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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | (2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zynex, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Non-controlling Interest Non-controlling interest in the equity of a subsidiary is accounted for and reported as stockholders’ equity (deficit). Non-controlling interest represents the 20% ownership in the Company’s majority-owned (but currently inactive) subsidiary, ZBC. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2017 financial statements to conform to the consolidated 2018 financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net earnings or cash flows as previously reported. Use of Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant management estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are associated with the allowance for billing adjustments and uncollectible accounts receivable, the reserve for obsolete and damaged inventory, the life of its rented devices, stock-based compensation, and valuation of long-lived assets and realizability of deferred tax assets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 — Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, for which current carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Financial instruments also included the notes payable related to our private placement and capitalized leases, the carrying value of which approximates fair value because the interest rates on the outstanding borrowings are at rates that approximate market rates for borrowings with similar terms and average maturities. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments include investments with maturities greater than three months, but not exceeding 12 months, or highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 12 months that the Company intends to liquidate during the next 12 months for working capital needs. Inventory Inventory, which primarily represents devices, parts and supplies, are valued at the lower of cost (average) or market. The Company monitors inventory for turnover and obsolescence and records losses for excess and obsolete inventory, as appropriate. The Company provides reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the costs of inventories on hand and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand. If future demand is less favorable than currently projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Total gross inventories at December 31, 2018 were $0.8 million which was comprised of finished goods, work in progress, and parts and supplies as compared to December 31, 2017 of $0.4 million. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or lease term, if shorter, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization, and are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Billing Adjustments and Collectability On January 1, 2018 the company adopted the new accounting standard on revenue recognition issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Pursuant to the revenue from contracts with customer’s standards the Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled, known as the transaction price. The company elected to use the modified retrospective method which resulted in immaterial changes to previously issued financial statements and retained earnings. Revenue is generated primarily from sales in the United States of our electrotherapy devices and associated supplies. Sales are primarily made with, and shipped, direct to the patient with a small amount of revenue generated from sales to distributors. Device sales can be in the form of a purchase or a lease. Revenue related to purchased devices are recognized in accordance with ASU No. 2014-09—“Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and is recognized when the device, which has been prescribed by a doctor, is delivered to the patient which is when control is deemed to have transferred to the customer. Revenue related to devices out on lease is recognized in accordance with ASC 840, Leases. Using the guidance in ASC 840, we concluded our transactions should be accounted for as operating leases based on the following criteria below:
|  | The lease does not transfer ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term.
|  | The lease does not grant the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.
|  | The lease term is month to month, which does not meet the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset. However, if the commencement date falls at or near the end of the economic life of the underlying asset, this criterion shall not be used for purposes of classifying the lease.
|  | There is no residual value guaranteed and the present value of the sum of the lease payments does not equal or exceed substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset
|  | The underlying asset is expected to have alternative uses to the lessor at the end of the lease term.
Leased units still require a doctor’s prescription and the lease inception is dependent upon delivery. The company retains title to the leased device and those devices are classified as property and equipment on the balance sheet. Since our leases are month-to-month and can be returned by the patient at any time, revenue is typically recognized monthly as use by the patient persists. Devices sales between purchased, subject to ASC 606 , and leased, subject to ASC 840 , are broken down as following (in thousands):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
DEVICE REVENUE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchased |  | $ | 1,950 |  |  | $ | 1,643 |
Leased |  |  | 4,872 |  |  |  | 3,377 |
Total Device revenue |  | $ | 6,822 |  |  | $ | 5,020 |
Supplies revenue is recognized once delivered to the patient, which is when control is deemed to have transferred to the customer. Supplies needed for the device can be set up as a recurring shipment or ordered through the customer support team or online store as needed. In the healthcare industry there is often a third party involved that will pay on the patients’ behalf for purchased or leased devices and supplies. The terms of the separate arrangement impact certain aspects of the contracts, with patients covered by third party payors, such as contract type, performance obligations and transaction price, but for purposes of revenue recognition the contract with the customer refers to the arrangement between the Company and the patient. The Company does not have any material deferred revenue in the normal course of business as each performance obligation is met upon delivery of goods to the patient. The Company has $0.9 million at the end of December 31, 2018 in deferred revenue related to an insurance reimbursement claim that is expected to be resolved in 2019. For additional detail see description below in Note 9. There are no substantial costs incurred through support or warranty obligations. Primarily all of The Company’s revenues are derived, and the related receivables are due, from patients with private health insurance carriers and workers compensation claims (collectively “Third-party Payors”), with a small portion related to private pay individuals , attorney and auto claims. Transaction price is estimated with variable consideration using the most likely amount technique for Third-party Payor reimbursement deductions, known throughout the health care industry as “billing adjustments” whereby the Third-party Payors unilaterally reduce the amount they reimburse for the Company’s products, refund requests, and for the timing and values of amounts to be billed. Inherent in these estimates is the risk that they will have to be revised as additional information becomes available and constraints are released. Specifically, the complexity of third-party billing arrangements and the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain products from payors or unanticipated requirements to refund payments previously received may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Due to continuing changes in the health care industry and third-party reimbursement, as well as changes in our billing practices to increase cash collections, it is possible our forecasting model to estimate collections could change, which could have an impact on our results of operations and cash flows. Any differences between estimated settlements and final determinations are reflected as an increase or a reduction to revenue in the period when such final determinations are known. Historically these differences have been immaterial and The Company has not had to go back and reassess the adjustments of future periods for past billing adjustments. The basis of estimates includes historical rates of collection, the aging of the receivables, trends in the historical reimbursement rates by insurance groups, determined using the portfolio approach, and current relationships and experience with the Third-party Payors. A change in the way estimates are determined can result from a number of factors, including experience and training of billing personnel, changes in the reimbursement policies or practices of Third-party Payors, or changes in industry rates of reimbursement. The Company monitors the variability and uncertain timing over payor groups in our portfolios. If there is a change in our payor mix over time, it could affect our net revenue and related receivables. We believe we have a sufficient history of collection experience to estimate the net collectible amounts by payor. However, changes to the allowance for billing adjustments, which are recorded as a reduction of transaction price, have historically fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. The Company frequently receives refund requests from insurance providers relating to specific patients and dates of service. Billing and reimbursement disputes are very common in the Company’s industry. These requests are sometimes related to a limited number of patients or products; at other times, they include a significant number of refund claims in a single request. The Company reviews and evaluates these requests and determines if any refund request is appropriate. The Company also reviews these refund claims when it is rebilling or pursuing reimbursement from insurance providers. The Company frequently has significant offsets against such refund requests, and sometimes amounts are due to the Company in excess of the amounts of refunds requested by the insurance providers. Therefore, at the time of receipt of such refund requests, the Company is generally unable to determine if a refund request is valid and should be accrued. Such refunds are recorded when the amount is fixed and determinable. However, management maintains an allowance for estimated future refunds which we believe is sufficient to cover future claims in connection with its estimates of variable consideration recorded at the time sales are recorded. The Company estimates the collectability of revenues based upon historical rates of collection, the aging of receivables, trends in the historical reimbursement rates by insurance groups, and current relationships and experience with the third – party payors. Billing adjustments are recorded as an adjustment of transaction price and are reflected as an increase or a reduction to revenue in the period when such adjustments are identified. As of December 31, 2018, the Company believes its accounts receivable is reasonably stated at its net collectible value and has an adequate allowance for billing adjustments relating to all known insurance disputes and refund requests. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, which is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. The stock-based compensation expenses are recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the requisite service period, which in the Company’s case is the same as the vesting period). For awards subject to the achievement of performance metrics, stock-based compensation expense is recognized when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. Rent The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments include investments with maturities greater than three months, but not exceeding 12 months, or highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 1 2 months that the Company intends to liquidate during the next 12 months for working capital needs. The lease term begins when the Company has the right to control the use of the property, which is typically before rent payments are due under the lease agreement. The difference between the rent expense and rent paid is recorded as Deferred rent in the consolidated balance sheets. Tenant incentives used to fund leasehold improvements are recorded in deferred rent and amortized as reductions of lease rent expense ratably over the lease term. Advertising The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $0.1 million. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Research and development which includes salaries related to research and development and raw materials are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Income Taxes We record deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. We use a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation (the “Tax Act”), which significantly revises the ongoing U.S. corporate income tax law by lowering the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, implementing a territorial tax system, imposing a one-time tax on foreign unremitted earnings and setting limitations on deductibility of certain costs, among other things. The Company is subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, which requires that the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates be recognized in the period the tax rate change was enacted. Due to the complexities involved in accounting for the recently enacted Tax Act, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 118 allows a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the Tax Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. The company has finalized its analysis of tax impacts as of December 31, 2018 and had recorded no material adjustments. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (“ASU 2017-12”), which amends and simplifies existing guidance in order to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. ASU 2017-12 is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, and earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2017-12 on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). These amendments require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases under ASC 840 “Leases”. These amendments also require qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. Entities are required to apply the amendments at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. We will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2019, on a modified retrospective basis. While we continue to evaluate the effect of adopting this guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, we expect our operating leases; will be subject to the new standard. We estimate approximately $4.0 million would be recognized as total right of use assets and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. Other than disclosed we do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on our remaining consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payments (“ASU 2018-07”). This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The effective date for the standard is for interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2019. The new guidance is required to be applied retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2018-07, however we do not anticipate adoption to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements, Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Recent Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09—“Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) which amended revenue recognition guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The Company adopted the new ASU as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method and resulted in no material changes to previously stated financial statements. For further details see the revenue recognition policy described previously in Note 2.

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