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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | (2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zynex, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant management estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are associated with the expected net collectable value of its accounts receivable and related revenue, inventory reserves, the life of its leased unit devices, stock-based compensation, valuation of long-lived assets acquired in business combinations, valuation of contingent consideration and realizability of deferred tax assets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. The Company measures its long-term debt at fair value which approximates book value as the long-term debt bears market rates of interest. The Company classifies contingent consideration liabilities related to business acquisitions within Level 3 as factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. The Company estimates the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities using a Monte Carlo simulation. Changes in the fair value of contingent liabilities in subsequent periods are recorded as a loss (gain) in the statements of operations. Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments include investments with maturities greater than three months, but not exceeding 12 months, or highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 12 months that the Company intends to liquidate during the next 12 months for working capital needs. Accounts Receivable, Net The Company’s accounts receivables represent unconditional rights to consideration and are generated when a patient receives one of the Company’s devices, related supplies or complementary products. In conjunction with fulfilling the Company’s obligation to deliver a product, the Company bills the patient’s third-party payer or the patient. Billing adjustments represent the difference between the list prices and the reimbursement rates set by third-party payers, including Medicare, commercial payers and amounts billed directly to the patient. Specific amounts, if uncollected over a period of time, may be written off after several appeals, which in some cases may take longer than twelve months. Primarily all of the Company’s receivables are due from patients with commercial or government health plans and workers compensation claims with a small portion related to private pay individuals, attorney and auto claims. Inventory, Net Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard costs, which approximates actual costs on an average cost basis. Following are the components of inventory as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Raw materials | ​ | $ | 3,506 | ​ | $ | 4,471
Work-in-process | ​ |  | 1,205 | ​ |  | 345
Finished goods | ​ |  | 7,750 | ​ |  | 4,468
Inventory in transit | ​ | ​ | 1,291 | ​ | ​ | 1,624
​ | ​ | $ | 13,752 | ​ | $ | 10,908
Less: reserve | ​ |  | (268) | ​ |  | (152)
​ | ​ | $ | 13,484 | ​ | $ | 10,756
​ The Company monitors inventory for turnover and obsolescence and records losses for excess and obsolete inventory, as appropriate. The Company provides reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the costs of inventories on hand and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand. If future demand is less favorable than currently projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Long-lived Assets The Company records intangible assets based on estimated fair value on the date of acquisition. Long-lived assets consist of net property and equipment and intangible assets. The finite-lived intangible assets are patents and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated lives of the assets. The Company assesses impairment of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicates that their carrying value amount may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: (i) significant decreases in the market price of the asset; (ii) significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors; (iii) or, expectations that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, from the use of an asset are less than the carrying value, a write-down would be recorded to reduce the related asset to its estimated fair value. Useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets by each asset category are summarized below: ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Estimated
​ |  | Useful Lives
​ |  | in years
Patents |  | 11
​ Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. We compute depreciation expense on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​
Classification |  | Estimated Useful Life
Office furniture and equipment |  | 5 to 7 years
Assembly equipment |  | 7 years
Vehicles |  | 5 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of useful life or term of lease
Leased devices |  | 9 months
​ Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception or modification of a contract. The Company recognizes finance and operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. For our finance leases, the Company uses the implicit rate to determine the present value of future lease payments. For our operating leases that do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of future lease payments. The Company includes options to extend or terminate a lease in the lease term when it is reasonably certain to exercise such options. The Company recognizes leases with an initial term of 12 months or less as lease expense over the lease term and those leases are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information on our leases where the Company is the lessee, see Note 11- Leases. A significant portion of our device revenue is derived from patients who obtain our devices under month-to-month lease arrangements where the Company is the lessor. Revenue related to devices on lease is recognized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases. Using the guidance in ASC 842, we concluded our transactions should be accounted for as operating leases based on the following criteria:
| ● | The lease does not transfer ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term.
| ● | The lease does not grant the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.
| ● | The lease term is month to month, which does not meet the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset. However, if the commencement date falls at or near the end of the economic life of the underlying asset, this criterion shall not be used for purposes of classifying the lease.
| ● | There is no residual value guaranteed and the present value of the sum of the lease payments does not equal or exceed substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset
| ● | The underlying asset is expected to have alternative uses to the lessor at the end of the lease term.
Lease commencement occurs upon delivery of the device to the patient. The Company retains title to the leased device and those devices are classified as property and equipment on the balance sheet. Since our leases are month-to-month and can be returned by the patient at any time, revenue is recognized monthly for the duration of the period in which the patient retains the device. Revenue Recognition Revenue is derived from sales and leases of the Company’s electrotherapy devices and sales of related supplies and complementary products. Device sales can be in the form of a purchase or a lease. Supplies needed for the device can be set up as a recurring shipment or ordered through the customer support team or online store as needed. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the product has been transferred to the patient, in the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive. In general, revenue from sales of devices and supplies is recognized once the product is delivered to the patient, which is when control is deemed to have transferred to the patient. Sales of devices and supplies are primarily shipped directly to the patient, with a small amount of revenue generated from sales to distributors. In the healthcare industry there is often a third party involved that will pay on the patients’ behalf for purchased or leased devices and supplies. The terms of the separate arrangement impact certain aspects of the contracts, with patients covered by third party payers, such as contract type, performance obligations and transaction price, but for purposes of revenue recognition the contract with the customer refers to the arrangement between the Company and the patient. The Company does not have any material deferred revenue in the normal course of business as each performance obligation is met upon delivery of goods to the patient. There are no substantial costs incurred through support or warranty obligations. The following table provides a breakdown of net revenue related to devices accounted for as purchases subject to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 – “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) and leases subject to ASC 842 (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Years Ended December 31,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Device revenue |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Purchased | ​ | $ | 14,393 | ​ | $ | 9,240
Leased | ​ | ​ | 29,104 | ​ | ​ | 27,373
Total device revenue | ​ |  | 43,497 | ​ |  | 36,613
Supplies revenue | ​ | ​ | 114,670 | ​ | ​ | 93,688
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 158,167 | ​ | $ | 130,301
​ Revenues are estimated using the portfolio approach by third-party payer type based upon historical rates of collection, aging of receivables, trends in historical reimbursement rates by third-party payer types, and current relationships and experience with the third-party payers, which includes estimated constraints for third-party payer refund requests, deductions and adjustments. Inherent in these estimates is the risk that they will have to be revised as additional information becomes available and constraints are released. Specifically, the complexity of third-party payer billing arrangements and the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain products from third-party payers or unanticipated requirements to refund payments previously received may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Settlements with third-party payers for retroactive revenue adjustments due to audits, reviews or investigations are considered variable consideration and are included in the determination of the estimated transaction price using the expected amount method. These adjustments to transaction price are estimated based on the terms of the payment agreement with the payer, correspondence from the payer and historical settlement activity, including an assessment to ensure that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the retroactive adjustment is subsequently resolved. Due to continuing changes in the healthcare industry and third-party payer reimbursement, it is possible the Company’s forecasting model to estimate collections could change, which could have an impact on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. Any differences between estimated and actual collectability are reflected in the period in which received. Historically these differences have been immaterial, and the Company has not had a significant reversal of revenue from prior periods. The Company monitors the variability and uncertain timing over third-party payer types in the portfolios. If there is a change in the Company’s third-party payer mix over time, it could affect net revenue and related receivables. The Company believes it has a sufficient history of collection experience to estimate the net collectible amounts by third-party payer type. However, changes to constraints related to billing adjustments and refund requests have historically fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. Goodwill Goodwill is recorded as the difference between the fair value of the purchase consideration and the estimated fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is subject to impairment testing in the future. The Company tests goodwill at least annually for impairment. The Company tests more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. These indicators include, among others, declines in sales, earnings or cash flows, or the development of a material adverse change in the business climate. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. The estimates of fair value and the determination of reporting units requires management judgment. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs are costs incurred to obtain new debt financing. Debt issuance costs are presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt and are accreted to interest expense using the effective interest method. Advertising and Marketing Costs Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and marketing costs are included in Sales and marketing expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Segment Information The Company defines operating segments as components of the business enterprise for which separate financial information is reviewed regularly by the chief operating decision-makers to evaluate performance and to make operating decisions. The Company has identified our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer as our Chief Operating Decision-Makers (“CODM”). The Company currently operates business as one operating segment which includes two revenue types: Devices and Supplies. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, which is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. The stock-based compensation expenses are recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the requisite service period, which in the Company’s case is the same as the vesting period). For awards subject to the achievement of performance metrics, stock-based compensation expense is recognized when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. Earnings Per Share The Company calculates basic earnings per share on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period plus the effect of potential dilutive common shares during the period using the treasury stock method. Potential shares of common stock outstanding include unvested restricted stock awards, shares held in escrow, vested and unvested unexercised stock options and common stock purchase warrants. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. During 2022 and 2021, we incurred research and development expenses of approximately $7.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively, related to our ZMS operations. During 2022, approximately $1.0 million of the expenses qualified for Section 174 - “Amortization of Research and Experimental Expenditures” tax treatment. Research and development, which includes salaries related to research and development and raw materials, are included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Income Taxes The Company records deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. Tax benefits are recognized from uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016-13”), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren’t measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. For available-for-sale debt securities, entities will be required to record allowances rather than reduce the carrying amount, as they do today under the other-than-temporary impairment model. It also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods therein for smaller reporting companies. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. The Company adopted this standard during the quarter ended June 30, 2022. The primary instrument that needed to be evaluated was the Company’s trade receivables and the impact was not material. Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that those pronouncements will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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