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Note 1 - Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
(
1
)
         Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
 
Consolidation Policy
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sypris Solutions, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Sypris” or the “Company”) and have been prepared by the Company in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company’s operations are domiciled in the United States (U.S.) and Mexico and serve a wide variety of domestic and international customers. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Nature of Business
 
Sypris is a diversified provider of truck components, oil and gas pipeline components and aerospace and defense electronics. The Company produces a wide range of manufactured products, often under multi-year, sole-source contracts with corporations and government agencies. The Company offers such products through its
two
business segments, Sypris Technologies, Inc. (“Sypris Technologies”) and Sypris Electronics, LLC (“Sypris Electronics”). Sypris Technologies derives its revenue primarily from the sale of forged, machined, welded and heat-treated steel components primarily for the heavy commercial vehicle and high-pressure energy pipeline applications. Sypris Electronics derives its revenue primarily from circuit card and box build manufacturing, high reliability manufacturing and systems assembly and integration. Most products are built to the customer’s design specifications. The Company also provides engineering design services and repair or inspection services. Additionally, prior to
August 16, 2016,
Sypris Electronics provided certain cybersecurity-related services and data storage products (the “CSS business”) (see Note
4
). See Note
22
for additional information regarding our segments.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Changes in facts and circumstances could have a significant impact on the resulting estimated amounts included in our consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
Fair Value Estimates
 
The Company estimates fair value of its financial instruments utilizing an established
three
-level hierarchy. The hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date as follows: Level
1
– Valuation is based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level
2
– Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. Level
3
– Valuation is based upon other unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurements.
 
Cash Equivalents
and Restricted Cash
 
Cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with a maturity of
three
months or less when purchased. Restricted cash includes money held in escrow pursuant to the sale of the CSS business in connection with certain customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnifications of the Company.
 
Inventory
 
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Costs for raw materials, work in process and finished goods is determined under the
first
-in,
first
-out method. Indirect inventories, which include perishable tooling, repair parts and other materials consumed in the
manufacturing process but
not
incorporated into finished products are classified as raw materials.
 
The Company’s reserve for excess and obsolete inventory is primarily based upon forecasted demand for its product sales, and any change to the reserve arising from forecast revisions is reflected in cost of sales in the period the revision is made.
 
Property, Plant and Equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is generally computed using the straight-line method over their estimated economic lives. For land improvements, buildings and building improvements, the estimated economic life is generally
40
years. Estimated economic lives range from
three
to
fifteen
years for machinery, equipment, furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their economic life or the respective lease term using the straight-line method. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and renewals of minor items are expensed as incurred. Major rebuilds and improvements are capitalized. Also included in plant and equipment are assets under capital lease, which are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments.
 
Long-lived Assets
 
The Company reviews the carrying value of amortizable long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may
not
be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held for sale and held for use is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or groups of assets, as applicable, is impaired, the long-lived asset or groups of long-lived assets are written down to their estimated fair value.
 
Held for sale
 
We classify long-lived assets or disposal groups as held for sale in the period: management commits to a plan to sell; the long-lived asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such long-lived assets or disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated; the sale is probable within
one
year; the asset or disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Long-lived assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
 
Software Development Costs
 
Software development costs
for Sypris Electronics were expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time those costs were capitalized as intangible assets until the software was implemented into products sold to customers. Capitalized software development costs were amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which was
eighteen
months. Costs incurred to enhance existing software or after the implementation of the software into a product were expensed in the period incurred and included in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. All capitalized software development costs were included in the sale of the CSS business in
2016
(see Note
4
). For the year end
December 
31,
 
2016,
the Company recorded related amortization of
$1,089,000.
 
Deferred Revenue
 
Deferred revenue is recorded when payments are received
prior to the shipment of products. When the related products are shipped, the related amount recorded as deferred revenue is recognized as revenue. Deferred revenue is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets.
 
Stock-based Compensation
 
The Company
accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions using the Black-Scholes option-pricing method, which requires the input of several subjective assumptions. These assumptions include estimating the length of time employees will retain their vested stock options before exercising them (expected term) and the estimated volatility of our common stock price over the expected term. Changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate of stock-based compensation and consequently, the related expense is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company
uses the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than
not
that such assets will be realized. On
December 22, 2017,
the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was signed into law. The Act significantly changes U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate to
21%
beginning in
2018
(see Note
20
).
 
In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying
the Company’s income tax positions. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting dates. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-
not
that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than
50%
likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is
not
more-likely-than-
not
that a tax benefit will be sustained,
no
tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. Where applicable, associated interest has also been recognized.
 
The Company recognizes liabilities or assets for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements in accordance with ASC
740,
Income Taxes
. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized as a component of income tax expense.
 
Net
Revenue
and Cost of Sales
 
The Company recognizes manufacturing revenue when goods have been shipped to our customer, title has passed, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and recoverability is reasonably assured. Generally, there are
no
formal substantive customer acceptance requirements or further obligations. If such requirements or obligations exist, then the Company recognizes the related revenues at the time when such requirements are completed and the obligations are fulfilled. Amounts representing contract change orders or claims are included in net revenue when such costs are invoiced to the customer. Shipping and handling costs charged to our customers are included in net revenue, while the corresponding shipping expenses are included in costs of sales.
 
The Company also provides
engineering design services and repair or inspection services, which are separate from the manufacturing of a product. Revenue for services is generally recognized when the services are rendered. Additionally, in
2016
and in prior years, the Company provided engineering and cyber analytic services through its CSS business, which was sold on
August 16, 2016 (
see Note
4
). Revenue for engineering and cyber analytic services was generally recognized upon completion of the engineering process or in accordance with milestone billings.
 
Net revenue from services, including those provided through the Company
’s CSS business prior to its sale in
August 2016,
were less than
10%
of our total revenue for all periods presented, and accordingly, are included in net revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
The Company previously separately reported revenue as either products revenue for company designed products or as outsourced services revenue, primarily when the design specifications for the manufactured products were provided by our customers. Net revenue and cost of sales in the
2016
consolidated statement of operations have been reclassified to conform to the
2017
presentation.
  There is
no
impact on net income or stockholders’ equity as a result of these reclassifications.
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
An allowance for uncollectible trade receivables is recorded when accounts are deemed uncollectible based on consideration of write-off history, aging analysis, and any specific, known troubled accounts.
 
Product Warranty Costs
 
The provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time of sale and is periodically adjusted to reflect actual experience. The Company’s warranty liability, which is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets, as of
December 
31,
 
2017
and
2016,
was
$666,000
and
$856,000,
respectively. The Company’s warranty expense for the years ended
December
 
31,
 
2017
and
2016
was
not
material.
 
Concentrations of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable. The Company’s customer base consists of a number of customers in diverse industries across geographic areas, primarily in North America and Mexico, and aerospace and defense companies under contract with the U.S. Government. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and does
not
require collateral on its commercial accounts receivable. Credit losses are provided for in the consolidated financial statements and consistently have been within management’s expectations. Approximately
30%
of accounts receivable outstanding at
December 
31,
 
2017
is due from
two
customers. More specifically, Sistemas Automotrices de Mexico, S.A. de C. V. (Sistemas) and Northrop Grumman Corporation (Northrop Grumman) comprise
15%
and
15%,
respectively, of
December 
31,
 
2017
outstanding accounts receivables. Approximately
41%
of accounts receivable outstanding at
December 
31,
 
2016
is due from
three
customers. More specifically, Sistemas, Meritor Inc. (Meritor) and Tyco Electronics Subsea Communications LLC (Tyco) comprise
15%,
14%
and
12%,
respectively, of
December 
31,
 
2016
outstanding accounts receivables.
 
The Company’s largest customers for the year ended
December 
31,
 
2017
were Detroit Diesel, Northrop Grummon and Sistemas, which represented approximately
14%,
13%
and
13%,
respectively, of the Company’s total net revenue. Detroit Diesel and Sistemas are both customers within the Sypris Technologies segment and Northrop Grummon is a customer within the Sypris Electronics segment. Meritor, Sistemas and Detroit Diesel were the Company’s largest customers for the year ended
December 
31,
 
2016,
which represented approximately
19%,
12%
and
10%,
respectively, of the Company’s total net revenue. The Company recognized revenue from contracts with the U.S. Government and its agencies approximating
3%
of net revenue for the year ended
December 
31,
 
2016.
No
other single customer accounted for more than
10%
of the Company’s total net revenue for the years ended
December 
31,
 
2017
or
2016.
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The functional currency for the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries is the Mexican peso. Assets and liabilities are translated at the period end exchange rate, and income and expense items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in comprehensive (loss) income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Remeasurement gains or losses for U.S. dollar denominated accounts of the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries are included in other income, net.
 
Collective Bargaining Agreements
 
Approximately
349,
or
57%
of the Company’s employees, all within Sypris Technologies, were covered by collective bargaining agreements at
December 31, 2017.
Excluding certain Mexico employees covered under an annually ratified agreement, there are
no
collective bargaining agreements expiring within the next
12
months. Certain Mexico employees are covered by an annually ratified collective bargaining agreement. These employees represented approximately
51%
of the Company’s workforce, or
308
employees as of
December 
31,
 
2017.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
In
2014,
the
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
2014
-
09
- Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
), and has subsequently issued ASUs
2015
-
14
– Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
): Deferral of the Effective Date,
2016
-
08
- Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net),
2016
-
10
- Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,
2016
-
12
- Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, and
2016
-
20
- Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
): Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic
606
(collectively, the Revenue Recognition ASUs).
 
The Revenue Recognition ASUs outline a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with
customers and supersede most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The guidance is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning on
January 1, 2018
and entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the new standard. We will adopt this guidance using the modified retrospective approach; under this approach, prior periods will
not
be restated.
 
We have evaluated each of the
five
steps in the new revenue recognition model, which are as follows:
1
) Identify the contract with the customer;
2
) Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
3
) Determine the transaction price;
4
) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
5
) Recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied. Our conclusion is that the determination of what constitutes a contract with our customers (step
1
), our performance obligations under the contract (step
2
), and the determination and allocation of the transaction price (steps
3
and
4
) under the new revenue recognition model will
not
result in significant changes in comparison to the current revenue recognition guidance.
 
With regard to recognizing revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied (step
5
),
we have reviewed the language in our contracts with each customer to determine whether the customer obtains control of the goods at a point in time or over time. Under current revenue recognition guidance, we recognize revenue when products are shipped to our customers and title transfers under standard commercial terms or when realizable in accordance with our commercial agreements. Topic
606
provides certain criteria that, if met, require companies to recognize revenue as the product is produced (over time) instead of at a point of time (i.e. upon shipment). The Company has determined that the new standard will change the timing of revenue recognition for a portion of its Sypris Electronics business, whereby revenue will be recognized earlier than under the current accounting rules, as we incur certain costs, as opposed to when units are shipped, although we do
not
expect the effect of the adoption to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. This standard will also have an impact to the Company’s balance sheet, primarily related to a reduction in finished goods and work-in-process inventories and an increase in contract assets. Revenue for all other goods will be recognized at a point in time, upon transfer of control of the product to the customer (i.e., effectively
no
change to current accounting).
 
In
February 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2016
-
02,
Leases (Topic
842
). The new standard was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This standard affects any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions. The guidance in this update supersedes FASB A
ccounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
840,
Leases. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018,
including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We believe the adoption of the standard will likely have a material impact to our Consolidated Balance Sheets for the recognition of certain operating leases as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. We are in the early process of analyzing our lease portfolio and evaluating systems to comply with the standard’s retrospective adoption requirements.
 
In
March 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2016
-
09,
Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU
2016
-
09
) requiring an entity to record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as an income tax benefit or expense in the income statement. ASU
2016
-
09
will also require an entity to elect an accounting policy to either estimate the number of forfeitures or account for forfeitures when they occur. We adopted this ASU effective
January 1, 2017,
and have elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur. The related financial statement impacts of adopting the above aspects of this ASU
were
not
material for the year ended
December 
31,
 
2017,
however, depending on several factors such as the market price of the Company’
s common stock, employee exercise behavior and corporate income tax rates, the excess tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted and performance shares could generate a significant discrete income tax benefit in a particular interim period potentially creating volatility in net income and earnings per share period-to-period and period-over-period. Our plans do
not
permit tax withholdings in excess of the statutory minimums.
 
In
August 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2016
-
15,
Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASU
2016
-
15
). This ASU provides guidance to clarify how certain cash receipts and payments should be presented in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after
December 15, 2017,
and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted in any annual or interim period. The updated guidance requires a modified retrospective adoption. This guidance is
not
expected to have a material impact on our consolidated statement of cash flows.
 
In
October 2016,
the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current
U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition in earnings of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer until the asset is sold to an outside party or recovered through use. This amendment simplifies the accounting by requiring entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The new guidance, which could impact effective tax rates, becomes effective
January 1, 2018
and requires modified retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period for which interim or annual financial statements have
not
yet been issued. This guidance is
not
expected to have a material impact on our consolidated statement of financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In
November 2016,
the FASB released guidance that addresses the diversity in practice in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance becomes effective
January 1, 2018
and must be applied on a retrospective basis. This guidance will result in a change in presentation of our consolidated statement of cash flows.
 
In
March 2017,
the FASB issued A
SU
No.
 
2017
-
07,
Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (ASU
2017
-
07
). The update requires employers to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net benefit cost, including interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost/credit and actuarial gain/loss, and settlement and curtailment effects, are to be presented outside of any subtotal of operating income. Employers will have to disclose the line(s) used to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost, if the components are
not
presented separately in the income statement. The Company currently classifies all net periodic pension costs within operating costs (as part of cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expense). The update should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of service cost and other components of net pension and post-retirement expense in the income statement, and prospectively for the capitalization of service cost.
The Company will adopt the new guidance effective
January 
1,
 
2018.
Upon adoption, we expect to classify the non-service cost components of net periodic pension expense in other income (expense), net.
 
In
May 2017,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2017
-
09,
which is an update to Topic
718,
Compensation - Stock Compensation. The update provides guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards, including stock options, require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic
718.
The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2017,
including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does
not
expect the adoption of ASU
2017
-
09
to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In
February 2018,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2018
-
02,
Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU
2018
-
02
). Under existing U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU
2018
-
02
allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of
2017.
The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018,
and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption in any period is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting ASU
2018
-
02.