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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities, net
The components of the Company's net deferred tax assets at December 31 are as follows:
20182017
Deferred Tax Assets
Net operating loss and tax credits$16,410,403 $15,295,547 
Property and equipment and intangibles236,318 232,667 
Allowance for accounts receivable251,068 129,180 
Reserve for expired product558,484 538,141 
Inventory193,150 173,885 
Deferred charges910,577 624,367 
Cumulative compensation costs incurred on deductible equity awards884,049 793,206 
Total deferred tax assets19,444,049 17,786,993 
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Intangible assets(1,974,787)(2,067,548)
Net deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance17,469,262 15,719,445 
Less: deferred tax asset valuation allowance(17,382,052)(15,632,235)
Net deferred tax assets$87,210 $87,210 
Schedule of federal and state net operating loss carryforwards
The following table summarizes the amount and year of expiration of the Company's federal and state net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2018:
Years of expirationFederalState
2019$— $238,047 
2020 - 2028— 38,886,662 
202944,153,819 10,508,184 
2030 - 20377,534,351 9,617,093 
Indefinite Period3,918,317 137,040 
Total federal and state net operating loss carryforwards$55,606,487 $59,387,026 
Schedule of the components of income tax benefit (expense)
Income tax (expense) benefit includes the following components for the years ended December 31:
201820172016
Current:
Federal$— $— $867,041 
State and other(16,636)(59,243)83,463 
Total current income tax (expense) benefit(16,636)(59,243)950,504 
Deferred:
Federal— (3,682,772)(537,965)
State— (432,874)(81,615)
Total deferred income tax (expense) benefit— (4,115,646)(619,580)
Total income tax (expense) benefit $(16,636)$(4,174,889)$330,924 
Schedule of effective tax rate reconciliation
The Company’s effective income tax rate for 2018, 2017 and 2016 reconciles with the federal statutory tax rate as follows: 
201820172016
Federal tax expense at statutory rate21 %34 %34 %
State income tax expense (net of federal income tax benefit)%%%
Permanent differences associated with general business credits%%%
Change in valuation allowance(25)%(148)%(15)%
Change in tax rate— %%— %
Other permanent differences(1)%%(2)%
Other— %(2)%(1)%
Net income tax expense%(108)%25 %