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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company consolidates a variable interest entity (“VIE”) as a result of the Envigo acquisition. The VIE does not materially impact our net assets or net (loss) income. The Company accounts for noncontrolling interests in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation” (“ASC 810”). ASC 810 requires companies with noncontrolling interests to disclose such interests as a portion of equity but separate from the parent’s equity. The noncontrolling interests’ portion of net income (loss) is presented on the consolidated statements of operations. Comprehensive loss for the year and period presented is comprised of consolidated net loss plus the change in the cumulative translation adjustment equity account and the adjustments, net of tax, for the current year actuarial gains (losses) and prior service costs in connection with the Company’s defined benefit plan. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency of each entity are recorded at the rates of exchange at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities in currencies other than the functional currency are translated at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet date and the related transaction gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of operations, in operating income (loss). The Company records gains and losses from re-measuring intercompany loans in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations. Translation adjustments are excluded from the determination of net income (loss) and are recorded as a separate component of equity within accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated financial statements. Foreign exchange losses recorded in other income (expense) on the statements of operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $1,682 and $1,907, respectively. Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation, including the presentation of the loss on debt extinguishment in other non-cash operating activities within the Statement of Cash Flows, other assets within Note 8 - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information the presentation of the components of deferred tax assets and liabilities and the presentation of certain line items within the reconciliation of the effective income tax rate within Note 15 - Income Taxes. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Segment Reporting The Company reports its results in two reportable segments: Discovery and Safety Assessment ("DSA") and RMS. The Company’s DSA reportable segment includes services required to take a drug through the early development process including discovery services, which are non-regulated services to assist clients with the identification, screening, and selection of a lead compound for drug development, regulated and non-regulated (Good Laboratory Practice ("GLP") and non-GLP) safety assessment services and internally-manufactured scientific instruments for life sciences research and the related software for use by pharmaceutical companies, universities, government research centers and medical research institutions under the Company’s BASi product line. The Company’s RMS reportable segment includes research models, research model services and Teklad diets and bedding, biological products ("bioproducts") and Genetically Engineered Models and Services (“GEMS”). Research models include the commercial production and sale of small research models, the supply of large research models and bioproducts, including serum and plasma, whole blood, tissues, organs and glands, embryo culture serum and growth factors. Research Model Services include GEMS, which includes the performance of contract breeding and other services associated with genetically engineered models, client-owned animal colony care, and health monitoring and diagnostics services related to research models. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") requires that the Company make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments, and methodologies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known. Revenue Recognition In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, the Company disaggregates its revenue from clients into two revenue streams, service revenue and product revenue. At contract inception, the Company assesses the services and/or products promised in the contract with the clients to identify performance obligations in the arrangements. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company determines appropriate revenue recognition by completing the following steps: (i) identifying the contract(s) with a client; (ii) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determining the transaction price; (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizing revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Service revenue DSA The Company enters into contracts with clients to provide drug discovery and development services. The Company also offers archive storage services to its clients. The Company’s fixed fee arrangements may involve nonclinical research services (e.g., toxicology, pathology, pharmacology), bioanalytical, and pharmaceutical method development and validation, nonclinical research services and the analysis of bioanalytical and pharmaceutical samples. For bioanalytical and pharmaceutical method validation services and nonclinical research services, revenue is recognized over time using the input method based on the ratio of direct costs incurred to total estimated direct costs. For contracts that involve in-life study conduct, method development or the analysis of bioanalytical and pharmaceutical samples, revenue is recognized over time when samples are analyzed or when services are performed. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize over time, the Company forecasts remaining costs related to the contracts with clients. In order to forecast the remaining costs, the Company reviews the billings compared to original cost estimates, meets with project managers and updates cost estimates in relation to any scope changes requested by the client. The Company generally bills for services on a milestone basis. These contracts represent a single performance obligation and due to the Company’s right to payment for work performed, revenue is recognized over time. Research services contract fees received upon acceptance are deferred until earned and classified within fees invoiced in advance on the consolidated balance sheets. Unbilled revenues represent revenues earned under contracts in advance of billings and are classified within trade receivables and contract assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Our service contracts typically establish a fixed fee to be paid for identified services. In most cases, some percentage of the contract costs is paid in advance. While we are performing a contract, clients often adjust the scope of services to be provided based on interim project results. Fees are adjusted accordingly. Generally, our fee-for-service contracts are terminable by the client upon written notice of 30 days or less for a variety of reasons, including the client’s decision to forego a particular study, the failure of product prototypes to satisfy safety requirements, and unexpected or undesired results of product testing. Cancellation or delay of ongoing contracts may result in fluctuations in our annual results. We are generally able to recover, at a minimum, our invested costs plus an appropriate margin when contracts are terminated. RMS The Company provides GEMS, which include the performance of contract breeding and other services associated with genetically engineered models, client-owned animal colony care, and health monitoring and diagnostics services related to research models. For contracts that involve creation of a specific type of animal, revenue is recognized over time with each milestone as a separate performance obligation. The Company is due payment for work performed even if subsequent milestones are unable to be met. Contract breeding revenue and client-owned animal colony care revenue are recognized over time and are billed as per diems. Health monitoring revenue and diagnostic services revenue are recognized once the service is performed. Product revenue DSA DSA product revenue includes internally-manufactured scientific instruments for life sciences research and the related software for use by pharmaceutical companies, universities, government research centers and medical research institutions under the Company’s BASi product line. These products can be sold to multiple clients and have alternative uses. Both the transaction sales price and shipping terms are agreed upon in the client order. For these products, all revenue is recognized at a point in time, generally when title of the product and control is transferred to the client based upon shipping terms. These arrangements typically include only one performance obligation. RMS Product revenue includes research models, diets and bedding and bioproducts. Research models revenue represents the commercial production and sale of research models. Diets and bedding revenue represents laboratory animal diets, bedding, and enrichment products under the Company’s Teklad product line. Bioproducts revenue represents the sale of serum and plasma, whole blood, tissues, organs and glands, embryo culture serum and growth factors. Product revenue is recognized at the point in time when the Company’s performance obligations with the applicable clients have been satisfied. Revenue is recorded at the transaction price, which is the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to a client. The performance obligations, including associated freight to deliver products, are met based on agreed upon terms, which are generally upon delivery (destination point) and transfer of title. The Company determines the transaction price based on fixed consideration in its contractual agreements. In determining the transaction price, a significant financing component does not exist since the timing from when the Company delivers product to when the clients pay for the product is less than one year. Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and consist primarily of amounts invested in money market funds and bank deposits. Restricted Cash Restricted cash generally consists of amounts held by our creditors. Trade receivables and contract assets, net of allowances for credit losses The Company records trade receivables and contract assets, net of an allowance for credit losses. A contract asset is recorded when a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to a client is conditioned other than upon the passage of time. Trade receivables are recorded separately from contract assets since only the passage of time is required before consideration is due. The allowance for credit losses is determined each fiscal quarter based on the creditworthiness of its clients, historical collection patterns and economic conditions. Amounts deemed to be uncollectible are reserved or written off against the allowance. Concentration of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of trade receivables from clients in the biopharmaceutical, contract research, academic, and governmental sectors. The Company believes its exposure to credit risk is minimal, as the majority of the clients are predominantly well established and viable. Additionally, the Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event that payment is not received for revenue recognized equals the outstanding trade receivables and contract assets less fees invoiced in advance. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, one client related to the RMS segment accounted for 22.0% of total revenue. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, one client related to the RMS segment accounted for 28.2% of total revenue. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, no vendor accounted for greater than 10.0% of the sum of cost of services and cost of products. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, one vendor related to the RMS segment accounted for 19.7% of the sum of cost of services and cost of products. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s judgment about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the inputs as follows: •Level 1 – Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access. •Level 2 – Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. •Level 3 – Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value are disclosed in Note 7 – Debt and Note 9 – Post-Employment Benefits. Inventories Inventories consist primarily of research models stock, biomedical products, diets and bedding, and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Valuation of NHPs is determined utilizing specific identification methodology and all other inventory valuation is determined utilizing standard costs, approximating average costs. The determination of net realizable value is assessed using the selling price of the products. Provisions are recorded to reduce the carrying value of inventory determined to be unsalable. Property and Equipment Property and equipment, net, including improvements that significantly add to productive capacity or extend useful life, are carried at cost and are subject to review for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Leasehold buildings and improvements are depreciated over the lesser of its estimated useful life or remaining lease term. The cost of normal, recurring, or periodic repairs and maintenance activities related to property and equipment is expensed as incurred. When the Company disposes of property and equipment, it removes the associated cost and accumulated depreciation from the related accounts on its consolidated balance sheet and includes any resulting gain or loss recorded in other (expense) income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The Company generally depreciates the cost of its property and equipment using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows:
Asset | Estimated Useful Lives
Land | Indefinite
Land improvements | 5 - 20
Buildings and building improvements | 10 - 40
Machinery and equipment | 7 - 10
Furniture and fixtures | 7 - 10
Computer hardware and software | 3 - 5
Vehicles | 3 - 5
Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company allocates the amounts that it pays for each acquisition to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests based on their fair values at the dates of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets, which typically represents a significant portion of the purchase price. Goodwill and Intangible Assets We use assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. The determination of the fair value of intangible assets, which represent a significant portion of the purchase price in many of our acquisitions, requires the use of significant judgment with regard to the fair value. We utilize commonly accepted valuation techniques, such as the income, cost and market approaches, as appropriate, in establishing the fair value of intangible assets. Typically, key assumptions include projections of cash flows that arise from identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses as well as discount rates based on an analysis of the weighted average cost of capital, adjusted for specific risks associated with the assets. Customer relationship intangible assets are the most significant identifiable definite-lived asset acquired. To determine the fair value of the acquired customer relationships, the Company typically utilizes the multiple period excess earnings model (a commonly accepted valuation technique), which relies on the following key assumptions: projections of cash flows from the acquired entities, which includes future revenue growth rates, operating income (loss) margins, and customer attrition rates; as well as discount rates based on an analysis of the acquired entities’ weighted average cost of capital. Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed when accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Goodwill is not amortized, but reviewed for impairment on an annual basis, utilizing an assessment date of September 30th, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of the Company's reporting units below their carrying amounts. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. If the Company elects this option and believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the carrying value of goodwill is not recoverable, the quantitative impairment test is required; otherwise, no further testing is required. Alternatively, the Company may elect to not first assess qualitative factors and immediately perform the quantitative impairment test. In the quantitative test, the Company compares the fair value of its reporting units to their carrying values. The estimated cash flows used to determine the fair value of the reporting units used in the impairment test requires significant judgment with respect to revenue growth, EBITDA margin, and weighted average cost of capital. If the carrying values of the net assets assigned to the reporting units exceed the fair values of the reporting units an impairment loss equal to the difference would be recorded. See Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further discussion related to goodwill impairment charges during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are utilized and qualitatively reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets or asset group may not be recoverable. If quantitative determination of recoverability is required, recoverability of assets to be held and used is determined by the Company at the level for which there are identifiable cash flows by comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to future undiscounted net cash flows utilizing forecasted revenue growth, EBITDA margin, and capital expenditures before interest expense and income taxes expected to be generated by the assets. If the carrying amount exceeds the outcome of the analysis of undiscounted cash flows, impairment is measured through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values, and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the definite-lived intangible assets, the definite-lived intangible assets are written-down to their fair values. The Company amortizes the cost of its intangible assets utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the definite-lived intangible assets as follows:
Asset |  | Estimated Useful Lives (in years)
Customer relationships |  | 5 - 13
Intellectual property |  | 5 - 20
Other |  | 0 - 15
Long-lived Tangible Assets Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets or asset group may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written-down to their fair values. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are carried at fair value less costs to sell. Leases At the commencement of a contract, the Company determines if a contract meets the definition of a lease. A lease is a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company determines if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time. The Company assesses throughout the period of use whether the Company has the following: (1) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset, and (2) the right to direct the use of the identified asset. This determination is reassessed if the terms of the contract are changed. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases based on the terms of the lease agreement and certain characteristics of the identified asset. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of the minimum future lease payments. The Company leases laboratory, manufacturing and production facilities and office space (real estate) and vehicles under non-cancellable operating and finance leases. The carrying value of the Company’s right-of-use lease assets is substantially concentrated in its real estate leases, while the volume of lease agreements is primarily concentrated in vehicle leases. The Company’s policy is to not record operating leases with an original term of twelve months or less on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense for these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition to rent, the leases may require the Company to pay additional amounts for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other expenses, which are generally referred to as non-lease components. These adjustments are treated as variable lease payments and recognized in the period in which the obligation for these payments was incurred. Only when lease components and their associated non-lease components are fixed are they accounted for as a single lease component and are recognized as part of a right-of-use asset and liability. Most real estate leases contain clauses for renewal at the Company’s option with renewal terms that generally extend the lease term from 1 to 5 years. Certain lease agreements contain options to purchase the leased property and options to terminate the lease. Payments to be made in option periods are recognized as part of the right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the option to extend the lease will be exercised or the option to terminate the lease will not be exercised, or is not at the Company’s option. The Company determines whether the reasonably certain threshold is met by considering all relevant factors, including company-specific plans and economic outlook. Lease income is considered contra-expense within operating expenses. Pension Costs As a result of the Envigo acquisition, the Company has a defined benefit pension plan for one of its U.K. subsidiaries. The projected benefit obligation and funded position of the defined benefit plan is estimated by actuaries and the Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit plan on its consolidated balance sheets and recognizes gains, losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period that are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. The Company measures plan assets and obligations as of the date of the Company’s year-end consolidated balance sheet, using assumptions to anticipate future events. Additional information about certain effects on net periodic benefit cost for the next fiscal year that arise from delayed recognition of the gains or losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition assets or obligations are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements (see Note 9 – Post-Employment Benefits). Stock-Based Compensation The Company may grant stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and to non-employee directors under stock-based compensation plans. Stock-based compensation is recognized as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations based on the grant date fair value, adjusted for forfeitures when they occur, over the requisite service period. For stock options, restricted stock and RSUs that vest based on service periods, the Company uses the straight-line method to allocate compensation expense to reporting periods. The fair value of stock options granted is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Our assumptions are based on historical information and professional judgment is required to determine if historical trends may be indicators of future outcomes. We estimated the following key assumptions for the binomial valuation calculation: •Risk-free interest rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the option. •Expected volatility: The Company uses our historical share price volatility on our common shares for our expected volatility assumption. •Expected term: The expected term represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. The expected term is determined based on historical exercise behavior, post-vesting termination patterns, options outstanding and future expected exercise behavior. •Expected dividends: The Company assumes that we will pay no dividends. Fees Invoiced in Advance Fees invoiced in advance are considered to be contract liabilities. A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a client prior to transferring goods or services to the client under the terms of a contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the client and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. Fees invoiced in advance includes payments received in advance of the incurrence of cost toward a contract with a client and client prepayments, which are typically used to secure supply of certain animal models and to provide early payment for data or safety assessment services until earned and classified within fees invoiced in advance on the consolidated balance sheets. The fees invoiced in advance are typically credited against sales invoices when products are sold or as services are completed. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred taxes are measured using rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company uses a two-step process for the measurement of uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in a tax return. The first step is a determination of whether the tax position should be recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The second step determines the measurement of the tax position. The Company records potential interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. As of November 5, 2021, with the acquisition of Envigo, the Company adopted an accounting policy regarding the treatment of taxes due on future inclusion of non-U.S. income in U.S. taxable income under the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income provisions as a current period expense when incurred. New Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). Amendments in this ASU simplify accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity's own equity. The amendments remove the separation models for convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features and convertible instruments with beneficial conversion features. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as a single liability at its amortized cost and convertible preferred stock will be accounted for as a single debt or equity instrument measured at its historical cost as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. The amendments also modify the accounting for certain contracts in an entity's own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. Lastly, the earnings per share ("EPS") calculation is being amended to (i) require entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments and include the effect of potential share settlement; (ii) clarify that the average market price for the period should be used in the computation of the diluted EPS denominator; and (iii) require entities to use the weighted-average share count from each quarter when calculating the year-to-date weighted average share count for all potentially dilutive securities. In the first fiscal quarter of 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06). As a result of the approval of the increase in authorized shares on November 4, 2021 (see Note 13 – Equity), the Convertible Senior Notes conversion rights met all equity classification criteria in ASC 815. As a result, the derivative liability was remeasured as of November 4, 2021 and reclassified out of long-term liabilities and into additional paid-in capital. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), to reduce the complexity of accounting for income taxes, including providing a model under which an entity can consider recording a deferred tax asset (“DTA”) in certain situations previously prohibited. The previous guidance in ASC 740-10-25-4 prohibited recognition of a DTA for a subsequent step-up in the tax basis of goodwill that is related to the portion of goodwill from a prior business combination for which a deferred tax liability (“DTL”) was not initially recognized, in most cases. Under the new approach, an entity can consider a list of factors in determining whether the step-up in tax basis is related to the business combination that caused the initial recognition of goodwill or to a separate transaction. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company’s adoption of this standard in fiscal year 2022 did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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