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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICI ES Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries. We have also consolidated the following entities that are not wholly owned for which we have control: Australia Country Cinemas Pty, Limited, a company in which we own a 75% interest and whose only assets are our leasehold cinema at Dubbo, Australia and our owned cinema at Townsville, Australia; Sutton Hill Properties, LLC (“SHP”), a company based in New York in which we own a 75% interest and whose only asset is the fee interest in the Cinemas 123; and,  Shadow View Land and Farming, LLC in which we own a 50% controlling membership interest and whose only asset was a 202-acre land parcel in Coachella, California which was sold in March 2021. The company is in the process of winding up. Our investment interests in certain joint venture arrangements, for which we own between 20% to 50% and for which we have no control over the operations, are accounted for as unconsolidated joint ventures, and hence, recorded in the consolidated financial statements under the equity method. These investment interests include our: 33.3% undivided interest in the unincorporated joint venture that owns the Mt. Gravatt cinema in a suburb of Brisbane, Australia; 50% undivided interest in the unincorporated joint venture that owns Rialto Cinemas in New Zealand. We consider that we have control over our partially owned subsidiaries and joint venture interests (collectively “investee”) when these conditions exist: (i)we own a majority of the voting rights or interests of the investee (typically above 50%), or (ii)in the case when we own less than the majority voting rights or interests, we have the power over the investee when the voting rights or interests are sufficient to give it the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee unilaterally. The Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether or not our voting rights in the investee are sufficient to give it power, including: (i)the size of our voting rights and interests relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of other vote holders; (ii)potential voting rights and interests held by us; (iii)rights and interests arising from other contractual arrangements; and, (iv)any additional other relevant facts. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on the consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto. Hence, actual results may differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include: (i)projections we make regarding the recoverability and impairment of our assets (including goodwill and intangibles); (ii)recoverability of our deferred tax asset; (iii)estimation of our Incremental Borrowing Rate (“IBR”) as relates to the valuation of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; (iv)valuations of our derivative instruments, and; (v)estimation of gift card and gift certificate breakage where we have concluded that the likelihood of redemption is remote. Revenue Recognition (i)Cinema Exhibition Segment (all net of related taxes): Sales of Cinema tickets (excluding bulk and advanced ticket sales) and food and beverage (“F&B”) sales – recognized when sold and collected, either in cash or credit card at our theatre locations and through our online selling channels; Sales of Bulk and Advanced Cinema Ticket Sales – deferred and recognized as revenue when the promised performance or movie that the ticket has been purchased for is shown; Gift Cards and Gift Certificate Sales – deferred and recognized as revenue when redeemed, except for the breakage portion, as described below; Breakage Income – recognized for unredeemed cards and certificates using the proportional method, whereby breakage revenue is recognized in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer when the Company expects that it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur for any estimated breakage amounts. This is based on a breakage ‘experience rate’ which is determined by historical redemption data; Loyalty Income - a component of revenue from members of our loyalty programs relating to the earning of loyalty rewards is deferred until such a time as members redeem rewards, or until we believe the likelihood of redemption by the member is remote. Deferral is based on the estimated fair value of a loyalty point, the number of member points accumulated, and the likelihood of redemption as determined by historical redemption data, a nd; Advertising Revenues – recognized based on contractual arrangements or relevant admissions information, as appropriate, when the related performance obligation is satisfied. (ii)Real Estate Segment: Property Rentals –we contractually retain substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of our real estate properties and therefore, we account for our tenant leases as operating leases. Accordingly, rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term; and, Live Theatre License Fees – w e have real property interest in, and license theatre space to third parties for, the presentation of theatrical productions. Revenue is recognized in accordance with the license agreement and is typically recorded on a weekly basis after the performance of a show has occurred. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase as cash equivalents for which cost approximates fair value. Receivables Our receivables balance is composed primarily of credit card and booking agent receivables, representing the purchase price of tickets, food & beverage items, or coupon books sold at our various businesses. Sales charged on customer credit cards are collected when the credit card transactions are processed. The remaining receivables balance is primarily made up of the net Goods and Service Tax (“GST”) receivable from our Australian taxing authorities, rents receivable from our third-party tenants, and the management fee receivable from the managed cinemas. We have no history of significant bad debt losses but we have established an allowance for accounts that we deem uncollectible. Inventory Inventory is composed of food and beverage items in our theater operations and books and associated stationery items at our State Cinema bookstore, and is stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes those cash accounts for which the use of funds is restricted by any contract or bank covenant. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, our restricted cash balance was $2.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Derivative Financial Instruments From time to time, we purchase interest rate derivative instrfuments to hedge the interest rate risk that results from the variability of certain of our floating-rate borrowings. Our use of derivative transactions is intended to reduce long-term fluctuations in cash flows caused by market movements. Derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value through interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations or, in the case of accounting hedges, in Other Comprehensive Income and then reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. The cash flows from interest rate derivatives are classified as cashflows provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Cashflow Statement, as are the hedged transactions. As of December 31, 2024 we had derivative positions designated as accounting hedges of ($137,000). As of December 31, 2023, we had no derivative positions designated as accounting hedges. Operating Properties, net Our Operating Properties consist of land, buildings and improvements, leasehold improvements, fixtures and equipment, which we use to derive operating income associated with our two business segments, cinema exhibition and real estate. Buildings and improvements, leasehold improvements, fixtures and equipment are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair market value and depreciated over the useful lives of the related assets. Land is not depreciated. Expenditures relating to renovations, betterments or improvements to existing assets are capitalized if they improve or extend the lives of the respective assets and/or provide long-term future net cash inflows, including the potential for cost savings. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives are generally as follows:
Building and improvements | 15 – 60 years
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the lease term or useful life of the improvement
Theater equipment | 7 years
Furniture and fixtures | 3 – 10 years
Investment and Development Properties, net Investment and Development Properties consist of land, buildings and improvements under development, and their associated capitalized interest and other development costs that we are either holding for development, currently developing, or holding for investment appreciation purposes. These properties are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair market value. Within this category are building and improvement costs directly associated with the development of potential cinemas (whether for sale or lease), the development of entertainment-themed centers (“ETCs”), or other improvements to real property. In the case of investments in land and the redevelopment of existing improvements, where we have a confirmed capital project we capitalize cost associated with title work, land use matters, and design, engineering and architectural work. As incurred, we expense start-up costs (such as pre-opening cinema advertising and training expense) and other costs not directly related to the acquisition and development of long-term assets. We cease cost capitalization (including interest) on a development property when the property is complete and ready for its intended use, or if activities necessary to get the property ready for its intended use have been substantially curtailed. However, we do not suspend cost capitalization for brief interruptions and interruptions that are externally imposed, such as mandates from governmental authorities. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We review long-lived assets, including goodwill and intangibles, for impairment as part of our annual budgeting process, at the beginning of the fourth quarter, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable. We review internal management reports on a monthly basis as well as monitor current and potential future competition in film markets for indications of potential impairment. (i)Impairment of Long-lived Assets (other than Goodwill and Intangible Assets with indefinite lives) – we evaluate our long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets using historical and projected data of cash flows as our primary indicator of potential impairment and we take into consideration the seasonality of our business. If the sum of the estimated, undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, then an impairment is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value based on an appraisal or a discounted cash flow calculation. We include all relevant right-of-use assets in our impairment assessments and exclude the related lease liabilities and payments. For certain non-income producing properties or for those assets with no consistent historical or projected cash flows, we obtain appraisals or other evidence to evaluate whether there are impairment indicators for these assets. No impairment losses were recorded for long-lived and finite-lived intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2024, based on historical information and projected cash flow. No impairment losses were recorded in 2023. We recorded $1.5 million of impairment losses against long-lived and finite-lived intangible assets in 2022. This impairment was recorded against cinemas whose performance had not improved commensurate to the rest of our portfolio. (ii)Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets with indefinite lives – goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead, tested for impairment at least annually on a reporting unit basis. The impairment evaluation is based on the present value of estimated future cash flows of the reporting unit plus the expected terminal value. There are significant assumptions and estimates used in determining the future cash flows and terminal value. The most significant assumptions include our cost of debt and cost of equity assumptions that comprise the weighted average cost of capital for each reporting unit. Accordingly, actual results could vary materially from such estimates. No impairment losses were recorded for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for the three years ended December 31, 2024. For a detailed discussion of our impairment assessments, refer to Note 2. Variable Interest Entity The Company enters into relationships or investments with other entities that may be a variable interest entity (“VIE”). A VIE is consolidated in the financial statements if the Company has the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Reading International Trust I is a VIE. It is not consolidated in our financial statements because we are not the primary beneficiary. We carry our investment in the Reading International Trust I, recorded under “Other Assets”, using the equity method of accounting because we have the ability to exercise significant influence (but not control) over operating and financial policies of the entity. We eliminate transactions with an equity method entity to the extent of our ownership in such an entity. Accordingly, our share of net income/(loss) of this equity method entity is included in consolidated net income/(loss). We have no implicit or explicit obligation to further fund our investment in Reading International Trust I. Land and Property Held for Sale When a property is classified as held for sale, we present the respective assets and liabilities related to the property held for sale separately on the balance sheet and cease to record depreciation and amortization expense. Properties held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or their estimated fair value less the estimated costs to sell. A disposal group may represent a single asset, or multiple assets where a group of assets will be disposed of together as a group in a single transaction. Refer to Note 6 – Real Estate Transactions for details. Deferred Leasing/Financing Costs Direct costs incurred in connection with obtaining tenants and or financing are amortized over the respective term of the loan utilizing the effective interest method, or straight-line method if the result is not materially different. In addition, interest on loans with increasing interest rates and scheduled principal pre-payments are also recognized using the effective interest method. Net deferred financing costs are presented as a reduction in the associated debt account (see Note 13 – Borrowings). Film Rental Costs Film rental costs are accrued based on the applicable box office receipts and estimates of the final settlement to the film licensors. Advertising Expense We expense our advertising as incurred. The amount of our advertising expense was $1.7 million, $1.6 million, and $1.4 million in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Operating Leases As Lessee ‎We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Contracts are analyzed in accordance with the criteria set out in ASC 842 to determine if there is a lease present. For contracts that contain an operating lease, we account for the lease component and the non-lease component together as a single component. For contracts that contain a finance lease we account for the lease component and the non-lease component separately in accordance with ASC 842. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities, current and non-current, in our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in operating properties, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease payments for our cinema operating leases consist of fixed base rent, and for certain leases, variable lease payments consisting of contracted percentages of revenue, changes in the relevant CPI, and/or other contracted financial metrics. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our country-specific incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any prepaid lease payments made and excludes lease incentives received. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 to 20 years, with certain leases having options to extend to up to a further 45 years. We include in our ROU assets and lease liabilities those options to extend or not to terminate where it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Subsequent amortization of the right of use asset and accretion of the lease liability for an operating lease is recognized as a single lease cost, on a straight-line basis, over the term of the lease. A finance lease right-of-use asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the useful life of the leased asset or the lease term, and interest on each finance lease liability is determined as the amount that results in a constant periodic discount rate on the remaining balance of the liability. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which we do not separate. Such items, for example property taxes and insurances, are accounted for on an accrual basis. For certain equipment leases, such as cinema equipment, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. As a result of the impacts of COVID-19, we have obtained certain concessions from our landlords. Where we have obtained rent concessions from our landlords, or provided concessions to our tenants, we have elected not to perform the standard Topic 842 modification evaluation where the concession does not result in the total consideration required by the contract being substantially the same or less than the total consideration originally required by the contract. We have elected to account for these concessions as if there have been no changes to the underlying contracts, thereby recognizing abatements secured as variable lease expenses, and increasing payables for lease payment deferrals. As Lessor As part of our real estate operations, we own certain real estate property in the U.S., Australia and New Zealand which we lease to third parties. These leases vary in length between 1 and 20 years, with certain leases containing options to extend at the behest of the applicable tenants. Lease revenue is substantially fixed rent. Certain leases include variable lease payments consisting of contracted percentages of revenue, changes in the relevant CPI, and/or other contracted financial metrics. None of our leases grant any right to the tenant to purchase the underlying asset. We recognize lease payments for operating leases as property revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease incentive payments we make to lessees are amortized as a reduction in property revenue over the lease term. The lease term includes all non-cancellable periods contracted for within the lease and excludes any option periods which a tenant may hold. As a result of the impacts of COVID-19, we have provided certain concessions to specific tenants. Where we have provided deferrals of rent, we have recorded the deferrals as receivables, and where we have provided abatements, we have recorded these as variable rents in the consolidated statements of income. Share-based Compensation The determination of the compensation cost for our share-based awards (primarily in the form of stock options or restricted stock units) is made at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and such cost is recognized over the grantee’s requisite service period (which typically equates to our vesting term). Previously recognized compensation cost shall be reversed for any forfeited award to the extent unvested at the time of forfeiture. Refer to Note 17 – Share-based Compensation and Repurchase Plans for further details. Treasury Shares Prior to March 2020, we repurchased our own Class A common shares as part of a publicly announced stock repurchase plan. We account for these repurchases using the cost method and present these as a separate line within the Stockholders’ Equity section in our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 17 – Share-based Compensation and Repurchase Plans for further details of our stock repurchase plan. Insurance Recoveries and Other Contingency Matters (i)Loss contingencies – we record any loss contingencies if there is a “probable” likelihood that the liability had been incurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. (ii)Gain contingencies: Insurance recoveries – in the event we incur a loss attributable to an impairment of an asset or incurrence of a liability that is recoverable, in whole or in part, through an insurance claim, we record an insurance recoverable (not to exceed the amount of the total losses incurred) only when the collectability of such claim is probable. To evaluate the probable collectability of an insurance claim, we consider communications with third parties (such as with our insurance company), in addition to advice from legal counsel. Others – other gain contingencies typically result from legal settlements and we record those settlements in income when cash or other forms of payments are received. Legal costs relating to our litigation matters, whether we are the plaintiff or the defendant, are recorded when incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, we recorded gains/(losses) relating to litigation settlements of $450,000, ($265,000) and $40,000, respectively. Currency Translation Policy The financial statements and transactions of our Australian and New Zealand cinema and real estate operations are recorded in their functional currencies, namely Australian and New Zealand dollars, respectively, and are then translated into U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities of these operations are denominated in their functional currencies and are then translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate for the reporting period. Translation adjustments are reported in “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” a component of Stockholders’ Equity. The carrying values of our Australian and New Zealand assets fluctuate due to changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Australian and New Zealand dollars. Presented in the table below are the currency exchange rates for Australia and New Zealand as of and for the three years ended December 31, 2024:
|  | As of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 |  | As of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 |  | As of and for the year ended December 31, 2022
Spot Rate |  |  |  |  |  |
Australian Dollar |  | 0.6185 |  | 0.6828 |  | 0.6805
New Zealand Dollar |  | 0.5596 |  | 0.6340 |  | 0.6342
Average Rate |  |  |  |  |  |
Australian Dollar |  | 0.6596 |  | 0.6647 |  | 0.6946
New Zealand Dollar |  | 0.6051 |  | 0.6145 |  | 0.6357
Income Taxes We account for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and the respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled and are classified as noncurrent on the balance sheets in accordance with current U.S. GAAP. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense (benefit) is the tax payable (refundable) for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The effect of a change in tax rates or law on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. We recognize tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions and adjust these liabilities when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. We record interest and penalties related to income tax matters as part of income tax expense and record the related liabilities in income tax related balance sheet accounts. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which it is determined a change in recognition or measurement is appropriate. The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) creates a new requirement for U.S. corporations to include in U.S. taxable income certain earnings of their foreign subsidiaries, effective beginning tax year 2018. The Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) framework introduces a new tax on foreign earnings of U.S. based consolidated groups. We record taxes related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred. Earnings (Loss) Per Share The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share amounts. Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is based upon the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the year, which is calculated using the treasury-stock method for equity-based awards. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share in periods for which they have an anti-dilutive effect. Stock options for which the exercise price exceeds the average market price over the period are anti-dilutive and, accordingly, are excluded from the calculation. New Accounting Standards and Accounting Changes Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted: ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures On December 16, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-07: Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU expends the disclosures required by public entities for reportable segments. Adoption of the ASU has had no material effect on our consolidated financial statements from a recognition and measurement perspective, and has not altered our reportable segments, but has enhanced our disclosure of certain expenses and profitability measurement.

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