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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
2. | Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the financial statement rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and acquired entities since their respective dates of acquisition. All significant inter-company amounts were eliminated in consolidation. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period consolidated balance sheet to conform to current period presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income as previously reported. Upon the adoption of recent accounting standards as further described below the Company made certain reclassifications to the consolidated balance sheets to comply with the standard and made similar reclassifications to conform to the current year presentation. At December 31, 2016, the Company reclassified deferred tax assets of $48,826 against non-current deferred tax liabilities of $447,811. There was no impact on the consolidated statement of operations or earnings per share as a result of adopting this standard. Accounting Standards Update Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard will be effective for the Company’s 2018 fiscal year. The Company evaluated the impact of this new standard and determined that the adoption of this standard will not result in a material impact on its previously reported consolidated balance sheet, statement of operations and statement of cash flows for the comparative period. The Company expects its reported revenue and related revenue recognition policies to remain substantially unchanged. Beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2018, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will reflect the adoption of the standard using the modified retrospective method. Accounting Standards Codification 740 “Income Taxes.” In November 2015, ASU No. 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” was issued. This ASU requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2017 and reclassified $48,826 of current deferred tax assets to non-current deferred tax assets reflected at December 31, 2016. All deferred tax assets are presented as non-current. Accounting Standards Codification 718 “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” In March 2016, ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” was issued. This ASU provides for areas of simplification for several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted this ASU in the three months ended March 31, 2017, and the Company did not recognize any adjustments due to the fact that the Company had a tax-effected full valuation allowance of approximately $9.3 million applied against its U.S. based deferred tax assets, of which approximately $352,200 was applied against unrealized stock option benefits. In the event the Company generates sufficient taxable income to utilize its deferred tax assets the Company may be required to recognize up to $352,200 in deferred tax assets relating to unrealized stock option benefits. The Company estimates forfeiture rates and adjusts such rates when appropriate. Accounting Standards Codification 230 “Statement of Cash Flows.” In August 2016, ASU No. 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” was issued. This ASU provides guidance on eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for those issues. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company early adopted this ASU during the year ended December 31, 2017. The adoption of this accounting standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows presented herein. Accounting Standards under Evaluation In February 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on leases. The guidance, which is effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, requires virtually all leases to be recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company currently anticipates adopting the standard effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach, which requires recording existing operating leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheets upon adoption and in the comparative period. The Company has two leasing agreements in its current portfolio of leases that could have a material impact on reported assets and liabilities and presentation of cash flows. Accounting Standards Codification 350 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.” In January 2017, ASU No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” was issued. Under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU also eliminated the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity should apply this ASU on a prospective basis and for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is continuing to evaluate the effect this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Foreign Currency Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based upon exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. The resulting translation adjustments, along with any related tax effects, are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, a component of stockholders’ equity. Translation adjustments are reclassified to earnings upon the sale or substantial liquidation of investments in foreign operations. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average month-end exchange rates during the year. Gains and losses related to transactions in a currency other than the functional currency, including operations outside the U.S. where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are reported net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, depending on the nature of the activity. See Note 18 for additional information. Segment Reporting Segments are defined by authoritative guidance as components of a company in which separate discrete financial information is available and is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker (CODM), or a decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our CODM is our chief executive officer. Our customers and the industry view our market as a singular business and demand an integrated and scalable suite of information technology-based enterprise-wide solutions. Services comprising the Company’s information technology service offerings have similar client service approaches, delivery costs and operational risks and are led by a project manager and a cross-functional service delivery team comprised of employees across all subsidiaries to deliver the Company’s products and services to its customers. The Company presents a single segment for purposes of financial reporting and prepared its consolidated financial statements upon that basis. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant areas requiring use of estimates and judgment relate to revenue recognition, accounts receivable valuation reserves, ability to realize intangible assets and goodwill, ability to realize deferred income tax assets, fair value of certain financial instruments and the evaluation of contingencies and litigation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, based on the Company’s principal or, in the absence of a principal, most advantageous market for the specific asset or liability. GAAP provides for a three-level hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, defined as follows: Level 1 - Inputs that are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access. Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, including:
| § | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets
| § | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active
| § | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
| § | Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means
Level 3 - Inputs that are unobservable and reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances (e.g., internally derived assumptions surrounding the timing and amount of expected cash flows). The Company measured the fair value of contingent seller financed promissory notes presented on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis using significantly unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. See Note 4 for additional information regarding financial liabilities carried at fair value. The Company monitors the market conditions and evaluates the fair value hierarchy levels at least quarterly. For any transfers in and out of the levels of the fair value hierarchy, the Company elects to disclose the fair value measurement at the beginning of the reporting period during which the transfer occurred. See Note 4 for financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements. Going Concern Evaluation The Company has performed an annual assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern as required under ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (“ASU No. 2014-15”) and concluded no additional disclosures are required. Financial Instruments Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company maintains interest-bearing cash deposits and short-term overnight investments with large financial institutions. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of these consolidated financial statements. Interest-bearing cash deposits maintained by financial institutions in the United States of America are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to a maximum of $250,000. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had deposits in excess of FDIC limits of approximately $3,786,300 and $7,488,900, respectively. The Company also maintains deposits with a financial institution in Ireland that are insured by the Central Bank of Ireland up to a maximum of €100,000 per financial institution. The Company also maintains deposits with a financial institution in the United Kingdom that are insured by Financial Services Compensation Scheme up to a maximum of £75,000 per financial institution. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had foreign bank deposits in excess of insured limits of approximately $956,500 and $889,800, respectively. Allowances for Doubtful Accounts The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering a number of factors, including the type of customer, credit worthiness, payment history, length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligation to the Company, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Customer account balances outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are reviewed for collectability and after 90 days are considered past due unless arrangements were made at the time of the transaction that specified different payment terms. Upon specific review and its determination that a bad debt reserve may be required, the Company will reserve such amount if it views the account as potentially uncollectable. Customer account balances outstanding longer than 120 days that have not been settled in accordance with contract terms and for which no firm payment commitments exist are placed with a third party collection agency and a reserve is established. The Company writes off accounts receivable after 180 days or earlier when they become uncollectible. Payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. If the accounts receivable has been written off and no allowance for doubtful accounts exist subsequent payments received are credited to bad debt expense as a recovery. Inventories Inventories consist of mobile devices and accessories and cybersecurity hardware components that will be used in custom identity management technology solutions and certain software licenses available for resale. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, using first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value. The Company may record a write-down for inventories which have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value. If future demand or market conditions for our products are less favorable than forecasted or if unforeseen technological changes negatively impact the utility of inventory, we may be required to record additional write-downs, which would adversely affect our gross profit. For the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no inventory write-downs. For the year ended December 31, 2016, there were no inventory write-downs. Property and Equipment Property and equipment (including assets acquired under capital lease arrangements) are stated at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives based upon the classification of the property and/or equipment or lease period for assets acquired under capital lease arrangements. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
|  | Estimated
|  | Useful Life
Computer hardware and software |  | 3-5 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5 years
Mobile equipment |  | 3 years
The Company assesses the recoverability of property and equipment by determining whether the depreciation of property and equipment over its remaining life can be recovered through projected undiscounted future cash flows. The amount of property and equipment impairment if any, is measured based on fair value and is charged to operations in the period in which property and equipment impairment is determined by management. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s management has not identified any material impairment of its property and equipment. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company accounts for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC Topic 350 “Intangibles”. Under ASC Topic 350, goodwill and certain indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are subject to an annual impairment test, and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually as of December 31st and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test or bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting period and proceed to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. Goodwill impairment testing involves management judgment, requiring an assessment of whether the carrying value of the reporting unit can be supported by its fair value using widely accepted valuation techniques. The quantitative goodwill impairment test utilizes a two-step approach. The first step identifies whether there is potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the second step of the impairment test is required to measure the amount of any impairment loss. The Company uses a combination of the income approach (discounted cash flow method) and market approach (market multiples). When preparing discounted cash flow models under the income approach, the Company uses internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows expected to be generated by the reporting units. Our internal forecasts are developed using observable (Level 2) and unobservable (Level 3) inputs. Actual results may differ from forecasted results. When preparing the market approach the Company may adjust market multiples to reflect the Company’s risk profile and other factors deemed appropriate to properly apply the market approach. The Company uses the expected weighted average cost of capital, estimated using a capital asset pricing model, to discount future cash flows for each reporting unit. Our cost of equity estimate is developed using a combination of observable (Level 2) and unobservable (Level 3) inputs with appropriate adjustments that take into consideration our risk profile and other factors deemed appropriate. The Company believes the discount rates used appropriately reflect the risks and uncertainties in the financial markets generally and specifically in the Company’s internally developed forecasts. Further, to assess the reasonableness of the valuations derived from the discounted cash flow models, the Company also analyzes market-based multiples for similar industries of the reporting unit, where available. Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue Recognition We generate revenues by providing services over a period of time. The majority of our revenue transactions are performed and completed on a monthly basis without any significant undelivered services. Our customer contracts contain standard business terms and conditions that include the period of performance, the contract service obligations, the transaction price for each service and how we expect to be paid for our services. As a result, we separately review new contracts with customers and modifications to existing contracts to evaluate (1) whether an arrangement exists; (2) how the arrangement consideration should be allocated among the deliverables; (3) when to recognize revenue on the deliverables; and (4) whether all elements of the arrangement have been delivered. Our revenue recognition policy also requires an assessment as to whether collection is reasonably assured, which requires us to evaluate the creditworthiness of our customers. The Company earns revenues from services as described below: Telecom Lifecycle Services. The Company earns revenues from its managed services under firm fixed price contracts that include multiple deliverables. Revenue is accrued each month services are delivered and the amount accrued is based on what the Company expects will be ultimately invoiced. Differences between estimated revenues and actual billed revenues are adjusted in the period billings are prepared and such differences have not historically been material. Revenue and billings the end customer is determined by multiplying the contractual fixed price times the base output which may be based on the number of units managed, percentage of supplier spend and/or savings, units delivered, certificates issued and/or billable hours. Revenue on contingent-fee arrangements are recognized upon customer acceptance of proposed billing. Managed services are not interdependent and there are no undelivered elements in these arrangements. Identity Management: The Company issues its proprietary PKI identity credentialing software certificates to individuals or as an enterprise solution under which the customer issues the individual certificates. Certificates issued have a fixed life and cannot be modified or reissued. For any certificate products that we issue to individuals there are nominal post contract services to maintain issued certificate keys and infrastructure required to enable the credential to operate for the fixed term. For any certificates sold that are issued by an enterprise customer and/or Revenue is recognized from the sales of credentials to an individual or as an enterprise solution upon issuance; provided there are no other additional deliverables. Revenue from this services does not require significant accounting estimates. Cost of Revenues includes general infrastructure support costs to maintain the continued issuance of credentials. This service is broadly classified as a managed service. Telecom Bill Presentation and Analytics: The Company offers software under a perpetual and term license. Revenue from software licenses which are sold as a perpetual license and which do not involve the significant production, modification or customization of the software are recognized when the software is delivered. Where an arrangement to deliver software involves significant production, modification or customization, the software revenue is not recognized until such time as the software has been accepted by the client. Revenue from software licenses which are sold as term licenses, which do not involve the significant production, modification or customization of the software are recognized evenly over the license term once the software has been delivered. Where an arrangement to deliver software involves significant production, modification or customization, software sold as a term license is recognized ratably over the license term from the date the software is accepted by the client. Implementation fees are recognized over the term of the agreement once the software has been delivered. Maintenance services, if contracted, are recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement, generally twelve months. Revenue from this services does not require significant accounting estimates. Multiple Element Arrangements The Company enters into arrangements with multiple elements. In order to treat multiple element arrangements as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have stand-alone value upon delivery. If the deliverables have stand-alone value upon delivery, the Company accounts for each deliverable separately. The transaction price is allocated to the identified separate units based on the standalone selling price for that service solution and we reduce the transaction price for any discounts given to that customer. Contract Prepayments Contract prepayments arise when customers pay for services in before our contractual obligation to perform the service is completed. Certain federal and state governments and their agencies may prepay for services and/or reselling transactions in advance. These advance payments are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as services are performed and/or devices delivered. Amounts recorded as deferred revenue are released as the monthly services are completed. Product Development Product development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other employee related expenses associated with product development. Product development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, subject matter experts, localization costs incurred to translate software for international markets, and the amortization of purchased software code and services content. Costs related to product development are expensed until the point that technological feasibility is reached, which for our software products, is generally shortly before the products are commercially available for release. Once technological feasibility is reached, such costs are not normally material. To the extent costs are significant such costs are capitalized and amortized to cost of revenue over the estimated lives of the solution. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred product development costs of approximately $219,100 and $699,000, respectively. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about capitalization of product development costs. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with authoritative guidance which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be computed based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. The guidance requires that the net deferred tax asset be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized. Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. Under existing income tax accounting standards such objective evidence is more heavily weighted in comparison to other subjective evidence such as our projections for future growth, tax planning and other tax strategies. The Company recognizes the impact of an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken on an income tax return in the financial statements at the amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized in the financial statements unless it is more likely than not of being sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) Basic EPS includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS includes the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common and restricted stock were exercised or converted into common and restricted stock. The number of incremental shares from assumed conversions of stock options and unvested restricted stock awards included in the calculation of diluted EPS was calculated using the treasury stock method. See Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements for computation of EPS. Employee Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements under provisions of ASC 718-10. The Company recognizes the cost of employee stock awards granted in exchange for employee services based on the grant-date fair value of the award using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, net of expected forfeitures. Those costs are recognized ratably over the vesting period. Each stock option has an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and a contractual term ranging from 3 to 10 years. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about stock based compensation programs. Non-Employee Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based non-employee compensation arrangements using the fair value recognition provisions of ASC 505-50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees” (formerly known as FASB Statement 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation and “Emerging Issues Task Force” EITF 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services).

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