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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | (2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zynex, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Non-controlling Interest Non-controlling interest in the equity of a subsidiary is accounted for and reported as stockholders’ (deficit) equity. Non-controlling interest represents the 20% ownership in the Company’s majority-owned (but currently inactive) subsidiary, ZBC. Use of Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant management estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are associated with the allowance for billing adjustments and uncollectible accounts receivable, the reserve for obsolete and damaged inventory, the life of its rented equipment, stock-based compensation, and valuation of long-lived assets and realizability of deferred tax assets. Revenue Recognition, Allowance for Billing Adjustments and Collectability The Company recognizes revenue when each of the following four conditions are met: 1) a contract or sales arrangement exists, 2) products have been shipped and title has transferred, or rental services have been rendered, 3) the price of the products or services is fixed or determinable, and 4) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes revenue when medical units and supplies are shipped or, for medical units sold from consigned inventory, when it receives notice that the product has been prescribed and delivered to the patient. The Company, prior to recognizing revenue verifies the patient’s insurance coverage or obtained the insurance company preauthorization, when required. Revenue from supplies is recognized upon shipment. Revenue from the rental of products is normally on a month-to-month basis and is recognized ratably over the products’ rental period. Revenue from sales to distributors is recognized when the Company ships its products. Revenue is reported net, after adjustments for estimated insurance company or governmental agency (collectively “Third-party Payors”) reimbursement deductions and, for wholesale customers and patient billings, an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Third-party Payor reimbursement deductions are known throughout the health care industry as “billing adjustments” whereby the Third-party Payors unilaterally reduce the amount they reimburse for the Company’s products. A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are derived, and the related receivables are due, from Third-party Payors. The nature of these receivables within the medical industry has typically resulted in long collection cycles. The process of determining what products will be reimbursed by Third-party Payors and the amounts that they will reimburse is complex and depends on conditions and procedures that vary among providers and may change from time to time. The Company maintains an allowance for billing adjustments and an allowance for doubtful accounts. Billing adjustments result from reimbursements from Third-party Payors that are less than amounts claimed and from where the amount claimed by the Company exceeds the Third-party Payors usual, customary and reasonable reimbursement rate. The Company determines the amount of the allowance and adjusts it at the end of each reporting period, based on a number of factors, including historical rates of collection, the aging of the receivables, trends in the historical rates of collection and current relationships and experience with the Third-party Payors. If the rates of collection of past-due receivables recorded for previous fiscal periods changes, or if there is a trend in the rates of collection on those receivables, the Company may be required to change the rate at which it provides for additions to the allowance. A change in the rates of the Company’s collections can result from a number of factors, including experience and training of billing personnel, changes in the reimbursement policies or practices of Third-party Payors, or changes in industry rates of reimbursement. We believe we have a sufficient history of collection experience to estimate the net collectible amounts by payor. However, changes to the allowance for billing adjustments and uncollectible accounts, which are recorded in the income statement as a reduction of revenue, have historically fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. Due to the nature of the medical industry and the reimbursement environment in which the Company operates, estimates are required to record net revenues and accounts receivable at their net realizable values (also known as net collectible value). Inherent in these estimates is the risk that they will have to be revised or updated as additional information becomes available. Specifically, the complexity of third-party billing arrangements and the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain products or services from payors or unanticipated requirements to refund payments previously received may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Due to continuing changes in the health care industry and third-party reimbursement, as well as changes in our billing practices to increase cash collections, it is possible that management’s estimates could change in the near term, which could have an impact on our results of operations and cash flows. Any differences between estimated settlements and final determinations are reflected as an increase or a reduction to revenue in the period when such final determinations are known. The Company frequently receives refund requests from insurance providers relating to specific patients and dates of service. Billing and reimbursement disputes are very common in the Company’s industry. These requests are sometimes related to a limited number of patients or products; at other times, they include a significant number of refund claims in a single request. The Company reviews and evaluates these requests and determines if any refund request is appropriate. The Company also reviews these refund claims when it is rebilling or pursuing reimbursement from that insurance provider. The Company frequently has significant offsets against such refund requests, and sometimes amounts are due to the Company in excess of the amounts of refunds requested by the insurance providers. Therefore, at the time of receipt of such refund requests, the Company is generally unable to determine if a refund request is valid and should be accrued. Such refunds are accrued when the amount is fixed and determinable. However, no assurances can be given with respect to such estimates of reimbursements and offsets or the ultimate outcome of any refund requests. In addition to the allowance for billing adjustments, the Company records an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable for wholesale (sales to distributors) sales and certain patient billings. Uncollectible accounts receivable are primarily a result of non-payment from patients who have been direct billed for co-payments or deductibles, lack of appropriate insurance coverage and disallowances of charges by Third-party Payors. If there is a change to a material insurance provider contract or policy, application by a provider, a decline in the economic condition of providers or a significant turnover of Company billing personnel resulting in diminished collection effectiveness, the estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable may not be adequate and may result in an increase in the future. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable on commercial and wholesale accounts and patient billings total $2,481 and $1,996, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the Company believes its accounts receivable is reasonably stated at its net realizable / collectible value and has an adequate allowance for billing adjustments relating to all known insurance disputes and refund requests. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded a liability for deferred revenue in the amount of $54 and $89, respectively. Deferred revenue represents amounts paid by Third-party Payors for consumable supplies that were not yet shipped to patients as of that date. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2016, include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and income taxes, for which current carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Financial instruments at December 31, 2016, also include the line of credit and capitalized leases, the carrying value of which approximates fair value because the interest rates on the outstanding borrowings are at rates that approximate market rates for borrowings with similar terms and average maturities. Deferred Insurance Reimbursement During the first quarter of 2016, the Company collected $880 from a single insurance company for accounts receivable. The accounts receivable had been previously reduced to zero by the allowance for billing adjustments. Subsequent to March 31, 2016, the insurance company verbally communicated to the Company that this payment was made in error and requested it be refunded to the insurance company. The Company recorded this $880 insurance reimbursement as a deferred insurance liability. However, the Company is disputing the refund request and has initiated an internal audit of the reimbursement to determine that the original sales arrangement was properly executed, the products had been shipped and title was transferred (or rental services were rendered), the price of the products or services and the reimbursement rate is fixed and determinable, and the Company’s ultimate claim to the reimbursement is reasonably assured. The Company will record the appropriate amount as net revenue when such internal audit is complete and the Company’s claim to the amount is reasonably assured. No further communication has been received from the insurance company regarding the payment or requested refund. Inventory Inventory, which primarily represents finished goods, are valued at the lower of cost (average) or market. The Company monitors inventory for turnover and obsolescence and records losses for excess and obsolete inventory, as appropriate. The Company provides reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the costs of inventories on hand and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand. If future demand is less favorable than currently projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Finished goods at December 31, 2016 and 2015 includes products (finished goods, parts and supplies) held at the Company’s headquarters and, at December 31, 2014, finished goods at different locations by health care providers or other third parties for rental or sale to patients (field inventory). During 2015 the Company ramped up the EZ Rx Prescribe program, whereby the NexWave electrotherapy device is sold by prescription and is shipped from the Company manufacturing facilities. In 2016, 99.9% of Company sales use the EZ Rx Prescription program. As a result, the Company is no longer holding substantial field inventory at different locations by healthcare or third party providers. During 2014 and 2015, in conjunction with the introduction and ramp up of the EZ Rx Prescribe program, industry conditions driven by health care reforms and the ongoing evaluation of field inventory, the Company provided significant allowances for field inventory. During the fourth quarter of 2015 the Company wrote off the remaining non-productive field inventory, resulting in writing-off and/or providing an allowance field inventory of $1,256 during 2015. This amount is included within cost of revenue – rental, product and supply within the consolidated statement of operations. Total gross inventories at December 31, 2016 included $17 of finished goods and work in process and $90 of parts and supplies as compared to December 31, 2015, which included $102 of finished goods and $231 of parts and supplies. On December 31, 2016, the Company did not have open inventory purchase commitments due to prepayment requirements with vendors. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Products being rented are placed in property and equipment and depreciated over their estimated useful life. The Company removes the cost and the related accumulated depreciation from the accounts of assets sold or retired, and the resulting net gains or losses are included in the results of operations. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the useful life of the asset. As rental inventory contributes directly to the revenue generating process, the Company classifies the depreciation of rental inventory in cost of revenue. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, which is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. The stock-based compensation expenses are recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the requisite service period, which in the Company’s case is the same as the vesting period). For awards subject to the achievement of performance metrics, stock-based compensation expense is recognized when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. Advertising The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was approximately $116 and $78, respectively. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was approximately $256 and $256, respectively. Research and development costs as well as salaries related to research and development are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes includes taxes payable or refundable for the current period and the deferred tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements or income tax returns. Temporary differences result primarily from basis differences in property and equipment, accounts receivable, inventory and accrued expenses. The carrying value of deferred tax assets is determined based on an evaluation of whether the Company is more likely than not to realize the assets. A valuation allowance is established, when considered necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions through recognition of a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had accrued unrecognized tax benefits, penalties and interest of $129 and $250, respectively. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and various state jurisdictions, and there are open statutes of limitations for taxing authorities to audit our tax returns from 2012 through the current period. Foreign Currency Transactions Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Foreign currency transaction gains for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were insignificant. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren't measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today's "incurred loss" approach with an "expected loss" model for instruments measured at amortized cost. For available-for-sale debt securities, entities will be required to record allowances rather than reduce the carrying amount, as they do today under the other-than-temporary impairment model. It also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) ("ASU2016-09"), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendments in ASU 2016-09 address multiple aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liability, and classification on the statements of cash flows. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period, and any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). These amendments require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases under ASC 840 “Leases”. These amendments also require qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. Entities are required to apply the amendments at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes - Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (Topic 740) ("ASU No. 2015-17"). ASU No. 2015-17 requires deferred tax liabilities and assets to be classified as noncurrent in the consolidated balance sheet and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. It may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is evaluating the effect of this updated guidance on the disclosures in the footnotes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15 “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. The amendments in this Update provide guidance in GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016 and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company is adopting this updated guidance on the disclosures in the footnotes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09—“Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) which amended revenue recognition guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. This accounting guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, using one of two prescribed retrospective methods. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the amended revenue recognition guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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