12. DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

For the Company, as for most financial institutions, approximately 90% of its assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments. Many of the Company’s financial instruments, however, lack an available trading market characterized by a willing buyer and willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction. Therefore, significant estimates and present value calculations were used by the Company for the purpose of this disclosure.

Fair values have been determined by the Company using independent third party valuations that uses best available data (Level 2) and an estimation methodology (Level 3) the Company believes is suitable for each category of financial instruments. Management believes that cash and cash equivalents, and loans and deposits with floating interest rates have estimated fair values which approximate the recorded carrying values. The estimation methodologies used, the estimated fair values based on US GAAP measurements, and recorded carrying values at December 31, 2017 and 2016, were as follows:

	AT DECEMBER 31, 2017
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(IN THOUSANDS)
FINANCIAL ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	34,188	$	34,188	$	34,188	$	—	$	—
Investment securities – AFS		129,138		129,138		—		129,138		—
Investment securities – HTM		38,752		38,811		—		35,859		2,952
Regulatory stock		6,800		6,800		6,800		—		—
Loans held for sale		3,125		3,173		3,173		—		—
Loans, net of allowance for loan loss and unearned income		879,419		873,784		—		—		873,784
Accrued interest income receivable		3,603		3,603		3,603		—		—
Bank owned life insurance		37,860		37,860		37,860		—		—
Fair value swap asset		92		92		—		—		92
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Deposits with no stated maturities	$	688,648	$	688,648	$	688,648	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturities		259,297		260,153		—		—		260,153
Short-term borrowings		49,084		49,084		49,084		—		—
All other borrowings		66,617		69,684		—		—		69,684
Accrued interest payable		1,754		1,754		1,754		—		—
Fair value swap liability		92		92		—		—		92

	AT DECEMBER 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(IN THOUSANDS)
FINANCIAL ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	34,073	$	34,073	$	34,073	$	—	$	—
Investment securities – AFS		127,077		127,077		—		127,077		—
Investment securities – HTM		30,665		30,420		—		27,473		2,947
Regulatory stock		5,484		5,484		5,484		—		—
Loans held for sale		3,094		3,158		3,158		—		—
Loans, net of allowance for loan loss and unearned income		873,832		869,960		—		—		869,960
Accrued interest income receivable		3,116		3,116		3,116		—		—
Bank owned life insurance		37,903		37,903		37,903		—		—
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Deposits with no stated maturities	$	708,062	$	708,062	$	708,062	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturities		259,724		261,446		—		—		261,446
Short-term borrowings		12,754		12,754		12,754		—		—
All other borrowings		65,891		69,348		—		—		69,348
Accrued interest payable		1,640		1,640		1,640		—		—

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, regulatory stock, accrued interest income receivable, short-term borrowings, and accrued interest payable are equal to the current carrying value.

The fair value of investment securities is equal to the available quoted market price for similar securities. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quoted market spreads, cash flows, the US Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. The Level 3 securities are valued by discounted cash flows using the US Treasury rate for the remaining term of the securities.

Loans held for sale are priced individually at market rates on the day that the loan is locked for commitment with an investor. All loans in the held for sale account conform to Fannie Mae underwriting guidelines, with the specific intent of the loan being purchased by an investor at the predetermined rate structure. Loans in the held for sale account have specific delivery dates that must be executed to protect the pricing commitment (typically a 30, 45, or 60 day lock period).

The net loan portfolio has been valued using a present value discounted cash flow. The discount rate used in these calculations is based upon the treasury yield curve adjusted for non-interest operating costs, credit loss, current market prices and assumed prepayment risk.

The fair value of bank owned life insurance is based upon the cash surrender value of the underlying policies and matches the book value.

Deposits with stated maturities have been valued using a present value discounted cash flow with a discount rate approximating current market for similar assets and liabilities. Deposits with no stated maturities have an estimated fair value equal to both the amount payable on demand and the recorded book balance.

The fair value of all other borrowings is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates are estimated using rates currently offered for similar instruments with similar remaining maturities.

The fair values of the fair value swaps used for interest rate risk management represents the amount the Company would have expected to receive or pay to terminate such agreements.

Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are financial instruments generally not subject to sale, and fair values are not readily available. The carrying value, represented by the net deferred fee arising from the unrecognized commitment, and the fair value, determined by discounting the remaining contractual fee over the term of the commitment using fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements with similar credit risk, are not considered material for disclosure. The contractual amounts of unfunded commitments are presented in Note 16.

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on these estimated fair values. The Company’s remaining assets and liabilities which are not considered financial instruments have not been valued differently than has been customary under historical cost accounting.