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Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | (2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zynex, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. NONCONTROLLING INTEREST Noncontrolling interest in the equity of a subsidiary is accounted for and reported as stockholders’ (deficit) equity. Noncontrolling interest represents the 20% ownership in the Company’s majority-owned subsidiary, ZBC. USE OF ESTIMATES Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant management estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are associated with the allowance for contractual adjustments and uncollectible accounts receivable, the reserve for obsolete and damaged inventory, stock-based compensation, valuation of long-lived assets, and income taxes. REVENUE RECOGNITION, ALLOWANCE FOR CONTRACTUAL ADJUSTMENTS AND COLLECTIBILITY The Company recognizes revenue when each of the following four conditions are met: 1) a contract or sales arrangement exists, 2) products have been shipped and title has transferred, or rental services have been rendered, 3) the price of the products or services is fixed or determinable, and 4) collectability is reasonably assured. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue, both rental and sales, when products have been delivered to the patient and the patient’s insurance (if the patient has insurance) has been verified. For medical products that are sold from inventories consigned at clinic locations, the Company recognizes revenue when it receives notice that the product has been prescribed and delivered to the patient and the patient’s insurance coverage has been verified or preauthorization has been obtained from the insurance company, when required. Revenue from the rental of products is normally on a month-to-month basis and is recognized ratably over the products’ rental period. Revenue from sales to distributors is recognized when the Company ships its products, which fulfills its order and transfers title. Revenue is reported net, after adjustments for estimated insurance company or governmental agency (collectively “Third-party Payors”) reimbursement deductions. The deductions are known throughout the health care industry as “contractual adjustments” whereby the Third-party Payors unilaterally reduce the amount they reimburse for the Company’s products. A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are derived, and the related receivables are due, from Third-party Payors. The nature of these receivables within this industry has typically resulted in long collection cycles. The process of determining what products will be reimbursed by Third-party Payors and the amounts that they will reimburse is complex and depends on conditions and procedures that vary among providers and may change from time to time. The Company maintains an allowance for contractual adjustments and records additions to the allowance to account for the risk of nonpayment. Contractual adjustments result from reimbursements from Third-party Payors that are less than amounts claimed or where the amount claimed by the Company exceeds the Third-party Payors’ usual, customary and reasonable reimbursement rate. The Company determines the amount of the allowance, and adjusts it at the end of each reporting period, based on a number of factors, including historical rates of collection, the aging of the receivables, trends in the historical rates of collection and current relationships and experience with the Third-party Payors. If the rates of collection of past-due receivables recorded for previous fiscal periods changes, or if there is a trend in the rates of collection on those receivables, the Company may be required to change the rate at which it provides for additions to the allowance. A change in the rates of the Company’s collections can result from a number of factors, including experience and training of billing personnel, changes in the reimbursement policies or practices of Third-party Payors, or changes in industry rates of reimbursement. Accordingly, changes to the allowance for contractual adjustments, which are recorded in the income statement as a reduction of revenue, have historically fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. Due to the nature of the industry and the reimbursement environment in which the Company operates, estimates are required to record net revenues and accounts receivable at their net realizable values. Inherent in these estimates is the risk that they will have to be revised or updated as additional information becomes available. Specifically, the complexity of third-party billing arrangements and the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain products or services from payors or unanticipated requirements to refund payments previously received may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Due to continuing changes in the health care industry and third-party reimbursement, as well as changes in our billing practices to increase cash collections, it is possible that management’s estimates could change in the near term, which could have an impact on our results of operations and cash flows. Any differences between estimated settlements and final determinations are reflected as an increase or a reduction to revenue in the period when such final determinations are known. The Company frequently receives refund requests from insurance providers relating to specific patients and dates of service. Billing and reimbursement disputes are very common in the Company’s industry. These requests are sometimes related to a limited number of patients or products; at other times, they include a significant number of refund claims in a single request. The Company reviews and evaluates these requests and determines if any refund request is appropriate. The Company also reviews these refund claims when it is rebilling or pursuing reimbursement from that insurance provider. The Company frequently has significant offsets against such refund requests, and sometimes amounts are due to the Company in excess of the amounts of refunds requested by the insurance providers. Therefore, at the time of receipt of such refund requests, the Company is generally unable to determine if a refund request is valid and should be accrued. As of September 30, 2014, the Company believes it has an adequate allowance for contractual adjustments relating to all known insurance disputes and refund requests. However, no assurances can be given with respect to such estimates of reimbursements and offsets or the ultimate outcome of any refund requests. In addition to the allowance for contractual adjustments, the Company records an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable. Uncollectible accounts receivable are primarily a result of non-payment from patients who have been direct billed for co-payments or deductibles, lack of appropriate insurance coverage and disallowances of charges by Third-party Payors. If there is a change to a material insurance provider contract or policy, application by a provider, a decline in the economic condition of providers or a significant turnover of Company billing personnel resulting in diminished collection effectiveness, the estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable may not be adequate and may result in an increase in the future. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable is $936 and $1,837, respectively. At September 30, 2014, the Company recorded a liability for deferred revenue in the amount of $109 which represents amounts paid by Third-party Payors for consumable supplies that were not shipped to patients as of September 30, 2014. This liability was reduced to zero in October 2014. There was no such liability at December 31, 2013. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2014 include cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable, for which current carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Financial instruments at September 30, 2014 also include the line of credit and notes payable, the carrying value of which approximates fair value because the interest rates on the outstanding borrowings are at rates that approximate market rates for borrowings with similar terms and average maturities. INVENTORY Inventories, which primarily represent finished goods, are valued at the lower of cost (average) or market. In the second quarter of 2014, the Company narrowed its focus to the NexWave, InWave and NeuroMove electrotherapy products and building the sales representative group for its TENS and compound pain cream solutions. As a result, the Company wrote-off all inventory unrelated to those specific product lines and recorded a charge to cost of revenue – write-off of noncore inventory in the amount of $2,005 during the nine month period ended September 30, 2014. Finished goods include products held at the Company’s headquarters and at different locations by health care providers or other parties for rental or sale to patients. Total (gross) inventories at September 30, 2014 included $2,506 of finished goods, $247 of parts, and $390 of supplies. The Company monitors inventory for turnover and obsolescence, and records losses for excess and obsolete inventory as appropriate. The Company provides reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the costs of inventories on hand and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand. If future demand is less favorable than currently projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. To fulfill orders faster, the Company places a large amount of its inventory with field sales representatives. This increases the sensitivity of these products to obsolescence reserve estimates. As this inventory is not in the Company’s possession, management maintains additional reserves for estimated shrinkage of these inventories based on the Company’s aging. At September 30, 2014, the Company had an allowance for obsolete and damaged inventory of approximately $660. The allowance for obsolete and damaged inventory was approximately $1,278 at December 31, 2013. The decrease from December 31, 2013 is due primarily to the write-off of noncore inventory discussed above. In addition, in the second quarter of 2014, the Company changed its method of estimation for determining allowances for obsolete and damaged inventory. The Company now estimates that finished units held for sale will be reserved beginning in year three and fully reserved after four years compared to five years previously. This change in estimate had the effect of increasing the allowances for obsolete and damaged inventory by approximately $414 at September 30, 2014 and increasing cost of revenue – sales by approximately $168 ($0.01 per share) and $414 ($0.02 per share) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 respectively. The Company had $107 of open purchase commitments at September 30, 2014. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment are stated at cost. Products on rental contracts are placed in property and equipment and depreciated over their estimated useful life. The Company removes the cost and the related accumulated depreciation from the accounts of assets sold or retired, and the resulting gains or losses are included in the results of operations. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the useful life of the asset. As rental inventory contributes directly to the revenue generating process, the Company classifies the depreciation of rental inventory in cost of revenue. As a result of the Company’s change in product focus discussed above, the Company wrote-off all rental inventory unrelated to those specific product lines and recorded a charge to cost of revenue – write-off of noncore inventory of $650 in the second quarter of 2014. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. INTANGIBLE ASSETS Intangible assets with estimable lives are amortized in a pattern consistent with the asset’s identifiable cash flows or using a straight- line method over their remaining estimated benefit periods if the pattern of cash flows is not estimable. The Company reviews the carrying value of intangible and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets is measured by comparison of their carrying amounts to the undiscounted cash flows that the asset or asset group is expected to generate. If the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the undiscounted cash flows the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Intangible assets primarily include capitalized software. The Company capitalizes software development costs incurred during the application development stage related to new software or major enhancements to the functionality of existing software that is developed solely to meet the entity’s internal operational needs and when no substantive plans exist or are being developed to market the software externally. Costs capitalized include external direct costs of materials and services and internal payroll and payroll-related costs. Any costs during the preliminary project stage or related to training or maintenance are expensed as incurred. Capitalization ceases when the software project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. The capitalization and ongoing assessment of recoverability of development costs requires considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors, including, but not limited to, technological and economic feasibility, and estimated economic life. When the projects are ready for their intended use, the Company amortizes such costs over their estimated useful lives of five years. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, which is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. The stock-based compensation expenses are recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the requisite service period, which in the Company’s case is the same as the vesting period). For awards subject to the achievement of performance metrics, stock-based compensation expense is recognized when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09—“Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) which amended revenue recognition guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. This accounting guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 using one of two prescribed retrospective methods. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the amended revenue recognition guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11 “Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.” Under ASU 2013-11, an entity is required to present an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. If a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. ASU 2013-11 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The adoption of this guidance affects presentation only and, therefore, did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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