Investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals	6 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2022
Schedule of Investments [Abstract]
INVESTMENT IN RAFAEL PHARMACEUTICALS	NOTE 3 – INVESTMENT IN RAFAEL PHARMACEUTICALS Equity Investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Impairment of Cost Method Investment Rafael Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage, cancer metabolism-based therapeutics company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. The Company owns equity interests and rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals through a 90%-owned non-operating subsidiary, Pharma Holdings, LLC, or Pharma Holdings. Pharma Holdings owns 50% of CS Pharma Holdings, LLC, or CS Pharma, a non-operating entity that owns equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. Accordingly, the Company holds an effective 45% indirect interest in the assets held by CS Pharma. A trust for the benefit of the children of Howard Jonas (Chairman of the Board and former Chief Executive Officer of the Company and former Chairman of the Board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals) holds a financial instrument (the “Instrument”) that owns 10% of Pharma Holdings. Pharma Holdings holds 44.0 million shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and a warrant to increase the combined ownership of Pharma Holdings and CS Pharma to up to 56% of the fully diluted equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals (the “Warrant”). The Warrant is exercisable at the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments. On March 25, 2020, the Board of Directors of Rafael Pharmaceuticals extended the expiration date of the Warrant held by Pharma Holdings to purchase shares of the Warrant from December 31, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and on August 31, 2020 the Board of Directors of Rafael Pharmaceuticals further extended the expiration date of the Warrant held by Pharma Holdings, LLC to purchase shares of the Warrant to August 15, 2021. In connection with the merger agreement, the Warrant expiration was extended and will now expire on April 1, 2022, however, at this time, the Company does not intend to exercise the Warrant. Pharma Holdings also holds certain governance rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals including appointment of directors. Pharma Holdings is not the primary beneficiary of Rafael Pharmaceuticals as it does not control or direct the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals’ economic performance. CS Pharma holds 16.7 million shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals Series D Convertible Preferred Stock. CS Pharma owned a $10 million Series D Convertible Note, with 3.5% interest, in Rafael Pharmaceuticals which was converted to shares of Series D Preferred Stock in January 2019. The Company and its subsidiaries collectively own securities representing 51% of the outstanding capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals and 41% of the capital stock on a fully diluted basis (excluding the remainder of the Warrant). The Series D Convertible Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1.25 per share (subject to appropriate adjustment to reflect any stock split, combination, reclassification or reorganization of the Series D Preferred Stock or any dilutive issuances, as described below). Holders of Series D Stock are entitled to receive non-cumulative dividends when, as and if declared by the Board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, prior to any dividends to any other class of capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or in the event of any deemed liquidation, proceeds from such liquidation, dissolution or winding up shall be distributed first to the holders of Series D Stock. Except with respect to certain major decisions, or as required by law, holders of Series D Stock vote together with the holders of the other preferred stock and common stock and not as a separate class. The Company serves as the managing member of Pharma Holdings, and Pharma Holdings serves as the managing member of CS Pharma, with broad authority to make all key decisions regarding their respective holdings. Any distributions that are made to CS Pharma from Rafael Pharmaceuticals that are in turn distributed by CS Pharma, will need to be made pro rata to all members, which would entitle Pharma Holdings to 50% (based on current ownership) of such distributions. Similarly, if Pharma Holdings were to distribute proceeds it receives from CS Pharma, it would do so on a pro rata basis, entitling the Company to 90% (based on current ownership) of such distributions. The Company evaluated its investments in Rafael Pharmaceuticals in accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, to establish the appropriate accounting treatment for its investment and has concluded that its investment did not meet the criteria for the equity method of accounting or consolidation and is carried at cost. Rafael Pharmaceuticals is a VIE; however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to direct the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals’ economic performance. In addition, the interests held in Rafael Pharmaceuticals are Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and do not represent in-substance common stock. The Instrument holds a contractual right to receive additional shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals capital stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals (the “Bonus Shares”) upon the achievement of certain milestones. The additional 10% is based on the fully diluted capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, excluding the remainder for the Warrant, at the time of issuance. If any of the milestones are met, the Bonus Shares are to be issued without any additional payment. Pharma Holdings holds the Warrant to purchase a significant stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well as other equity and governance rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. The Company currently owns 51% of the issued and outstanding equity in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. Approximately 8% of the issued and outstanding equity is owned by the Company’s subsidiary CS Pharma and 43% is held by the Company’s subsidiary Pharma Holdings. The Company’s subsidiary Pharma Holdings holds the Warrant, which is non-dilutable and provides for the Company to increase its (via Pharma Holdings and CS Pharma and inclusive of the interests held by the other owners of those entities) total ownership to 56%. Based on the current shares issued and outstanding of Rafael Pharmaceuticals as of July 31, 2021, the Company, and the Company’s affiliates, would need to pay approximately $17 million to exercise the Warrant in full to 56%. On an as-converted fully diluted basis (for all convertible securities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals outstanding), the Company and the Company’s affiliates would need to pay approximately $126 million to exercise the Warrant in full (including to offset the impact of additional issuances of Rafael Pharmaceuticals equity under the Line of Credit, as defined below). The Instrument holds 10% of the interest in Pharma Holdings and would need to contribute 10% of any cash necessary to exercise any portion of the Warrant. Following any exercise, a portion of the Company’s interest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would continue to be held for the benefit of the other equity holders in Pharma Holdings and CS Pharma. Given the Company’s anticipated available cash, the Company would not be able to exercise the Warrant in its entirety and the Company may never be able to exercise the Warrant in full. Rafael Pharmaceuticals may also issue additional equity interests, such as employee stock options, which will require the Company to pay additional cash to maintain the Company’s ownership percentage or exercise the Warrant in full. On January 28, 2021, Pharma Holdings partially exercised the Warrant to maintain the 51% ownership percentage and purchased 7.3 million shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals’ Series D Preferred Stock for $9.1 million, of which $0.9 million was contributed by the holder of a minority interest in Pharma Holdings. Due to the Data Events, during the six months ended January 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $79.1 million related to the cost method investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals representing the total amount of the Company’s cost method investment. The impairment loss was included in “Impairment of cost method investment – Rafael Pharmaceuticals” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the six months ended January 31, 2022. Approximately $17.3 million of the total impairment loss of $79.1 million was applicable to noncontrolling interests in certain of the Company’s subsidiaries and was allocated to the holders of interests in CS Pharma and Pharma Holdings in the approximate amounts of $10.4 million and $6.9 million, respectively. Line of Credit to Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Impairment of Related Receivable On September 24, 2021, the Company entered into a Line of Credit Loan Agreement (the “Line of Credit Agreement”) with Rafael Pharmaceuticals (the “Debtor”) in which the Debtor may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $25 million. The first advance made to the Debtor was in the amount of $1.9 million on September 24, 2021. On October 1, 2021, a second advance was made to the Debtor in the amount of $23.1 million. The line of credit agreement accrues interest at 9% per annum. The maturity date of the Line of Credit Agreement is June 17, 2022. All outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest shall be paid on the maturity date unless earlier prepaid in accordance with the Line of Credit Agreement. Due to the Data Events, during the six months ended January 31, 2022, the Company recorded a full reserve on the amounts due the Company from Rafael Pharmaceuticals related to the Line of Credit Agreement for $25 million. The Company also recorded a loss on related party receivables of approximately $0.6 million and $1.5 million related to other amounts owed by Rafael Pharmaceuticals during the three and six months ended January 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a reserve on related party interest receivable of $0.6 million and $0.8 million in Interest expense, net, on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the three and six months ended January 31, 2022, respectively.

Investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2022

NOTE 3 – INVESTMENT IN RAFAEL PHARMACEUTICALS

Equity Investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Impairment of Cost Method Investment

Rafael Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage, cancer metabolism-based therapeutics company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells.

The Company owns equity interests and rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals through a 90%-owned non-operating subsidiary, Pharma Holdings, LLC, or Pharma Holdings.

Pharma Holdings owns 50% of CS Pharma Holdings, LLC, or CS Pharma, a non-operating entity that owns equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. Accordingly, the Company holds an effective 45% indirect interest in the assets held by CS Pharma.

A trust for the benefit of the children of Howard Jonas (Chairman of the Board and former Chief Executive Officer of the Company and former Chairman of the Board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals) holds a financial instrument (the “Instrument”) that owns 10% of Pharma Holdings.

Pharma Holdings holds 44.0 million shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and a warrant to increase the combined ownership of Pharma Holdings and CS Pharma to up to 56% of the fully diluted equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals (the “Warrant”). The Warrant is exercisable at the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments.

On March 25, 2020, the Board of Directors of Rafael Pharmaceuticals extended the expiration date of the Warrant held by Pharma Holdings to purchase shares of the Warrant from December 31, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and on August 31, 2020 the Board of Directors of Rafael Pharmaceuticals further extended the expiration date of the Warrant held by Pharma Holdings, LLC to purchase shares of the Warrant to August 15, 2021. In connection with the merger agreement, the Warrant expiration was extended and will now expire on April 1, 2022, however, at this time, the Company does not intend to exercise the Warrant.

Pharma Holdings also holds certain governance rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals including appointment of directors. Pharma Holdings is not the primary beneficiary of Rafael Pharmaceuticals as it does not control or direct the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals’ economic performance.

CS Pharma holds 16.7 million shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals Series D Convertible Preferred Stock. CS Pharma owned a $10 million Series D Convertible Note, with 3.5% interest, in Rafael Pharmaceuticals which was converted to shares of Series D Preferred Stock in January 2019.

The Company and its subsidiaries collectively own securities representing 51% of the outstanding capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals and 41% of the capital stock on a fully diluted basis (excluding the remainder of the Warrant).

The Series D Convertible Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1.25 per share (subject to appropriate adjustment to reflect any stock split, combination, reclassification or reorganization of the Series D Preferred Stock or any dilutive issuances, as described below). Holders of Series D Stock are entitled to receive non-cumulative dividends when, as and if declared by the Board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, prior to any dividends to any other class of capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or in the event of any deemed liquidation, proceeds from such liquidation, dissolution or winding up shall be distributed first to the holders of Series D Stock. Except with respect to certain major decisions, or as required by law, holders of Series D Stock vote together with the holders of the other preferred stock and common stock and not as a separate class.

The Company serves as the managing member of Pharma Holdings, and Pharma Holdings serves as the managing member of CS Pharma, with broad authority to make all key decisions regarding their respective holdings. Any distributions that are made to CS Pharma from Rafael Pharmaceuticals that are in turn distributed by CS Pharma, will need to be made pro rata to all members, which would entitle Pharma Holdings to 50% (based on current ownership) of such distributions. Similarly, if Pharma Holdings were to distribute proceeds it receives from CS Pharma, it would do so on a pro rata basis, entitling the Company to 90% (based on current ownership) of such distributions.

The Company evaluated its investments in Rafael Pharmaceuticals in accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, to establish the appropriate accounting treatment for its investment and has concluded that its investment did not meet the criteria for the equity method of accounting or consolidation and is carried at cost.

Rafael Pharmaceuticals is a VIE; however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to direct the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals’ economic performance. In addition, the interests held in Rafael Pharmaceuticals are Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and do not represent in-substance common stock.

The Instrument holds a contractual right to receive additional shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals capital stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals (the “Bonus Shares”) upon the achievement of certain milestones. The additional 10% is based on the fully diluted capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, excluding the remainder for the Warrant, at the time of issuance. If any of the milestones are met, the Bonus Shares are to be issued without any additional payment.

Pharma Holdings holds the Warrant to purchase a significant stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well as other equity and governance rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. The Company currently owns 51% of the issued and outstanding equity in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. Approximately 8% of the issued and outstanding equity is owned by the Company’s subsidiary CS Pharma and 43% is held by the Company’s subsidiary Pharma Holdings. The Company’s subsidiary Pharma Holdings holds the Warrant, which is non-dilutable and provides for the Company to increase its (via Pharma Holdings and CS Pharma and inclusive of the interests held by the other owners of those entities) total ownership to 56%. Based on the current shares issued and outstanding of Rafael Pharmaceuticals as of July 31, 2021, the Company, and the Company’s affiliates, would need to pay approximately $17 million to exercise the Warrant in full to 56%. On an as-converted fully diluted basis (for all convertible securities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals outstanding), the Company and the Company’s affiliates would need to pay approximately $126 million to exercise the Warrant in full (including to offset the impact of additional issuances of Rafael Pharmaceuticals equity under the Line of Credit, as defined below). The Instrument holds 10% of the interest in Pharma Holdings and would need to contribute 10% of any cash necessary to exercise any portion of the Warrant. Following any exercise, a portion of the Company’s interest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would continue to be held for the benefit of the other equity holders in Pharma Holdings and CS Pharma. Given the Company’s anticipated available cash, the Company would not be able to exercise the Warrant in its entirety and the Company may never be able to exercise the Warrant in full. Rafael Pharmaceuticals may also issue additional equity interests, such as employee stock options, which will require the Company to pay additional cash to maintain the Company’s ownership percentage or exercise the Warrant in full.

On January 28, 2021, Pharma Holdings partially exercised the Warrant to maintain the 51% ownership percentage and purchased 7.3 million shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals’ Series D Preferred Stock for $9.1 million, of which $0.9 million was contributed by the holder of a minority interest in Pharma Holdings.

Due to the Data Events, during the six months ended January 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $79.1 million related to the cost method investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals representing the total amount of the Company’s cost method investment. The impairment loss was included in “Impairment of cost method investment – Rafael Pharmaceuticals” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the six months ended January 31, 2022.

Approximately $17.3 million of the total impairment loss of $79.1 million was applicable to noncontrolling interests in certain of the Company’s subsidiaries and was allocated to the holders of interests in CS Pharma and Pharma Holdings in the approximate amounts of $10.4 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Line of Credit to Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Impairment of Related Receivable

On September 24, 2021, the Company entered into a Line of Credit Loan Agreement (the “Line of Credit Agreement”) with Rafael Pharmaceuticals (the “Debtor”) in which the Debtor may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $25 million. The first advance made to the Debtor was in the amount of $1.9 million on September 24, 2021. On October 1, 2021, a second advance was made to the Debtor in the amount of $23.1 million. The line of credit agreement accrues interest at 9% per annum. The maturity date of the Line of Credit Agreement is June 17, 2022. All outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest shall be paid on the maturity date unless earlier prepaid in accordance with the Line of Credit Agreement.

Due to the Data Events, during the six months ended January 31, 2022, the Company recorded a full reserve on the amounts due the Company from Rafael Pharmaceuticals related to the Line of Credit Agreement for $25 million.

The Company also recorded a loss on related party receivables of approximately $0.6 million and $1.5 million related to other amounts owed by Rafael Pharmaceuticals during the three and six months ended January 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a reserve on related party interest receivable of $0.6 million and $0.8 million in Interest expense, net, on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the three and six months ended January 31, 2022, respectively.