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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income Tax Provisions

The December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 income tax provision is as follows:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2018				2017				2016
Current:
U.S. federal		$	67,632			$	21,272			$	—
State and local			5,902				2,608				2,015
Total current provision			73,534				23,880				2,015
Deferred:
U.S. federal			23,137				483				6,124
State and local			4,872				1,322				42
Total deferred provision			28,009				1,805				6,166
Total tax provision		$	101,543			$	25,685			$	8,181

Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision to Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the total income tax provision tax rate to the statutory federal income tax rate of 21%, 34% and 34% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, is as follows:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2018				2017				2016
Income taxes at statutory rates		$	(521,383	)		$	396,760			$	1,272,242
State income tax, net of federal benefit			10,774				3,910				2,054
Permanent items			17,771				(5,060	)			68,944
Meals and entertainment			46,983				74,755				54,375
Equity based compensation			(99,007	)			(645,512	)			48,385
Warrant liability			—				—				(156,498	)
Corporate tax rate change - impact on deferred income taxes			—				2,768,458				—
Research and development credit			(195,336	)			206,801				(141,494	)
Federal NOL adjustment			—				(386,441	)			(206,133	)
Federal return to provision			(167,755	)			53,265				11,104
Other federal credits			—				112,262				—
Other			64,196				15,695				—
Change in federal valuation allowance			945,300				(2,569,208	)			(944,798	)
		$	101,543			$	25,685			$	8,181

Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2018				2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards		$	4,924,181			$	4,584,606
Capitalization of patent costs, goodwill and amortization			247,239				221,593
Capitalization of acquisition costs			81,088				84,640
Research and AMT credits			2,074,363				1,447,479
Stock based compensation			326,755				82,085
Deferred lease obligation			63,946				91,017
Accrued bonuses			198,102				—
Other timing differences			60,773				72,787
			7,976,447				6,584,207
Less valuation allowance			(7,658,670	)			(6,453,466	)
Total deferred tax assets, net of allowance		$	317,777			$	130,741
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets			(192,673	)			(104,324	)
Goodwill			(162,681	)			(34,388	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		$	(355,354	)		$	(138,712	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		$	(37,577	)		$	(7,971	)

Summary of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefit Activity

The following table summarizes the reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits activity during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2018				2017
Beginning unrecognized tax benefits		$	710,000			$	1,532,000
Decreases related to prior year tax positions			(65,000	)			(1,001,000	)
Increases related to current year tax positions			87,000				179,000
Ending unrecognized tax benefits		$	732,000			$	710,000

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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