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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Significant Accounting Policies |
Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the financial statement rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and acquired entities since their respective dates of acquisition. All significant inter-company amounts were eliminated in consolidation. Government Subsidies On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which among other things, provides employer payroll tax credits for qualified wages and options to defer payroll tax payments for a limited period. The Company records government subsidies as offsets to the related operating expenses. During the year ended 12/31/22, the Company collected $1.6M payroll tax credits that were earned and recognized prior to fiscal year 2022. Accounting Standards Update Accounting Standards under Evaluation In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (“Topic 326”). Topic 326 amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available for sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. This ASU update affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The Company adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-03 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the new standard. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, requiring enhancements and further transparency to certain income tax disclosures, most notably the tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis and retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the new standard. Foreign Currency Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based upon exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. The resulting translation adjustments, along with any related tax effects, are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of stockholders’ equity. Translation adjustments are reclassified to earnings upon the sale or substantial liquidation of investments in foreign operations. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average month-end exchange rates during the year. Gains and losses related to transactions in a currency other than the functional currency, including operations outside the U.S. where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are reported net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, depending on the nature of the activity. See Note 17 for additional information. Segment Reporting Segments are defined by authoritative guidance as components of a company in which separate financial information is available and is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker (CODM), or a decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in evaluating financial performance. The Company’s CODM is its chief executive officer. The Company’s customers view our market as a singular business and demand an integrated and scalable suite of enterprise-wide solutions. The Company’s TMaaS offerings are substantially managed service driven solutions that use our proprietary technology platform to deliver our services. The amount of labor required to perform our contract obligations may vary significantly contract to contract depending on the customer’s specific requirements; however, the way in which we perform these services is consistent across the company and requires a connected group of internal subject matter experts and support personnel. In order to evaluate a managed service business model the Company’s CODM measures financial performance and allocates resources based on the overall consolidated results of managed and carrier services and related margins. These consolidated financial metrics provide a stronger indication of how the Company is managing its key customer relationships and assesses overall profitability. As a result, the Company comprises of one operating segment and presents single reporting segment for purposes of financial reporting and prepared its consolidated financial statements upon that basis. Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical accounting estimates include the Company’s valuation of goodwill impairment. To estimate the fair value of its reporting unit, the Company projects future cash flows using management’s assumptions for revenue growth rate, operating margins, and a discount rate. These estimates can significantly affect the outcome of the Company’s impairment assessment. Other areas requiring use of estimates and judgment relate to revenue recognition, accounts receivable valuation reserves, ability to realize intangible assets, ability to realize deferred income tax assets, contingent consideration, fair value of certain financial instruments and the evaluation of contingencies and litigation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, based on the Company’s principal or, in the absence of a principal, most advantageous market for the specific asset or liability. GAAP provides for a three-level hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, defined as follows: Level 1 - Inputs that are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access. Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, including:
| ■ | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets
| ■ | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active
| ■ | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
| ■ | Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means
Level 3 - Inputs that are unobservable and reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances (e.g., internally derived assumptions surrounding the timing and amount of expected cash flows). The Company measured the fair value of contingent consideration using unobservable inputs (level 3). The Company monitors the market conditions and evaluates the fair value hierarchy levels at least quarterly. For any transfers in and out of the levels of the fair value hierarchy, the Company elects to disclose the fair value measurement at the beginning of the reporting period during which the transfer occurred. Note 3 for changes in fair value of liabilities recorded in connection with certain liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Financial Instruments Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company maintains interest-bearing cash deposits and short-term overnight investments with large financial institutions. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of these consolidated financial statements. Interest-bearing cash deposits maintained by financial institutions in the United States of America are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to a maximum of $250,000. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had deposits in excess of FDIC limits of approximately $5.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. The Company also maintains deposits with a financial institution in Ireland that are insured by the Central Bank of Ireland up to a maximum of €100,000 per financial institution. The Company also maintains deposits with a financial institution in the United Kingdom that are insured by Financial Services Compensation Scheme up to a maximum of £75,000 per financial institution. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had foreign bank deposits in excess of insured limits of approximately $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Allowances for Credit Losses The Company determines its allowance for credit allowances by considering a number of factors, including the type of customer, credit worthiness, payment history, length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligation to the Company, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are deemed to be uncollectible, having exhausted all collection efforts. Inventories Inventories consist of mobile devices and accessories and identity credential hardware components. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, using first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value. The Company may record a write-down for inventories which have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value. If future demand or market conditions for our products are less favorable than forecasted or if unforeseen technological changes negatively impact the utility of inventory, we may be required to record additional write-downs, which would adversely affect our gross profit. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no inventory write-downs. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives based upon the classification of the property and/or equipment or lease period for assets acquired under lease arrangements. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
|  |  | Estimated
|  |  | Useful Life
Computer hardware and software |  |  | 3-5 years
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 5 years
Mobile equipment |  |  | 3 years
The Company assesses the recoverability of property and equipment by determining whether the depreciation of property and equipment over its remaining life can be recovered through projected undiscounted future cash flows. The amount of property and equipment impairment if any, is measured based on fair value and is charged to operations in the period in which property and equipment impairment is determined by management. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s management has not identified any material impairment of its property and equipment. Leases The Company has leases for corporate offices that are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases (Topic 842). The leases have remaining lease terms ranging from one year to eighteen years. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company considers any contract where there is an identified asset and that it has the right to control the use of such asset in determining whether the contract contains a lease. A right-of-use (“ROU”) asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available on the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease ROU assets include any lease payments made prior to the rent commencement date. Lease expense for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company accounts for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles (Topic 350). Under ASC Topic 350, goodwill and certain indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are subject to an annual impairment test as of December 31, and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company has a single reporting unit and all goodwill relates to that reporting unit. The Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $16.3 million during 2022 following goodwill impairment testing performed as a result of sustained decreases in our publicly quoted share price and market capitalization. There was no goodwill impairment during 2023. Impairment of long-lived assets The Company reviews long-lived assets such as property and equipment, right of use assets, and intangible assets with finite useful lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable by comparing the net book value of the asset group to their estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from their use and eventual disposition. Impaired assets are recorded at estimated fair value, determined principally by using the present value of estimated future cash flows expected from their use and eventual disposition. Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company reports products and services under the categories managed services and carrier services as described below: Carrier Services. The Company bills for costs incurred to deliver phone, data and satellite and related mobile services for a connected device or end point. These services require us to procure, process and pay communications carrier invoices. We recognize revenues and related costs on a gross basis for such arrangements whenever we control the products and services before they are transferred to the customer. We are the principal in these transactions when we are seen as the primary creditor, we directly issue purchase orders directly to communications carriers for wireline and wireless services, and/or we have discretion in choosing optimal providers and rate plans. For arrangements in which we do not control the product or service, do not have economic risk, and do not have pricing or vendor discretion we recognize revenues and related costs on a net basis. A significant portion of our overall reported revenue is tied to this service component; however, it represents an insignificant portion of our overall reported gross profit. This is a commodity type service and margins are nominal, but this is a necessary service to deliver to federal government customers that engage us to provide a full-service solution. The Company does not assume the credit risk when providing these services for commercial customers due to the increased credit risk involved. Managed Services. The Company delivers managed services under a full-service, quasi full-service or self-service solution to suit our customers’ needs. A significant portion of our reported gross profit is tied to this service component. Revenue is accrued based on what the Company expects will be ultimately invoiced. Differences between accrued revenues and actual billed revenues are adjusted in the period that billings are prepared and such differences have not historically been material. Managed services are not interdependent and there are no undelivered performance obligations in these arrangements. The Company aggregates its billable revenue under the following groupings:
| · | Managed Service Fees: The Company delivers managed services under firm fixed price contracts that may include multiple performance obligations.
| o | Revenue for fixed price services are generally completed and billed in the same accounting period and we charge a fixed fee for each performance obligation which may be tied to the number of units managed, percentage of supplier spend and/or savings, units delivered, certificates issued by the Company, certificate validation services installed in a customer’s environment, accessories sold and billable hours. Revenue from this service requires accounting estimates due to delays between completion of the service and the normal billing cycle.
| o | Revenue for fixed price software sold as a term license is recognized ratably over the license term from the date the software is accepted by the customer. Maintenance services, if contracted, are recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement, generally twelve months. Revenue for fixed price software licenses that are sold as a perpetual license with no significant customization are recognized when the software is delivered. Implementation fees are recognized when the work is completed. Revenue from this service does not require significant accounting estimates.
| o | Revenue is recognized from the sales of identity credentials to an individual or organization upon issuance less a portion deferred for monthly credential validation support services. In the case of bulk sales or credential management system revenue is recognized upon issue or availability to the customer for issuance. There is generally no significant performance obligation to provide post contract services in relation to identity consoles delivered. Identity certificates issued have a fixed life and cannot be modified once issued.
| · | Billable Service Fees. The Company delivers subject matter expertise either offsite or onsite for certain customers at a fixed hourly rate or fixed monthly fee. Billable services are generally completed and billed in the same accounting period and charge a fixed fee based on actual hours worked and actual costs incurred. Revenue is accrued based on what the Company expects will be ultimately invoiced. Differences between accrued revenues and actual billed revenues are adjusted in the period that billings are prepared and such differences have not historically been material
| · | Reselling and Other Service Fees. The Company delivers third party products and services to satisfy customer contractual obligations. The Company recognizes revenues and related costs on a gross basis for such arrangements whenever we control the products and services before they are transferred to the customer. The Company is the principal in these transactions as we are seen as the primary creditor, carries inventory risk for undelivered products and services, and directly issues purchase orders third party suppliers, and has discretion in sourcing among many different suppliers. For those transactions in which we procure and deliver products and services for our customers on their own account, the Company does not control the product or service, does not have economic risk, and does not have pricing or vendor discretion and therefore does not recognize revenues and related costs on a gross basis for these arrangements. The Company only recognizes revenues earned for arranging the transaction and any related costs.
Software Development Costs The Company applies the principles of FASB ASC 350-40, Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use (“ASC 350-40”). ASC 350-40 requires that internal use software development costs incurred before the preliminary project stage be expensed as incurred. We capitalize development costs related to these software applications once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The Company also applies the principles of FASB ASC 985-20, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed (“ASC 985-20”). ASC 985-20 requires that software development costs incurred in conjunction with development of computer software to be sold to be charged to research and development expense until technological feasibility is established. Thereafter, until the product is released for sale, development costs of computer software to be sold are capitalized and reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of the related product. Product Development Product development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other employee related expenses associated with product development. Product development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, subject matter experts, localization costs incurred to translate software for international markets, and the amortization of purchased software code and services content. Costs related to product development are expensed until the point that preliminary project stage is complete or technological feasibility is reached. Costs incurred during the implementation of product development and enhancements are capitalized and amortized to cost of revenue over the estimated lives of the solution. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred product development costs associated with TMaaS platform application, Secure Identity Management Solutions, Unified Communications Analytics (UCAS) solution, and data center of approximately $0.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which were capitalized. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about capitalization of product development costs. Judgments and Estimates The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer under a fixed rate or fixed fee arrangement. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require judgment. Components of our managed service solution are generally distinct performance obligations that are not interdependent and can be completed within a month. The Company’s products are generally sold with a right of return. Historically the returns have been immaterial and recognized in the period which the products are returned. While historically immaterial as well, the Company may provide other event driven credits or disincentives for not meeting performance obligations which are accounted for as variable consideration and recognized in the period which the event occurs. Contract Balances A significant portion of contract balances represent revenues earned on federal government contracts. Timing of revenue recognition may differ materially from the timing of invoicing to customers due a long-standing practice of issuing a consolidated managed service invoice. A consolidated invoice usually requires data such as billable hours, units managed, credentials issued, accessories sold and usage data from telecommunications providers and other suppliers. As a result it could take between thirty (30) to sixty (60) days after all performance obligations have been met to deliver a complete customer invoice. As a result, the Company may have both accounts receivables (invoiced revenue) and unbilled receivables (revenue recognize but not yet invoiced) that could represent one or more months of revenue. Additionally, the Company may be required under contractual terms to bill for services in advance and deferred recognition of revenue until all performance obligations have been met. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within thirty (30) to ninety (90) days. Payment terms and conditions for government and commercial customers are described below:
| · | Government contract billings are generally due within thirty (30) days of the invoice date. Government accounts receivable payments could be delayed due to administrative processing delays by the government agency, continuing budget resolutions that may delay availability of contract funding, and/or administrative only invoice correction requests by contracting officers that may delay payment processing by our government customer.
| · | Commercial contracts are billed based on the underlying contract terms and conditions which generally have repayment terms that range from thirty (30) to ninety (90) days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component.
The primary purpose of our invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing our products and services, not to receive financing from our customers. The Company assesses its ability to collect outstanding receivables and contract assets and provides customer-specific allowances for credit losses and general allowances for the portion of receivables and contract assets that are estimated to be uncollectible. Allowances for credit losses are based on historical collection experience and expected credit losses, customer specific financial condition, current economic trends in the customer's industry and geographic region, changes in customer demand and the overall economic climate in the market the Company serves. Customer accounts receivable balances that remain uncollected for more than 45 days are further reviewed for collectability and are considered past due after 90 days unless different contractual repayment terms were extended under a contract with a customer. The Company will reserve such amounts estimated to be uncollectable. Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer The Company does not recognize assets from the costs to obtain a contract with a customer and generally expenses these costs as incurred. The Company primarily uses internal labor to manage and oversee the customer acquisition process and to finalize contract terms and conditions and commence customer start-up activities, if any. Internal labor costs would be incurred regardless of the outcome of a contract with a customer and as such those costs are not considered incremental to the cost to obtain a contract with a customer. The Company does not typically incur significant incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer which may include payment of commissions to certain internal and/or external sales agents upon collection of invoiced sales from the customer. The Company does not typically prepay sales commissions in advance of being paid for services delivered. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with authoritative guidance which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be computed based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. The guidance requires that the net deferred tax asset be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized. Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. Under existing income tax accounting standards such objective evidence is more heavily weighted in comparison to other subjective evidence such as our projections for future growth, tax planning and other tax strategies. The Company recognizes the impact of an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken on an income tax return in the financial statements at the amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized in the financial statements unless it is more likely than not of being sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) Basic EPS includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS includes the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common and restricted stock were exercised or converted into common and restricted stock. The number of incremental shares from assumed conversions of stock options and unvested restricted stock awards included in the calculation of diluted EPS was calculated using the treasury stock method. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for computation of EPS. Employee Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements under provisions of ASC 718-10. The Company recognizes the cost of employee stock awards granted in exchange for employee services based on the grant-date fair value of the award using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, net of expected forfeitures. Those costs are recognized ratably over the vesting period. Each stock option has an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and a contractual term ranging from 3 to 10 years. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about stock-based compensation programs.

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