |  |  | 3,771 |
Total current assets |  |  | 37,888 |  |  |  | 50,983 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | 190 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 2,031 |  |  |  | 2,498 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 34 |
Deferred tax asset |  |  | 246 |  |  |  | 382 |
Other assets |  |  | 1,881 |  |  |  | 1,272 |
Total assets |  | $ | 42,251 |  |  | $ | 55,359 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 1,011 |  |  | $ | 895 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 4,908 |
Accrued commissions |  |  | 1,751 |  |  |  | 2,021 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  | 1,425 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 6,011 |  |  |  | 6,428 |
Amounts held in eWallets |  |  | 2,977 |  |  |  | 3,286 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 991 |  |  |  | 1,127 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 709 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 14,755 |  |  |  | 20,799 |
Deferred tax liability |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | 174 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,175 |  |  |  | 1,514 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 16,103 |  |  |  | 22,487 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 12,979,414 shares issued at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 85,004 |  |  |  | 84,901 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (33,547 | ) |  |  | (26,344 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (925 | ) |  |  | (1,301 | )
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,466,339 shares at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  | (24,397 | ) |  |  | (24,397 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 26,148 |  |  |  | 32,872 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 42,251 |  |  | $ | 55,359 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net sales |  | $ | 9,477 |  |  | $ | 10,691 |  |  | $ | 30,027 |  |  | $ | 32,117 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 2,490 |  |  |  | 2,765 |  |  |  | 7,880 |  |  |  | 8,376 |
Gross profit |  |  | 6,987 |  |  |  | 7,926 |  |  |  | 22,147 |  |  |  | 23,741 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions expense |  |  | 3,876 |  |  |  | 4,333 |  |  |  | 12,376 |  |  |  | 13,022 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 3,606 |  |  |  | 3,868 |  |  |  | 10,944 |  |  |  | 11,597 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 7,482 |  |  |  | 8,201 |  |  |  | 23,320 |  |  |  | 24,619 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (495 | ) |  |  | (275 | ) |  |  | (1,173 | ) |  |  | (878 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 206 |  |  |  | 441 |  |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  | 1,523 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (289 | ) |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | (154 | ) |  |  | 645 |
Income tax provision |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 249 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (431 | ) |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | (294 | ) |  | $ | 396 |
Net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 11,500 |  |  |  | 11,471 |  |  |  | 11,493 |  |  |  | 11,464 |
Diluted |  |  | 11,500 |  |  |  | 11,490 |  |  |  | 11,493 |  |  |  | 11,488 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(In Thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (431 | ) |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | (294 | ) |  | $ | 396 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 358 |  |  |  | 102 |
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 7 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (440 | ) |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 505 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

Nine months ended September 30, 2025

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Loss |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Total |
BALANCE, December 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 84,901 |  |  | $ | (26,344 | ) |  | $ | (1,301 | ) |  |  | (1,466,339 | ) |  | $ | (24,397 | ) |  | $ | 32,872 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |
Dividends declared, $0.20/share |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 148 |
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |
BALANCE, March 31, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 84,935 |  |  |  | (28,525 | ) |  |  | (1,144 | ) |  |  | (1,466,339 | ) |  |  | (24,397 | ) |  |  | 30,882 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |
Dividends declared, $0.20/share |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 229 |
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
BALANCE, June 30, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 84,969 |  |  |  | (30,813 | ) |  |  | (916 | ) |  |  | (1,466,339 | ) |  |  | (24,397 | ) |  |  | 28,856 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (431 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (431 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35 |
Dividends declared, $0.20/share |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19 | )
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |
BALANCE, September 30, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 85,004 |  |  | $ | (33,547 | ) |  | $ | (925 | ) |  |  | (1,466,339 | ) |  | $ | (24,397 | ) |  | $ | 26,148 |

Nine months ended September 30, 2024

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Loss |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Total |
BALANCE, December 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 84,695 |  |  | $ | (17,703 | ) |  | $ | (1,069 | ) |  |  | (1,462,641 | ) |  | $ | (24,336 | ) |  | $ | 41,600 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 188 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 188 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |
Dividends declared, $0.20/share |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (114 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (114 | )
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (38 | )
BALANCE, March 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 84,732 |  |  |  | (19,818 | ) |  |  | (1,221 | ) |  |  | (1,462,641 | ) |  |  | (24,336 | ) |  |  | 39,370 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 173 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38 |
Dividends declared, $0.20/share |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,303 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (36 | )
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |
BALANCE, June 30, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 84,770 |  |  |  | (21,948 | ) |  |  | (1,249 | ) |  |  | (1,462,641 | ) |  |  | (24,336 | ) |  |  | 37,250 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35 |
Restricted stock forfeiture |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,698 | ) |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |
Dividends declared, $0.20/share |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,303 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,303 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 252 |
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |
BALANCE, September 30, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 12,979,414 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 84,865 |  |  | $ | (24,216 | ) |  | $ | (960 | ) |  |  | (1,466,339 | ) |  | $ | (24,397 | ) |  | $ | 35,305 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In Thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (294 | ) |  | $ | 396 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 100 |
Net accretion of marketable securities |  |  | (317 | ) |  |  | (350 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 109 |
Noncash lease expense |  |  | 852 |  |  |  | 825 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 62 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  | 1,161 |  |  |  | 619 |
Other current assets |  |  | 682 |  |  |  | (110 | )
Other assets |  |  | (601 | ) |  |  | (250 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | (441 | )
Income taxes payable |  |  | (4,901 | ) |  |  | (3,738 | )
Accrued commissions |  |  | (314 | ) |  |  | (34 | )
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 179 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | (422 | ) |  |  | 641 |
Amounts held in eWallets |  |  | (307 | ) |  |  | (501 | )
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | (858 | ) |  |  | (851 | )
Other current liabilities |  |  | (206 | ) |  |  | (111 | )
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (5,038 | ) |  |  | (3,455 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (63 | ) |  |  | (37 | )
Purchases of marketable securities |  |  | (39,011 | ) |  |  | (44,839 | )
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities |  |  | 51,619 |  |  |  | 21,786 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 12,545 |  |  |  | (23,090 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid |  |  | (6,909 | ) |  |  | (6,909 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (6,909 | ) |  |  | (6,909 | )
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 206 |  |  |  | 174 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 804 |  |  |  | (33,280 | )
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of period |  |  | 13,567 |  |  |  | 56,217 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period |  | $ | 14,371 |  |  | $ | 22,937 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities |  | $ | (83 | ) |  | $ | 191 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Natural Health Trends Corp., a Delaware corporation (whether or not including its subsidiaries, the “Company”), is an international direct-selling and e-commerce company. Subsidiaries controlled by the Company sell personal care, wellness, and “quality of life” products under the “NHT Global” brand.

The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries have an active physical presence in the following markets: the Americas, which consists of the United States, Canada, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Peru and Colombia; Greater China, which consists of Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; Southeast Asia, which consists of Malaysia and Singapore; South Korea; Japan; India; and Europe. The Company also operates in Russia and Kazakhstan through an engagement with a local service provider.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. As a result, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial information for the interim periods presented. The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the fiscal year. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 21, 2025.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased and with insignificant interest rate risk to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains substantially all of its cash balances at several institutions located in the United States, Hong Kong and China which at times may exceed insured limits. As of September 30, 2025, there was $844,000 in bank accounts located in Hong Kong in excess of insured limits. As of September 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents included $3.0 million held in bank accounts located in China subject to foreign currency controls. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts. See Note 4 for additional information regarding the Company's investments in cash equivalents held in brokerage accounts.

Net Income Per Common Share

Diluted net income per common share is determined using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. The dilutive effect of non-vested restricted stock is reflected by application of the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, if any, is assumed to be used to repurchase shares.

The following table illustrates the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Income (Numerator) |  |  | Shares (Denominator) |  |  | Per Share Amount |  |  | Income (Numerator) |  |  | Shares (Denominator) |  |  | Per Share Amount |
Basic net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (431 | ) |  |  | 11,500 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 35 |  |  |  | 11,471 |  |  | $ | 0.00 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-vested restricted stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders plus assumed dilution |  | $ | (431 | ) |  |  | 11,500 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 35 |  |  |  | 11,490 |  |  | $ | 0.00 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Income (Numerator) |  |  | Shares (Denominator) |  |  | Per Share Amount |  |  | Income (Numerator) |  |  | Shares (Denominator) |  |  | Per Share Amount |
Basic net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (294 | ) |  |  | 11,493 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 396 |  |  |  | 11,464 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-vested restricted stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders plus assumed dilution |  | $ | (294 | ) |  |  | 11,493 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 396 |  |  |  | 11,488 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |

In periods when losses are reported, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding excludes common stock equivalents because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. As such, non-vested restricted stock totaling 3,877 and 8,337 shares were not included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands the disclosures required in an entity's income tax rate reconciliation table and requires disclosure of income taxes paid both in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 will be applied on a prospective basis and are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of implementing this guidance on its financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. ASU 2024-03 is intended to improve disclosures about a public business entity's expenses and provide more detailed information to investors about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this ASU will be applied retrospectively and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of implementing this guidance.

Other recently issued accounting pronouncements did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.

2. REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

All revenue is recognized when the performance obligations under a contract, including any product vouchers sold on a stand-alone basis in Hong Kong, are satisfied. Product sales are recognized when the products are shipped and title passes to independent members. Product sales to members are made pursuant to a member agreement that provides for transfer of both title and risk of loss upon the Company’s delivery to the carrier that completes delivery to the members, which is commonly referred to as “F.O.B. Shipping Point.” The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain right of inspection or customer acceptance provisions other than general rights of return. These contracts are generally short-term in nature.

Actual product returns are recorded as a reduction to net sales. The Company estimates and accrues a reserve for product returns based on its return policies and historical experience. The reserve is based upon the return policy of each country, which varies from 14 days to one year, and their historical return rates, which range from 1% to 7% of sales. Sales returns were 1% of sales for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. No material changes in estimates have been recognized during the periods presented. See Note 3 for additional information.

The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities performed after title has passed to members as a fulfillment cost, and accrues for the costs of shipping and handling if revenue is recognized before the contractually obligated shipping and handling activities occurs. Shipping charges billed to members are included in net sales. Costs associated with shipments are included in cost of sales. Event and training revenue is deferred and recognized as the event or training occurs. Costs of events and member training are included within selling, general and administrative expenses.

Various taxes on the sale of products to members are collected by the Company as an agent and remitted to the respective taxing authority. These taxes are presented on a net basis and recorded as a liability until remitted to the respective taxing authority.

Deferred Revenue

The Company primarily receives payment by credit card at the time members place orders. Amounts received for unshipped product orders and unredeemed product vouchers are considered a contract liability and are recorded as deferred revenue. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $4.5 million and $4.9 million, respectively, of contract liabilities where performance obligations have not yet been satisfied. The decrease in contract liabilities from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025 is primarily due to $4.5 million of cash received for unshipped product orders and unredeemed product vouchers during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 offset by $4.9 million of revenue recognized during the period that was included in contract liabilities at December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had contract liabilities totaling $4.4 million which was recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company expects to satisfy its remaining performance obligations and recognize the revenue within the next twelve months.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company sells products to a member network that operates in a seamless manner from market to market, except for the Chinese market where it sells to consumers through an e-commerce retail platform and the Russia and Kazakhstan market where the Company operates through an engagement of a third-party service provider. See Note 11 for revenue by market information.

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The Company’s net sales by product and service are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Product sales |  | $ | 9,314 |  |  | $ | 10,412 |  |  | $ | 29,442 |  |  | $ | 31,261 |
Administrative fees, freight and other |  |  | 265 |  |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | 804 |  |  |  | 1,092 |
Less: sales returns |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (219 | ) |  |  | (236 | )
Total net sales |  | $ | 9,477 |  |  | $ | 10,691 |  |  | $ | 30,027 |  |  | $ | 32,117 |

Concentration

No single market other than Hong Kong had net sales greater than 10% of total net sales. Sales are made to the Company’s members and no single customer accounted for 10% or more of net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. However, the Company’s business model can result in a concentration of sales to several different members and their network of members. Although no single member accounted for 10% or more of net sales, the loss of a key member or that member’s network could have an adverse effect on the Company’s net sales and financial results.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations

The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged for individual products to similar customers.

Practical Expedients

The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded in commissions expense.

The Company does not provide certain disclosures about unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

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3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

The components of certain balance sheet amounts are as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 6,964 |  |  | $ | 7,925 |
Cash equivalents |  |  | 7,372 |  |  |  | 5,608 |
|  |  | 14,336 |  |  |  | 13,533 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 34 |
|  | $ | 14,371 |  |  | $ | 13,567 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finished goods |  | $ | 1,798 |  |  | $ | 2,770 |
Raw materials |  |  | 356 |  |  |  | 502 |
|  | $ | 2,154 |  |  | $ | 3,272 |
Other accrued expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales returns |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 85 |
Employee-related expense |  |  | 643 |  |  |  | 656 |
Warehousing, inventory-related and other |  |  | 747 |  |  |  | 684 |
|  | $ | 1,484 |  |  | $ | 1,425 |
Deferred revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unshipped product and unredeemed product vouchers |  | $ | 4,491 |  |  | $ | 4,940 |
Auto ship advances |  |  | 1,520 |  |  |  | 1,488 |
|  | $ | 6,011 |  |  | $ | 6,428 |

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

As of September 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities include the Company’s investments in money market funds, municipal debt securities and corporate debt securities. Debt securities are required to be accounted for in accordance with the FASB ASC 320, Investments - Debt and Equity Securities. As such, the Company determined its investments in debt securities held at September 30, 2025 should be classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in stockholders’ equity. The cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and discounts to maturity. This amortization is included in other income and expense. Realized gains and losses, as well as interest income, are also included in other income and expense. The fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices to the extent available or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and accounts payable, approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The carrying amount of the noncurrent restricted cash approximates fair value since, absent the restrictions, the underlying assets would be included in cash and cash equivalents.

Accounting standards permit companies, at their option, to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The Company has elected to not fair value existing eligible items.

Investments by significant category included in cash equivalents and marketable securities at the end of each period were as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
| Fair Value Level1 |  | Adjusted Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Adjusted Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Money market funds | Level 1 |  | $ | 4,974 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,974 |  |  | $ | 2,092 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,092 |
Municipal debt securities | Level 2 |  |  | 4,993 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,993 |  |  |  | 3,458 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,458 |
Corporate debt securities | Level 2 |  |  | 15,085 |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | 15,077 |  |  |  | 30,491 |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 30,465 |
Total investments |  | $ | 25,052 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 25,044 |  |  | $ | 36,041 |  |  | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | 36,015 |

1 FASB Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable market data, when available, and prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in the following categories:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

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5. LEASES

The Company leases 4,900 square feet of corporate office space in Rolling Hills Estates, California with a term expiring in September 2030, and 7,300 square feet of corporate office space in Hong Kong with a term expiring in June 2026. To help further develop the market for its products in North America, the Company leases 1,600 square feet of retail space in each of Rowland Heights, California and Richmond, British Columbia, and 2,000 square feet of retail space in Metuchen, New Jersey. The Rowland Heights, Richmond and Metuchen locations have terms expiring in November 2025, February 2027, and December 2028, respectively.

The Company leases seven branch offices throughout China, and additional office space in Peru, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, India, Colombia and the Cayman Islands. The Company contracts with third parties for fulfillment and distribution operations in all of its international markets. None of the Company’s third-party logistics contracts contain a lease, as the Company does not have the right to access the warehouses or move its inventories at will.

In August 2025, the Company entered into a binding offer to lease 5,300 square feet of office space in Hong Kong to replace its existing corporate office space in Hong Kong. The lease is expected to commence on March 1, 2026 with a term expiring February 28, 2031. Monthly base rent is HKD 141,500 for years one through three and HKD 149,500 for years four and five, with base-rent-free periods from March 1, 2026 through April 30, 2026 and from August 1, 2029 through September 30, 2029. In addition, the Company will pay a monthly management fee of HKD 43,979. The lease provides the Company with an early termination right upon not less than three months’ prior written notice, exercisable at any time from March 1, 2029 through February 28, 2031. The related right-of-use asset and lease liability will be recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at the lease commencement date in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases.

The components of lease cost were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating leases |  | $ | 318 |  |  | $ | 318 |  |  | $ | 938 |  |  | $ | 962 |
Short-term leases |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | 107 |
Total lease cost |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 353 |  |  | $ | 1,052 |  |  | $ | 1,069 |

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $317,000 and $334,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $947,000 and $961,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate related to operating leases as of September 30, 2025 were as follows:

Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) |  |  | 3.2 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  | 4.2 | %

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate, or the rate of each of its subsidiaries if available, based on the information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments.

The annual scheduled lease payments of the Company's operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2025 |  | $ | 310 |
2026 |  |  | 861 |
2027 |  |  | 433 |
2028 |  |  | 306 |
2029 |  |  | 213 |
Thereafter |  |  | 162 |
Total lease payments |  |  | 2,285 |
Less: imputed interest |  |  | (119 | )
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 2,166 |

For all asset classes, the Company elected not to recognize assets or liabilities at the acquisition date for leases that, at the acquisition date, have a remaining lease term of 12 months or less. Additionally, for all asset classes, the Company has chosen not to separate nonlease components from lease components and instead accounts for the combined lease and nonlease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component.

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6. INCOME TAXES

The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 includes estimates for foreign income inclusions such as global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) and Subpart F income, as well as prior year foreign return to provision true-ups. As of September 30, 2025, the Company does not have a valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets. The Company analyzed all sources of available income and determined that it is more likely than not to realize the tax benefits of their deferred assets. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions with an overall net operating loss. The valuation allowance will be reduced at such time as management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. Any reductions in the valuation allowance will reduce future income tax provision.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company has $390,000 of U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards. The Company has post-apportioned U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards of $457,000 that begin expiring in 2038. At September 30, 2025, the Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $2.3 million in various jurisdictions with various expirations.

In April 2025, the Company paid the final installment of $5.1 million for the repatriation tax on the deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income required by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), enacted in 2017 by the U.S. government.

As a result of capital return activities, the Company determined that a portion of its current undistributed foreign earnings is no longer deemed reinvested indefinitely by its non-U.S. subsidiaries. For state income tax purposes, the Company will continue to periodically reassess the needs of its foreign subsidiaries and update its indefinite reinvestment assertion as necessary. To the extent that additional foreign earnings are not deemed permanently reinvested, the Company expects to recognize additional income tax provision at the applicable state corporate income tax rate(s). As of September 30, 2025, the Company has not recorded a state deferred tax liability for earnings that the Company plans to repatriate out of accumulated earnings in future periods because all earnings as of September 30, 2025 have already been repatriated. Due to the Tax Act, repatriation from foreign subsidiaries will be offset with a dividends received deduction, resulting in little to no impact on federal tax expense. All undistributed earnings in excess of 50% of current earnings on an annual basis are intended to be reinvested indefinitely as of September 30, 2025.

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the United States, California, New Jersey, Texas and various foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to state income tax examinations for years prior to 2019. The Company is not aware of any jurisdiction that is currently examining any of its income tax returns.

7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company has employment agreements with certain members of its management team that can be terminated by either the employee or the Company upon four weeks’ notice. The employment agreements entered into with the management team contain provisions that guarantee the payment of specified amounts in the event of a change in control (together with a termination without cause), as defined, or if the employee is otherwise terminated without cause, as defined, or terminates employment for good reason, as defined.

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8. STOCK-BASED INCENTIVE PLANS

Restricted Stock

In 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the Natural Health Trends Corp. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) to replace its 2007 Equity Incentive Plan. The 2016 Plan allows for the grant of various equity awards including incentive stock options, non-statutory options, stock, stock units, stock appreciation rights and other similar equity-based awards to the Company’s employees, officers, non-employee directors, contractors, consultants and advisors of the Company. Up to 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to adjustment under certain circumstances) may be issued pursuant to awards granted. At September 30, 2025, 1,129,047 shares remained available for issuance under the 2016 Plan.

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock activity under the 2016 Plan:

|  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Price at Date of Issuance |
Nonvested at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 28,676 |  |  | $ | 4.84 |
Vested |  |  | (21,534 | ) |  | $ | 4.84 |
Nonvested at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 7,142 |  |  | $ | 4.84 |

Share-based compensation expense of $35,000 and $34,000 was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $103,000 and $109,000 was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock was $29,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.2 years.

Phantom Equity

In 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved and adopted a Phantom Equity Plan (the “Phantom Plan”). Under the terms of the Phantom Plan, the Board of Directors' Compensation Committee may grant to the Company’s employees, officers, directors, contractors, consultants, or advisors awards of phantom shares entitling grantees the right to receive a cash payment equal to the fair market value of an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock upon the close of a vesting period, subject to any maximum payment value that the Compensation Committee may set. The vesting of phantom shares is subject to such vesting conditions as the Compensation Committee may specify in a grantee’s award agreement. Grantees of phantom shares do not by virtue of their receipt of phantom shares have any ownership rights in shares of the Company’s common stock. The Phantom Plan shall continue for a period of ten years, after which no further phantom shares may be awarded (although any phantom shares awarded prior to the expiration of such 10-year period shall be unaffected by the termination of the Phantom Plan).

On February 7, 2023, the Company granted 212,937 phantom shares to certain of the Company’s employees and its non-employee directors. The phantom shares vested in eight equal three-month vesting increments, subject to the satisfaction of both a time-based vesting condition and a performance vesting condition. Both of these vesting conditions were deemed satisfied on the grant date for the initial vesting increment. In order for the time-based vesting condition to be satisfied for each vesting period, the grantee must have remained continuously employed by, or be otherwise continuously providing services to, the Company through the end of the vesting period, and in order for the performance vesting condition to be satisfied for each performance period, the performance criteria designated by the Compensation Committee must have been satisfied. The initial performance vesting condition was designated by the Compensation Committee and applied to all future performance periods. If either vesting condition was not satisfied for a vesting date, then the phantom shares scheduled to vest on such date were forfeited. These phantom shares were subject to a maximum payment value of $12.00 per phantom share. Of the phantom shares awarded in 2023, 186,320 phantom shares vested and 26,617 were forfeited.

On April 1, 2025, awards for 223,307 phantom shares were granted to the Company’s employees and its non-employee directors. Each award has a vesting period of two years, with 12.5% of the award eligible to vest in each of the eight calendar quarters during the vesting period, beginning with the second quarter of 2025, subject to satisfaction of the conditions outlined below. For awards to vest as to a particular quarter, the employee or director must be continuously employed by (or in the case of directors, providing services to) the Company for the entire quarter. The awards are subject to a maximum payment value of $12.00 per phantom share, and the grantees are not entitled to any dividend or dividend equivalent payments with respect to the awards. As a condition to the grant of the awards to each employee grantee, the grantee agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer any shares of the Company’s common stock held by him or her until all phantom shares subject to the award are vested or forfeited.

One-half of the award eligible to vest in each calendar quarter (the “Financial Results-Based Award”, representing 6.25% of the aggregate award amount) will vest if the service condition is met for the quarter and if the Company attains positive operating profit for the quarter of at least $150,000. If these conditions are not met, the Financial Results-Based Award for the quarter will be forfeited. The other half of the award eligible to vest in each calendar quarter (the “Stock Appreciation-Based Award”, or 6.25% of the aggregate award amount) will vest if the service condition is met for the quarter and if two additional conditions are satisfied: (a) a stock appreciation condition, which will be satisfied if the average closing price of the Company’s common stock over the last month of the applicable quarter exceeds the average closing price of the Company’s common stock over the last month of the previous calendar year; and (b) an additional financial performance condition, which will be satisfied if the Company attains positive operating profit for the quarter of at least $300,000. If the stock appreciation condition is not met for the applicable quarter, the Stock Appreciation-Based Award for the quarter will be forfeited. If the stock appreciation condition is met for this portion of the award but the additional financial performance condition is not met for the quarter, the Stock Appreciation-Based Award for the quarter will not be forfeited but will be carried forward to a future quarter during the two-year vesting period of the award. Any portion of an award carried forward may vest at the end of a subsequent quarter during the two-year vesting period if the Company’s operating profit for that quarter exceeds by $150,000 the sum of (a) the amount necessary to satisfy the Financial Results-Based Award for the quarter (i.e. $150,000), (b) the additional amount, if any, used to satisfy the additional financial performance condition for a Stock Appreciation-Based Award that vests for the quarter (i.e., $150,000 if the current quarter’s Stock Appreciation-Based Award vests, or $0 if it does not vest) and (c) the additional amount, if any used to satisfy the vesting conditions of any other carried-forward awards to which this test is previously applied.

The phantom share awards are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation since they require cash settlement. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period if it is probable that the performance vesting condition will be achieved. The fair value of the liability incurred is remeasured at the end of each reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period. As a result of the vesting of phantom shares, the Company recognized compensation expense related to the cash settlement of such shares of $181,000 and $362,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. No compensation expense was recognized related to the cash settlement of such shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

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9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends

The Company declared and paid cash dividends of $0.20 per common share during each of the first three quarters of 2025 and 2024, totaling $6.9 million in each nine month period. Declaration and payment of any future dividends on shares of common stock will be at the sole discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Stock Repurchases

In 2016, the Board of Directors authorized an increase to the Company’s stock repurchase program first approved in 2015 from $15.0 million to $70.0 million. Any repurchases will be made in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. For all or a portion of the authorized repurchase amount, the Company may enter into one or more plans that are compliant with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act that are designed to facilitate these purchases. The stock repurchase program does not require the Company to acquire a specific number of shares, and may be suspended from time to time or discontinued. As of September 30, 2025, $21.9 million of the $70.0 million stock repurchase program remained available for future purchases, inclusive of related estimated income tax.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the first nine months of 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-For-Sale Investments |  |  | Total |
Balance, December 31, 2024 |  | $ | (1,275 | ) |  | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | (1,301 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 157 |
Balance, March 31, 2025 |  |  | (1,127 | ) |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (1,144 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 228 |
Balance, June 30, 2025 |  |  | (898 | ) |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | (916 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (9 | )
Balance, September 30, 2025 |  | $ | (917 | ) |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | (925 | )

10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company is a party to a Royalty Agreement and License with Broady Health Sciences, L.L.C., a Texas limited liability company, (“BHS”) regarding the manufacture and sale of a product called ReStor™. George K. Broady, a former director of the Company and beneficial owner of more than 5% of its outstanding common stock, is an indirect owner of BHS. Lucy Nduati, a director of the Company, has since 2013 served a number of companies controlled by George K. Broady and other Broady family members in a variety of roles focused on administration, accounting, finance, tax strategy and office management. Under this agreement (as amended), the Company agreed to pay BHS a royalty based on a price per unit in return for the right to manufacture (or have manufactured), market, import, export and sell this product worldwide by or through multi-level marketing or network marketing. The Company recognized royalties of $9,000 and $8,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $27,000 during each of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 under this agreement. The Company is not required to purchase any product under the agreement, and the agreement may be terminated under certain circumstances with no notice. The agreement was set to terminate on March 31, 2025; however, as neither party provided the required 90-day advance notice, it has automatically renewed for an additional one-year term in accordance with its provisions.

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11. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company sells products to a member network that operates in a seamless manner from market to market, except for the China market where it sells to some consumers through an e-commerce retail platform, and the Russia and Kazakhstan market where the Company’s engagement of a third-party service provider results in a different economic structure than its other markets. The Company believes that all of its other operating segments have similar economic characteristics and are similar in the nature of the products sold, the product acquisition process, the types of customers products are sold to, the methods used to distribute the products, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Therefore, the Company aggregates its other operating segments (including its Hong Kong operating segment) into a single reporting segment (the “Primary Reporting Unit”).

The Company’s CODM is its President, who reviews financial information presented on a geographic basis. The CODM primarily uses net sales, gross profit and operating profit in assessing segment performance and determining the allocation of resources. The CODM also uses gross profit for evaluating pricing strategy. The CODM is the primary individual in control of resource allocation, and the allocation determinations are generally made in consultation with senior management, which the CODM is a member. Segment operating income is adjusted for certain direct costs and commission allocations. The CODM also regularly reviews inventory information by operating segment in assessing segment performance and determining the allocation of resources.

The Company’s financial information by segment is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Primary Reporting Unit |  |  | China |  |  | Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | Total |  |  | Primary Reporting Unit |  |  | China |  |  | Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | Total |
Net sales |  | $ | 9,135 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 9,477 |  |  | $ | 9,951 |  |  | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | 10,691 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 2,396 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 2,490 |  |  |  | 2,599 |  |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | 2,765 |
Gross profit |  |  | 6,739 |  |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 6,987 |  |  |  | 7,352 |  |  |  | 498 |  |  |  | 76 |  |  |  | 7,926 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions expense1 |  |  | 3,832 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 3,876 |  |  |  | 4,256 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | 4,333 |
Employee-related costs |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 1,097 |  |  |  | 954 |  |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 1,187 |
Facility costs |  |  | 311 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 341 |
Other segment items2 |  |  | 253 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 324 |  |  |  | 331 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 425 |
Segment income (loss) from operations |  | $ | 1,484 |  |  | $ | (129 | ) |  | $ | (15 | ) |  |  | 1,340 |  |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | (31 | ) |  |  | 1,640 |
Reconciliation of income (loss) before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unallocated corporate expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,835 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,915 | )
Other income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 206 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 441 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (289 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 166 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Primary Reporting Unit |  |  | China |  |  | Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | Total |  |  | Primary Reporting Unit |  |  | China |  |  | Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | Total |
Net sales |  | $ | 29,034 |  |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 30,027 |  |  | $ | 30,440 |  |  | $ | 1,321 |  |  | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | 32,117 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 7,573 |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 7,880 |  |  |  | 7,963 |  |  |  | 241 |  |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 8,376 |
Gross profit |  |  | 21,461 |  |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | 22,147 |  |  |  | 22,477 |  |  |  | 1,080 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 23,741 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions expense1 |  |  | 12,240 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 12,376 |  |  |  | 12,841 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 13,022 |
Employee-related costs |  |  | 2,597 |  |  |  | 677 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 3,314 |  |  |  | 2,780 |  |  |  | 694 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 3,512 |
Facility costs |  |  | 890 |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 1,006 |  |  |  | 890 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 1,020 |
Other segment items2 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 1,257 |  |  |  | 1,120 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 1,438 |
Segment income (loss) from operations |  | $ | 4,717 |  |  | $ | (444 | ) |  | $ | (79 | ) |  |  | 4,194 |  |  | $ | 4,846 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (88 | ) |  |  | 4,749 |
Reconciliation of income (loss) before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unallocated corporate expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,367 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,627 | )
Other income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,523 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (154 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 645 |

1 Our China subsidiary maintains an e-commerce retail platform and does not pay commissions.

2 Other segment items include credit card fees and assessments, marketing-related costs, professional fees and other business expenses.

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The Company's segment assets are as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Primary Reporting Unit |  |  | China |  |  | Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | Total |  |  | Primary Reporting Unit |  |  | China |  |  | Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | Total |
Inventories |  | $ | 1,475 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 1,663 |  |  | $ | 2,422 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 2,617 |
Other inventories and inventory-related deposits1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 634 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 971 |
Other assets2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39,954 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51,771 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 42,251 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 55,359 |

1 Other inventories and inventory-related deposits pertain to the Company's trading company and are not specific to any of the Company's operating segments.

2 Other assets primarily include cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, but also includes all other current and noncurrent assets.

The Company’s net sales by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net sales from external customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 302 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 887 |  |  | $ | 799 |
Canada |  |  | 128 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 387 |
Peru and Colombia |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | 844 |
Hong Kong1 |  |  | 7,715 |  |  |  | 8,356 |  |  |  | 24,842 |  |  |  | 25,998 |
China |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 601 |  |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 1,321 |
Taiwan |  |  | 331 |  |  |  | 454 |  |  |  | 1,049 |  |  |  | 1,277 |
Japan |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 202 |
Malaysia and Singapore |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 177 |
Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 356 |
Europe |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | 473 |
Other foreign countries |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 283 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 9,477 |  |  | $ | 10,691 |  |  | $ | 30,027 |  |  | $ | 32,117 |

1 Substantially all of the Company's Hong Kong revenues are derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

12. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On November 3, 2025, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 on each share of common stock outstanding. The dividend will be payable on November 28, 2025 to stockholders of record on November 18, 2025. The declaration and payment of any future dividends on shares of common stock will be at the sole discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Business Overview

We are an international direct-selling and e-commerce company. Subsidiaries controlled by us sell personal care, wellness, and “quality of life” products under the “NHT Global” brand. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries have an active physical presence in the following markets: the Americas, which consists of the United States, Canada, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Peru and Colombia; Greater China, which consists of Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; Southeast Asia, which consists of Malaysia and Singapore; South Korea; Japan; India; and Europe. We also operate in Russia and Kazakhstan through our engagement with a local service provider.

As of September 30, 2025, we were conducting business through 28,030 active members, compared to 30,870 at December 31, 2024 and 30,880 at September 30, 2024. We consider a member “active” if they have placed at least one product order with us during the preceding year. Our priority is to focus our resources in our most promising markets, which we consider to be Greater China and countries where our existing members have the connections to recruit prospects and sell our products, such as Southeast Asia, India, South America and Europe.

We generate approximately 93% of our net sales from subsidiaries located outside the Americas. Because of the size of our foreign operations, operating results can be impacted negatively or positively by factors such as foreign currency fluctuations, trade policy, inflation rates, and economic, political and business conditions around the world. In addition, our business is subject to various laws and regulations, in particular, regulations related to direct selling activities that create uncertain risks for our business, including improper claims or activities by our members and our potential inability to obtain necessary product registrations. We continually evaluate our business for compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and this process can and has resulted in the identification of certain matters of potential noncompliance, which we work to satisfactorily address. For further information regarding some of the risks associated with the conduct of our business in China and Hong Kong, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and more specifically under the captions “Because our Hong Kong operations account for a substantial portion of our overall business...”, “Hong Kong’s political and economic landscape has in recent years undergone significant change...”, and “Our business in China is subject to compliance with a myriad of applicable laws and regulations...”.

China has been and continues to be our most important business development project. We operate an e-commerce direct selling platform in Hong Kong that in the first nine months of 2025 generated approximately 83% of our revenue, substantially all of which was derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. Through a separate Chinese entity, we also operate an e-commerce retail platform in China. We believe that neither of these activities require a direct selling license in China, which we do not currently hold. We previously submitted a preliminary application for a direct selling license in China, but withdrew our application in 2019 upon the recommendation of a Chinese governmental authority. We expect to reapply for a direct selling license in China when we believe that circumstances are again ripe for doing so. If we are ultimately able to obtain a direct selling license in China, we believe that the incentives inherent in the direct selling model in China would incrementally benefit our existing business. We do not expect that any increased sales in China derived from obtaining a direct selling license would initially be material and, in any event may be partially offset by the higher fixed costs associated with the establishment and maintenance of required service centers, branch offices, manufacturing facilities, certification programs and other legal requirements. We are unable to predict whether and when we will be successful in obtaining a direct selling license to operate in China, and if we are successful, when we will be permitted to conduct direct selling operations and whether such operations would be profitable.

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The Chinese government conducted a campaign in 2019 focusing on companies involved in the sale of food, equipment, daily necessities, small home electrical appliances and services that are claimed to promote health. The Chinese government ministries in charge of this campaign indicated that they were targeting illegal practices in the industry, particularly the manufacture and sale of counterfeit and substandard products, and false advertising and misleading claims as to the health benefits of products and services. It is understood that the campaign was specifically focused on the business practices of direct selling companies. Although it was initially announced as a 100-day campaign, we are not aware of any information indicating that the campaign has ever been formally concluded. In any case, the business environment in China for health product companies can be challenging, which has from time to time been exacerbated by negative social media sentiment expressed for these types of companies.

In addition to the fact that our Hong Kong subsidiary generates a substantial portion of our overall business, a significant number of our employees are based in Hong Kong. The political and economic landscape in Hong Kong has in recent years undergone significant change, largely due to the increasing influence of the Chinese government. This development, along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, led us to cease conducting member meetings and events in Hong Kong for a period of time. We have since been able to substantially resume normal operations in Hong Kong, but Hong Kong's economy is now increasingly integrated with that of China. We relocated our corporate headquarters from Hong Kong to California in February 2025. It is unclear how changed circumstances in Hong Kong will in the future affect our business, but it is possible that the upheaval in Hong Kong's political and economic affairs or related consequences could adversely affect our future business, results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors - Hong Kong's political and economic landscape has in recent years undergone significant change...” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, the U.S. engaged in a series of escalating tariff actions with a wide range of countries, particularly China. On April 2, 2025, for example, the U.S. imposed by executive order a 34% reciprocal tariff on Chinese-origin goods. This was followed by an amended executive order April 8, 2025, raising tariffs to 84% and an April 9, 2025 executive order raising tariffs to 125%. In response, China raised its duties on imported U.S. goods to a similar level. Following negotiations, the U.S. announced a temporary 90-day reduction in its reciprocal tariff rates from 125% to 10% beginning in May 2025, and China agreed to suspend its retaliatory tariffs during the same period. The pre-existing 20% U.S. tariff imposed on all Chinese goods remained in place, along with certain other sector-specific tariffs. In October 2025, the U.S. administration announced an additional 100% tariff on all products imported from China in response to certain restrictions imposed by China on rare earth minerals, before announcing an agreement that would, among other things, reduce the general tariff rate on Chinese goods to 47%. The state of trade discussions between the U.S. and China (and between the U.S. and other nations) remains dynamic and unpredictable.

While the Company does not believe that its first quarter 2025 financial results were materially affected by these developments, its second and third quarter sales were negatively affected by negative consumer sentiment and economic uncertainty in the Company’s largest market. If substantial tariffs remain in place, or new tariffs are implemented, the Company may see the effect of higher duties on restocking later this year. The likely short-term impact of the tariffs is difficult to predict with any certainty, however. We may need to impose a surcharge on products sold into China, and the imposition of such a surcharge may have a further negative effect on sales volumes into China. In the longer term, the Company has taken initial steps to transition production of certain of its products currently manufactured in the United States to other jurisdictions, including in Asia, in order to mitigate the effect of U.S. and reciprocal tariffs. If successfully implemented, this transition may result in savings in logistics, freight and manufacturing cost, but may also carry certain short-term expenses, including the cost of reregistration of products in certain jurisdictions. The Company is actively evaluating its options and the impact of trade policy changes on future quarters remains uncertain. In addition, it is difficult to predict the further effect of general consumer sentiment in China toward the Company’s products as a result of the trade policies adopted by the United States and China, which has already impacted the Company’s second and third quarters. See Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Statement of Operations Presentation

We mainly derive revenue from sales of products. Substantially all of our product sales are to independent members at published wholesale prices. Product sales are recognized when the products are shipped and title passes to independent members, which generally is upon our delivery to the carrier that completes delivery to the members. We estimate and accrue a reserve for product returns based on our return policies and historical experience. We bill members for shipping charges and recognize the freight revenue in net sales. We have elected to account for shipping and handling activities performed after title has passed to members as a fulfillment cost, and accrue for the costs of shipping and handling if revenue is recognized before the contractually obligated shipping and handling activities occurs. Event and training revenue is deferred and recognized as the event or training occurs.

Cost of sales consists primarily of products purchased from third-party manufacturers, freight cost for transporting products to our foreign subsidiaries and shipping products to members, import duties, packing materials, product royalties, costs of promotional materials sold to our members at or near cost, and provisions for slow moving or obsolete inventories. Cost of sales also includes purchasing costs, receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs.

Member commissions are our most significant expense and are classified as an operating expense. Under our compensation plan, members are paid weekly commissions by our subsidiary in which they are enrolled, generally in their home country currency, for product purchases by their down-line member network across all geographic markets. Our China subsidiary maintains an e-commerce retail platform and does not pay commissions, although our Chinese members may participate in our compensation plan through our other subsidiaries. This “seamless” compensation plan enables a member located in one country to enroll other members located in other countries where we are authorized to conduct our business. Currently, there are basically two ways in which our members can earn income:

| • | through commissions paid on the accumulated bonus volume from product purchases made by their down-line members and customers; and

| • | through retail profits on sales of products purchased by members at wholesale prices and resold at retail prices (for purchasers in some of our smaller markets and purchasers from our China subsidiary, sales are for personal consumption only and income may not be earned through retail profits).

Each of our products is designated a specified number of bonus volume points. Commissions are based on total personal and group bonus volume points per weekly sales period. Bonus volume points are essentially a percentage of a product’s wholesale price. As the member’s business expands from successfully enrolling other members who in turn expand their own businesses by selling product to other members, the member receives higher commissions from purchases made by an expanding down-line network. In some of our markets, to be eligible to receive commissions, a member may be required to make nominal monthly or other periodic purchases of our products. Certain of our subsidiaries do not require these nominal purchases for a member to be eligible to receive commissions. In determining commissions, the number of levels of down-line members included within the member’s commissionable group increases as the number of memberships directly below the member increases.

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Under our current compensation plan, certain of our commission payouts may be limited to a hard cap dollar amount per week or a specific percentage of total product sales. In some markets, commissions may be further limited. In some markets, we also pay certain bonuses on purchases by up to three generations of personally sponsored members, as well as bonuses on commissions earned by up to seven generations of personally sponsored members. Members can also earn additional income, trips and other prizes in specific time-limited promotions and contests we hold from time to time. Member commissions are dependent on the sales mix and, for the first nine months of each of 2025 and 2024, represented 41% of net sales. Occasionally, we make modifications and enhancements to our compensation plan to help motivate members, which can have an impact on member commissions. We may also enter into performance-based agreements for business or market development, which can result in additional compensation to specific members.

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of administrative compensation and benefits, travel, credit card fees and assessments, professional fees, certain occupancy costs, and other corporate administrative expenses (including stock-based compensation). In addition, this category includes selling, marketing, and promotion expenses (including the costs of member training events and conventions that are designed to increase both product awareness and member recruitment). Because our various member conventions are not always held at the same time each year, interim period comparisons will be impacted accordingly.

The functional currency of our international subsidiaries is generally their local currency. Local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date, and local currency revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded directly into stockholders’ equity.

Sales by our foreign subsidiaries are generally transacted in the respective local currencies and are translated into U.S. dollars using average rates of exchange for each monthly accounting period to which they relate. Most of our product purchases from third-party manufacturers are transacted in U.S. dollars. Consequently, our sales and net earnings are affected by changes in currency exchange rates, with sales and earnings generally increasing with a weakening U.S. dollar and decreasing with a strengthening U.S. dollar.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our operating results as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net sales |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  |  | 26.3 |  |  |  | 25.9 |  |  |  | 26.2 |  |  |  | 26.1 |
Gross profit |  |  | 73.7 |  |  |  | 74.1 |  |  |  | 73.8 |  |  |  | 73.9 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions expense |  |  | 40.9 |  |  |  | 40.5 |  |  |  | 41.2 |  |  |  | 40.5 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 38.0 |  |  |  | 36.2 |  |  |  | 36.5 |  |  |  | 36.1 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 78.9 |  |  |  | 76.7 |  |  |  | 77.7 |  |  |  | 76.6 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (5.2 | ) |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | (3.9 | ) |  |  | (2.7 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | 4.1 |  |  |  | 3.4 |  |  |  | 4.7 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (3.0 | ) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | 2.0 |
Income tax provision |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 0.8 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | (4.5 | )% |  |  | 0.3 | % |  |  | (1.0 | )% |  |  | 1.2 | %

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Net Sales

The following table sets forth revenue by market for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Americas1 |  | $ | 731 |  |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | $ | 748 |  |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | $ | 2,116 |  |  |  | 7.1 | % |  | $ | 2,030 |  |  |  | 6.3 | %
Hong Kong2 |  |  | 7,715 |  |  |  | 81.4 |  |  |  | 8,356 |  |  |  | 78.2 |  |  |  | 24,842 |  |  |  | 82.7 |  |  |  | 25,998 |  |  |  | 80.9 |
China |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 601 |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 1,321 |  |  |  | 4.1 |
Taiwan |  |  | 331 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | 454 |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | 1,049 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | 1,277 |  |  |  | 4.0 |
South Korea |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Japan |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 0.6 |
Malaysia and Singapore |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 0.6 |
Russia and Kazakhstan |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 356 |  |  |  | 1.1 |
Europe |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 473 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
India |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Total |  | $ | 9,477 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 10,691 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 30,027 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 32,117 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %

1 United States, Canada, Mexico, Peru and Colombia.

2 Substantially all of our Hong Kong revenues are derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Net sales were $9.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with $10.7 million for the comparable period a year ago, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 11%. Hong Kong net sales, substantially all of which were derived from the sale of products shipped to members residing in China, decreased $641,000, or 8%, over the comparable period a year ago in part due to the timing of a product promotion and the presale of our new skincare line at the end of September 2025. Disregarding these items, the decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the comparable period a year ago was $350,000, or 4%, which can be attributed to the continued negative consumer sentiment as a result of the heightened economic uncertainty caused by the threat of reciprocal and retaliatory tariffs. Outside of our Hong Kong business, net sales decreased $573,000, or 25%, over the comparable three-month period a year ago, primarily due to the decreased quarter-over-quarter net sales in our Chinese e-commerce retail business.

Net sales were $30.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with $32.1 million for the comparable period a year ago, a decrease of $2.1 million, or 7%. Hong Kong net sales, substantially all of which were derived from the sale of products shipped to members residing in China, decreased $1.2 million, or 4%, over the comparable period a year ago primarily due to the negative consumer sentiment as a result of the heightened economic uncertainty caused by the threat of reciprocal and retaliatory tariffs. Outside of our Hong Kong business, net sales decreased $934,000, or 15%, over the comparable nine-month period a year ago, also primarily due to the decreased quarter-over-quarter net sales in our Chinese e-commerce retail business. As of September 30, 2025, deferred revenue was $6.0 million, which consisted of $4.5 million pertaining to unshipped product orders and unredeemed product vouchers, as well as $1.5 million in auto ship advances.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was 73.7% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with 74.1% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit was 73.8% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with 73.9% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decline in gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was due to the write off of components inventory related to discontinued products.

Commissions Expense

Commissions were 40.9% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with 40.5% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Commissions were 41.2% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with 40.5% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in commissions as a percentage of net sales during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to higher weekly commissions earned by our members during the first nine months of 2025 as compared to the comparable period last year.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses declined by $262,000 to $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 as compared with $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Selling, general and administrative expenses declined by $653,000 to $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared with $11.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease for each of the three- and nine-month periods was primarily due to lower employee-related expenses and event costs as compared to the comparable periods in the prior year. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales increased slightly for the three month period ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same quarter last year, but were relatively consistent for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared with the same nine month period a year ago.

Other Income, Net

Other income was $206,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with $441,000 in the same period a year ago. Other income was $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with $1.5 million in the same period a year ago. The decrease was primarily due to less interest income earned during the current year periods.

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Income Taxes

An income tax expense of $142,000 and $131,000 was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. An income tax expense of $140,000 and $249,000 was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The tax provision during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 primarily resulted from foreign income inclusions, such as global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”) and Subpart F income, tax benefits in foreign jurisdictions and year-to-date consolidated income (loss) through September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company uses the Annual Effective Tax Rate (“AETR”) approach of FASB ASC 740-270-25-2 (formerly FIN 18) to calculate its quarterly income tax provision, but since the Company is near break-even for pre-tax earnings during each quarter thus far for the year ending December 31, 2025, this has created a significant variance in the customary relationship between pre-tax earnings and income tax expense during these interim periods. The estimated annual effective tax rate increased from (155)% in the second quarter of 2025 to 7% in the third quarter of 2025. This change was primarily driven by a shift in our worldwide pre-tax results from a near break-even position in the second quarter to a small loss in the third quarter. As a result, the quarterly and year-to-date income tax expense amounts noted in the paragraph above are significantly higher than expected in comparison to the Company’s pre-tax earnings during these same periods.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). The OBBBA includes significant tax law changes, including the permanent extension of certain provisions from the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework, and the reinstatement of favorable business tax provisions. These include 100% bonus depreciation, immediate expensing of Section 174 domestic research and experimental expenditures, and revised limitations under Section 163(j) on the deductibility of business interest expense. FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances to be recognized in the period in which legislation is enacted. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective beginning in 2025, and others implemented through 2027. The OBBBA does not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements for the interim period ending September 30, 2025, and the evaluation of the quantitative impact of the recent tax law changes to the Company’s current and deferred tax balances will be reflect on the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At September 30, 2025, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $32.0 million. Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities decreased by $11.9 million from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025 due to the dividends paid during the first nine months of 2025 and the final payment of the repatriation tax on the deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income as required by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2025, we had $25.0 million in available-for-sale investments classified as either cash equivalents or marketable securities. In addition, cash and cash equivalents included $3.0 million held in banks located within China subject to foreign currency controls.

As of September 30, 2025, the ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 2.6 to 1.0 and we had $23.1 million of working capital. Working capital as of September 30, 2025 decreased $7.1 million compared to our working capital as of December 31, 2024.

Cash used in operations was $5.0 million for the first nine months of 2025 compared with $3.5 million for the first nine months of 2024. Income tax paid during April 2025 and 2024 for the repatriation tax on the deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income was $5.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively. Disregarding these payments, cash flows from operations were $16,000 for the first nine months of 2025 compared with $514,000 for the first nine months a year ago.

Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $12.5 million during the first nine months of 2025 compared with cash flows used in investing activities of $23.1 million during the first nine months a year ago. During the first nine months of 2025, we purchased $39.0 million in marketable securities with original maturities greater than three months, and as such, reflect these purchases as an investing activity. These purchases of marketable securities were offset by $51.6 million of proceeds received from maturities of marketable securities.

Cash flows used in financing activities during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 consisted solely of quarterly dividend payments of $0.20 per common share, totaling $6.9 million in each period. Subsequent to September 30, 2025, on November 3, 2025, the Board of Directors declared another quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 on each share of common stock outstanding. The dividend will be payable on November 28, 2025 to stockholders of record on November 18, 2025. Any future cash dividends will be at the sole discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors, and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors considered relevant by the Board of Directors.

In 2016, the Board of Directors authorized an increase to the Company’s stock repurchase program first approved in 2015 from $15.0 million to $70.0 million. Any repurchases will be made in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. For all or a portion of the authorized repurchase amount, the Company may enter into one or more plans that are compliant with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act that are designed to facilitate these purchases. The stock repurchase program does not require the Company to acquire a specific number of shares, and may be suspended from time to time or discontinued. As of September 30, 2025, $21.9 million of the $70.0 million stock repurchase program remained available for future purchases, inclusive of related estimated income tax.

We believe that our existing internal liquidity, supported by cash on hand and cash flows from operations, should be adequate to fund normal business operations and address our financial commitments for the foreseeable future.

We do not have any significant unused sources of liquid assets. If necessary, we may attempt to generate more funding from the capital markets, but currently we do not believe that will be necessary.

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Our priority is to focus our resources on investing in our most important markets, which we consider to be Greater China and countries where our existing members may have the connections to recruit prospects and sell our products, such as Southeast Asia, India, South America and Europe. We will continue to invest in our Mainland China entity for such purposes as establishing China-based manufacturing capabilities, increasing public awareness of our brand and our products, sourcing more Chinese-made products, building a chain of service stations, opening additional Healthy Lifestyle Centers or branch offices, adding local staffing and other requirements for a prospective China direct selling license application.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require our management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations would be affected. We base our estimates on our own historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable after taking account of our circumstances and expectations for the future based on available information. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis.

We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (i) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made, and (ii) changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. There are items within our financial statements that require estimation but are not deemed critical, as defined above.

For a detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies and related judgments, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 21, 2025.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable under smaller reporting company disclosure rules.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2025. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common stock. There have been no material changes to our risk factors since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, except as set forth below.

Changes in government trade and economic policies, including the imposition of tariffs and other restrictive trade policies, and ongoing political and economic disputes between the United States and other jurisdictions, particularly China, may have a negative effect on global economic conditions and our business, financial results and financial condition.

Since President Trump's re-election in 2024, tariffs on imports to the United States have become an increasingly significant component of U.S. trade policy. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, the U.S. has announced and/or implemented significant new tariffs on imports from a wide range of countries, particularly China, which has prompted retaliatory tariffs by a number of countries and a cycle of further tariffs by both the U.S. and other countries. On April 2, 2025, the U.S. imposed by executive order a 34% reciprocal tariff on Chinese-origin goods. This was followed by an amended executive order April 8, 2025, raising tariffs to 84% and an April 9, 2025 executive order raising tariffs to 125%. In response, China raised its duties on imported U.S. goods to a similar level. Following negotiations, the U.S. announced a temporary 90-day reduction in its reciprocal tariff rates from 125% to 10% beginning in May 2025, and China agreed to suspend its retaliatory tariffs during the same period. The pre-existing 20% U.S. tariff imposed on all Chinese goods remained in place, along with certain other sector-specific tariffs. In October 2025, the U.S. administration announced an additional 100% tariff on all products imported from China in response to certain restrictions imposed by China on rare earth minerals, before announcing an agreement that would, among other things, reduce the general tariff rate on Chinese goods to 47%. U.S. trade policies can change quickly, and the extent and duration of tariffs and other trade barriers are difficult to predict. These developments, together with the threat of additional tariffs and other restrictive trade policies and the uncertainties they create, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and they may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, adversely affect trade and economic relations between China and the United States. Specifically, we may incur additional costs in the future in connection with shipments of products into China, particularly from the U.S. We may not be able to recover these additional costs through a surcharge. To the extent we are able to contract for products that are currently made in the U.S. to be manufactured elsewhere in order to mitigate the effect of these tariffs, we may incur additional transition costs including the cost of product reregistration. Assuming substantial tariffs remain in place, their effect on our future operating results remains uncertain. Apart from the direct cost of tariffs, the ongoing trade dispute may also have an impact on Chinese discretionary spending and consumer sentiment toward products made or perceived to be made in the U.S., which has had and may continue to have an impact on demand for our products.

Apart from trade policy, tensions between the United States and China have increased in recent years as a result of disputes in other areas including intellectual property, cybersecurity and data privacy. Tensions became particularly acute following the China legislature’s passage of a national security law in 2020 that changed the way Hong Kong has been governed since the territory was handed over by the United Kingdom to China in 1997. This law criminalizes secessionist activities, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with a foreign country or with external elements to endanger national security in Hong Kong. The U.S. State Department has indicated that the United States no longer considers Hong Kong to have significant autonomy from China, and the United States has enacted sanctions against certain persons related to China's governance of Hong Kong. China has responded in kind. These and other recent actions reflect an escalation in political and economic tensions involving the United States, China and Hong Kong, which could harm our business. A continued deterioration in these political or economic relations or other future unforeseen problems could disrupt our China and Hong Kong business (including our Hong Kong office and employees), adversely affect the distribution of our products, reduce our net sales, increase the cost of conducting our operations, or result in retaliatory actions against U.S. interests, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, any actions by non-U.S. markets to implement further trade or economic policy changes, including limiting foreign investment or trade, imposing currency controls restricting the international transfer of funds, increasing regulatory scrutiny or taking other actions which impact U.S. companies' ability to obtain necessary licenses or approvals could negatively impact our business.

Trade and economic policy changes are subject to a number of uncertainties and are only one part of the larger dynamic of political and economic relations amongst countries. The ultimate reaction of other countries, and the individuals in each of these countries, and the impact of actions on the United States, China, Hong Kong, the global economy and our business, financial condition and results of operations, cannot be predicted at this time.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP. |
Date: November 5, 2025 | /s/ Timothy S. Davidson |
| Timothy S. Davidson |
| Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |

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