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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The components of the Company's net deferred tax assets at December 31 are as follows:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred Tax Assets |  |  |  |
Net operating loss and tax credits |  | $ | 16,961,650 |  |  | $ | 16,964,685 |
Property and equipment and intangibles |  | 227,056 |  |  | 227,072 |
Allowance for accounts receivable |  | 249,483 |  |  | 257,564 |
Reserve for expired product |  | 438,235 |  |  | 469,466 |
Inventory |  | 100,362 |  |  | 35,227 |
Deferred charges |  | 952,711 |  |  | 845,765 |
Cumulative compensation costs incurred on deductible equity awards |  | 928,638 |  |  | 1,047,149 |
Total deferred tax assets |  | 19,858,135 |  |  | 19,846,928 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  | (662,014) |  |  | (1,313,965) |
Net deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance |  | 19,196,121 |  |  | 18,532,963 |
Less: deferred tax asset valuation allowance |  | (19,196,121) |  |  | (18,511,161) |
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,802 |
The following table summarizes the amount and year of expiration of the Company's federal and state net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2020:
Years of expiration |  | Federal |  | State
2021 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,342,464 |
2022 - 2029 |  | — |  |  | 45,045,442 |
2030 |  | 44,153,819 |  |  | 458,802 |
2031 - 2039 |  | 7,534,351 |  |  | 9,829,212 |
Indefinite Period |  | 4,796,324 |  |  | 263,861 |
Total federal and state net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 56,484,494 |  |  | $ | 59,939,781 |
Income tax (expense) benefit includes the following components for the years ended December 31:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 21,802 |  |  | $ | 65,408 |  |  | $ | — |
State and other |  | (55,902) |  |  | 79,316 |  |  | (16,636) |
Total current income tax (expense) benefit |  | (34,100) |  |  | 144,724 |  |  | (16,636) |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | (21,802) |  |  | (65,408) |  |  | — |
State |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total deferred income tax (expense) benefit |  | (21,802) |  |  | (65,408) |  |  | — |
Total income tax (expense) benefit |  | $ | (55,902) |  |  | $ | 79,316 |  |  | $ | (16,636) |
The Company’s effective income tax rate for 2020, 2019 and 2018 reconciles with the federal statutory tax rate as follows:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Federal tax expense at statutory rate |  | 21 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 21 | %
State income tax expense (net of federal income tax benefit) |  | 4 | % |  | 4 | % |  | 4 | %
Permanent differences associated with general business credits |  | 6 | % |  | 7 | % |  | 1 | %
Change in valuation allowance |  | (23) | % |  | (31) | % |  | (25) | %
Other permanent differences |  | (7) | % |  | 1 | % |  | (1) | %
Other |  | (3) | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Net income tax expense |  | (2) | % |  | 2 | % |  | — | %
The Company believes that it is not more likely than not that its net deferred tax assets will be realized. As such, the net deferred tax assets, with the exception of one noted below, are fully offset with a valuation allowance as of the periods ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018. The only deferred tax asset not offset with a valuation allowance as of the periods ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was the Company’s AMT Credit Carryforward, which became refundable under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act passed in 2017. The Company received the balance of the refund related to this credit during the period ended December 31, 2020, and as such, the deferred tax asset has been realized and all remaining deferred tax assets are fully offset with a valuation allowance as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has general business credit carryforwards of $1.7 million. These credit carryforwards will expire in years 2021 through 2041.
Years of expiration |  | Federal
2021 |  | $ | 173,475 |
2022-2029 |  | 622,276 |
2030-2039 |  | 836,129 |
2040 |  | 97,244 |
Total federal and state credit carryforwards |  | $ | 1,729,124 |
The Company expects it will continue to pay minimal taxes in future periods through the continued utilization of net operating loss carryforwards, as it is able to achieve taxable income through its operations. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for tax years before 2017, and with few exceptions, the Company is not subject to examination by state tax authorities for tax years which ended before 2017. Loss carryforwards and credit carryforwards generated or utilized in years earlier than 2017 remain subject to examination and adjustment. During 2012, the 2009 federal tax return was examined by the Internal Revenue Service with no significant findings or adjustments. The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits in 2020, 2019 and 2018.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 + Details
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