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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2025 | Sep. 30, 2024 | Sep. 30, 2025 | Sep. 30, 2024
Revenues | [1],[2] | $ 88,906 | $ 88,479 | $ 264,004 | $ 261,111
Cost of revenues | [1],[2],[3],[4] | 52,783 | 52,005 | 157,629 | 154,025
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends | [1],[2] | (4,971) | (4,578) | (13,904) | (13,062)
Total stock-based compensation expense (benefit) |  | 377 | (122) | 2,863 | 2,267
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |
Total stock-based compensation expense (benefit) |  | 54 | (281) | 615 | 118
Selling and marketing |  |  |  |  |
Total stock-based compensation expense (benefit) |  | 17 | (208) | 524 | 71
Research and development |  |  |  |  |
Total stock-based compensation expense (benefit) |  | 31 | (193) | 367 | 92
General and administrative |  |  |  |  |
Total stock-based compensation expense (benefit) |  | 275 | 560 | 1,357 | 1,986
Related Party |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | 2,523 | 2,597 | 7,412 | 7,512
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends |  | (4,971) | (4,578) | (13,904) | (13,062)
Related Party | Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues |  | $ 5,679 | $ 7,364 | $ 16,880 | $ 22,964
[1] |
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues | $ | 2,523 |  |  |  | $ | 2,597 |  |  | $ | 7,412 |  |  | $ | 7,512 |
Cost of revenues | 5,679 |  |  |  | 7,364 |  |  | 16,880 |  |  | 22,964 |
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends | (4,971) |  |  |  | (4,578) |  |  | (13,904) |  |  | (13,062) |
[2] | (1) Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows. Refer to Footnote 9, Related Party Transactions.
[3] |
(3) Stock-based compensation expense (benefit) is included in the line items above as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Cost of revenues | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | (281) |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 118 |
Selling and marketing | 17 |  |  | (208) |  |  | 524 |  |  | 71 |
Research and development | 31 |  |  | (193) |  |  | 367 |  |  | 92 |
General and administrative | 275 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 1,357 |  |  | 1,986 |
Total stock-based compensation expense (benefit) | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | (122) |  |  | $ | 2,863 |  |  | $ | 2,267 |
[4] | (2) Excludes amortization of intangible assets, which is presented as a separate line item.

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