Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating lease obligations as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending	Operating Leases
2019	$	444
2020		232
2021		25
2022		16
2023		—
Total minimum payments	$	717

In September 2006, the Company entered into a long-term property lease with Shorenstein Properties LLC (“Alexandria” or “landlord”) providing the Company with 234,249 square feet of space for an initial term of 15 years. Upon signing, a stand-by letter of credit was established in the amount of $7.3 million which has been included in restricted time deposits. Starting the fourth quarter of 2016, on an annual basis, 1/8^th of this letter of credit was released. As a result, the restriction of a $1.0 million was removed, and the amount was reclassified from restricted time deposits to short-term investment during the fourth quarter of each year since 2016. The agreement included an expansion option to occupy part of an adjacent building within 31 months of the lease commencement date of November 20, 2008. In June 2012, the Company gave notice to its landlord that it would not exercise this expansion option, which resulted in a $5.0 million payment liability to the landlord which is being financed over the remaining lease term of its lease.

In connection with this lease, the Company was responsible for approximately 60% of the construction costs for the tenant improvements. The Company is deemed, for accounting purposes only, to be the accounting owner of the entire project including the building shell, even though it is not the legal owner. The balance of the tenant improvements were paid by Alexandria in the form of a tenant improvement allowance of $140.50 per square foot of rentable space, or $32.5 million.

In connection with the Company’s accounting for this transaction, the Company capitalized Alexandria’s costs of constructing the building shell which totaled $50.8 million, and recognized a corresponding lease financing obligation. The Company also recognized, as an additional lease financing obligation, the reimbursements totaling $32.5 million from landlord for tenant improvements since these reimbursements are also deemed to be a financing obligation.

A portion of the monthly lease payment is allocated to land rent and recorded as an operating lease expense and the non-interest portion of the amortized lease payments to the landlord related to rent of the building is applied to the lease financing liability.

In February 2013, the Company entered into a long-term property lease with Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (“BDA”) Management Committee for a pilot plant located in Beijing Yizhuang Biomedical Park (“BYBP”) of BDA. The leased space is 4,820 square meters over an eight (8) year term starting February 1, 2013.

In connection with this lease, the Company was responsible for approximately 100% of the construction costs for the tenant improvements. The Company is deemed, for accounting purposes only, to be the accounting owner of the entire project, including the building shell, even though it is not the legal owner.

In connection with the Company’s accounting for this transaction, the Company capitalized BDA Management Committee’s costs of constructing the building shell which totaled $3.1 million, and recognized a corresponding lease financing obligation. The Company also recognized, as an additional lease financing obligation, the reimbursements totaling $0.5 million from BYBP for a rent subsidy since this reimbursement is also deemed to be a financing obligation.

Future minimum lease payments, on a consolidated basis, under the Company’s facility lease financing obligations as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending	Lease financing obligations
2019	$	14,379
2020		14,664
2021		14,179
2022		14,335
2023		12,872
Total minimum payments	$	70,429

Apart from the property leases with Alexandria and BDA Management Committee, rent expense for leased facilities under operating lease commitments was $3.1 million, $3.0 million, and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company received sublease income of $3.5 million, $3.9 million, and $3.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which were recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses for the respective periods.

The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business, including for example, service, manufacturing and collaboration agreements. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless, and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, including in connection with intellectual property infringement claims by any third party with respect to its technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after the execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these arrangements is not determinable. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these arrangements is minimal.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers to the extent permissible under applicable law.