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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income Tax Provisions

The December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 income tax provision is as follows:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Current:
U.S. federal		$	21,272			$	—			$	—
State and local			2,608				2,015				622
Total current provision			23,880				2,015				622
Deferred:
U.S. federal			483				6,124				—
State and local			1,322				42				—
Total deferred provision			1,805				6,166				—
Total tax provision		$	25,685			$	8,181			$	622

Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision to Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the total income tax provision tax rate to the statutory federal income tax rate of 34% for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Income taxes at statutory rates		$	396,760			$	1,272,242			$	(91,705	)
State income tax, net of federal benefit			3,910				2,054				411
Permanent items			(5,060	)			68,944				32,530
Meals and entertainment			74,755				54,375				40,796
Equity based compensation			(645,512	)			48,385				98,637
Warrant liability			—				(156,498	)			(34,160	)
Corporate tax rate change - impact on deferred income taxes			2,768,458				—				—
Research and development credit			206,801				(141,494	)			628,573
Federal NOL adjustment			(386,441	)			(206,133	)			—
Federal return to provision			53,265				11,104				—
Other federal credits			112,262				—				—
Other			15,695				—				—
Change in federal valuation allowance			(2,569,208	)			(944,798	)			(674,460	)
		$	25,685			$	8,181			$	622

Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2017				2016
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards		$	4,584,606			$	6,786,922
Capitalization of patent costs, goodwill and amortization			221,593				332,901
Capitalization of acquisition costs			84,640				43,523
Research and AMT credits			1,447,479				1,689,883
Stock based compensation			82,085				160,182
Deferred lease obligation			91,017				182,550
Other timing differences			72,787				51,314
			6,584,207				9,247,275
Less valuation allowance			(6,453,466	)			(9,028,241	)
Total deferred tax assets, net of allowance		$	130,741			$	219,034
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets			(104,324	)			(219,034	)
Goodwill			(34,388	)			(6,166	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		$	(138,712	)		$	(225,200	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		$	(7,971	)		$	(6,166	)

Summary of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefit Activity

The following table summarizes the reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits activity during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2017				2016
Beginning unrecognized tax benefits		$	1,532,000			$	1,408,000
Decreases related to prior year tax positions			(1,001,000	)			(53,000	)
Increases related to current year tax positions			179,000				177,000
Ending unrecognized tax benefits		$	710,000			$	1,532,000

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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