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Significant accounting policies | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2013
Significant accounting policies |
Significant accounting policies | 2. Significant accounting policies Unaudited interim financial data The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated June 30, 2013 balance sheet, the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and the statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and the related interim information contained within the notes to the financial statements, have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and the notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of our financial position at June 30, 2013 and results of our operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of future results. Principles of consolidation These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OvaScience and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiary, OvaScience Securities Corporation. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of estimates These condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Segment and geographic information We make operating decisions based upon the performance of the enterprise as a whole and utilize our consolidated financial statements for decision making. We operate in one business segment, which focuses on developing product candidates dedicated to the treatment of female infertility. We currently operate in only one geographic segment. Comprehensive loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and the period from April 5, 2011 (inception) to June 30, 2013, comprised net loss and unrealized gains and losses on short-term investments. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, there were no reclassifications out of other comprehensive loss. Cash equivalents and short-term investments Cash equivalents and short-term investments primarily consist of money market funds and corporate obligations. Corporate obligations include obligations issued by corporations in countries other than the United States, including some issues that have not been guaranteed by governments and government agencies. We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents, which consist of money market funds are stated at fair value. They are also readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have such short-term maturities that each presents insignificant risk of change in value due to changes in interest rates. The classification of cash equivalents is consistent with prior periods. The appropriate classification of marketable securities is determined at the time of purchase and reevaluated at each balance sheet date. We have classified all of our short-term investments at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 as “available-for-sale.” We carry available-for-sale securities at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The cost of available-for-sale debt securities are adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest and investment income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in investment income. We conduct periodic reviews to identify and evaluate each investment that is in an unrealized loss position in order to determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment exists. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities that are determined to be temporary, and not related to credit loss, are recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we perform an analysis to assess whether we intend to sell or whether we would more likely than not be required to sell the security before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. Where we intend to sell a security, or may be required to do so, the security’s decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary and the full amount of the unrealized loss is recorded within the statement of operations as an impairment loss. Regardless of our intent to sell a security, we perform an additional analysis on all securities in an unrealized loss position to evaluate losses associated with the creditworthiness of the security. Credit losses are identified where we do not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of a security and are recorded within earnings as an impairment loss. Income Taxes We use the liability method to account for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to reflect the uncertainty associated with their ultimate realization. The effect of a change in tax rate on deferred taxes is recognized in income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date. We use our judgment for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Any material interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in income tax expense. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of the net deferred tax assets in future periods, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our otherwise recognizable net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We determine fair value based on the assumptions market participants use when pricing the asset or liability. We also use the fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop these assumptions. Our available-for-sale securities are valued utilizing third party pricing services. The pricing services use many observable market inputs to determine value, including benchmark yields, reportable trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, new issue data, monthly payment information and collateral performance. We validate the prices provided by our third party pricing services by understanding the models used, obtaining market values from other pricing sources, and confirming that those securities trade in active markets. Concentrations of credit risk and off-balance sheet risk Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are the only financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk. We maintain our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with a high quality, accredited financial institution and, accordingly, such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. We have also established guidelines relating to diversification and maturities that allow us to manage risk. We have no significant off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements. Research and development costs Research and development costs are expensed to operations as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with research activities, including license payments paid to third parties for rights to intellectual property, the costs of development of therapeutic product candidates and advances in the field of infertility. We account for nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities as expenses when the goods have been received or when the service has been performed rather than when the payment is made. Research and development expenses consist of: · employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stock-based compensation expense; · external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations manufacturing organizations and consultants; · license fees; and · facilities and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and laboratory and other supplies. Stock-based compensation The fair value of employee stock options is expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Compensation expense is measured using the fair value of the award at the grant date, net of estimated forfeitures, and is adjusted to reflect actual forfeitures. The fair value of each stock option is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Stock-based awards issued to non-employees, including directors for non-board related services, are accounted for based on the fair value of such services received or of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured. These stock-based option awards are revalued at the end of each fiscal quarter using the fair value method. Property and equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are recorded to expense as incurred, whereas major betterments are capitalized as additions to property and equipment. Depreciation expense is recorded over the following estimated useful lives of the assets:
Laboratory equipment |  | 5 years |
Furniture |  | 5 years |
Computer equipment |  | 3 years |
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of asset life or lease term |
Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the disposed asset and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized. We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of assets may not be fully recoverable and that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the undiscounted cash flow to the recorded value of the asset. If impairment is indicated, the asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. To date, no such impairment losses have been recorded. Net loss per share Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares include preferred stock, outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. The amounts in the table below were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, prior to the use of the treasury stock method, due to their anti-dilutive effect (in thousands):
|  | At June 30, |
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Series A preferred stock |  | — |  | 3,065 |
Series B preferred stock |  | — |  | 6,771 |
Outstanding stock options and restricted stock units |  | 2,170 |  | 687 |
Founders’ stock |  | 1,316 |  | 1,974 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18861-107790 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18743-107790 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18854-107790 + Details
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