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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | (2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zynex, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant management estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are associated with the expected net collectable value of its accounts receivable and related revenue, inventory reserves, the life of its leased unit devices, stock-based compensation, valuation of long-lived assets acquired in business combinations, valuation of contingent consideration, and realizability of deferred tax assets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. The Company measures its long-term debt at fair value which approximates book value as the long-term debt bears market rates of interest. The Company classified contingent consideration liabilities related to business acquisitions within Level 3 as factors used to develop the estimated fair value were unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. The Company estimated the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities using a Monte Carlo simulation. Changes in the fair value of contingent liabilities in subsequent periods were recorded as a gain or (loss) in the statements of income. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments include investments with maturities greater than three months, but not exceeding 12 months, or highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 12 months that the Company intends to liquidate during the next 12 months for working capital needs. Accounts Receivable, Net The Company’s accounts receivables represent unconditional rights to consideration and are generated when a patient receives one of the Company’s devices, related supplies, or complementary products. In conjunction with fulfilling the Company’s obligation to deliver a product, the Company bills the patient’s third-party payer or the patient. Billing adjustments represent the difference between the list prices and the reimbursement rates set by third-party payers, including Medicare, commercial payers, and amounts billed directly to the patient. Specific amounts, if uncollected over a period of time, may be written off after several appeals, which in some cases may take longer than twelve months. Primarily, all the Company’s receivables are due from patients with commercial or government health plans and workers’ compensation claims with a small portion related to private pay individuals, attorney, and auto claims. Inventory, Net Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard costs, which approximates actual costs on an average cost basis. Following are the components of inventory as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Raw materials | ​ | $ | 4,601 | ​ | $ | 3,506
Work-in-process | ​ |  | 530 | ​ |  | 1,205
Finished goods | ​ | ​ | 6,929 | ​ | ​ | 7,750
Inventory in transit | ​ |  | 1,346 | ​ |  | 1,291
​ | ​ | $ | 13,406 | ​ | $ | 13,752
Less: reserve | ​ | ​ | (300) | ​ | ​ | (268)
​ | ​ | $ | 13,106 | ​ | $ | 13,484
​ The Company monitors inventory for turnover and obsolescence and records losses for excess and obsolete inventory, as appropriate. The Company provides reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the costs of inventories on hand and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand. If future demand is less favorable than currently projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Long-lived Assets The Company records intangible assets based on estimated fair value on the date of acquisition. Long-lived assets consist of net property and equipment and intangible assets. The finite-lived intangible assets are patents and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated lives of the assets. The Company assesses impairment of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value amount may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include but are not limited to: (i) significant decreases in the market price of the asset; (ii) significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors; or (iii) expectations that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, from the use of an asset are less than the carrying value, a write-down would be recorded to reduce the related asset to its estimated fair value. Useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets by each asset category are summarized below: ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Estimated
​ | ​ | Useful Lives
​ |  | in years
Patents |  | 11
​ Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. We compute depreciation expense on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​
Classification |  | Estimated Useful Life
Office furniture and equipment |  | 5 to 7 years
Assembly equipment |  | 7 years
Vehicles |  | 5 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of useful life or term of lease
Leased devices |  | 9 months
​ Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception or modification of a contract. The Company recognizes finance and operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. For our finance leases, the Company uses the implicit rate to determine the present value of future lease payments. For our operating leases that do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of future lease payments. The Company includes options to extend or terminate a lease in the lease term when it is reasonably certain to exercise such options. The Company recognizes leases with an initial term of 12 months or less as lease expense over the lease term, and those leases are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information on our leases where the Company is the lessee, see Note 12 - Leases. A significant portion of our device revenue is derived from patients who obtain our devices under month-to-month lease arrangements where the Company is the lessor. Revenue related to devices on lease is recognized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”). Using the guidance in ASC 842, we concluded our transactions should be accounted for as operating leases based on the following criteria:
| ● | The lease does not transfer ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term.
| ● | The lease does not grant the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.
| ● | The lease term is month to month, which does not meet the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset. However, if the commencement date falls at or near the end of the economic life of the underlying asset, this criterion shall not be used for purposes of classifying the lease.
| ● | There is no residual value guaranteed and the present value of the sum of the lease payments does not equal or exceed substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset.
| ● | The underlying asset is expected to have alternative uses to the lessor at the end of the lease term.
Lease commencement occurs upon delivery of the device to the patient. The Company retains title to the leased device and those devices are classified as property and equipment on the balance sheet. Since our leases are month-to-month and can be returned by the patient at any time, revenue is recognized monthly for the duration of the period in which the patient retains the device. Revenue Recognition Revenue is derived from sales and leases of the Company’s electrotherapy devices and sales of related supplies and complementary products. Device sales can be in the form of a purchase or a lease. Supplies needed for the device can be set up as a recurring shipment or ordered through the customer support team or online store as needed. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the product has been transferred to the patient, in the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive. In general, revenue from sales of devices and supplies is recognized once the product is delivered to the patient, which is when control is deemed to have transferred to the patient. Sales of devices and supplies are primarily shipped directly to the patient, with a small amount of revenue generated from sales to distributors. In the healthcare industry, there is often a third party involved that will pay on the patients’ behalf for purchased or leased devices and supplies. The terms of the separate arrangement impact certain aspects of the contracts, with patients covered by third party payers, such as contract type, performance obligations, and transaction price. For purposes of revenue recognition, the contract with the customer refers to the arrangement between the Company and the patient. The Company does not have any material deferred revenue in the normal course of business as each performance obligation is met upon delivery of goods to the patient. There are no substantial costs incurred through support or warranty obligations. The following table provides a breakdown of net revenue related to devices accounted for as purchases subject to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 – “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) and leases subject to ASC 842 (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Years Ended December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Device revenue | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Purchased | ​ | $ | 23,971 | ​ | $ | 14,393
Leased | ​ |  | 34,851 | ​ |  | 29,104
Total device revenue | ​ | $ | 58,822 | ​ | $ | 43,497
Supplies revenue | ​ | ​ | 125,500 | ​ | ​ | 114,670
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 184,322 | ​ | $ | 158,167
​ Revenues are estimated using the portfolio approach by third-party payer type based upon historical rates of collection, aging of receivables, trends in historical reimbursement rates by third-party payer types, and current relationships and experience with the third-party payers, which includes estimated constraints for third-party payer refund requests, deductions, allowance for uncollectible accounts and billing allowance adjustments. Inherent in these estimates is the risk they will have to be revised as additional information becomes available and constraints are released. If initial estimates are updated these changes are accounted for as increases or decreases in the transaction price. Assuming the underlying performance obligation to which the change in price relates has already been satisfied, those changes in transaction price are immediately recognized as increases or decreases in revenue (not credit losses (bad debt expense)) in the period in which the estimate changes. Additionally, the complexity of third-party payer billing arrangements, the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain products from third-party payers, or unanticipated requirements to refund payments previously received may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Settlements with third-party payers for retroactive revenue adjustments due to audits, reviews, or investigations are considered variable consideration and are included in the determination of the estimated transaction price using the expected amount method. These adjustments to transaction price are estimated based on the terms of the payment agreement with the payer, correspondence from the payer, and historical settlement activity, including an assessment to ensure that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the retroactive adjustment is subsequently resolved. Due to continuing changes in the healthcare industry and third-party payer reimbursement, it is possible the Company’s forecasting model to estimate collections could change, which could have an impact on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. Any differences between estimated and actual collectability are reflected in the period in which payment is received. The Company monitors the variability and uncertain timing over third-party payer types in the portfolios. If there is a change in the Company’s third-party payer mix over time, it could affect net revenue and related receivables. The Company believes it has a sufficient history of collection experience to estimate the net collectible amounts by third-party payer type. However, changes to constraints related to billing adjustments and refund requests have historically fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year. Goodwill Goodwill is recorded as the difference between the fair value of the purchase consideration and the estimated fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is subject to impairment testing. The Company tests goodwill at least annually for impairment. The Company tests more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. These indicators include, among others, declines in sales, earnings, cash flows, or the development of a material adverse change in the business climate. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. The estimates of fair value and the determination of reporting units requires management judgment. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs are costs incurred to obtain new debt financing. Debt issuance costs are presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt and are accreted to interest expense using the effective interest method. Advertising and Marketing Costs Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and marketing costs are included in Sales and marketing expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Segment Information The Company defines operating segments as components of the business enterprise for which separate financial information is reviewed regularly by the Chief Operating Decision-Makers to evaluate performance and to make operating decisions. The Company has identified our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer as our Chief Operating Decision-Makers (“CODMs”). The Company currently operates business as one operating segment which includes two revenue types: Devices and Supplies. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, which is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. The stock-based compensation expenses are recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the requisite service period, which in the Company’s case is the same as the vesting period). For awards subject to the achievement of performance metrics, stock-based compensation expense is recognized when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. Earnings Per Share The Company calculates basic earnings per share on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period plus the effect of potential dilutive common shares during the period using the treasury stock method and if-converted method. Potential shares of common stock outstanding include unvested restricted stock awards, vested and unvested unexercised stock options, common stock purchase warrants, and convertible notes. Research and Development Research and Development costs are expensed when incurred. During 2023 and 2022, we incurred approximately $9.2 million and $7.1 million in operating expenses, respectively, related to our ZMS operations. During 2023 and 2022, approximately $7.7 million and $6.0 million of the expenses, respectively, required capitalization under Section 174 - “Amortization of Research and Experimental Expenditures” tax treatment. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in 2024 as our ZMS business expands. Income Taxes The Company records deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. Tax benefits are recognized from uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative” (“ASU 2023-06”). This ASU incorporates certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The amendments in the ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of ASC Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the ASC with the SEC’s regulations. The ASU has an unusual effective date and transition requirements since it is contingent on future SEC rule setting. If the SEC fails to enact required changes by June 30, 2027, this ASU is not effective for any entities. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”) to update reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance. This update is effective beginning with the Company’s 2024 fiscal year annual reporting period, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. ​ In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”) to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures, particularly in the rate reconciliation table and disclosures about income taxes paid. This ASU applies to all entities subject to income taxes. This ASU will be effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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