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Summary of Significant Account Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Account Policies |
(1) | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization. OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. (the "Holding Company") is a one-bank holding company and owns 100% of OptimumBank (the "Bank"), a state (Florida)-chartered commercial bank. The Bank's wholly-owned subsidiaries are OB Real Estate Management, LLC, OB Real Estate Holdings, LLC and OB Real Estate Holding 1503, LLC, all of which were formed in 2009, OB Real Estate Holdings 1695, OB Real Estate Holdings 1669, OB Real Estate Holdings 1645, OB Real Estate Holdings 1620 and OB Real Estate Holdings 1565, all formed in 2010; OB Real Estate Holdings 1443 and OB Real Estate Holdings Northwood, OB Real Estate Holdings 1596, OB Real Estate Holdings 1636 formed in 2011; and OB Real Estate Holdings 1655, OB Real Estate Holdings 1692, OB Real Estate Holdings 1704, OB Real Estate Holdings Rosemary and OB Real Estate Holdings Sillato formed in 2012 (the "Real Estate Holding Subsidiaries"). The Holding Company's only business is the operation of the Bank and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company"). The Bank's deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). The Bank offers a variety of community banking services to individual and corporate customers through its three banking offices located in Broward County, Florida. OB Real Estate Management, LLC is primarily engaged in managing foreclosed real estate. This subsidiary had no activity in 2012 and 2011. All other subsidiaries are primarily engaged in holding and disposing of foreclosed real estate. Basis of Presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Holding Company, the Bank and the Real Estate Holding Subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting practices of the Company conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and to general practices within the banking industry. The following summarizes the more significant of these policies and practices: Use of Estimates. In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of foreclosed real estate, and the deferred tax asset.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks, interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold, all of which have original maturities of ninety days or less. The Company may be required by law or regulation to maintain cash reserves in the form of vault cash or in accounts with other banks. There were no reserve balances required at December 31, 2012 and 2011. Securities. Securities may be classified as either trading, held to maturity or available for sale. Trading securities are held principally for resale and recorded at their fair values. Unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included immediately in operations. Held to maturity securities are those which management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost. Available for sale securities consist of securities not classified as trading securities nor as held to maturity securities. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available for sale securities are reported as a net amount in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity until realized. Gains and losses on the sale of available for sale securities are determined using the specific-identification method. Premiums and discounts on securities are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the period to maturity. Loans. Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal, adjusted for any charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, and any deferred fees or costs. Commitment fees and loan origination fees are deferred and certain direct origination costs are capitalized. Both are recognized as an adjustment of the yield of the related loan. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is ninety days delinquent unless the loan is well collateralized and in process of collection. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to operations. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. There were no changes in the Company's accounting policies or methodology during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management's periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower's ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For such loans, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loans are lower than the carrying value of those loans. The general component covers all other loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss component of the allowance is determined by losses recognized by portfolio segment over the preceding three years. The historical loss experience is adjusted for the risks by each portfolio segment. Risk factors impacting loans in each of the portfolio segments include: economic trends and conditions; experience, ability and depth of lending management; national and local political environment; industry conditions and trends in charge-offs; and other trends or uncertainties that could affect management's estimate of probable losses. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for single-family and commercial real estate, land and construction and multi-family real estate loans, and consumer loans, by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment.
Foreclosed Real Estate.Real estate acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure is to be sold and is initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of foreclosure establishing a new cost basis. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the real estate is carried at the lower of the new cost basis or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations are included in the consolidated statements of operations. Premises and Equipment. Land is stated at cost. Buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures, equipment, and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each type of asset or lease term, if shorter. Preferred Securities of Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trust. On September 30, 2004, the Company acquired the common stock of OptimumBank Holdings Capital Trust I ("Issuer Trust"), an unconsolidated subsidiary trust. The Issuer Trust used the proceeds from the issuance of $5,000,000 of its preferred securities to third-party investors and common stock to acquire a $5,155,000 debenture issued by the Company. This debenture and certain capitalized costs associated with the issuance of the securities comprise the Issuer Trust's only assets and the interest payments from the debentures finance the distributions paid on the preferred securities. The Company recorded the debenture in "Junior Subordinated Debenture" and its equity interest in the business trust in "Other Assets" on the consolidated balance sheets (See Note 7). The Company has entered into agreements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee the preferred securities of the Issuer Trust subject to the terms of the guarantee. Transfer of Financial Assets. Transfers of financial assets or a participating interest in an entire financial asset are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. A participating interest is a portion of an entire financial asset that (1) conveys proportionate ownership rights with equal priority to each participating interest holder (2) involves no recourse (other than standard representations and warranties) to, or subordination by, any participating interest holder, and (3) does not entitle any participating interest holder to receive cash before any other participating interest holder.
Income Taxes. There are two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management's judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of December 31, 2012, management is not aware of any uncertain tax positions that would have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. The Holding Company and the Bank file a consolidated income tax return. Income taxes are allocated proportionately to the Holding Company and the Bank as though separate income tax returns were filed.
Advertising. The Company expenses all media advertising as incurred. Media advertising expense included in other noninterest expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations was approximately $42,000 and $9,800 during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Stock Compensation Plan. The Company has adopted the fair value recognition method and expenses the fair value of any stock options as they vest. Under the fair value recognition method, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Loss Per Share. Basic loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. In 2012 and 2011, basic and diluted loss per share is the same due to the net loss incurred by the Company. Loss per common share has been computed based on the following:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate basic and diluted loss per common share |  |  | 27,362,672 |  |  | 4,576,304 |
Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments. In the ordinary course of business the Company may enter into off-balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded. Fair Value Measurements. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities that are not active; and model-driven valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable. Valuations may be obtained from, or corroborated by, third-party pricing services.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs to measure fair value of assets and liabilities for which there is little, if any market activity at the measurement date, using reasonable inputs and assumptions based upon the best information at the time, to the extent that inputs are available without undue cost and effort. The following describes valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value: Securities Available for Sale. Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include highly liquid government bonds, certain mortgage products and exchange-traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include certain mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Government and agency securities. Impaired Loans. The Company's impaired loans are normally collateral dependent and, as such, are carried at the lower of the Company's net recorded investment in the loan or fair market value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Estimates of fair value are determined based on a variety of information, including the use of available appraisals, estimates of market value by licensed appraisers or local real estate brokers and the knowledge and experience of the Company's management related to values of properties in the Company's market areas. Management takes into consideration the type, location and occupancy of the property as well as current economic conditions in the area the property is located in assessing estimates of fair value. Accordingly, fair value estimates for impaired loans are classified as Level 3. Foreclosed Real Estate. Estimates of fair values are determined based on a variety of information, including the use of available appraisals, estimates of market value by licensed appraisers or local real estate brokers and the knowledge and experience of the Company's management related to values of properties in the Company's market areas. Management takes into consideration the type, location and occupancy of the property as well as current economic conditions in the area the property is located in assessing estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the fair values estimates for foreclosed real estate are classified as Level 3.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair values of financial instruments disclosed herein: Cash and Cash Equivalents. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair value. Securities. Fair values for securities are based on the framework for measuring fair value established by GAAP. Federal Home Loan Bank Stock. Fair value of the Company's investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock is based on its redemption value, which is its cost of $100 per share. Loans. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for fixed-rate loans, including fixed-rate residential and commercial real estate and commercial loans, are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Accrued Interest Receivable. The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates its fair value. Deposit Liabilities. The fair values disclosed for demand, NOW, money-market and savings deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate time deposits are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on time deposits to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities of time deposits. Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Junior Subordinated Debenture. Fair values of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and junior subordinated debenture are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowings. Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments. Fair values for off-balance-sheet lending commitments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties' credit standing.
Comprehensive Loss. GAAP generally requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net loss. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets, such items along with net loss, are components of comprehensive loss. The only component of other comprehensive loss is the net change in the unrealized loss on the securities available for sale. Recent Pronouncements. In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The amendments in this update remove the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity. ASU No. 2011-05 was effective for annual periods, beginning on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this guidance had no effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In December 2011, ASU No. 2011-12 Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in ASU No. 2011-05 was issued. In order to defer only those changes in ASU 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments, the paragraphs in this ASU supersede certain pending paragraphs in ASU 2011-05. The amendments were made to allow the FASB time to re-deliberate whether to present on the face of the financial statements the effects of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the components of net income and other comprehensive income for all periods presented. While the FASB is considering the operational concerns about the presentation requirements for reclassification adjustments and the needs of financial statement users for additional information about reclassification adjustments, entities are required to continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the presentation requirements in effect before ASU 2011-05. All other requirements in ASU 2011-05 are not affected by this ASU, including the requirement to report comprehensive income either in a single continuous financial statement or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. The provisions of ASU 2011-12 had no effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In January 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-01 ("ASU 2013-01"), Balance Sheet (Topic 210), Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. ASU 2013-01 clarifies that the scope of Update 2011-11 applies to derivatives accounted for in accordance with Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset in accordance with Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45 or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. ASU 2013-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the required disclosures retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18861-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18743-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18854-107790 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. + Details
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